GK Today 1 15 October 2021

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Current Affairs [PDF] - October 1-15, 2021
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Current Affairs [PDF] - October 1-15, 2021
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Contents
......................... ....... _ _ ......... ......... .....................................................
News Headlines ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 1, 2021 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 2, 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 3, 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
October 4, 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
October 5, 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
October 6, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
October 7, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
October 8, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
October 11, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
October 11, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
October 11, 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
October 12, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
October 13, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
October 14, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
October 15, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
October 1, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Manipur: Festival of Dance and Music "Nata Sankirtana" .......................................................................................................... 12
NABARD approves credit plan for rearing Yak Husbandry ....................................................................................................... 13
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award 2021 ........................................................................................................................................... 14
2021 Yidan Prize ................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Digi Saksham programme - Key Facts ............................................................................................................................................ 15
UNCTAD Digital Economy Report 2021 ........................................................................................................................................ 15
PM launches Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 and AMRUT 2.0 ......................................................................................... 16
NITI Aayog: Assessment report of District hospitals ................................................................................................................... 17
Giriraj Singh launches People's Plan Campaign 2021 .................................................................................................................. 17
‘Bal Raksha Kit’- Things to Know .................................................................................................................................................... 18
AUSINDEX: 4th India-Australia biennial maritime series ........................................................................................................... 18
India-Australia inked ‘Terms of Reference’ .................................................................................................................................... 19
September 30: International Translation Day ................................................................................................................................ 19
October 2, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
NITI Aayog: The State Nutrition Profile ........................................................................................................................................ 20
SACRED Portal made functional ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
IFSCA sets up Expert Committee on Sustainable Finance .......................................................................................................... 21
New species of blind freshwater eel discovered in Mumbai ...................................................................................................... 22
India-US to set-up JWG in Defence industrial security ............................................................................................................... 22
American bumblebee could be declared endangered .................................................................................................................. 23
What is Solar conjunction? ................................................................................................................................................................ 24
India’s Pavilion launched at Dubai Expo 2020 .............................................................................................................................. 24
World Bank: $150 million to Chennai’s Sustainable Urban Services ........................................................................................ 25
RBI's new auto Debit Rules- Highlights .......................................................................................................................................... 25
IMF Report on Crypto Ecosystem .................................................................................................................................................... 26
India wins Bronze at Asian TT Championships ............................................................................................................................ 26
India- Sri Lanka to take part in 'Mitra Shakti 21' Exercise ......................................................................................................... 27
October 4, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Tiger rallies started across 51 Reserves ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Assam: Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi Award ................................................................................................................................ 28
Wildlife Week 2021 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 29
KVIC's world’s largest Khadi National Flag ................................................................................................................................... 29
Kamdhenu Deepawali 2021 campaign launched .......................................................................................................................... 30
Centre notifies new Electricity Rules ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Molnupiravir: New drug to treat COVID-19 .................................................................................................................................. 31
First consignment of Kashmir walnuts flagged off ....................................................................................................................... 32
Icra report: India’s electricity demand to grow 8-8.5% in FY22 .............................................................................................. 32
MeitY plans Tech repository for Digital services .......................................................................................................................... 33
NOAA report: August 2021 is the 6th-warmest in 142 years ................................................................................................... 34
© 2021 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in 2
Odisha's initiatives to prevent Elephant electrocution .................................................................................................................. 34
October 5, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 35
Russia test-fires Hypersonic missile from submarine ................................................................................................................... 35
2021 Nobel Prize in Medicine ........................................................................................................................................................... 35
Delhi: Action plan to combat Air pollution in winters ................................................................................................................. 36
TN launches software to aid police investigations ........................................................................................................................ 37
DRDO Dare to Dream 2.0 & Young Scientists awards .............................................................................................................. 37
Urban Conclave in Lucknow-Highlights ......................................................................................................................................... 38
'Made in India' drone used to transport COVID-19 vaccine ..................................................................................................... 39
EU approves Pfizer-BioNTech COVID vaccine booster .............................................................................................................. 39
October 4: World Habitat Day ......................................................................................................................................................... 40
NASA's Psyche Mission- Key Facts ................................................................................................................................................. 40
RBI grants licence to NARCL ............................................................................................................................................................ 41
What is the Pandora papers leak case? ............................................................................................................................................ 41
October 6, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Changes proposed in Forest Conservation Act ............................................................................................................................. 42
Health Minister releases ‘The State of the World’s Children 2021’ .......................................................................................... 43
5th edition of India - Japan Maritime Bilateral Exercise .............................................................................................................. 43
Ministry of Tourism organising conference on Buddhist Crcuit .............................................................................................. 44
Comprehensive Handicrafts Cluster Development Scheme ....................................................................................................... 44
Indian Scientists develops New Biodegradable Polymer ............................................................................................................. 45
State of the Education Report for India-2021 ............................................................................................................................... 45
Delhi: Health Information Management System (HIMS) project ............................................................................................ 46
Road Transport Ministry's scheme for ‘Good Samaritans’ ........................................................................................................ 47
Nobel Prize 2021 for Physics ............................................................................................................................................................ 47
What is Heli-borne Survey Technology? ........................................................................................................................................ 48
‘Electronic Pension Payment Order’ integrated with Digi Locker ............................................................................................ 48
Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week .................................................................................................................................. 49
October 7, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
The State of Climate Services 2021: Water report ....................................................................................................................... 50
Centre to constitute National Road Safety Board ......................................................................................................................... 50
Business Summit on National Mission on Edible Oils-Oil Palm in NE states .......................................................................... 51
GI tagged Mihidana from West Bengal exported to Bahrain ..................................................................................................... 51
Government approves 7 PM MITRA Parks ................................................................................................................................... 52
SVAMITVA: PM distributes 1.7 lakh e-property cards in M.P .................................................................................................. 53
NASA To Launch Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission .................................................................................. 53
WHO approves world's first Malaria vaccine ................................................................................................................................ 54
UAE announces Probe targeting asteroid between Mars & Jupiter .......................................................................................... 54
ICMR releases MUDRA Toolbox in 5 Indian languages ............................................................................................................. 55
Annual International G-20 Conference- Highlights ..................................................................................................................... 55
Moody’s upgrades outlook on India’s sovereign rating to Stable ............................................................................................. 56
Anshu Malik:1st Indian woman wrestler to reach World Championship final ....................................................................... 57
October 8, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
World Bank Report- Shifting Gears: Digitization and Services-Led Development ............................................................... 57
October 7: World Cotton Day 2021 ................................................................................................................................................ 58
Guidelines for PM-CARES for Children scheme .......................................................................................................................... 58
Centre releases ₹40,000 crore as GST compensation ................................................................................................................ 59
UP: Judicial Commission for Lakhimpur Kheri probe ................................................................................................................. 60
Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................... 60
India Joins High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People ...................................................................................................... 61
IAF celebrates 89th anniversary ........................................................................................................................................................ 61
RBI Monetary Policy Committee Announcements ....................................................................................................................... 62
PM Modi to launch 'Indian Space Association' ............................................................................................................................. 62
October 11, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Nationwide River Ranching Programme launched in Uttar Pradesh ....................................................................................... 63
Coal Shortage Crisis in India ............................................................................................................................................................. 63
PM Modi to launch first ever ‘PM Gati Shakti’ Masterplan ....................................................................................................... 64
India, UK sign Forward Action Plan on power ............................................................................................................................. 64

India-Croatia joins hands for research in Traditional Medicine Systems ................................................................................ 65
Telangana to test Mobile-based e-voting system ......................................................................................................................... 66
UN Human Rights Council recognises 'Right to a clean environment' ................................................................................... 66
October 10: World Mental Health Day ........................................................................................................................................... 67
Football: Sunil Chhetri equals Pele with 77th goal ...................................................................................................................... 67
India agrees to $200 mn LoC to support Kyrgyzstan ................................................................................................................ 68
Long haul freight trains ‘Trishul’ and ‘Garuda’ operated at SCR ............................................................................................. 68
October 12, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 69
Nobel Prize in Economics 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................ 69
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021 ................................................................................................................................ 69
GI Tag for Karuppur kalamkari paintings, Kallakurichi wood carvings ................................................................................. 70
PM Modi to attend G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit on Afghanistan .............................................................................. 71
Germany launches World's First Self-Driving Train .................................................................................................................... 71
IEA invites India to become full-time member .............................................................................................................................. 72
Alexander Schellenberg appointed Austria's new Chancellor .................................................................................................... 73
Tunisia's President unveils new Government ................................................................................................................................ 73
Covid: WHO recommends 3rd dose for immunocompromised ............................................................................................... 73
Finance Ministry's Monthly Economic Review ............................................................................................................................. 74
Rajnish Kumar joins BharatPe as Chairman ................................................................................................................................... 75
Civil Aviation Min approves Akasa Air to operate in India ........................................................................................................ 75
October 13, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 76
Cabinet approves affiliation of 100 schools with Sainik School Society ................................................................................. 76
Velyat: Iran’s annual Air Defence Drill ............................................................................................................................................ 76
October 12: World Arthritis Day ...................................................................................................................................................... 77
Maharatna Status to Power Finance Corporation ........................................................................................................................ 77
Supreme Court on National Green Tribunal’s (NGT) position ................................................................................................ 78
NITI Aayog: Handbook on Sustainable urban plastic waste management ............................................................................ 78
Vision Plan (2021-2031) for Indian Zoos ....................................................................................................................................... 79
India to submit National vaccination plan and targets to WHO ............................................................................................... 80
Henley passport index 2021- Highlights ......................................................................................................................................... 80
Delhi Govt's 'Desh Ke Mentor' Programme .................................................................................................................................. 81
Covaxin approved for emergency use in 2–18-year-olds ............................................................................................................ 81
Former IAS Amit Khare appointed as advisor to PM Modi ...................................................................................................... 82
October 11: US Indigenous People’s Day ........................................................................................................................................ 82
October 14, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 83
EU's first Green Bond issuance ......................................................................................................................................................... 83
IMF's World Economic Outlook- Highlights ................................................................................................................................. 84
NSO Data on Retail Inflation and IIP .............................................................................................................................................. 84
MHA begins tripartite talks with Gorkhas and WB ..................................................................................................................... 85
Draft Regional Plan-2041 approved ................................................................................................................................................ 85
Gati Shakti National Master Plan- Key Facts ................................................................................................................................ 86
UN Biodiversity Summit begins in China ....................................................................................................................................... 87
India at 3rd position in RE Investment attractiveness index ....................................................................................................... 87
India's Plastic Waste Recycling Targets .......................................................................................................................................... 88
Maritime Exercise Malabar Phase II ................................................................................................................................................ 88
New rules for allowing abortion till 24 weeks .............................................................................................................................. 89
What is Climate Resilience Information System and Planning Tool? ...................................................................................... 90
October 13: International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction ....................................................................................................... 90
October 15, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 91
Home Ministry enhances powers of BSF ........................................................................................................................................ 91
What is Northern Ireland Protocol? ................................................................................................................................................. 91
China sets up $233 million Kunming Biodiversity fund .............................................................................................................. 92
Govt launches 'One Health Consortium' ........................................................................................................................................ 92
India to pilot 1000 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) ........................................................................................... 93
Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................... 93
PLI scheme for telecom products launched ................................................................................................................................... 94
Global Hunger Index: India at 101st rank ....................................................................................................................................... 95
MyParkings app- Highlights .............................................................................................................................................................. 95

Defence Minister addresses 'SCO seminar onPhysica Role Classes | physicaclasses@gmail.com |

of Women in Armed Forces' ............................................................... 96
China-Russia ‘Joint Sea 2021 naval exercise’ ................................................................................................................................. 96
India re-elected to UN Human Rights Council for 2022-24 .................................................................................................... 97
AIIMS launches ‘Healthy Smile’ Mobile App ................................................................................................................................ 97
120 Multiple Choice Questions ................................................................................................................................................................. 99
Note: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 128

News Headlines
October 1, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for October 1, 2021
INDIA
– PM lays foundations of four District Medical Colleges at Sirohi, Hanumangarh, Banswara and
Dausa in Rajasthan; inaugurates CIPET (Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering &
Technology) Jaipur
– Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Minister Giriraj Singh launches People’s Plan
Campaign-2021- Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas and Vibrant Gram Sabha Dashboard
– All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) develops immunity boosting ‘Bal Raksha Kit’ for children up
to the age of 16
– Border incidents with China will continue till boundary agreement is reached: Army Chief General
Manoj Naravane
– India to enhance Lorros (Long-Range Reconnaissance and Observation System) at China, Pakistan
borders
– India, Australia sign ‘Terms of Reference’ for navy to navy talks
– India-Australia undertakes 4th iteration of biennial maritime series ‘AUSINDEX’
– Nepal: Six schools reconstructed with Indian financial assistance inaugurated
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Cabinet gives nod to two Railway line doubling projects in MP and Gujarat; Doubling of Nimach-
Ratlam line in Madhya Pradesh and Rajkot-Kanalus line in Gujarat will cost over ₹1,000 crore each
– Govt keeps interest rates on small savings schemes unchanged for Q3FY22; Public Provident Fund
(PPF) and National Savings Certificate (NSC) will continue to carry an annual interest rate of 7.1 per
cent and 6.8 per cent, respectively
– No automatic recurring payment for various services including recharge and utility bill; additional
factor of authentication (AFA) will become mandatory from October 1
– Union Labour and Employment Minister Bhupender Yadav launches DigiSaksham, a digital skills
programme to enhance the employability of youth
– Eight core sectors’ output accelerates to 11.6% in August: Govt data
– NITI Aayog, Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Intel to set up experience studio at the NITI Aayog
Frontier Technologies Cloud Innovation Center (CIC) in New Delhi
– NITI Aayog Launches Report on Best Practices in the Performance of District Hospitals
– USIBC to present Global Leadership Award to Shiv Nadar of HCL Technologies and Mallika
Srinivasan of Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited (TAFE)
– Bangladesh: ONGC Videsh begins exploratory drilling in Kanchan #1 well
– Assam Cabinet approves Rs 1800 crore to provide relief to around 11 lakhs micro finance
borrowers
– Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) approves $356.67-million loan for the expansion of the
Chennai metro rail system
– E. R. Sheikh assumes charge as first Director General of the Ordnance Directorate
WORLD
– US: Kilauea volcano erupts in Hawaii
– Ecuador: President Guillermo Lasso declares emergency in the prison system following killing of
116 people in Guayaquil
– International Translation Day celebrated on Sept 30
– World Maritime Day celebrated on Sept 30; theme: ‘Seafarers at the core of shipping’s future’
October 2, 2021
INDIA
– PM launches 2nd phase of Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U 2.0) and Atal Mission for
Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT 2.0) with the aspiration to make all cities garbage
free and water secure.
– Chief Justice of India (CJI) N.V. Ramana for forming special panels led by HC CJs to probe plaints
against ‘atrocities’ by police, bureaucracy
– Union Minister Anurag Thakur launches month-long Clean India Programme at Prayagraj in UP
– India decides to impose ‘reciprocity,’ UK nationals arriving from UK required to undergo 10-day
quarantine irrespective of vaccination status
– Air Marshal Sandeep Singh takes charge as vice-chief of IAF
– Vice Admiral Adhir Arora takes charge as Chief Hydrographer to the Government of India
– Rajasthan bans sale, bursting of crackers from October 1 to January 31
– Govt approves release of Rs 7,274 crore to 23 states as central share of SDRF (State Disaster
Response Fund)
– Vice President M. Venkaiah Naidu presents Vayoshreshtha Samman-2021 to senior citizens
– Vice President launches portals – SAGE (Seniorcare Aging Growth Engine) and SACRED (Senior
Able Citizens for Re-Employment in Dignity) on the occasion of the International Day of Older
Persons
– National Voluntary Blood Donation Day observed on October 1
– Chacha Chaudhary declared mascot for Namami Gange Programme
– CDS General Bipin Rawat meets his US counterpart General Mark Milley in Washington
– Dharmendra Pradhan, Union Minister for Education and Skill Development, addresses 5th East
Asia Summit (EAS) Education Ministers Meeting
– Union Minister Rajeev Chandrasekhar addresses 4th Annual Leadership Summit of USISPF (US-
India Strategic Partnership Forum)
– India, U.S. to set up joint working group in defence industrial security
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Centre doubles incentive on sugar sacrificed for producing ethanol from October 2021
– Foreign Exchange reserves down by $997 million to $638.646 billion in the week ended September
24
– Piramal Enterprises Ltd. (PEL) acquires bankrupt Dewan Housing Finance Corp. Ltd (DHFL), pays
₹14,700 cr. in cash
WORLD
– International Day of Older Persons observed on Oct 1; theme: Digital Equity for All Ages
SPORTS
– No overseas spectators allowed for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in February
October 3, 2021
INDIA
– India and Sri Lanka holding ‘Mitra Shakti’ military exercise in Ampara (SL) from Oct 4 to 15
– Uttarakhand: India-Nepal joint military exercise Surya Kiran-15 ends in Pithoragarh
– Ladakh: World’s largest khadi national flag, weighing 1,000 kg, unveiled in Leh
– Marta Lucia Ramirez de Rincn, Colombia’s Vice-President and Minister of Foreign Affairs, visits
India
– Centre for Policy Research, Delhi releases paper titled “India’s Path to Power: Strategy in a World
Adrift”
– Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav commences tiger rallies across 51 reserves; theme: “India
for Tigers- A Rally on Wheels”
– Under Jal Jeevan Mission, 50 mn houses got water connection since launch in 2019: PM Modi
– Pan-India Legal Awareness and Outreach Campaign of National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)
inaugurated by President
– Amid tiff between Chirag Paswan, Pashupati Paras factions, EC freezes election symbol of Lok

