A PROJRCT REPORT

ON
MATHEMATICS
Submitted in the partial fulfillment for the
NATIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD
Submitted by:
Shekhar Bhatt
(student ,Grade Xii) : Group: Physical (B) Roll: 38

Under the super vison of

Dr. Krishna Bahadur chand
(Associate professor)

Dept. of mathematics:
Radiant Secondary School
Kanchanpur,Mahendranagar

2078
Date of submission

25 Ashoj 2078
 APPROVAL LETTER
The project work entitled "A PROJECT REPORT ON
MATHEMATICS" submitted by Shekhar Bhatt in the
partial fulfillment for the secondary level education of
NEB, I hereby certify that he has carried out some
activities under my supervision during his study with
excellent job .

I wish him a bright future.

Dated
Dr.k.b.chand
(Supervisor)
 ACKNOWLWDGEMENT
Many many thanks and gratitude is to my supervisor
Dr.K.B Chand who has been perpetual source of
guidance, encouragement and inspiration throughout my
project work. Thanks are also due to my friends especially
Rahul Rawal whose inslightful discussions always
contributed my project work.My gratitude goes to my
family especially to my father Ganesh Prasad Bhatt who
has been a source of encouragement and inspiration to me
throughout my life. Finally, I would like to thank to
Mr.Ramesh Khatri for his elegant type writing of the
entire manuscript.
Thank you.
Shekhar Bhatt
35 Ashoj 2078 (Student, Grade XII)
 TITLE: A PROJECT REPORT ON MATHEMATICS
Abstract: In this project report, two activities on mathematics
practical work have been carried out thoroughly.
Keywords & phrases: Curve, tangent , function ,

INTRODUCTION
Mathematics includes the study of such topics as quantity, structure,
space, and change. It has no generally accepted definition.
Mathematicians seek and use patterns to formulate new conjectures; they
resolve the truth or falsity of such by mathematical proof. 
Since the beginning of recorded history, mathematic discovery has been
at the forefront of every civilized society, and in use in even the most
primitive of cultures. The needs of math arose based on the wants of
society. The more complex a society, the more complex the
mathematical needs. Primitive tribes needed little more than the ability
to count, but also relied on math to calculate the position of the sun and
the physics of hunting
Mathematics helps in analytical thinking. While solving math problems,
data are collected, disassembled and then interconnected to solve
them. Importance of mathematics are:
 Mathematics helps to develop the ability to think.
 It helps explain how things work.
 It helps to develop wisdom.
 It increases the speed of intuitive.
 It helps to make the child smarter.
 Money can be collected in mathematics when used as a profession.
 It is important in a constantly evolving world.
 It provides the child with an opportunity to get to the world.
Genral objectives:
.To understand the mathematical concept and formulae through
the activites
.To conduct scientific experiments for verification and
exploration.
.To provide the student the scope for interaction,
communication, and representation, of mathematical ideas by
practicing processes
.To develop mathematical skills that will prepare the students for
the challenges of the future.
.To learn certain concepts using concrete objects and verify
many mathematical fact and properties.
.To provide opportunity to the students to do certain calculation
using tables , calculator ,models ,charts etc.
.To explain visually some abstract concepts , ideas etc.
ACTIVITY NO: 01: DEMONSTRATE THE INCREASING AND
DECREASING FUNCTION
OBJECTIVE : This project work helps to know the increasing and
decreasing of a function in a graph and derivative.
MATERIAL REQUIRED: Cardboard, whitechartpaper, wire or thread,
geometry box etc.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION:
1.Paste a white paper on a cardboard
2.Draw a perpendicular lines XOX’ and YOY’ .
3.Take two pieces of wires or threads of suitable size, bend and fix
them on paper.
4.Take two straight wires or threads and use them to draw the
tangents at two curves at P and Q respectively.Draw the tangents in
such a way that the meet on X –axis.

DEMONSTARTION
1.Measure the angle made by tangent to the first curve say (∝1 ¿ with the
positive X-axis. Then tan∝1 is positive and the curve is increasing.
2.Measure the angle made by the tangent to the second curve say(∝2 ¿with
positive X-axis . then tan∝2 is negative and the curve is decreasing.
VERIFICATION
Let y=f(x) be a function and θbe the angle made bye tangent to the
curve at P
dy dy
If dx at p = tanθ > 0 then the curve is increasing and if dx at p=tanθ <0
then the curve is decreasing.
Conclusion
The observation shows that the derivative of a function play important
role to find the increasing and decreasing of a function.

ACTIVITY no: 02: VERIFY THAT THE MAGNITUTDE OF CROSS

PRODUCT OF TWO VECTOR REPRESENT THE AREA OF A
PARALLELOGRAM WHOSE TWO ADJACENT SIDES ARE a⃗ and b⃗ .
Material required:
Drawing paper ,ruler, scale ,sketch pens, nail, protector etc.
objective:
The activity helps to understand the theoretical concept into engeneering
field.
Method of construction:
1.Take two vectors a⃗ =(6,0) and b⃗ = (3,4) say. So that |a⃗ |=6 and |b⃗ ∨¿=5
2.Fix nail at 0 and draw vector in drawing paper.
3.Draw parallelogram OACB.
4.Draw a perpendicular BD from B on OA.
5.Measure OD=3, BD=4 and OB=5,
4
So that sinθ= 5

6. Find the area of parallelogram

OACB = OA ×OBsinθ
= |a⃗ | |b⃗ ∨¿ sinθ
4
= 6 × 5× 5

=24 sq units
And the direction of a⃗ ⃗
× b is along the fix nail 0.
Verification
i⃗ ⃗j k⃗
a⃗ × b⃗ = [ ]
6 0 0
3 4 0
= 0 i⃗ +0 ⃗j + 24k⃗ = 24k⃗

|a⃗ ×⃗
b∨¿ ¿ =|24k⃗ | =247

Therefore the area of parallelogram whose two adjacent sides are a⃗ ∧⃗b is
=|a⃗ ×⃗
b∨¿ ¿ =24sq unit

Conclusion
The observation shows how the a⃗ × b⃗ is perpendicular to the plane
containing the vector a⃗ ¿ b⃗ . It also verifies geometrical imterpretation of
vector product of two vector.