Janshakti Party (LJP)
– India Today group announces winners of its Healthgiri Awards 21
– Kangana Ranaut becomes brand ambassador of UP govt’s ‘one district-one product’ (ODOP)
scheme
– Process of renunciation of Indian citizenship simplified
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Power and new & renewable energy minister R. K. Singh asks Tehri Hydro Development
Corporation Ltd (THDCIL) and North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Ltd (NEEPCO) to bid for
solar and wind projects
– UIDAI plans to open 166 standalone Aadhar enrolment and update centres
– Merchandise trade deficit jumps 675% to $22.94 billion in April-September 2021
– 9th Meeting of the India-UAE High Level Joint Task Force on Investments held in Dubai
WORLD
– Renovated Gandhi Museum was inaugurated at Gandhi Ashram Trust at Noakhali, Bangladesh
– Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte to retire from politics after his term ends in 2022
– International Day of Non-Violence observed on Oct 2; birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi
October 4, 2021
INDIA
– West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee wins Bhabanipur seat with a margin of 58, 832 votes
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Power Ministry promulgates Electricity Rules 2021 to regulate Transmission System Planning,
Development & Recovery of Inter-State Transmission Charges
WORLD
– 7th G-20 Parliamentary Speakers Summit to be held in Rome, Italy on October 7-8; Lok Sabha
Speaker Om Birla, Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman Harivansh to participate
– Sri Lanka: Indian Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla visits oil storage facility in port
district of Trincomalee
– Qatar: Results of first legislative council election announced, no female candidates elected
October 5, 2021
INDIA
– Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya launches delivery of COVID-19 vaccine by drone in Bishnupur
district of Manipur
– Defence Ministry launches website (www.indianrdc.mod.gov.in) for 2022 Republic Day
Celebrations
– Meghalaya: Vice-President lays foundation for upgrading a road that connects capital Shillong with
Dawki town
– Assam: Vice President inaugurates Mahabahu Brahmaputra River Heritage Centre in Guwahati
– “Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah” actor Ghanashyam Nayak dies
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Reserve Bank supersedes boards of Srei Infrastructure, Srei Equipment Finance
– SBI and Indian Navy launch SBI’s NAV-eCash card onboard aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya
– 40th India International Trade Fair 2021 to be organised by the India Trade Promotion
Organisation (ITPO) from November 14-27 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi; theme: “Atmanirbhar
Bharat”
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh presents awards to winners of ‘Dare to Dream 2.0’ Contest of
DRDO

WORLD
– US-based scientists David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or
medicine for their discovery of the receptors that allow humans to feel temperature and touch
– World Animal Day celebrated on October 4; marks the feast day of Saint Francis of Assisi, the
patron saint of animals
– World Habitat Day celebrated on October 4, theme: Accelerating urban action for a carbon-free
world
– World Space Week being celebrated from October 4 to 10; theme: “Women in Space”
– Russia tests Tsirkon (Zircon) hypersonic cruise missile from a submarine for the 1st time
– Oman: Death toll from Cyclone Shaheen rises to 5
– Japan’s parliament elects Fumio Kishida as new Prime Minister
– Ethiopia: PM Abiy Ahmed sworn in for second five-year term
– Small plane crashes into an empty building in Milan; All eight people on board killed
SPORTS
– Kenya’s Joyciline Jepkosgei (women’s) and Ethiopia’s Sisay Lemma (men’s) win races at London
Marathon
– Asian table tennis championships in Doha: South Korea (men’s) and Japan (women’s) win gold in
team events; India gets bronze in men’s team
– Asian table tennis championships in Doha: India win two bronze medals in men’s doubles
– Russia win FIDE World women’s team chess title in Spain
– FC Goa beat Mohammedan Sporting in final 1-0 to win Durand Cup football title in Kolkata
October 6, 2021
INDIA
– PM hands over keys to 75,000 beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Urban (PMAY-U) in
UP
– PM inaugurates ‘Azadi@75 -New Urban India: Transforming Urban Landscape’ conference-cum-
expo in Lucknow
– Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya releases UNICEF ‘s global flagship publication: “The State of
the World’s Children 2021; On My Mind: promoting, protecting and caring for children’s mental
health”
– Health Ministry launches ‘Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week’ from October 5 to 10
– Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla calls on Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa in
Colombo
– 5th edition of India–Japan Maritime Bilateral Exercise to be held in Arabian Sea from Oct 6 to 8
– EC allots names, symbols to LJP (Lok Janshakti Party) factions led by Lok Sabha member Chirag
Paswan and Union Minister Pashupati Kumar Paras
– Shakti Sinha, former bureaucrat who was also the Private Secretary to former Prime Minister Atal
Bihari Vajpayee, dies
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– National Health Authority (NHA) rates of procedures under AB PM-JAY (Ayushman
Bharat¬–Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana), black fungus management added under scheme
– Cars older than 15 yrs: Owners to shell out 8 times more for renewal of registration from Apr 2022
– First consignment of GI (Geographical Identification) tagged sweet dish Mihidana from West
Bengal exported to Bahrain
WORLD
– Nobel Prize for physics awarded to scientists from Japan (Syukuro Manabe), Germany (Klaus
Hasselmann) and Italy (Giorgio Parisi) for work on complex physical systems
– WTO estimates global merchandise trade volume growth at 10.8% in 2021
– World Teachers’ Day celebrated on October 5; theme: “Teachers at the heart of education

recovery”
– Interpol launches online cyber security awareness campaign from Oct 4 to 22 on social media
October 7, 2021
SVAMITVA
– PM distributes e-property cards to 1,71,000 beneficiaries under the SVAMITVA scheme in MP
– SVAMITVA (Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas) Yojna
– SVAMITVA Yojana aims at establishment of clear ownership of property in rural areas by mapping
of land parcels and providing ‘record of rights’ to eligible households by issuing legal ownership
cards to them
INDIA
– 75 Science Technology and Innovation Hubs to be set up in different parts of the country: Union
Minister for Science and Technology Dr Jitendra Singh
– Govt. offers reward for rescuing road crash victims and rushing them to a hospital within the
golden hour
– Veteran actor Arvind Trivedi, known for portraying the role of Ravana in Ramanand Sagar’s
‘Ramayan’ dies at 82 in Mumbai; was Lok Sabha MP from Sabarkantha (Gujarat) in 1991-96
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. notifies 100% foreign direct investment (FDI) under automatic route in the telecom services
sector
– Cabinet approves Rs 4,445-cr PM MITRA (PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel) Yojana
to set up 7 mega textile parks
– GST of 18% applicable on ice creams not 5% from here on: government tells taxmen
– Nearly 52,000 apprentices hired in Skill India’s ‘National Apprenticeship Mela’ 2021 organised by
Skill India
– Cabinet approves bonus equal to 78 days’ wage for over 11 lakh non-gazetted railway employees
– Assam govt. launches App Fishwaale, India’s first e-fish market
WORLD
– Nobel Chemistry Prize awarded jointly to Germany’s Benjamin List and David WC MacMillan of US
for ‘developing a new way for building molecules known as asymmetric organocatalysis’
– Pakistan Army transfers Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) Chief Lt. Gen. General Faiz Hameed;
appoints him Peshawar Corps Commander
– Romanian government falls after a no-confidence vote; PM Florin Citu resigns
October 8, 2021
INDIA
– PM inaugurates 35 PSA (pressure swing adsorption) oxygen plants established under PM CARES
fund
– Lakhimpur Kheri violence of Oct 3: Supreme Court tells U.P. to file status report in 24 hours
– Lok Adalat has no jurisdiction to decide matter on merits if no compromise between parties: SC
– Government asks Supreme Court to set norms for quota in promotions
– SC allows girls to take entrance exam for admission in Rashtriya Indian Military College in
December
– Supreme Court questions ₹8 lakh income limit for EWS (Economically Weaker Sections) quota
– India, Nepal to conduct joint patrols for controlling trans-border crime
– India joins High Ambition Coalition (HAC) for Nature and People that aims to protect 30% of the
Earth by 2030
– Passenger gives birth to boy mid-air in Air India’s London-Kochi flight on Oct 5
– India to allow foreign tourists travelling by chartered flights from Oct 15
– Railways extends Covid guidelines, Rs 500 fine on passengers without masks
– Vallilath Madhathil Madhavan Nair, the oldest living former diplomat of India, dies at 102
– US-India Business Council (USIBC) India Ideas Summit held
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Fitch cuts India’s FY22 GDP forecast to 8.7%, but pegs FY23 growth at 10%
– World Bank leaves India’s 2021-22 growth projection unchanged at 8.3% from June forecast
– Centre releases Rs 40,000 crore to states/UTs to meet GST compensation shortfall
– Reliance Industries Ltd. Chairman Mukesh Ambani tops Forbes India rich list with $92 billion net
worth
WORLD
– Tanzanian novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah awarded 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature
– World Health Organization (WHO) approves first anti-malarial vaccine ‘RTS,S’
– Online meeting for conservation of migratory birds in Central Asian Flyway held
– First World Cotton day observed on October 7
– World food prices rise for 2nd consecutive month, hit 10-year peak: FAO
– Pakistan: 22 killed, over 300 injured in earthquake in Balochistan province
SPORTS
– World Wrestling Championships in Oslo, Norway: Anshu Malik wins silver in women’s 57kg; Sarita
Mor wins bronze in women’s 59kg
October 11, 2021
INDIA
– No UK quarantine for Covishield vaccinated Indians from October 11
– UPSC selects 31 specialists from private sector for senior level posts in central govt
– Armies of India and UK conducting ‘Ajeya Warrior’ exercise at Chaubatia, Uttarakhand
– India and Japan conduct bilateral maritime exercise in the Arabian Sea
– Indian Air Force Day celebrated on Oct 8; IAF motto: ‘Nabha Sparsham Deeptham’ (Touch the sky
with glory)
MONETARY POLICY REVIEW
– Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI’s) six-member monetary policy committee (MPC) keeps rates
unchanged in its bi-monetary monetary policy review
– The MPC voted 5-1 to retain the accommodative stance
– Repo rate, reverse repo rate maintained at 4% and 3.35% respectively
– RBI maintained the 2021-22 GDP growth forecast at 9.5%
– CPI (Consumer Price Index) inflation is projected at 5.3% for 2021-22
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– RBI to introduce Internal Ombudsman Scheme (IOS) for NBFCs having a higher customer interface
– IMPS (Immediate Payment Service) limit to be increased from Rs 2 lakh to Rs 5 lakh: RBI
– K V Subramanian steps down as Chief Economic Adviser after a 3-year tenure
– Foreign exchange reserves decline by USD 1.169 billion to stand at USD 637.477 billion in the
week ended October 1
– Dedicated corridors & hubs: Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia announces new helicopter
policy
WORLD
– Journalists Maria Ressa (Philippines) & Dmitry Muratov (Russia) awarded 2021 Nobel Peace Prize
– 136 countries sign agree on a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15% on MNC tech firms such
as Facebook, Google, Netflix, Microsoft
– U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) sets up China Mission Center to address the challenge
China poses
– Pakistan: Lt. Gen. Nadeem Anjum appointed new Chief of spy agency Inter-Services Intelligence
(ISI)

– Google to prohibit ads and content that denies the existence and causes of climate change
– World Migratory Bird Day being celebrated on Oct 9; theme: “Sing, Fly, Soar – Like a Bird!”
– World Post Day being celebrated on Oct 9; marks establishment of UPU (Universal Postal Union) in
1874 in the Swiss Capital, Berne
– IMF MD Kristalina Georgieva denies role in data-rigging at World Bank when she was CEO there in
2017-2019
October 11, 2021
INDIA
– PM Modi, Denmark’s PM Mette Frederiksen hold bilateral talks in New Delhi
– Eight judges elevated as chief justices of various high courts
– Mental Health Awareness Week being celebrated from Oct 5 to 10
– NMCG (National Mission of Clean Ganga) & WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) Institute sign
MoU for capacity building In Faecal Sludge & Septage Management
– New version of the song ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’ launched by Darshana Jardosh, Minister of State
for Railways and Textiles; prepared and sung by all Railway employees & officers
– Chaitanya Tamhane wins award for best screenplay for ‘The Disciple’ (Marathi) at Asian Film
Awards in Busan, South Korea
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Tata Sons group wins bid for acquiring Air India for Rs 18,000 crore
– 3rd India – UK Energy for Growth Partnership – Ministerial Energy Dialogue held
– Maharashtra: Sindhudurg airport in Konkan region starts commercial operations
– Shipping Minister Sarbananda Sonowal launches ‘MyPortApp’ for digital monitoring of port
operations
WORLD
– UN Human Rights Council in Geneva recognises access to a clean and healthy environment as a
fundamental right
– Abolhassan Banisadr, Iran’s first president after 1979 revolution, dies at 88
October 11, 2021
INDIA
– Navies of India, US, Japan and Australia to conduct 2nd phase of Maritime Exercise Malabar in Bay
of Bengal from Oct 12 to 15
– IFS (Indian Foreign Service) Day celebrated on October 9
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Centre imposes stock limits on edible oils to soften prices in domestic market
– Telecom Secretary inaugurates Quantum Communication Lab at C-DoT
– Railways launch two long haul freight trains ‘Trishul’, ‘Garuda’
WORLD
– World Mental Health Day observed on October 10; theme: ‘Mental health care for all: let’s make it
a reality’
– Austria: Sebastian Kurz steps down as Chancellor over corruption allegations
– Abdul Qadeer Khan, India-born father of Pakistan’s nuclear programme, dies at 85 in Islamabad
– Pulitzer-winning scholar Martin J Sherwin dies in US at 84
– 16 killed after aircraft carrying parachutists crashed in Russia
SPORTS
– Youth Affairs and Sports Minister Anurag Thakur launches Delhi Hockey Weekend League 2021-22
at the Major Dhyanchand National Stadium

October 12, 2021
INDIA
– PM Modi, Boris Johnson connect to discuss vaccine certification, trade, climate
– As the Special Envoy of Prime Minister, Minister of State for External Affairs Meenakshi Lekhi
addresses High-Level Meeting to mark the 60th Anniversary of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in
Belgrade, Serbia
– NeGD (National e-Governance Division) and UN Women India organise webinar on “Cyber Safety
for Women and Girls”
– J&K: Union MoS for I&B Dr L Murugan inaugurates Prasar Bharati Auditorium in Srinagar
– Union Minister Giriraj Singh inaugurates training program on Sandalwood Farming &
Management of its health
– Uttarakhand: Transport Minister Yashpal Arya quits BJP; joins Congress with his MLA son Sanjeev
– India, China fail to resolve Ladakh issues at 13th round of military talks
– J&K: Five Army personnel martyred during counter-terrorist operation in Poonch sector
– Noted Kannada film actor Sathyajith dies in Bengaluru at the age of 72
– Veteran Malayalam actor Nedumudi Venu passes away at 73
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– PM Modi launches Indian Space Association which will act as the premier body for space and
satellite companies in the country
– International Energy Agency invites India to become full-time member: Hardeep Singh Puri
– APEDA signs MoU with ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur for boosting exports of
citrus and its valued-added products.
– India Post celebrates Banking Day as part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav; MoS Devusinh Chauhan
releases special cover on Muga Silk
– India gets 3rd set of Swiss bank details under automatic exchange of information pact with
Switzerland,
– India agrees to $200 mn Line of Credit to support projects in Kyrgyzstan during Bishkek visit of
External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar
– Govt. issues a letter of intent (LoI) confirming the sale of its 100 per cent stake in loss-making Air
India to Tata Group for Rs 18,000 crore
– RBI issues revised operational guidelines on on-tap SLTRO (special long-term repo operations)
scheme for SFBs
– MG Motor India launches SUV Astor with prices starting from Rs 9.78
WORLD
– Three US-based economists — David Card, Joshua Angrist & Guido Imbens — win 2021 Nobel Prize
for Economics; The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said the three have ‘completely reshaped
empirical work in the economic sciences’
– Austria: Alexander Schellenberg appointed new Chancellor
– International Day of the Girl Child observed on Oct 11; theme: “My Voice, Our Equal Future”
October 13, 2021
INDIA
– Union Cabinet approves affiliation of 100 Schools in Government and private sector with Sainik
School Society
– PM Modi participates in G20 Extraordinary Summit on Afghanistan hosted by Italy
– Commerce & Industry Minister Piyush Goyal participates in G20 Trade Ministers Meeting in
Sorrento, Italy
– Former higher education secretary Amit Khare appointed as advisor to PM
– IFFCO chairman Balvinder Singh Nakai passes away at 87

ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. removes restrictions on domestic flights, allows to operate at 100% capacity from Oct 18
– Govt. accords ‘Maharatna’ status to PSU Power Finance Corporation (PFC)
– Indian economy to grow at 9.5% in 2021, 8.5% in 2022: IMF
– Industrial production grows 11.9% in August
– Consumer Price Index-based (retail) inflation declines to 4.35% in September
WORLD
– Iraq: Cleric Moqtada al-Sadr’s party ‘biggest winner’ in parliamentary election
– Iran kicks off annual air defence drill dubbed “Velyat”
– S. Jaishankar meets his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov in Nursultan, Kazakhstan
– World Arthritis Day celebrated on Oct 12; theme: “Don’t delay, connect today: Time2work”
– Holocaust survivor and writer Eddie Jaku dies in Sydney at 101
October 14, 2021
INDIA
– Centre notifies new rules that allow abortion till 24 weeks of pregnancy for certain categories of
women
– Govt. withdraws travel advisory that added Covid checks, restrictions on those arriving from UK
– EAM Jaishankar meets his Armenian counterpart Ararat Mirzoyan, calls on Prime Minister Nikol
Pashinyan in capital Yerevan
– Indian Army chief Gen M. M. Naravane meets Sri Lanka’s top military leadership in Colombo
– Veteran Tamil actor Srikanth dies in Chennai at the age of 82
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. announced subsidy of Rs 28,655 crore on phosphatic and potassic fertilisers for October-
March
– PM launches PM Gati Shakti – National Master Plan for multi-modal connectivity that aims to
develop infrastructure to reduce logistic costs and boost the economy
– PM inaugurates the New Exhibition Complex at Pragati Maidan in New Delhi
– Govt scraps basic customs duty on crude palm, soya, sunflower oil to cool down cooking oil prices
– India retains 3rd rank (behind China and US) in the Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness
Index released by consultancy firm EY
– NCR (National Capital Region) Planning Board approves Draft Regional Plan-2041 paving the way
for a future-ready, slum-free NCR
– Climate Resilience Information System and Planning (CRISP-M) tool for Mahatma Gandhi NREG
Scheme launched by Union Minister Giriraj Singh
– World Steel Association elects JSW Steel’s CMD Sajjan Jindal as Chairman
WORLD
– China sets up $233 million Kunming biodiversity fund to protect biodiversity in developing
countries
– Sixth Ministerial Meeting of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in
Asia (CICA) organised in Kazakhstan’s capital Nur-Sultan
– $4 trillion required in clean energy investment to limit global warming: IEA
– International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction observed on October 13
October 15, 2021
INDIA
– Home Ministry enhances BSF’s powers to “arrest, search and seize” near international boundary
– AIIMS launches ‘Healthy Smile’ mobile app for oral hygiene awareness among children
– Department of Biotechnology launches ‘One Health’ project for surveillance of important bacterial,
viral and parasitic infections
– Defence Minister presides over breakthrough blast of main tube of Sela Tunnel in Arunachal
Pradesh
– Online booking of community halls of Cantonment Boards made live on eChhawani portal
– DRDO Chairman Dr G Satheesh Reddy lays foundation stone for construction of the Kalam Centre
for Science and Technology (KCST) in the campus of Central University of Jammu. Reddy
– Home Minister Amit Shah lays foundation of 3rd Campus of the National Forensic Science
University (NFSU) at Dharbandoda, Goa
– Information and Broadcasting Minister Anurag Thakur launches MyParkings app of South Delhi
Municipal Corporation
– India gets re-elected to UN Human Rights Council for 2022-24 term
– Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) General Manoj Mukund Naravane calls on Sri Lankan President
Gotabaya Rajapaksa and Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa in Colombo
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh addresses Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) seminar on
the role of women in the armed forces
– India resumes COVID-19 vaccine export; vaccines sent to Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Iran
– Armies of India and USA holding exercise “Yudh Abhyas” in Alaska from October 15 to 29
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. approves launch of 1000 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) as a pilot project
– WPI (Wholesale Price Index) inflation at 6-month low of 10.66% in September
– Railways to set up 500 multi-modal cargo terminals under Gati-Shakti scheme says Railways
Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw
– Govt notifies rules to settle Vodafone retrospective tax case
– UCO Bank MD & CEO A. K. Goel elected Chairman of Indian Banks’ Association for 2021-22
– Navrang Saini given additional charge as Chairperson of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of
India (IBBI)
– RBI clears re-appointment of Amitabh Chaudhry as MD & CEO of Axis Bank
– PNB Housing Finance (PNB HFC) scraps Rs 4K-crore deal with Carlyle-led group of investors
– BPCL launches automated fuelling technology “UFill” for customers
WORLD
– India 101st on Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2021 of 116 countries; GHI launched by Irish aid agency
Concern Worldwide and German NGO Welt Hunger Hilfe
– WHO forms scientific advisory group to identify Covid-19 origin, other future outbreaks
– World Bank Group President David Malpass highlights ‘tragic reversal’ in development amid
pandemic
– G7 finance ministers and central bankers endorse principles for central bank digital currencies
– G20 finance ministers and central bank governors endorse global deal to revamp corporate
taxation
– 46 people killed in a fire incident in Kaohsiung city of Taiwan
– China and Russia holding ‘Joint Sea 2021 naval exercise’ in Peter the Great Gulf in Russia
– Philippines: 19 killed in landslides and flash floods triggered by tropical storm Kompasu
– William Shatner (90) becomes the oldest person to fly into space on ‘New Shepard’ space capsule
of Blue Origin from Texas (US)
October 1, 2021
Manipur: Festival of Dance and Music "Nata Sankirtana"
“Nata-Sankirtana” festival was started at the Mandap of Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy
(JNMDA), Imphal, from September 30, 2021.
Highlights
The festival is a three-day festival of Dance and Music.
It is the annual features of the Academy’s activities.

Manipur is known for its rich culture and tradition inherited from forefathers and Sports. Thus, to
protect and promote the culture and tradition for the future generations government is taking up
several activities in the state.
The government is also monitoring the income generation and employment generation for
unemployed youths and taking up several schemes like ‘start up’.
Different sessions of the festival
Inaugural session of the Nata Sankirtana was attended by artistes from different organizations of
Nata Sankirtana, students of JNMDA as well as gurus & other eminent personalities.
On the first day of festival, students of JNMDA showcased Nata Sankirtana called Sheihou while
artiste of Prachaya Nata Sankirtana Samaj, Khurai Thangjam Leikai, Imphal showcased Nata
Sankirtana called Sheisin.
Second day of the festival will mark the performance by artiste of Public Theatre Artiste Association
in Phoijing, Nambol. They will perform Nata Sankirtana ( Sheihou). On the other hand, artiste of Indra
Kala Bhavan from Moirang will perform Nata Sankirtana (Sheisin).
Last day of the festival will be marked by performance of artiste from Nata Sangeet Academy &
Research Centre, Yaiskul Janmasthan, Imphal. They will perform Nata Sankirtana (Sheihou).
Nata Sankirtana
In classical Ragas, Nata sankirtana is a hymn of lord Krishna that synthesizes seevral indigenous rhythms.
Sankirtana follows a strict code in its performance with rhythms pattern and costumes that are determined
by specific rules & regulation. Sankirtana is performed to mark important occasions in person’s life such as
from birth to death. UNESCO had recognized Manipur Nata Sankirtana in 2013.
NABARD approves credit plan for rearing Yak Husbandry
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) approved a credit plan on September 28,
2021 for yak husbandry in Arunachal Pradesh.
Key facts
This credit plan for yak husbandry will help herders in securing loans for strengthening their
livelihoods.
This scheme was developed by “National Research Centre on Yak (NRCY)” located at Dirang in West
Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.
NRCY works under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
Significance of the scheme
The credit plan started by NABARD for yak husbandry was found to be feasible in extending advances with
the held commercial banks. The credit plan by NABARD has been included in potential linked credit plans
(PLCP) of Tawang, West Kameng and Shi Yomi districts of Arunachal Pradesh. This credit plan will boost
the livelihood of herders in the state.
About Yak
Yak is one among the most prized animals in Himalayan region because of its multifarious roles in
strengthening nutritional security by providing milk and meat. The animal also provides shelter and clothing
through its fibres. It is also used as a beast of burden.
Concerns with Yak Population
In past few decades country has witnessed a decline in Yak population. Yak population has declined
because of inbreeding and unscientific farming practices. Furthermore, the disillusionment of younger
generation because of hardship of yak rearing is one of the major reasons of mass desertions from Yak
rearing occupation. The credit scheme by NABARD will help in curbing the reducing trend of yak population.
Credit plan will also facilitate profitable farming by promoting entrepreneurship.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award 2021
India’s highest science award called “Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award 2021” was presented to the 11
scientists on the occasion of 80th foundation day of Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR).
Key Facts
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) award has been named after the founder & Director of CSIR, late Dr
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar.
This award has christened as ‘Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize for Science and Technology’.
It is given to scientist for their outstanding contributions to science and technology, every year.
Recipients of award in 2021
In the year 2021, the recipients of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar (SSB) Prize for Science and Technology are:
1. Amit Singh from Indian institute of science, Bengaluru, in Biological Sciences category.
2. Arun Kumar Shukla from Indian institute of Technology Kanpur, in Biological science category.
3. Dr Kanishka Biswas in Chemical Sciences category. She is from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for
Advanced Scientific Research in Bengaluru
4. Dr T Govindaraju from Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, in the
category of Chemical Sciences.
5. Dr Binoy Kumar Saikia in “Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences”.
6. Dr Debdeep Mukhopadhyay in Engineering Sciences.
7. Dr Anish Ghosh and Dr Saket Saurabh in Mathematical Sciences.
8. Dr Jeemon Panniyammakal in Medical Sciences
9. Dr Rohit Srivastava
10. Dr Kanak Saha in Physical Sciences.
Purpose of the award
This award is presented to recognise outstanding Indian work in science and technology.
About the SSB prize
The SSB Prizes are awarded for notable and outstanding research, annually. The prizes comprise of Rs
5,00,000. It is presented in the categories of Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering science,
Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Medical
Sciences.
2021 Yidan Prize
India-based Dr Rukmini Banerji was awarded with the 2021 Yidan prize on September 28, 2021.
Key Points
Award was presented to her by Yidan Prize Foundation.
Apart from her, US-based Professor Eric Hanushek was also conferred with the prestigious Yidan
Prize 2021.
Both have been awarded the Yidan Prize for recognition of their ground-breaking work that addresses
a crucial piece of education puzzle called “improving quality of education as well as outcomes for
learners at scale”.
Both of them will join nine laureates who have been awarded the Yidan Prize since 2016.
Cash Prize
Both the persons will receive HK$30 million which is equal to approximately US$3.9 million. The money
includes HK$15 million cash prize and a project fund of HK$15 million, from the Foundation.
Dr Rukmini Banerji
He is the Chief Executive Officer of ‘Pratham Education Foundation’. She was awarded the 2021 Yidan Prize
for Education Development. Award recognises her work in improving learning outcomes. He also pioneered

the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) assessment approach, revealing literacy and numeracy gaps
among children in India. To bridge these gaps, they started “Teaching at the Right Level” (TaRL) program
which works with schools and local communities in order to provide basic reading and arithmetic skills.
This programme ensures that no children are left behind.
About Yidan Prize
Yidan prize was established by Yidan prize Foundation in 2016. Yidan Prize Foundation is a global
philanthropic education foundation, inspiring progress and change in education. It is is an education award,
recognizing individuals, or up to three-member teams, who have contributed towards education research &
development. It aims to progress learning by means of building a global community that is committed
towards advancing ideas in education.
Digi Saksham programme - Key Facts
On September 30, 2021, Digi Saksham Programme was launched by the Union Labour and Employment
Minister Bhupender Yadav.
Key Facts
This digital skills programme was launched with the objective of enhance the employability of youth
by improving their digital skills which has become an essential thing in increasingly technology driven
era.
Digi Saksham is a joint initiative of Microsoft India and Ministry of Labour and Employment.
It is an extension of the government’s ongoing programmes of supporting youth from rural & semi-
urban areas.
Programme will be implemented in the field by “Aga Khan Rural Support Programme India (AKRSP-I)”.
Training to youth
Under the DigiSaksham initiative, free of cost training will be provided to more than 3 lakh youth, in digital
skills including basic skills & advance computing, in the first year. This training programme can be
accessed through the National Career Service (NCS) Portal. The initiative gives priority to the job-seekers
from semi urban areas who belongs to disadvantaged communities as well as who have lost their jobs
amidst ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.
Types of Training
Digi Saksham initiative comprises of three types of training viz.,
1. Digital Skills self-paced learning
2. VILT mode training (virtual instructor led) and
3. ILT mode training (instructor led)- ILT training is in person training and would be conducted for SCs &
STs in India, at the Model Career Centres (MCCs) and National Career Service Centres (NCSC).
In what areas training would be provided?
Under the initiative, training would be provided in areas such as Java Script, Data Visualisation, Power Bi,
Advance Excel, HTML, software development fundamentals, programming languages, introduction to coding
etc.
UNCTAD Digital Economy Report 2021
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) published its “UNCTAD Digital Economy
Report 2021, recently.
Key Findings of report
In its report, UNCTAD noted the Philippines as one among six countries that allows free flow of data
across borders. Free flow of data is required to boost the digital economy.
Other five countries allowing free-flow of data across border include- Canada, Australia, Mexico,
Singapore and the United States. These countries use “light-touch approach” for data flow.

Light-touch approach
Light-touch approach is mostly favoured by countries having strong regulatory environments and sufficient
regulatory resources in order to monitor compliance of domestic laws. As per report, Philippines’s use of
light-touch approach is towards its “dependence” on the outsourcing industry, which is the major economic
growth drivers in the country.
Counties following restrictive or Guarded approach
The “restrictive” or “guarded” approach for cross-border data flows is followed by countries like India,
China, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Rwanda, Russian Federation, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and
Vietnam.
UNCTAD recommendations
UNCTAD recommends that the global community should enable free flow of digital data across the
borders. It suggests to make an international framework in order to allow such activities. New
approach should:
1. Facilitate “worldwide data sharing,
2. Develop global digital public goods,
3. Increase trust and
4. Reduce uncertainty in the digital economy.
As per UNCTAD, no global framework would mean added burden in protecting the privacy for private
sector as well as government use of data.
Thus, a new regulatory framework is required that factors in both economic and non-economic
dimensions.
PM launches Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 and AMRUT 2.0
On October 1, 2021, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 (SBM-U
2.0) along with the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation 2.0 (AMTUT 2.0). These
schemes were launched at Dr. Ambedkar International Centre in New Delhi.
Key Points
Both the schemes, SBM-U 2.0 and AMRUT 2.0, are in line with the vision of PM Narendra Modi.
These schemes are designed to realize the aspiration of making all cities Garbage Free and Water
Secure.
Both of the missions signify a step forward to effectively address the challenges of rapidly urbanizing
India.
It will also help in achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2030 targets.
Significance of the schemes
In the past 6-7 years, Swachh Bharat as well as AMRUT Missions have brought transformative changes in
the lives of people. Both the missions have improved the urban landscape in India by adopting a scientific
approach.
AMRUT 2.0 mission
AMRUT 2.0 mission will help in making cities self-reliant. It will ensure water security across the cities. This
mission has been launched with the aim of providing 100 percent coverage of water supply to all
households in 4,700 urban local bodies. This target will be achieved by providing 2.68 crore tap connections
and 100% coverage of sewerage across 500 AMRUT cities. An outlay of Rs 2.87 lakh crore has been
sanctioned for this mission.
SBM-U 2.0
SBM-U 2.0 mission seeks to make all cities ‘Garbage Free’. It also seeks to ensure grey and black water
management across the cities that are not covered under AMRUT. Mission will focus on source segregation

of solid waste by utilizing the principles of 3Rs that is “Reduce, reuse, recycle”. An outlay of Rs 1.41 lakh
crore has been sanctioned for SBM-U 2.0.
NITI Aayog: Assessment report of District hospitals
According to the “Assessment report of District Hospitals” by NITI Aayog, a district hospital in India has 24
beds per 1 lakh population, on an average.
Key Findings
NITI Aayog’s study called “Best Practices in the Performance of District Hospitals” was released on
September 30, 2021.
This report was prepared, after assessing 707 hospitals across 36 states and Union Territories in
2018-19.
As per study, Bihar is having the lowest average of number of six beds per 1 lakh population.
Puducherry is having the highest number of 222 beds per one lakh population.
District hospitals in India is having a range of 1 to 408 beds per 1 lakh population.
In 217 district hospitals, there have at least 22 beds for every 1 lakh population.
In 15 states and UTs, the average number of beds in a district hospital was lower than what
recommended by the IPHS 2012 guidelines. These states include- Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh,
Telangana, Haryana Maharashtra, Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, West
Bengal, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.
Standard number of beds
According to Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) 2012 guidelines, there should be at least 22 beds per
one lakh population in district hospitals. This figure is based on district population average of 2001 Census.
Significance of the study
The findings of the report are significant because it was conducted just before the outbreak of Covid-19
pandemic. Findings of the report mean that when India faced the pandemic, public health infrastructure
across the nation including at district level, was not adequate.
Giriraj Singh launches People's Plan Campaign 2021
Union Minister for Panchayati Raj & Rural Development, Giriraj Singh, launched “People’s Plan Campaign
2021- Sabki Yojana Sabka Vikas” on September 30, 2021.
Highlights
He also launched a Vibrant Gram Sabha Dashboard on the occasion.
A booklet on People Plan Campaign-2021 was also released on order to prepare the plans for
Financial Year 2022-23.
Minister also launched the 10th issue of Gramoday Sankalp Magazine.
Need of accountable gram sabhas
According to the minister, there is an emergent need of meaningful & accountable Gram Sabhas as well as
proper utilisation of funds. There is also a need of raising own source revenues by Panchayats, bridging
digital divide in rural areas, use of innovation & technology, converging all the resources available under
several Flagship Programmes by Panchayati Raj Institutions etc.
About People’s plan campaign
People’s Plan Campaign 2021 will be conducted with better people’s participation.
Under the campaign, each activity will promote a sense of camaraderie and commitment in the
citizens towards a common goal of overall development of villages.
Campaign will be undertaken on a large scale and special efforts will be made in order to ensure
maximum participation of vulnerable sections of society such as SC/ST/Women.

Aim of Panchayat Development Plan
Panchayat Development plan aims to strengthen the role of elected representatives of Panchayats as well
as SHG Women under the DAY-NRLM in Gram Sabha.
Creation of assets
On the occasion, minister also suggested that, Panchayats should create assets from the allocated funds in
order to increase the income sources of Panchayats.
Vibrant Gram Sabha Dashboard
Vibrant Gram Sabha Dashboard was launched in order to help in increasing maximum participation by
means of meeting of Gram Sabha, meeting of elected Panchayat Public Representatives and Standing
Committee meeting of Gram Panchayat.
‘Bal Raksha Kit’- Things to Know
All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), under the AYUSH ministry, has developed “Bal Raksha Kit” which is an
immunity boosting kit.
Key Points
This kit was developed keeping the third wave of the coronavirus disease in mind.
This is an immunity booting kit, to protect the children up to the age of 16 from covid-19 infection till
the time a vaccine is developed for them.
On the occasion of National Ayurveda Day on November 2, 2021. About 10,000 kits will be distributed
free-of-cost.
Aim of the kit
This kit has been developed with the aim of amplifying the immunity of children in order to help them fight
against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that causes covid-19 disease.
Significance of the kit
This kit is significant because no Covid-19 vaccine available for the children in India yet.
Ingredients of the kit
Bal Raksha kit contains a syrup made up of basil, giloy, liquorice, cinnamon and dry grapes, which are have
amazing medicinal qualities. The kit also comprises of Annu oil, Sitopaladi and Chyawanprash. These
products help in boosting the immunity level with regular consumption.
Who prepared it?
This kit has been developed under the strict guidelines of ministry of Ayush while it was manufactured by
Indian Medicines Pharmaceutical Corporation Limited (IMPCL) in Uttarakhand.
What other kit AIIA has developed?
Apart from Bal Raksha Kit, AIIA has previously developed ‘Swasthya Raksha Kit’, ‘Arogya Raksha Kit’ as well
as ‘Ayu Raksha Kit’.
AUSINDEX: 4th India-Australia biennial maritime series
India and Australia participated in the fourth iteration of the biennial maritime series called ‘AUSINDEX’ on
September 30, 2021.
Key Facts
This exercise will allow the Royal Australian Navy and Indian Navy in strengthening their “inter-
operability” by sharing the best practices.
It will also help in developing a ‘common understanding of procedures for maritime security
operations’.
AUSINDEX Maritime exercise are conducted in India and Australia alternatively.
The 4th edition is being conducted in the Northern Australia Exercise Area.
In the fourth edition, surface units of both countries will be included.

Units will exercise with HMAS Rankin, F-18 aircraft, Royal Australian Air Force P-8A, integral
helicopters of Australian & Indian Navy and Collins Class Australian Submarine.
This exercise is aligned to the 2020 Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between both the
countries.
Significance of the exercise
AUSINDEX maritime exercise provides an opportunity to showcase the ability of conducting ‘high-end
maritime warfare training’ with India. It also showcases a range of Australian Navy maritime capabilities.
Background
Indian and Australian Navy started conducting the bilateral maritime exercise called AUSUNDEX in 2015.
Over the years, the exercise ‘AUSINDEX’ has grown in complexity. Its third edition was conducted in the Bay
of Bengal in 2015. The exercises held in the Bay of Bengal, for the first time, included anti-submarine drills.
India-Australia Maritime Cooperation
India and Australia also conducted “Ex AUSTRA HIND” which is a bilateral Exercise between Armies of both
the countries as well as “EX PITCH BLACK” which is a multilateral air combat training exercise of Australia.
India-Australia inked ‘Terms of Reference’
India and Australia signed the terms of reference (ToR) on September 29, 2021 to conduct navy to navy
talks.
Highlights
ToR is the first such document, which was signed by the Indian Navy with any country.
Signing ceremony was held between Rear Admiral Jaswinder Singh of the Indian Navy and Rear
Admiral Christopher Smith from the Royal Australian Navy.
This ‘Joint Guidance’ document sets Navy to Navy talks as the principal medium of the bilateral
relationship.
Key facts about ToR
As per the pact, navy to navy talks will be conducted under the framework of ‘Joint Guidance for the
India-Australia Navy to Navy Relationship’.
This document will be significant in consolidating the shared commitment in order to promote
security, peace, stability and prosperity across the Indo-Pacific region.
Objective of ToR
The ToR sets out several broad objectives to achieve deeper mutual understanding, trust and transparency
in the bilateral talks. It also seeks to improve goodwill & understanding of each other’s concerns & future
directions. It will provide detailed guidance on “conduct of the talks” between both the countries. ToR also
provide flexibility over implementation of separate agreements on the basis of specific outcomes of the
talks.
Background
First ever Navy to Navy talks was held between both the countries in 2005. Since then, India & Australia has
come closer. ToR statement also highlighted the Mutual Logistic Support Agreement, Comprehensive
Strategic Partnership, conduct of trilateral Maritime Security Workshop as well as Exercise MALABAR as the
milestones of bilateral defence relations between India and Australia.
September 30: International Translation Day
International Translation Day was observed on September 30, honouring the work of Language specialists
who contributes significantly on developing the international understanding.
Key facts
The day is observed to mark the death of St. Jerome on September 30. He was a Bible translator, who
is regarded as “patron saint of linguists”

It is observed with the aim of raising awareness regarding the translation industry and languages
which play a significant role in the growth of society.
It also seeks to honour the efforts of language specialists.
According to United Nations, this day provides chance to honour the work of language specialists,
who significantly contributes towards developing international understanding, improving
communication & cooperation among countries.
Theme of the day
The International Translation Day 2021 was observed under the theme “United in translation.”
Background
This day was started being observed in 1953. Since then, it is being organised by “International Federation
of Translators (FIT)”. First formal celebration of the day was observed in 1991. In mat 2017, the United
Nations General Assembly (UNGA) enacted the Resolution 71/288 regarding the importance of language
experts in linking countries and encouraging peace, understanding, & advancement. UNGA designated
September 30 as International Translation Day with the resolution 71/288.
Who was St. Jerome?
St. Jerome was an Italian priest, living in north-eastern region of the country. He is most renowned for his
efforts of translating New Testament from its Greek manuscripts into Latin. He died on September 30, near
Bethlehem.
October 2, 2021
NITI Aayog: The State Nutrition Profile
NITI Aayog released its “State Nutrition Profile” report on October 1, 2021. In the report, nineteen States and
Union Territories received their nutrition profiles.
Highlights
The State Nutrition Profiles (SNPs) report comprises of a comprehensive compilation of crucial data that
can positively affect policy decisions and facilitate research in that area. It analyse data on wasting (low
weight-for-height), stunting, underweight, overweight and anaemia, besides diabetes and high blood
pressure.
ABOUT THE REPORT
The SNPs have been prepared by NITI Aayog in association with the UNICEF, International Food
Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Indian Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS), and the Institute of
Economic Growth (IEG).
It gives comprehensive idea regarding the nutrition outcomes, immediate & underlying determinants
and interventions on the basis of National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-rounds 3, 4 and 5.
Outcomes under the report have been prepared on the basis of headcount analyses and it also uses
data from the NFHS-5 (2019-20).
Report highlights the best and worst performing districts, highest burden districts as well as top
coverage districts of the country.
It has incorporated key takeaways for children, women & men as well as identifies areas where the
state can improve further.
ABOUT IFPRI
IFPRI was founded in 1976 and it stands for “International Food Policy Research Institute”. It is a non-profit
international research centre with its headquarter in Washington DC, USA. It releases Global Food Policy
Report.
ABOUT NFHS
NFHS is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted throughout India, in a representative sample of

households. It is conducted by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in association with the International
Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) Mumbai. Till date, five rounds of survey have been conducted:
First Round of NFHS in 1992-93
Second Round of NFHS in 1998-99
Third Round of NFHS in 2005-06
Fourth Round of NFHS in 2015-16
Fifth Round of NFHS in 2018-19.
SACRED Portal made functional
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment operationalised the “SACRED portal” on the occasion of
International Day of Older Persons on October 1, 2021. Portal has been developed in order to provide a
platform for senior citizens in India seeking employment opportunities.
Highlights
This portal has been developed by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
SACRED stands for “Senior Able Citizens for Re-Employment in Dignity.
Portal has been developed with the aim of finding ways to ensure that Senior Citizens live a happy,
healthy, dignified, empowered and self-reliant life.
The Portal does not guarantee to provide a job or employment but will serve as an enabler for
stakeholders in order to meet and decider their course of action.
Who can register on the portal?
Citizens aged 60 and more can register on this portal and find jobs & work opportunities.
Funding for development of Portal
An amount of Rs. 10 crores were provided to fund the development of platform besides a maintenance
grant of Rs. 2 crores will be provided per year, over a period of 5 years.
What was the need?
Elderly population in India has been steadily increasing. As per Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI), by
2050, India will have more than 319 million elderlies. Furthermore, the joint family system is declining
gradually because of which elders are being exposed to lack of physical, social and financial support. Thus,
there is a need to provide a platform for their economic and health needs and to create an ecosystem
supporting their needs more holistically.
International Day of Older Persons
This day was observed on October 1, 2021 under the Theme- “Digital Equity for All Ages”. United Nations
General Assembly has also declared 2021-2030 the “Decade of Healthy Aging”.
IFSCA sets up Expert Committee on Sustainable Finance
International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) has constituted an Expert Committee in a bid to
recommend approach towards development of Sustainable Finance Hub.
Key Points
The expert committee is being chaired by C.K. Mishra, Former Secretary to the “Ministry of
Environment, Forest & Climate Change”.
In all, committee has 10-members, who will recommend ways to develop a sustainable financial hub.
Committee comprise of leaders from the sustainable finance sector, including international agencies,
funds, academia, standard setting bodies, and consultancies.
GIFT-IFSC
IFSC visualises GIFT-City as a global hub for sustainable finance and a gateway to channelize foreign
capital into India. This committee was set up because, raising financial resources for climate change
adaptation and its mitigation needs active participation of international investors. Committee would help in

developing the required ecosystem.
ABOUT IFSCA
Government of India has set up the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) in 2020 in
order to develop and regulate international financial services centres in India. Primary goal of IFSCA is to
promote ease of doing business across IFSC and to provide a world class regulatory environment.
Presently, there is only one IFSC called “Gift City” in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
ABOUT GIFT CITY
GIFT-City stands for “Gujarat International Finance Tec-City”. It is located in Gandhinagar and is the first
International Financial Services Centre of India. Main purpose of the GIFT city is to provide high quality
physical infrastructure such as electricity, gas, water, district cooling, telecoms, roads and broadband in
order to relocate operations of finance and tech firms in it.
New species of blind freshwater eel discovered in Mumbai
New species of blind freshwater eel has been by four scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI).
Highlights
Eel species was discovered from a well in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
As per scientists, eel is a blind freshwater hypogean.
This is the first such discovered species from Maharashtra and Northern western Ghats.
About Blind Eel
Species has been named as ‘Rakthamichtys mumba’ to pay tribute to the city it was found in.
Newly discovered freshwater bright-pink coloured species is completely blind and a subterranean
freshwater fish.
The blind eel has a genetic distance of 21.6 – 22.8% as compared to other known species of
Rakthamicthys genus.
This is the 5th species from Rakthamicthys genus to have originated from India.
How this species was discovered?
The species was discovered by four scientists namely, Anil Mohapatra, Tejas Thackeray, Praveenraj
Jayasimhan and Annam Pavan Kumar. This discovery is the most remarkable one till date. Scientists had
collected the hypogean species a few years ago. They continued working on it, even in the ongoing covid-19
pandemic situation.
Significance of the discovery
According to scientists, an extensive study regarding the species and habitat systems of the Hypogean
and cavernicolus would help in formulating conservation strategies for the species. Factors such
as distribution pattern, level of endemism, biographic barriers causing speciation can also be studied now.
Rakthamichthys Mumba
One of the scientists, Anil Mohapatra, is also among the co-authors of ‘Rakthamichthys mumba’ that was
published in Aqua International Journal of Ichthyology. The word ‘mumba’ has been derived from the
Marathi language to honours a deity worshipped in Mumbai called “Mumba Aai”.
About Rakthamichthys
It is a genus of swamp eels and are endemic to India. Three species are known from Western Ghats while
one is known from Northeast India. These species live underground. One species is having a fossorial
lifestyle while three species are troglobitic in nature.
India-US to set-up JWG in Defence industrial security

India and United States (US) held their Industrial Security Agreement (ISA) summit between September 27
to October 01, 2021 at New Delhi.

Key facts
The summit was organised in order to develop a protocol to exchange classified information between
the defence industries of both the countries.
It was led by “Designated Security Authorities (DSAs)” viz., Anurag Bajpai from Indian side and David
Paul Bagnati from US sides.
It was held to create a roadmap to implement the ISA.
DSAs also visited the Indian defence industry in preparation for the creation of roadmap.
During the summit, they agreed to establish the Indo-US Industrial Security Joint Working Group.
Joint Working Group
The joint working group will meet periodically to align the policies and procedures that will allow the
defence industries in collaborating on cutting edge defence technologies.
Industrial Security Agreement (ISA)
ISA is the part of India-U.S. General Security of Military Information Agreement (GSOMIA). It was signed at
the second 2+2 dialogue in Washington in December 2019. The agreement will provide a framework to
exchange and protect the classified military information between the defence industries of both the
countries. It allows sharing of classified information from US government as well US companies with the
Indian private sector. Till the signing of agreement, sharing of information was limited to the Indian
government and defence public sector undertakings. Thus, ISA will give a boost to Indian private sector
seeking a greater role in defence manufacturing.
About GSOMIA
GSOMIA was signed between India and US in 2002. It allows militaries to share intelligence gathered by
them.
American bumblebee could be declared endangered
According to US Fish and Wildlife Services, the American bumblebee population has decreased by 89% in
past 20 years, and it could be declared as “endangered species”.
Key Facts
US Fish & Wildlife Services will conduct a one-year review, after which the species would become
protected under “Endangered Species Act (ESA)”.
The ESA act provides a legal framework to safeguard endangered species from extinction.
Background
This announcement was made in the backdrop of a petition of August 2021 that was filed in support of
listing made by “Center for Biological Diversity (CBD)” and Albany Law School student group named as
“Bombus Pollinator Association of Law Students”.
CBD take on American Bumblebee
As per CBD, the American bumblebee has completely vanished across eight states namely Rhode Island,
Maine, New Hampshire, Idaho, Vermont, North Dakota, Wyoming and Oregon in the North America. Its
population has also declined by 99% in New York. In other 19 states in Southeast & Midwest, its population
has declined by 50%.
Why its population has declined?
According to CBD, population of American bumblebee has decline due to habitat destruction, climate
change, exposure to disease & pesticides, loss of genetic diversity along with competition with the non-
native bees.
About American Bumblebee
This species is scientifically called as Bombus pensylvanicus. It is a threatened species of bumblebee and
is a native to North America. It is also found in eastern Canada, eastern United States, and Mexico. The

species live and nest in open farmland & fields. It feeds on food plants like favouring sunflowers & clovers.
What is Solar conjunction?
American Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) recently decided to stop
sending active commands to its missions on the MARS for next few weeks till the time “Mars solar
conjunction” remains in effect.
What is Solar Conjunction?
As per NASA, during the Mars solar conjunction period, Earth and the MARS will be on opposite sides
of the Sun.
This position of both the planets will affect any communication attempt made by NASA for
connecting with its Mars missions because Sun radiates hot & ionized gas from its corona.
How Solar Conjunction affects the missions on MARS?
These gases can interfere with radio signals if the agency try to communicate with spacecraft at
Mars.
These radiations will stand in the middle of both the planets and corrupt commands. It could also
result in unexpected behaviour from NASA’s deep space explorers.
Thus, NASA has decided to stop sending signals.
Will it completely halt the work?
No, this period would not halt the work on the red Planet completely because, engineers have already sent
the list of simple commands to spacecrafts to carry works few weeks.
NASA’s mission on MARS
Presently, NASA has its Perseverance rover, Curiosity Rover, Ingenuity helicopter, stationary InSight lander
stationed on the MARS apart from three orbiters. During the Mars solar conjunction period, these missions
will work on different commands, sent to them beforehand. Perseverance rover will take weather
measurements with the help of its Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) sensors. Rover will look
for dust devils with its cameras and capture new sounds with the help of microphones.
India’s Pavilion launched at Dubai Expo 2020
Union Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated India’s Pavilion at Dubai Expo 2020, on October 1, 2021.
Key Points
At the expo, India has deployed the largest number of participants.
It has a state-of-the-art 8,750 square metre pavilion with the message that “India is out to grab once-
in-a-lifetime opportunity in order to explore solutions to challenges that hampers its growth.
Showcasing Ancient and Future India
India Pavilion at Dubai Expo has been conceived as a hi-tech structure. It is a civilisational confluence of
ancient India as well as future India. It is a massive four-floor structure that has been designed to attract
anyone who walks in with the popular exports in India including yoga, literature, Ayurveda, heritage, arts,
cuisine and space technology. Exterior of the pavilion is real showstopper.
Theme of Pavilion
Innovative facade comprises of 600 individual kinetic blocks. Each of the facade can turn on its own axis in
order to construct a picture on the basis of multiple themes. Pavilion has been installed under the
overarching theme of ‘India on the move’ and ‘India the diverse’. Facade on both the sides of the pavilion
comprise of face of Mahatma Gandhi while metamorphosing front will showcase “constant change” and
“timeless endurance” to mark the 75-year-old journey of India.
Primary Themes of the pavilion
Zones in the pavilion are identified on the basis of 11 primary themes namely, Climate & Biodiversity; Urban
& Rural Development; Space; Tolerance & Inclusivity; Knowledge & Learning; Golden Jubilee; Travel &

Connectivity; Health & Wellness; Global Goals; Food Agriculture & Livelihoods and Water.
Significance of India Pavilion
India pavilion is being viewed as long-term strategic investment. About 490 crore rupees has been invested
on it. Pavilion design is so flexible that it can be used for offices and a space for trade or cultural event.
World Bank: $150 million to Chennai’s Sustainable Urban Services
World Bank has approved about $150 million program to support Chennai’s Sustainable Urban Services and
to turn it into a “world-class city”.
Highlights
This programme will fulfil Tamil Nadu’s vision of making Chennai into a city which is more green,
liveable, and resilient towards climate change.
Apart from programme in Tamil Nadu, World Bank has also approved a $40 million project that will
improve the quality of health services in the state Meghalaya. It will also strengthen capacity of state
in handling health emergencies like COVID-19 pandemic.
Chennai City Partnership
Chennai City Partnership: Sustainable Urban Services Program is a $150 million programme that will help in
strengthening institutions. It will also help in improving the financial health of service agencies and bring in
significant improvements in quality of four key urban services:
Water supply and sewerage
Mobility
Health, and
Solid Waste Management.
Why this programme was launched in Chennai?
Metropolitan Area of Chennai is home to about 10.9 million people. It is the fourth most populous
metropolitan area of India. Despite being an economic powerhouse, the city has not kept pace with the
growing demand for key services. This city is also highly vulnerable to natural disasters, climate change as
well as to pandemics like COVID-19. Thus, this project will help in mitigating all such challenges.
Project in Meghalaya
World bank project will benefit all the 11 districts in Meghalaya. It will also benefit health sector staff
across the primary and secondary levels by strengthening planning and management capabilities. It will
help in building the clinical skills of staff and enable women to utilise healthcare services in better manner
at the community level.
RBI's new auto Debit Rules- Highlights
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has mandated new auto-debit rules on October 1, 2021 in order to
strengthen the safety and security of card transactions.
Key Points
As per RBI’s directive, there will be no automatic recurring payment for several services like utility bills, DTH,
recharge of phone and OTT because additional factor of authentication (AFA) will become mandatory
onwards.
Advance information about auto-debit
Under new directives, banks will have to inform the customers in advance regarding the recurring payments
due. Transactions will not be automatic but will be done after customer has authenticated it.
Registration Process
Customers are required to follow a one-time registration process. After this process, further transactions
can be performed without any additional factor authentication. Customers can provide the validity period for
future transactions, while registering for the process.

OTP Mandate
Under the new norms, banks are required to send a one-time password to the customers for recurring
payments of more than Rs 5000.
Opt-out option
Customers will get an option to opt out from a particular transaction or mandate through a link provided in
pre-debit notification.
Will it impact loan instalments?
New norms will not impact any standing instructions that have been registered using bank accounts for
mutual funds, SIPs, equated monthly instalments for loans.
Objective of new norms
RBI had made AFA mandatory with the objective of making digital payments in India safe and secure. It also
seeks to protect customers from fraudulent transactions.
IMF Report on Crypto Ecosystem
The International Monetary Funds (IMF) has released its report called “Global Financial Stability Report”,
highlighting how digital currency assets brings in financial stability challenges.
Key findings of report
In its report, IMF notes that rapid growing crypto ecosystem presents new opportunities to the world.
However, this digital currency assets also pose several financial stability challenges.
According to report, Technological innovation is starting a new era of making payments and other
financial services faster, cheaper, more accessible. Such transaction also allows to flow across
borders swiftly.
Innovative services
In its report, IMF highlights that, crypto asset technologies are a potential tool for faster and cheaper cross-
border payments. Using these technologies, bank deposits can be transformed into a stable coin, allowing
instant access to financial products from digital platforms. It also allows instant currency conversion.
According to IMF, the decentralised finance can become a platform for more inclusive innovative and
transparent financial services.
Challenges with the cryptocurrencies
According to IMF, rapid growth and increasing adoption of crypto assets pose financial stability
challenges.
Such decentralised currencies could also lead to instability as they are extremely volatile. They are
much more volatile than the equities or commodities or exchange rates.
Its transaction costs are fairly expensive as compared to digital money.
As per report, such transaction destabilizes the capital flows. It also poses several operational and
financial integrity risks from the provides of crypto asset.
What are cryptocurrencies?
Cryptocurrencies are digital or virtual currencies where encryption techniques are used for regulating the
generation of units and verifying the transfer of funds. Such systems are operating independently of any
central bank.
India wins Bronze at Asian TT Championships
The Indian men’s table tennis team has won bronze medal at the Asian Table Tennis Championships on
October 1, 2021.
Highlights
Indian team won bronze after losing to South Korea by 0-3 in the semi-finals.
Team was assured of winning a medal after beating Iran by 3-1 in the quarterfinals on September 29.

Both the semi-finalists won a bronze medal.
Asian Table Tennis Championships
It is a biennial table tennis tournament and is regarded as continental championships by the International
Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). The tournament was organized by the Table Tennis Federation of Asia
(TTFA) from 1952 to 1972. Asian Table Tennis Union (ATTU) started its own Asian Championships because
of conflict between national table tennis associations in Asia.
International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)
ITTF is the governing body of all the national table tennis associations. It looks after the rules & regulations
and seeks technological improvement for table tennis. The body is responsible for organizing numerous
international competitions such as World Table Tennis Championships.
World Table Tennis Championships
This tournament has been held since 1926. Since 1957, it is held biennially. Under the tournament, five
individual events including men’s singles, women’s singles, women’s double, men’s doubles and mixed
doubles, are held in odd numbered years.
India- Sri Lanka to take part in 'Mitra Shakti 21' Exercise
th
8 Edition of the “India Sri Lanka bilateral joint Exercise” called Mitra Shakti will be conducted from October
4 to October 15, 2021 at Combat Training School, Ampara in Sri Lanka.
Key Points
In the joint exercise, all arms contingent of 120 personnel from the Indian Army will participate along
with the battalion of the Sri Lankan Army.
This exercise will be conducted with the aim of promoting close relations between Armies of India
and Sri Lanka.
It also seeks to enhance inter-operability and share best practices to counter insurgency and
terrorism operations.
It will involve tactical level operations at the sub unit level.
Operations will be held in international Counter Insurgency and Counter Terrorism environment.
The exercise will act as the catalyst to bring synergy and cooperation at grass root level between the
Indian army and Sri Lankan Army.
Background
7th Edition of Exercise Mitra Shakti was conducted in the year 2019 at Foreign Training Node (FTN), Pune,
Maharashtra. It was conducted with the aim of building and promoting positive relations between armies of
both the countries. It also incorporated the current dynamics of United Nations peacekeeping operations by
means of practical & comprehensive discussions as well as tactical exercises.
India-Sri Lanka relations
Bilateral relations between India and Sri-Lanka are historic. Only 4% of Sri Lankans are having a negative
view regarding India. Both the countries are also close on economic terms. India is the largest trading
partner of Sri Lanka. Both the countries share a maritime border. India is separated by Sri Lanka, by the Palk
Strait. They are republics within the Commonwealth of Nations.
October 4, 2021
Tiger rallies started across 51 Reserves
On October 2, 2021, Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav started off tiger rallies in 18 tiger range
States in India.
Key Points
Tiger Rallies were started across 51 reserves as a part of “Wildlife Week Celebration” and “Azadi ka
Amrit Mahotsav”.
In seven days, from October 2 to October 8, these rallies would cover a distance of about 7,500 km.
Rallies would be traversing the diverse and picturesque landscapes across the country.
Rallies were virtually kicked off in three tiger reserves namely,
1. Biligiri Ranganathaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve, Karnataka
2. Navegaon Nagzira Tiger Reserve, Maharashtra and
3. Sanjay Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh.
Guidelines on sustainable eco-tourism
On the occasion, minister also released guidelines on sustainable eco-tourism across the forest and wildlife
areas. Guidelines on field guide to monitor the Ganges & Indus River dolphins, aquatic fauna & habitat
including Nagar Van guidelines were released.
Online Portal on Wetlands
An online portal on wetlands was also released which will act as a single-point access for all information
related to such ecosystems.
Theme of the rallies
The rallies were kicked off with the theme “India for Tigers- A Rally on Wheels”. The rally will journey across
51 tiger reserves in 18 tiger range States. In the range states, field directors, deputy directors & associated
staff of the tiger reserves will follow an assigned routes and unite at a designated focal point of celebration.
Focal point of the celebration is the first nine tiger reserves that were designated during the launch of
Project Tiger in 1973.
Aim of the rally
The rallies were started with the aim of raising awareness regarding the importance of tiger conservation. It
will bring together people from different areas.
Assam: Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi Award
On October 3, 2021, the “Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi Award for National Integration and National
Contribution 2021” was conferred by the Vice President M. Venkaiah Naidu.
Key Facts
Awards were conferred to “Shillong Chamber Choir”, Assam branch of Kasturba Gandhi National
Memorial Trust as well as writer Nirod Kumar Baruah.
This award is one of the biggest civilian awards in Assam. It carries a citation along with a cash prize
of Rs 5 lakh.
Award is conferred in the name of first chief minister of Assam, Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi. He was
a multi-dimensional figure with outstanding accomplishments. He was also conferred the Bharat
Ratna posthumously in 1999.
Shillong Chamber Choir
Shillong Chamber Choir was founded in 2001 by founder, mentor and conductor of the choir Neil
Nongkynrih. Its repertoire includes the works of western classical music such as Bach, Handel, Gershwin
and Mozart besides Khasi folk songs & opera. The choir has performed in Poland, Britain, Switzerland, Italy,
Sri Lanka, as well as in Indian cities of Delhi, Mombai, Bangalore and Guwahati. In the year 2021, it had won
the reality TV show, India’s Got Talent. It had also awarded with three gold awards at the 6th World Choir
Games for Gospel, Musica Sacra and Popular Music.
Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi Award
It is one of the biggest civilian awards of Assam, which is bestowed upon the institutions and individuals
from diverse fields to honour their exemplary contributions towards integration of nation.
Kasturba Gandhi National Memorial Trust
This trust was set up on January 9, 1946, when Mahatma Gandhi visited Assam. It has been working for

rural women and children.
Dr Nirod Kumar Baruah
He is based in Germany. He did his masters in History and Political Science from Kashi Hindu University
while M Phil from Bonn University, Germany. He has written several books on Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi.
Wildlife Week 2021
Lieutenant Governor of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, Manoj Sinha, inaugurated the Wildlife Week
2021 on October 2, 2021 at Sher-e-Kashmir International Convention Centre (SKICC) in Srinagar.
Key facts
Wildlife Week 2021 is being observed from October 2nd to October 8th.
This week is a sincere effort that raise awareness among people for the protection of wildlife
resources.
On the occasion, government of J&K has opened Dachigam National Park for public. To provide easy
access to the park, permission will be granted using an online portal which is operated by J&K Forest
and Wildlife Department.
About Wildlife Week
India observes Wildlife Week from October 2nd to October 8th every year with the aim of protecting India’s
fauna. During the week, experts conduct workshops in order to make people understand the importance of
wildlife conservation. During the week, several awareness-building activities are organised across different
levels in order to make people aware about wildlife.
Why this week is celebrated?
This week is celebrated because, wildlife plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of
nature. Any harm to it can pose threat to entire ecosystem. Thus, it becomes important to preserve flora
and fauna.
Biological Hotspot
India is a biological hotspot. It supports a number of animal species. India is home to more than 7 percent
of world’s biodiversity. Faunal wealth of India is also incredibly diverse. It accounts for 7.4% of the world’s
fauna.
History of Wildlife Week
First ever Wildlife Week was observed in the year 1957. Wildlife Week 2021 is the 67th edition. Wildlife
Week was conceptualised by the Indian Board of Wildlife in 1952 in order to raise the awareness regarding
long-term goals of protecting the wildlife across India. Initially, Wildlife Day was celebrated in 1955, but in
1957 it was upgraded as the Wildlife Week.
Theme of Wildlife Week 2021
Wildlife Week 2021 is being celebrated under the theme “Forests and Livelihoods: Sustaining People and
Planet”.
KVIC's world’s largest Khadi National Flag
On October 2, 2021, World’s largest national flag was inaugurated in Leh in the Union Territory of Ladakh. It
is made up of Khadi.
Key facts
The flag was inaugurated by Ladakh’s Lieutenant Governor RK Mathur, to mark the 152 nd birth
anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, who gifted Khadi to the world.
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) had prepared the “Monumental Khadi National Flag”.
This flag is about 225 feet long and 150 feet wide. It weighs around 1400 kg.
About World’s largest khadi national flag
The national flag is about 225 feet long, 150 feet wide and1400 kgs in weight.

Monumental National Flag took about 3500-man hours of work for the artisans and allied workers
while making the flag.
Flag was prepared by 70 Khadi artisans in 49 days.
It was made using 4600 meters of hand-spun & hand-woven Khadi cotton bunting. The bunting covers
a total area of 33,750 square feet.
National flag has Ashok Chakra, measuring 30 feet in diameter.
It has been displayed on a frame prepared by the Indian Army in order to ensure that it remains above
the ground.
Who conceptualised the flag?
Concept to make world’s largest khadi national flag was put forward by KVIC to celebrate “Azadi ka Amrit
Mahotsav”, marking 75 years of India’s Independence. The flag was handed over to the Indian Army
because its handling and displaying required utmost care and precision.
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC)
KVIC is a statutory body, established in April 1957 under the ‘Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act
of 1956’. It works under the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises.
Kamdhenu Deepawali 2021 campaign launched
Former Cabinet Minister and former chairman of rashtriya Kamdhenu Aayog launched the “Kamdhenu
Deepawali 2021 campaign” on October 3, 2021.
Highlights
This campaign was launched for manufacturing and marketing about 100 Crore Deepak lamps &
Laxmi-Ganesh Idols made up of cow-dung.
Under the campaign, Cows will be economically used by economically utilising Cow Dung and Cow
Urine along with its Milks, Curd & Ghee.
Using the Panchgavya from cow, 300 items are getting made now, including Deepak, Candles, Lamps,
Havansamagri, Sambrani cup, Hard Board, Dhoopbatti, incense sticks, Wall piece, Laxmi-Ganesh idols
etc.
Gomaya lamps
The Gomaya lamps were made by Cow Entrepreneurs and Cow owners. This lamo will save the environment
by providing eco-friendly alternative for chemical based Chinese lights.
Who trains the start-ups?
Rashtriya Kamdhenu Aayog have been providing training in association with the volunteer organizations
across India, giving rise to huge number of Cow dung based Start Ups.
Significance of the campaign
This campaign would benefit the Cow Entrepreneurs across India. It is a Eco friendly campaign which will
also help Gaushalas in becoming Self Sustainable. Campaign would also empower the ‘Start-up India’ and
‘Atma Nirbhar Bharat’ vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
About Rashtriya Kamdhenu Aayog
It is an agency working under the “Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying” of “Ministry of Fisheries,
Animal Husbandry & Dairying”. It was established to protect cows. The agency organises animal husbandry
on scientific & modern lines. It also takes steps to preserve & improve breeds as well as prohibit slaughter
of cows & calves. Agency also functions as an integral part of Rashtriya Gokul Mission.
Rashtriya Gokul Mission
This mission was started in December 2014 by government with the aim of developing & conserving
indigenous bovine breeds and genetic upgradation of bovine population.

Centre notifies new Electricity Rules
Union Ministry of Power has notified new Electricity rules called “Electricity (Rights of consumers) Rules” in
India, laying down the rights of power of consumers.
Key Points
These rules will empower the consumers of electricity. Rules originate from the conviction that power
systems exist to serve consumers and consumers have rights to get reliable services & quality
electricity.
These rules were notified considering the fact that, distribution companies across India are
monopolies and consumer has no alternative.
Rules will also further the ease of doing business in India as its implementation would ensure that
new electricity connections, refunds and other services are provided to consumers in a time bound
manner.
Key areas covered under Electricity (Rights of consumers) Rules:
1. Rights of consumers and Obligations of Distribution licensees
2. Consumer as Prosumer
3. Release of new connection and modification of existing connection
4. Metering arrangement
5. Reliability of supply
6. Billing and Payment
7. Disconnection and Reconnection
8. Standards of Performance of licensee
9. Compensation Mechanism
10. Grievance redressal mechanism
11. Call Centre for Consumer Services
Key Provisions of the rules
It will be the duty of every distribution licensee to supply electricity on request of owner or occupier.
Release of new connection and modification in existing connection will be done in transparent and
time bound processes. Process will be completed within 7 days in metro cities,15 days in municipal
areas while 30 days in rural areas.
No connection will be given without a meter.
Compensation amount will be paid to consumers, automatically, by the distribution licensees in case
of violation of performance
Consumer Grievance Redressal Forum (CGRF) will include representatives from consumer and
prosumer. Grievances will be resolved within 45 days.
Molnupiravir: New drug to treat COVID-19
On October 1, 2021, Pharmaceutical company “Merck and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics” announced the early
results of Phase-3 trials of its anti-viral drug called molnupiravir. As per the results, Molnupiravir has
reduced the chances of hospitalisation by half among COVID-19 patients with mild or moderate symptoms.
Highlights
Placebo trials comprised of testing a drug on thousands of people. Among them, some get the drug
and some do not.
In the group that do not get placebo, 53 patients or 14% of the patients were either hospitalised or
had died. On the other hand, among the group that got drug, 28 patients or 7.3% were hospitalised or
succumbed to the covid-19 infection.
Patients were monitored for 29 days. No deaths were reported among the patients who received

molnupiravir. On the other hand, eight deaths were reported among those who received placebo.
Is molnupiravir effective against COVID-19 treatment?
Complete result of phase 3 trials form molunupiravir is still unknown. However, the drug has reassured the
hospitalisation-avoidance rates. Company will be submitting data to the United States Food and Drugs
Administration soon for a review. Following it, this drug may be approved for emergency use authorisation.
Patient tested with the drug
This drug has been tested only in patients having mild-to-moderate COVID-19, so far. Patients had started
treatment within five days of testing positive. They had at least one risk factor, out of obesity, older age,
diabetes or heart disease, which increased their risk for severe disease.
Working mechanism of molnupiravir
Molnupiravir drug has been named as ‘EIDD 2801’ by the company, where ‘E’ indicates it was developed at
Emory University. The antiviral drugs work by inhibiting a process by which the virus replicates. In case of
molnupiravir drug, when tested on cultured cells, it works by altering critical enzymes which are necessary
for virus to start replicating the host cells of body.
First consignment of Kashmir walnuts flagged off
Under the “One District, One Product (ODOP) initiative” of the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, first
consignment of Kashmiri walnuts was flagged off from Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir, recently.
Key Points
Truck carrying 2,000 kgs was despatched from Budgam to Bengaluru, Karnataka.
90% of India’s walnut production is from Kashmir.
Kashmiri walnuts are of superior quality & taste and are of a great source of nutrients. Hence, the are
highly in demand worldwide.
walnuts have immense potential to make a place for itself across the local and global markets.
Why this consignment was sent?
‘One district, One product’ team recognised that walnuts were being imported into India on a large scale,
despite the huge availability of Kashmir walnuts. Thus, the team started an in-depth market analysis and
stakeholder consultations in Kashmir. Importers of walnuts were contacted. With the help of dedicated
handholding at both ends, the team was able to facilitate the procurement. Such initiative would also boost
the “Aatma Nirbhar Bharat campaign”.
Roundtable conference
During the flag off event, a roundtable conference was also organised in Budgam district. During the
conference, inputs were sought from industry representatives with respect to trade and export ecosystem in
Kashmir. In the conference, Horticulturists and trade representatives recommended way forward for it such
as:
Domestic and international marketing through Buyer-Seller Meets,
e-commerce onboarding of more agricultural and handicraft or handloom products
Creation of product or scheme awareness for products from each district to be supported under “one
district, one product scheme”.
Icra report: India’s electricity demand to grow 8-8.5% in FY22
According to rating agency ICRA Ltd., India’s electricity demand is expected to increase by 8-8.5 % in
Financial Year 2022.
Key facts
As per report, all-India electricity demand increased by 12.7% to 707 billion units (BU) on year-on0year
basis, during the period from April 2021 to September 2021.
This increase in demand was supported by a lower base, improvement of economic activity as well as

lower than normal monsoons.
Lower than normal monsoon led to higher demand from the agriculture segment in the period of July
2021 and August 2021.
Energy demand in H1 of Financial Year 2021-2022 also remained higher by 2.9% as compared to
same in H1 FY2020-2021. It was led by relatively sharper recovery in demand of energy as it was
reflected from 8.4% growth in Q2 of FY2021-22 as compared to FY2020.
As per report, all India average thermal PLF level is likely to remain subdued, despite the recovery in
electricity demand. It is likely to remain below 60.0% in the current fiscal. Thus, outlook on the
thermal power generation is Negative.
One of the reasons for negative outlook is lack of visibility in signing of new power purchase
agreements (PPAs) for thermal IPPs as well as upward pressure on power generation cost with the
strengthening in fuel price levels besides tight environmental compliance requirements.
Coal stocks at power projects
As the power projects, coal stocks have been low as a result of an unprecedented increase in
electricity demand because of:
1. Resumption in economic activities,
2. Heavy rains in September impacting coal production & dispatch, and
3. lower electricity production by other fuel sources.
As on October 1, India’s 72 coal fuelled power projects had less than three days of stocks. On the
other hand, 50 plants had stocks worth 4-10 days. Only 13 projects had enough fuel stocks to sustain
electricity generation for more than 10 days.
MeitY plans Tech repository for Digital services
Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) is planning to find a “customer relationship
management (CRM) as well as enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions” on the basis of “Free and
open-source software (FOSS)”.
Key Points
These solutions would be planned in such a way that it could deploy on its own platform and use it in
future for developing other citizen-facing interfaces like Aarogya Setu app or a COWIN platform.
Primary goal of coming up with the solution is to create an open-source software repository which
can be accessed and used across the departments, States and countries.
currently, Indian government is working on using FOSS in order to find solutions in agritech,
governance, healthcare and education segments.
#FOSS4Gov innovation challenge
To make the solution reality, MeitY had announced #FOSS4Gov Innovation Challenge. As of now, 1,400
registrations have been received from across the country including from tier-II and tier-III cities. Winning
teams will find a chance to work with the government on its several population-scale platforms. Teams will
also get cash prizes of up to Rs 90 lakh for developing their solution. Three winners will be selected across
CRM and ERP categories. First prize will be Rs 20 lakh, second prize of Rs 15 lakh while third prize will be of
Rs 10 lakh.
Aim of #FOSS4Gov Innovation Challenge
This challenge is being organised with the aim of creating awareness and promote FOSS. It also seeks to
identify solutions which can be used by the government.
Who will mentor the team?
MeitY has partnered with investment firm “Omidyar Network India (ONI)” to mentor the shortlisted teams for
this programme. ONI will also be awarding a special prize to the team involved in developing and integrating

citizen-centric safeguard to protect citizen’s data.
FOSS in digital services
Government have been using FOSS since 2016, to develop several digital services such as UPI, DigiLocker,
Aarogya Setu, Aadhaar etc.
NOAA report: August 2021 is the 6th-warmest in 142 years
As per NOAA’s National Center for Environmental Information analysis, August 2021 was the 6th hottest
month on the Earth, despite the fact that, Central Texas went through a cooler than average month.
Highlights
August 2021 was the 6th warmest month in 142 years.
While analysing the August’s heat, scientists found that the average global land & ocean surface
temperature was 1.62 degrees F more than the average of 20th-century.
North America witnessed its top-10 warmest August.
Asia had its 2nd warmest August while Africa had 3rd warmest August.
Since 2009, 9 out of 10 warmest Augusts on Earth have happened.
Hottest summer in Northern Hemisphere
Year 2021 was also the 2nd hottest summer on record in Northern Hemisphere. Year 2020 witnessed the
hottest summer on record in the Northern Hemisphere. August end also wrapped up meteorological
summer, a summer which was tied with 2019 as second hottest summer on record in the Northern
Hemisphere.
Meteorological summer in Northern Hemisphere
June-August is known as meteorological summer in the Northern Hemisphere. June-August was the 4th
warmest on record for Earth while Southern Hemisphere was going through winter. Global temperatures
were recorded as 1.62 degrees F above the 20th Century.
6th warmest month
January-August ranks as the 6th warmest period ever recorded on Earth. The temperatures were 1.48
degrees F warmer as compared to 20th-century average.
Sea ice extent
In August, Arctic Sea ice witnessed the 10th smallest extent in 43-year records while Antarctic Sea ice
coverage was 5th highest.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
NOAA is an American scientific and regulatory agency working under the “United States Department of
Commerce”, that forecasts weather, charts the sea, monitors oceanic & atmospheric conditions, conducts
deep sea exploration, besides managing fishing & protecting marine mammals.
Odisha's initiatives to prevent Elephant electrocution
Odisha government has allocated Rs 445.75 crore to the distribution companies in order to increase ground
clearance of electrical networks with the objective of preventing Elephant electrocution.
Key facts
With the help of allocated funds, distribution companies would also replace bare conductors across
elephant corridors and movement areas.
This initiative is aimed at preventing elephant deaths because of electrocution.
As per Energy department, 79000 interposing poles have been erected and about 2,300 circuit bare
conductors have been replaced by covered ones.
In the recent development, companies and Forest Department have been asked to interact on regular
basis in a bid to achieve zero casualty of elephants.
Officials have also been directed to involve with the local community in elephant protection and bring

in scheme for rewarding the villagers, who would provide information regarding illegal hooking for
poaching wild animals.
Elephant conservation in state
As per the Wildlife Society of Orissa (WSO), an environment pressure group working on elephant
conservation, about 862 elephants have lost their lives in between April 2010 August 2021. Out of this,
about 16 % accounting for 135 elephants died due to electrocution.
Concerns associated with elephant conservation
Elephant conservation in the state of Odisha is a challenging task because of inadequate patrolling and
breakdown of supervision & monitoring by officers. This has made it easy for poachers to wipe out
elephants from the state.
Electrocution cases
Lack of action against electricity distribution companies has resulted into multiple electrocution cases
because of overhead sagging naked wires, wild boar poaching wires and electrified fences. These elephants
would have been saved if companies had installed safety devices. Most recent case “killing of seven
elephants in Dhenkanal district” in the year 2018 at Kamalanga because of a low height 11 KV wire.
October 5, 2021
Russia test-fires Hypersonic missile from submarine
Russia has successfully test-fired Hypersonic missile from a nuclear submarine for the first time on October
4, 2021.
Key Facts
The missile, named Zircon missile, was launched from the Severodvinsk. submarine. Zircon hit a
designated target in the Barents Sea.
It was Zircon’s first launch from a submarine.
Missile has been repeatedly test-fired from a navy frigate in the past.
Missile would be commissioned in to Russian Navy in 2022.
Significance of the missile
Zircon missile has been developed to arm Russian cruisers, frigates and submarines. It is one among
several hypersonic missiles being developed in Russia.
About Zircon Missile
The 3M22 Zircon or 3M22 Tsirkon missile is a scramjet powered, anti-ship hypersonic cruise missile. The
missile is being testing by Russia, currently. It represents a further development of HELA (Hypersonic
Experimental Flying Vehicle) which was developed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya. Prototypes of the Zircon
missiles were test-launched in 2012-2013 from a Tu-22M3 bomber in. By April 2017, Zircon had reached a
speed of Mach 8 during a flight test. Zircon was again test-fired on 3 June 2017. In November 2017,
Colonel General Viktor Bondarev announced that missile was already in service.
Specifications of Zircon Missile
Zircon Missile have the capability to fly at nine times the speed of sound. It has a range of 1000 kilometres.
Missile is believed to be a maneuvering, winged hypersonic cruise missile. The booster stage along with the
solid-fuel engines accelerates it to supersonic speeds. After this stage, a scramjet motor comprising of
liquid-fuel accelerates it to hypersonic speeds. It can travel at a speed up to Mach 8 – Mach 9.
2021 Nobel Prize in Medicine
On October 4, 2021, American scientists David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian won the prestigious “2021
Nobel Prize for Medicine”.
Key Facts
They won the prize for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.
According to award-giving body, these discoveries could make way for new pain-killers.
These findings have allowed to understand how heat, cold and mechanical force initiate the nerve
impulses which in turn allow humans to perceive and adapt to the world around.
This development and knowledge are being used to develop treatments for a several disease
conditions, including chronic pain.
This year, the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was shared in equal parts by the two laureates.
But medicine has been into the spotlight because of COVID-19 pandemic. There were
recommendations that, those who developed covid-19 vaccines could be rewarded with Nobel Prizes.
About Nobel Prizes
The prestigious Nobel prizes for “science, literature and peace” were created and funded in the name of
Swedish dynamite inventor and businessman Alfred Nobel. The prize is awarded since 1901. The Nobel
prize for economics was first conferred in 1969. This century-old prize is worth 10 million Swedish crowns.
Who is Ardem Patapoutian?
Ardem Patapoutian was born in 1967 in Lebanon, to Armenian parents. He moved to Los Angeles in his
youth and currently he is a Professor at Scripps Research, La Jolla, California. He has done research at the
University of California, San Francisco as well as at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. He was
awarded with The Nobel Prize for finding a cellular mechanism and underlying gene which translates a
mechanical force on our skin into an electric nerve signal.
Who is David Julius?
Davis Julius was born in New York. He is a Professor at University of California, San Francisco. He was
awarded for his findings on the skin’s sense of temperature on the basis of how certain cells react to
capsaicin.
Delhi: Action plan to combat Air pollution in winters
Chief Minister (CM) of Delhi, Arvind Kejriwal, on October 4, 2021 announced winter action plan to combat
Air pollution in the state.
Highlights
CM announced that, only buses and taxis coming to Delhi from other states will be converted into
CNG.
Apart from that, specific areas in the NCR region will be marked as pollution hotspots in order to
create a plan for mitigation and to help fight pollution in the region.
Winter Pollution in Delhi
The biggest problem that Delhi is going to face in upcoming weeks will be pollution from paddy stubble
burning in states like Punjab and Haryana.
Action Plan
CM identified ten areas of focus for the season.
Focus areas include:
1. Measures to mitigate dust pollution & Garbage burning,
2. Paddy straw burning & Control using Pusa Bio Decomposer,
3. Ban on firecrackers,
4. Installing smog towers,
5. Monitoring pollution hotspots,
6. Controlling vehicular pollution,
7. Effective operations of the green war room and
8. Green Delhi app etc.

Green Delhi App
Delhi government launched “Green Delhi app” in a bid to enable citizen participation for maintaining
vigilance against pollution. About 23,000 complaints have been received on the app, till date. Out of them,
government has successfully resolve 93% of the complaints.
Green War Room
Government is also effectively analysing fight against pollution in real time through green war room. It is a
program management room, created in collaboration with University of Chicago and GDI Partners. For the
operation of room, 50 new Environment Engineers have been recruited.
Pusa Bio Decomposer
Pusa Bio Decomposer helps in quicker stubble decompose and do away the need to set fire to the fields
after harvesting crops. Delhi government is in touch with the Centre government to use Pusa Bio
Decomposer.
TN launches software to aid police investigations
Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, MK Stalin, launched face recognition software on October 4,
2021 for assisting police officials in their investigation.
Key Points
“Face recognition software” will help the police personnel in comparing the photos of suspects with
“data resource” that have been uploaded in Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems
(CCTNS).
On CCTNS website, more than 5.30 lakh photos of suspects were uploaded.
This software will compare suspects, accused persons, missing persons, and unidentified corpses
with the data uploaded on CCTNS website.
Data related to accused or suspect will be shared between the stations on need basis.
software will also help the police personnel in checking whether the accused person was a history
sheeter or any warrant has been issued against him/her.
On which device the software will work?
This software can be installed in computers at the police stations as well as on smartphones of police
personnel.
Will it recognise faces through CCTV footage?
According to the report, department has also planned to improve face recognition software in order to
compare and identify faces through CCTV footage. This improvement will help in identifying people who
were missing or being looked out for, using CCTV footage.
Crime and Criminal Tracking Networks and Systems (CCTNS)
CCTNS is a project by Indian government, launched to create a comprehensive and integrated system for
effective policing through e-Governance. It comprises of a nationwide online tracking system, integrating
about 14,000 police stations in India. National Crime Records Bureau is the nodal agency of implementing
this project.
DRDO Dare to Dream 2.0 & Young Scientists awards
On October 4, 2021, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh felicitated the winners of ‘Dare to Dream 2.0’ Contest
organised by Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO).
Highlights
Awards were given to 40 winners, including 22 in Individual category and 18 in Start-up category.
On the occasion, ‘Dare to Dream 3.0’ was also launched to promote innovators & start-ups and
provide a platform for the young ignited minds in the country.
Minister also presented “DRDO Young Scientists awards” for the year 2019. 16 DRDO scientists, aged

under 35 years, were awarded for their outstanding contribution in fields of their expertise.
Dare to Dream Contest
Dare to Dream contest was launched by DRDO across India to promote Indian academicians, individuals and
start-ups for developing emerging defence and aerospace technologies or systems. Under the contest,
DRDO provides technical and financial support to the winners, in a bid to realise their ideas under
“Technology Development Fund (TDF) scheme”.
New system developed by DRDO
On the occasion, three indigenously developed products or systems by DRDO were handed over to Armed
Forces:
1. ARINC818 Video Processing and Switching Module: It has been developed for Indian Air Force. The
state-of-the-art module comprises of high bandwidth, channel bonding, low latency and easy
networking. It was provided for 5thgeneration aircraft development programmes.
2. Sonar Performance Modelling System: It was developed for the Indian Navy. It is useful for Indian
Naval Ships, submarines as well as under water surveillance stations etc.
3. Bund Blasting Device Mk-II: This device has been developed for Indian Army. It will help in reducing
the height of Ditch-cum-Bund obstacles for enhancing mobility of mechanised infantry during
wartime.
Urban Conclave in Lucknow-Highlights
Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, inaugurated “Azadi@75 – New Urban India: Transforming Urban Landscape
conference-cum-expo” on October 5, 2021 in Lucknow.
Key facts
On the occasion, he digitally interacted with beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban
(PMAY-U) houses and handed over the keys to 75,000 beneficiaries across 75 districts in Uttar
Pradesh.
He also released a Coffee Table Book comprising of 75 projects implemented under several flagship
missions of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
Setting up of Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Chair in the Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (BBAU),
Lucknow was also announced.
Projects launched by PM
Foundation stone for 75 Urban Development Projects in Uttar Pradesh under AMRUT Mission and
Smart Cities Mission.
75 smart electric buses were flagged off under FAME-II for seven cities namely Lucknow, Varanasi,
Kanpur, Prayagraj, Gorakhpur, Ghaziabad and Jhansi.
Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav programme
Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav Programme comprises several events including the Inauguration of “New Urban
India: Transforming Urban Landscape”, a conference and an exhibition on the subject. Programme is being
organised at the Indira Gandhi Pratishthan in Lucknow.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)
Under the scheme, 17.3 lakh houses have been sanctioned. So far, 8.8 lakh beneficiaries have been handed
over houses.
Conference-cum-Expo
Conference-cum-expo is being organised from October 5 to October 7, 2021 by the Ministry of Housing &
Urban Affairs (MoHUA), as a part of ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’. It is being organised under the theme
“transforming the urban landscape” with specific focus on transformative changes brought in Uttar
Pradesh. All States & UTs will participate in the event in order to help in experience sharing, direction and

commitment for further action. Three exhibitions will be showcased in Conference-cum-Expo:
1. ‘New Urban India’ exhibition– It will showcase the achievements and future projections of
transformative Urban Missions.
2. Indian Housing Technology Mela (IHTM)– An exhibition on 75 Innovative Construction Technologies
under Global Housing Technology Challenge-India (GHTC-India).
3. An exhibition highlighting the performance of Uttar Pradesh after 2017, under Urban Missions and
future projections with the theme “UP@75: Transforming Urban Landscape in Uttar Pradesh”.
'Made in India' drone used to transport COVID-19 vaccine
Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya launched an initiative on October 4, 2021 to facilitate COVID-19
vaccine delivery using “made in India drones” in the tough & hard-to-reach terrains of Northeast.
Key Facts
For the purpose, ICMR has designed a delivery model called “Drone Response and Outreach in North
East (i-Drone)”.
This delivery model has been designed to endure that life-saving COVID-19 vaccines reach everyone.
This initiative was launched in line with government’s commitment to “Antyodaya in health” that
makes healthcare accessible to every citizens in India.
Significance of the initiative
This was the first time that a “Make in India’ drone has been used in South Asia for transporting COVID-19
vaccine for an aerial distance of 15 km. This distance was covered in 12-15 mins from Bishnupur district
hospital to Loktak lake, Karang island in Manipur. Road distance between both the locations is 26 kms.
Use of drones
Drones can be used to deliver important life-saving medicines as well as for collecting blood
samples.
It can also be used in critical situations in difficult terrains.
It will address the challenges in health care delivery, especially for delivery of health supplies in
difficult areas.
Which states are running similar projects?
Currently, drone-based delivery projects are being run in Manipur & Nagaland as well as Andaman & Nicobar
Islands to overcome the challenges by deploying Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAV) or drones in remote
areas.
Which institution transferred the drone technology?
ICMR conducted the initial study in association with “Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur” for testing the
capacity of drones to transfer and carry vaccines safely. ICMR conducted the study in Manipur, Nagaland
and Andaman & Nicobar.
EU approves Pfizer-BioNTech COVID vaccine booster
European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved the booster doses of Pfizer/BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine for
people aged 18 and above on October 4, 2021.
Key Facts
This approval given as data for the vaccine showed a rise in antibody levels when a booster shot was
administered to the people aged 18 to 55, approximately six months after the second dose.
Thus, the agency has recommended to administer booster doses after six months of second dose.
It also recommended for an extra dose of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines for people with
severely weakened immune systems.
Extra dose of these vaccines boosts the ability, of organ transplant patients with weakened immune
systems, of producing antibodies against the SARS-cov-2 virus.

As per EMA, extra dose will be given at least 28 days after second dose to the severely immune-
compromised people.
European Medicines Agency (EMA)
EMA is an agency of European Union (EU) charged with the evaluation and supervision of medicinal
products. It as earlier known as European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA). EMA was set in 1995, with
financial support from European Union and pharmaceutical industry.
Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine
It is an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine developed by BioNTech in collaboration with the American company
Pfizer. Pfizer provided its support for clinical trials, logistics, and manufacturing. Vaccine is authorized for
use in people aged twelve years and more. It is given by intramuscular injection. Vaccine is composed of
nucleoside-modified mRNA which also encodes a mutated form of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
October 4: World Habitat Day
World Habitat Day was observed on October 4, 2021. This day is an initiative of United Nations.
Highlights
This day is observed with the aim of promoting the basic right of adequate shelter and housing for
everyone across the world which is densely populated and have been affected due to rapid
urbanisation.
This day is observed on the first Monday of October, every year.
Theme of the day
The World Habitat Day this year was observed under the theme “Accelerating urban action for a carbon-free
world”.
History of the day
The decision to observe World Habitat Day annually was taken in 1985 by the United Nations General
Assembly (UNGA). Following the decision, the first World Habitat Day was observed in Nairobi, Kenya in
1986 on the theme “ ‘Shelter is my right’.
Significance of the day
The observance of such day is significant in the light that, population density (diversity), poverty,
climate crisis and natural disasters have posed a threat to the quality of living.
There is a lack of proper building techniques. Poor infrastructure has led to crisis, insecurity, and
chaotic situations.
Unplanned cities, rapid urbanisation and its adverse effects on the environment led to several other
problems such as shelter crisis.
70% of the global carbon dioxide emissions comes from the urban greenhouse gas emissions.
Thus, the day becomes significant to find a solution and to come up with appropriate shelter
provisions.
The day also aims to develop actionable zero-carbon plans.
The day also highlights the difficulties faced by homeless.
UN habitat honour award
The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, in the year 1989, had introduced the UN-Habitat Scroll
of Honour Award in a bid to encourage countries in finding a solution for habitat problems.
NASA's Psyche Mission- Key Facts
American Space Agency, NASA, is set to send its “Psyche Mission” to visit a giant asteroid called Psyche,
which could be the frozen remains of molten core of a bygone world.
Key points
Psyche asteroid orbits around the Sun in main asteroid belt, in between Mars and Jupiter.

According to data gathered through Earth-based radar and optical telescopes, Psyche is made largely
of metal.
Psyche could be part or all of the iron-rich interior of any earlier planetary building block which got
stripped of its outer rocky shell because of repeated collision with other large bodies during the
initiation phases of formation of the solar system.
The asteroid is about 280 kilometres at its widest point.
NASA’s Psyche mission
NASA will send its Psyche Mission in August 2022 launch. This spacecraft will orbit around the asteroid for
two years. In two years, it will take pictures, map the surface, and look for evidence of an ancient magnetic
field. Aircraft will also study the neutrons and gamma rays coming from the asteroid’s surface in order to
determine its elemental composition.
Significance of the mission
This is the first mission to explore an asteroid with a surface comprising of substantial amounts of metal
rather than rock or ice. It seeks to understand iron cores, which is an unexplored building block of formation
of planet. It also provides first opportunity to examine the interiors of a rocky planet
RBI grants licence to NARCL
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted the licence to the Rs 6,000 crore National Asset Reconstruction
Company Ltd. (NARCL).
Key Facts
This move will help in starting operations of the bad bank.
NARCL was incorporated in Mumbai in July 2021 after registration with the Registrar of Companies
(RoC).
IBA has been entrusted with the task to set up the bad bank.
Background
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in Budget 2021-22 had noted that, high level of provisioning of the
stressed assets by public sector banks calls to initiate measures to clean up bank books. In that light, she
announced to set up as “Asset Reconstruction Company Limited” and “Asset Management Company” to
consolidate and take over existing stressed debt. Both was to set up for managing and disposing assets to
alternative investment funds.
Proposal for Government’s guarantee
Cabinet had cleared a proposal to provide government guarantee of worth Rs 30,600 crore for security
receipts issued by NARCL. NARCL will pay 15% of the agreed value for bad loans in cash while the
remaining 85% will be government-guaranteed security receipts. 51% of the value will be owned by PSBs
while remaining by private sector lenders.
Stake in NARCL
Recently, SBI, Indian Bank and Union Bank of India picked up 13.27% stake each in the NARCL. Punjab
National Bank also acquired about 12% stake.
What is NARCL?
NARCL is a proposed bad bank to take over stressed assets of lenders. Government had planned to create a
bad bank to house bad loans of Rs 500 crore and above. It also comprises of an asset reconstruction
company (ARC) and an asset management company (AMC) for managing and recovering assets. It was
created in collaboration with public and private sector banks.
What is the Pandora papers leak case?
Pandora Papers have come to spotlight after millions of documents related to hidden world of offshore
wealth got leaked to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalism (ICIJ).

About Pandora Papers
These are the 11.9 million leaked papers from 14 companies, in offshore tax havens, comprising of details
of ownership of 29,000 offshore companies and trusts from countries like Vietnam, Belize and Singapore.
These documents highlight the ownership of assets has been settled in private offshore trusts and
investments like cash, shareholding, and real estate properties are held by the offshore entities. In this
case, around 380 people of Indian nationality have been named.
Pandora Papers investigation
A global network comprising of reporters, publication houses and International Consortium of Investigative
Journalism (ICIJ) took two-year effort to go through 11.9 million leaked documents. About 600 journalists
from 150 media outlets are a part of the ongoing investigation. The investigation on papers reveals how
people have established a complex multi-layered trust structures for estate planning and are characterised
by air-tight secrecy laws. It reveals two-fold objectives being setting up the trusts:
1. To hide real identities in order to make it impossible for tax authorities to reach them
2. To safeguard their investments from creditors and law enforcers.
Similar leaks
2016 Panama Papers leaks: It is the most significant offshore leak, till date. It comprises of 2.6
terabytes of data that was leaked from a law firm Mossack Fonseca.
Paradise Papers leaks: Paradise Papers were leaked from the offshore provider Appleby. It
comprised of 1.4 terabytes of leaked data.
October 6, 2021
Changes proposed in Forest Conservation Act
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has proposed an amendment to the Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980, in a bid to liberalise the forest laws.
Status of the amendments
Ministry has sent the proposed amendments to all the state governments, asking for their objections and
suggestions within 15 days. The draft proposal will be drawn and placed before Parliament after taking
suggestions from states into consideration.
Key facts
The amendment puts forward stringent norms for the conservation of forest, by hiking the penal
provisions for offenses.
Amendment also provides for maintaining “pristine forests”. Non-forestry activity will not be allowed
within the pristine forests, under any circumstances.
Under the amendment; deemed forests, that have been listed by state governments up to 1996, will
continue to be considered as forest land.
Land acquired by the Railways and the road ministries before 1980, on which forests came up, will
not be considered as forests.
Amendment would also reduce the flow from foreign exchange for importing wood & wood
derivatives of approximately Rs 45,000 crore by means of encouraging plantations and afforestation.
Forest (Conservation) Act (FCA)
FCA was promulgated in the year 1980. Before a “1996 Supreme Court judgement” in TN Godavarman
Thirumulpad versus Union of India & Others case, forest land was defined by “1927 Forest Act”. But in the
1996 case, Supreme court included all areas under the definition of forest that are recorded as ‘forest’ under
any government record.
Why this amendment was put forward?
The definition of forest under the forest act was problematic in case of railways and roads. There is land

that both the ministries own, but they cannot use it without getting permission from the MoEFCC. These
permissions are granted in about 2-4 years, causing delays in several projects.
Health Minister releases ‘The State of the World’s Children 2021’
Union Health Minister, Mansukh Mandaviya, released a report titled “The State of the World’s Children 2021:
On My Mind: promoting, protecting and caring for children’s mental health” on October 5, 2021 in New Delhi.
The state of World’s Children 2021 report is UNICEF’s global flagship publication.
Key Points
The report highlights the significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of the children.
This report is significant because, mental health is an old issue & emerging issue. Furthermore,
COVID-19 was a test of mental stress for entire world.
As per UNICEF report, about 14 percent of 15 to 24-year-olds in India, accounting for 1 in 7, reported
feeling depressed or they were having little interest in doing things.
The State of the World’s Children 2021 report
This report examines the mental health of child, adolescent and caregiver. It focuses on risks and protective
factors at critical moments if life course. It also digs into the social determinants which ultimately shape
mental health and well-being. The report also calls for commitment, communication and action in order to
promote good mental health for every child. It also seeks to protect vulnerable children and care for children
facing the challenges.
Findings of the report
UNICEF’s state of the World’s Children Report 2021 has warned that children and young people might
feel the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health and well-being for several years.
The report highlights that, how children and young people carried the burden of mental health even
before COVID-19.
As per report, children with mental health disorders in India are mostly undiagnosed and hesitant in
asking for help or treatment.
50 million children in India were affected by mental health issues, before the pandemic. Out of them,
80 – 90 per cent children have not asked for support.
As per survey conducted across 21 countries, 14 per cent of respondents aged 15 to 24 years in India
reported feeling depressed.
5th edition of India - Japan Maritime Bilateral Exercise
The Indian Navy and The Japan maritime Self-Defence Force is scheduled to start the Fifth edition of India –
Japan Maritime Bilateral Exercise called in the Arabian Sea from October 6, 2021.
Key Facts
Last edition of the JIMEX exercise was held in September 2020.
During the three-day exercise, Indian navy will be represented by indigenously built Guided Missile
Stealth Destroyer Kochi and Guided Missile Frigate Teg.
Missiles will be commanded by Ajay Kochhar, who is the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet
Rear Admiral.
Japanese side will be represented by JMSDF ships Kaga, a Guided Missile Destroyer, an Izumo Class
Helicopter Carrier and Murasame. It will be commanded by Commander Escort Flotila – 3 Rear
Admiral IkeuchiIzuru.
Apart from these ships, P8I Long Range Maritime Patrol Aircraft, integral helicopters, Dornier
Maritime Patrol Aircraft, and MiG 29K fighter aircraft will also take part in the exercise.
Aim of the JIMEX-21
JIMEX-21 is being conducted with the aim of developing a common understanding of operational

procedures and enhancing an inter-operability by conducting a multitude of advanced exercises, in the
entire spectrum of maritime operations. These multi-faceted tactical exercises will consolidate the
coordination developed by both the navies.
About JIMEX Exercise
JIMEX series of exercises was started in January 2012. It mainly focuses on maritime security cooperation.
These exercises are conducted between Indian Navy and Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force, biennially.
Other Military Exercises between both the countries
Besides JIMEX, India and Japan conduct a joint land military exercise called ‘Dharma Guardian’, annually.
They also conduct a Joint Air Force exercise called ‘Shinyuu Maitri’. India and Japan are also involved in a
Trilateral Maritime Exercise called Malabar with the USA.
Ministry of Tourism organising conference on Buddhist Crcuit
The Ministry of Tourism is organising a “Buddhist Circuit Train FAM Tour and Conference from October 4 to
October 8, 2021 in a bid to tap the potential of the Buddhist tourism.
About FAM Tour
The FAM tour will comprise of the visit of prominent Buddhist sites as well as conferences at Bodh
Gaya and Varanasi.
This conference is likely to be attended by 125 delegates including tour operators, media, hoteliers,
and officials of Ministry of Tourism & State Governments.
Around 100 local tour operators and other stakeholders of tourism & hospitality sector will attend the
event at Bodh Gaya and Varanasi for discussing the key issues with respect to the development and
promotion of tourism in the circuit.
Buddhist Tourism in India
India is among world’s largest reservoirs of history, culture, heritage, philosophy, and religion. With these
reservoirs, India is counted amongst the most desired destinations for tourists as well as pilgrims. India has
a rich ancient Buddhist Heritage comprising of important sites associated with Lord Buddha. Indian
Buddhist heritage is of great interest for the followers of Buddhism across the world. It has remained an
inspiration & guide to traditions and customs of India.
Buddhist Conclave
Buddhist Conclave is organised by Ministry of Tourism every alternate year. It is organised with the
objective of promoting India as a Buddhist Destination and major markets worldwide. In the year 2021, the
International Buddhist Conclave is scheduled from November 17 to 21.
Other initiatives by Ministry of Tourism
Ministry has showcased the Buddhist Sites on “Incredible India Website” and has developed a
dedicated website “www.indiathelandofbuddha.in”. It aims to promote rich Buddhist Heritage across
India.
Ministry is also working on projects for capacity building including Linguistic Tourist Facilitator
training in Japanese, Thai, Chinese and Vietnamese, languages.
Comprehensive Handicrafts Cluster Development Scheme
Ministry of Textiles has approved the continuation of Comprehensive Handicrafts Cluster Development
Scheme (CHCDS) on October 5, 2021.
Key facts
CHCDS scheme was approved with a total outlay of Rs 160 crore.
Scheme will continue up to March 2026 now.
Under the scheme, infrastructural support, design & technology upgradation, market access etc will
be provided to handicrafts artisans.

Aim of the scheme
CHCDS schemes was launched to create world-class infrastructure which will caters to the business needs
of local artisans & SMEs in order to boost production and export. These clusters have been set with the
objective of assisting the artisans & entrepreneurs in setting up world-class units with modern
infrastructure, adequate training, latest technology, and human resource development inputs. It is also
coupled with market linkages and production diversification.
Provisions under CHCDS
Under CHCDS, interventions such as Baseline Survey & Activity Mapping, Skill Training, Marketing events,
Improved Tool Kits, Publicity, Seminars, capacity building, Design workshops, etc will be provided. Scheme
will also provide for Emporiums, Common Facility Centres, Raw Material Banks, Trade Common Production
Centres, Facilitation Centres, Design & Resource Centres.
Who will undertake the projects?
Integrated projects will be taken up for development with the help of Central or State Handicrafts
Corporations, Autonomous body Council Institute, Registered Co- operatives, Registered SPV, Producer
company of artisans, that are having good experience in handicrafts sector.
Focus of the projects
These products will focus on integration of scattered artisans, building grass root level enterprises for them
and linking them to SMEs in the handicrafts sector in order to ensure economies of scale. Mega handicraft
clusters comprising of 10,000 artisans will be selected for overall development under the scheme.
Indian Scientists develops New Biodegradable Polymer
A team of Indian scientists have developed a non-toxic, environmentally friendly, biodegradable polymer
using guar gum and chitosan.
Key Facts
Guar gum and Chitosan are polysaccharides that are extracted from guar beans and shells of crab &
shrimps.
Fabricated guar gum-chitosan film with high water stability, high mechanical strength, and excellent
resistance against harsh environmental conditions can be used in packaging applications.
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharide is one of the biopolymers having high potential for use in synthesis of packaging material.
But due to some drawbacks of polysaccharides, like low mechanical properties, low barrier properties and
high water-solubility, they are not preferred for packaging materials.
Guar gum-chitosan composite film
To overcome the challenges associated with polysaccharide, the team of scientists fabricated a guar gum-
chitosan composite film. It is a cross-linked polysaccharide that do not use any plasticizer with the help
“solution casting method”.
Properties of the film
The Fabricated biopolymer composite film had high water stability, high mechanical strength as well as
excellent resistance towards harsh environmental conditions. The fabricated cross-linked film is not easily
soluble in water. As per scientists, it did not dissolve even after 240 hours. Furthermore, the mechanical
strength is higher compared to general biopolymer. It is highly water repellent or hydrophobic because of its
high contact angle of 92.8º. Water vapor permeability is low as compared to the film made only from
chitosan.
State of the Education Report for India-2021
On the occasion of World Teacher’s Day, “United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)” released its “State of the Education Report (SOER)-2021 for India: No Teachers, No Class”, on

October 5, 2021.
Key Facts
This report is the annual flagship publication of UNESCO New Delhi. Report is prepared on the basis
of extensive research.
This is the third edition of the State of Education Report.
This year, report focuses on the theme of “teachers, teaching and teacher education”, highlighting
that work of teaching is complex.
The report attempts to provide understanding on the key aspects of the teaching profession and also
provides a profile of 9.6 million teaching workforce.
Report also highlights the challenges of intricate teaching routine as well as their professional
development.
Findings in the report were prepared on the basis of analysis of Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)
and Unified District Information System for Education (UDISE) data.
Findings of the report
As per report, there are around 1.2 lakh single-teacher schools in India. It accounts for 7.15 percent
of 11.51 lakh schools. Out of this, 89 per cent are in rural areas.
51 percent of total schools are employing 95 lakh teachers.
Report notes that, India requires 11.16 lakh additional teachers to meet the current shortfall.
States with high percentage of single-teacher schools are- Arunachal Pradesh (18.22%), Goa
(16.08%), Telangana (15.71%), Andhra Pradesh (14.4%), Jharkhand (13.81%), Uttarakhand (13.64%),
Madhya Pradesh (13.08 %) and Rajasthan (10.08 %).
UNESCO Recommendations
UNESCO suggests:
1. To improve the terms of employment of teachers across public and private schools
2. To increase the number of teachers and improve their working conditions across the North Eastern
states, rural areas as well as aspirational districts.
3. To recognize teachers as frontline workers etc.
Delhi: Health Information Management System (HIMS) project
Delhi Cabinet has given its financial nod for ambitious “Health Information Management System (HIMS)
project”.
HIMS health card
Under the HIMS project, each citizen will be provided with a health card, that will act as a repository
of their medical information.
Using the health card, doctors would be able to see a patient’s medical history
It will enable the patients to make appointments from home.
What data can be accessed?
Health card will be a unique health identifier for each individual using which everything, from the medical
history of patients to appointment dates, can be accessed.
Who will be issued the card?
Citizens aged 1 to 18 years will get their health card linked to their parent’s health card, while new-borns
(aged up to 1 year) will be linked to their mother’s health card.
Approval related to food-grains
On the occasion, Cabinet also approved Rs 48.14 crore for procurement, distribution and transportation of
food grains for citizens who are not having ration cards but are residing in Delhi. This decision will benefit
around 40 lakh non-PDS beneficiaries in the Capital. Government will provide non-PDS food-grains in Delhi

to the target beneficiaries through identified schools or locations. To provide free ration to the
beneficiaries, 16000 metric tonnes of wheat and 4,000 metric tonnes of rice will be required.
Who will meet the demand of food grains?
Delhi government will buy the ration from “Food Corporation of India”. Around Rs 42.4 crore will be spent for
the purchase and Rs 2.1 crore will be spent on transportation.
Road Transport Ministry's scheme for ‘Good Samaritans’
Ministry of road, transport & highways launched a scheme for “Good Samaritans” on October 4, 2021.
Key facts
Scheme will be effective from October 15, 2021 and will run till March 31, 2026.
Under the scheme, a cash award of Rs 5,000 will be provided per accident, to those saving the life of
a road accident victim by rushing the person to hospital within the ‘golden hour’ of the accident.
Cash award will be provided to motivate the general public in order to help the road accident victims
in emergency situation.
Cash award will also be accompanied with a certification of appreciation.
National Level Awards
Besides award in each case, ministry would also be giving 10 national level awards for the “worthiest
Good Samaritans”.
Most Worthy Good Samaritans will be selected from those who have been awarded during the entire
year.
They will be given an award of Rs 1,00,000 each.
MoRTH will provide Rs 5 lakh of initial grant to the transport department of states and UTs for
awarding the cash prize.
As per amendment, if Good Samaritan informs about the incident to the police at the first hand, then
police will provide an acknowledgement on official letter pad, after verifying details from doctor.
Individual Good Samaritan will be awarded a maximum five times in a year.
What is golden hour?
‘Golden hour’ is the 1-hour time period after a traumatic injury. During this period, there is the highest
possibilities of preventing death by providing prompt medical care.
Motor Vehicle Amendment Act, 2019
Rules had been notified under Section 134A of the Motor Vehicle Amendment Act 2019, on September 29,
2020 by the ministry.
Nobel Prize 2021 for Physics
The Nobel Prize 2021 for physics was awarded to three scientists from Japan, Germany and Italy. Secretary-
general of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Goran Hansson, announced the winners on October 5,
2021.
Key facts
Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann were awarded for their work in “physical modelling of Earth’s
climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”.
Second half of the prize was awarded to Giorgio Parisi for his “discovery of the interplay of disorder
and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales.”
As per Nobel Prize Panel, Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann have laid the “foundation of our
knowledge of Earth’s climate and how humanity influences it”.
Demonstration by Syukuro Manabe
Since 1960s, he had demonstrated how increases in amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases
the global temperatures. This demonstration laid the foundations for current climate models.

Demonstration by Klaus Hasselmann
He had created a model to link weather and climate. This model helped in explaining why climate models
can be reliable despite the chaotic nature of weather. He also demonstrated ways to look after specific
signs of human influence on the climate.
Model developed by Giorgio Parisi
He built a deep physical and mathematical model. This model made it possible to understand the complex
systems in fields of mathematics, machine learning, biology and neuroscience.
Background
In the year 2020, the prize was conferred to Andrea Ghez from America, Roger Penrose from Britain and
Reinhard Genzel from Germany for their research into black holes.
About Nobel Prize
The award comes with a gold medal as well as 10 million Swedish kronor. Money for prize comes from a
bequest left by the creator of prize & Swedish inventor, Alfred Nobel.
What is Heli-borne Survey Technology?
Union Minister, Dr Jitendra Singh, launched state-of-the-art Heli-borne survey technology on October 5,
2021.
Highlights
Heli Survey Technology was launched for ground water management.
In the first phase, the States of Rajasthan, Punjab, Gujarat and Haryana are being taken up for the
heli-borne survey.
Survey was started from Jodhpur in Rajasthan on October 5.
Heli Survey Technology
This technology has been developed by CSIR-NGRI Hyderabad.
The state-of-the-art technology, Heli Survey Technology, will be used to map the groundwater sources
in arid regions.
Survey will help in utilizing groundwater for drinking purposes.
Heli-borne geophysical mapping technique will provide high-resolution 3D image for sub-surface up to
a depth of 500 meters below the ground level.
Aim of the project
This project has been developed with the aim of mapping potential groundwater sources and its
management in providing safe drinking water to people in the water scarce arid regions of India.
Two Phases of the project
The mega project worth Rs. 150 crores will be implemented in two phases. To implement the project, CSIR
has collaborated with the Ministry of Jal Shakti under the “National Aquifer Mapping Project”. This project
will bring high visibility to CSIR to implement the Jal Jeevan Mission project.
Significance of the technology
Water technologies of CSIR from source finding to water treatment will positively contribute towards “Har
Ghar Hal se Jal” scheme as well as “doubling farmer’s income goals”.
Arid areas in India
Arid areas in north western India are spread across the States of Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat and Punjab.
The area covers about 12% of the total geographical area in India and is home to about 8 crore people.
Annual rainfall in arid areas is in the range of 100 to 400 mm. Thus, there is an acute shortage of water
throughout the year.
‘Electronic Pension Payment Order’ integrated with Digi Locker
Department of Ex-servicemen welfare working under ‘Ministry of Defence’ has integrated ‘Electronic Pension

Payment Order’ (EPPO) with the Digi Locker.
Key facts
Electronic Pension Payment Order is generated by Principal Controller of Defence Accounts (PCDA)
Pension, Allahabad.
EPPO has been integrated with Digi Locker for enhancing Ease of Living of Defence Pensioners.
Significance of the move
This move will enable all the Defence Pensioners to obtain the latest copy of Pension Payment Order,
instantly from Digi Locker. Initiative would create a permanent record of Pension Payment Order in the
Locker. It will also do away with the “time eliminate delays” in reaching the Pension Payment Order to new
pensioners. Necessity to hand over a physical copy for the order will also be eliminated with the new
initiative. It will also enable the Defence Pensioners to access Electronic Pension Payment Order from
anywhere on the globe.
Service provider
Principal Controller of Defence Accounts (PCDA) Pension, Allahabad was registered as a Service Provider. It
will provide Electronic Pension Payment Orders of more than 23 lakhs Defence Pensioners using the Digi
Locker platform.
About DigiLocker
It is an Indian digitization online service under the Digital India initiative, provided by Ministry of Electronics
and Information Technology (MeitY). The locker provides a cloud account to every Aadhaar holder and
enable them to access authentic documents or certificates like vehicle registration, driving license,
academic mark sheet etc in digital format. All these documents are accessed from the original issuers of
these certificates. Locker has 1GB storage space for each account for uploading scanned copies of legacy
documents.
Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week
The Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare is observing the “Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week”,
starting from October 5, 2021.
Highlights
The campaign will culminate on October 10, 2021.
October 10 is also marked as the “World Mental health Day”.
Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week is being observed in India with the aim of encouraging
people’s participation in breaking the stigma associated with Mental Disorders.
Activities under the campaign
Other activities being held under the Mental Health Awareness Campaign Week include:
1. Virtual awareness workshops by NIMHANS, Bengaluru in association with Educational Institutions &
other organisations
2. Cycle rallies in Delhi,
3. Green ribbon campaign,
4. Short film release in regional languages,
5. Launch of #breakthestigma hashtag campaign and
6. Quiz or slogan competitions on mental health.
World Mental health Day
World Mental Health Day is observed globally to raise awareness regarding the mental health issues and
mobilizing efforts to support mental health. This year, the day will be observed at a time when covid-19
pandemic has transformed the daily lives to significant extent. This has given rise to various mental health
issues among people.

History of the day
First World Mental health day was celebrated in 1992 as an initiative of the World Federation for Mental
Health. Until 1994, the day had no specific theme. But in 1994, the Day was celebrated with a theme on the
suggestion of Secretary General Eugene Brody. Theme in 1994 was “Improving the Quality of Mental Health
Services throughout the World”.
World Federation for Mental Health
It is a global mental health organization having its members and contacts in around 150 countries.
October 7, 2021
The State of Climate Services 2021: Water report
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released its new report titled “The State of Climate Services
2021: Water” on October 5, 2021.
According to WHO, climate change increases the risk of water-related hazards such as floods and
droughts.
Climate change will also increase the number of people affected by water scarcity.
As per report, in 2018, 3.6 billion people worldwide had inadequate access to water at least one
month per year.
This number is expected to exceed five billion by 2050.
Report also notes that, this situation is worsening as only 0.5 per cent of water on the Earth is
useable and available freshwater.
Water-related hazards have increased in past 20 years.
Flood-related disasters have increased by 134 per cent since 2000, as compared to past two
decades. However, number & duration of droughts have increased by 29 per cent during the same
period.
In Africa, about two billion people live in water-stressed countries. They suffer a lack of access for
safe drinking water and sanitation.
Drought-related Deaths
Report also highlights that, most of the drought-related deaths occurred in Africa. Thus, more robust end-to-
end warning systems is needed for drought in African region. Most of the flood-related deaths & economic
losses were witnessed in Asia.
Impact of Temperature
According to report, increasing temperatures are resulting in global & regional precipitation changes. It will
also lead to shifts in rainfall patterns as well as agricultural seasons.
Recommendations of WMO
WMO recommends that countries should increase investment in integrated water resources management
and drought & flood early warning systems. WMO also urged countries to fill the gap in capacity of
collecting data for basic hydrological variables.
Centre to constitute National Road Safety Board
Union Ministry of Road Transport & Highways notified to set up a “National Road Safety Board” recently.
Key Facts
The National Safety Board will be responsible for promotion of road safety, innovation and adoption
of new technology.
It will also regulate traffic and motor vehicles.
Notification also specifies provisions for the composition, eligibility for Chairman & Members of the
Board, term of office, selection process, powers & functions of the board, procedure of resignation &
removal, meetings of the Board etc.
Head office of the board
The Head Office of National Road Safety Board will be established in the National Capital Region. Board
might establish offices at other places as well in India.
Members of the board
The road safety board will comprise of the Chairman. Apart from that, these will be 3 to 7 members. All the
members will be be appointed by the Central Government.
Function of the board
Board will perform the following functions:
1. Board will be responsible for promotion of road safety, innovation and adoption of new technology.
2. It will also regulate traffic and motor vehicles.
3. To regulate traffic & motor vehicle, Board will formulate:
Specific standards for traffic management, road safety and road construction in hilly regions.
Guidelines for capacity building and development of skills for highway authorities, traffic police,
hospital authorities, educational & research organisations etc.
Guidelines to establish and operate trauma facilities and para-medical facilities.
4. Board will also provide technical advice and assistance to Central, State and local authorities on road
safety & traffic management.
Business Summit on National Mission on Edible Oils-Oil Palm in NE states
On October 6, 2021, “National Mission on Edible Oil- Oil Palm Business Summit” was held at Guwahati for
North Eastern States.
Highlights
The summit was organised in line with Prime Minister’s vision for holistic and balanced progress of
North East.
Summit was started under the chairmanship of Union Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar.
Summit showcases a film on oil palm plantation along with the watering of the oil palm plant.
Significance of the oil palm for NE
Government decision to make major intervention in North Eastern states for the promotion of oil palm will
turn NE states into oil palm hub of India. Special package and assistance for North Eastern states will
change the socio-economic status of farmers. It will also open up the employment opportunities as it will
set up oil palm mills along with infrastructure development.
Aim of the summit
Business summit is being organised with the aim of exploring:
1. The target of area expansion,
2. Details of viability gap payment,
3. Seedling requirement fixed for different states using processors
4. Details of viability gap payment
5. Interventions and assistance under the National Mission on Edible Oil.
Outlay of National Mission on Edible Oil
This Mission is being launched with a total outlay of Rs 11040 crore. It will bring an additional area of about
6.5 lakh hectares under Oil Palm plantation in next five years. Out of this, 3.28 lakh hectares will be from
North Eastern states while 3.22 lakh hectares will be from rest part of India.
GI tagged Mihidana from West Bengal exported to Bahrain
In order to promote indigenous & Geographical Identification (GI) tagged products, first consignment of GI
tagged sweet dish Mihidana from West Bengal was exported to Bahrain.

Highlights
GI tagged Mihidana was sourced from Bardhaman, West Bengal.
Consignment of the sweet dish Mihidana was exported by APEDA registered M/S DM Enterprises,
Kolkata.
It was imported by Aljazira Group, Bahrain.
It is being displayed and provided for tasting purpose to the consumers at Aljazira super stores in
Bahrain.
More consignments would be exported to Bahrain during Diwali festival.
Export of Jaynagarer Moa to Bahrain
To commemorate the historical legacy of century old sweet delicacy and GI certified Jaynagarer Moa, India
post released a specially designed envelope in collaboration with APEDA. The Jaynagarer Moa is prepared
from popped-rice ball & fresh date-palm jaggery in the Jaynagar city of West Bengal. A consignment
of Jaynagar Moa was exported to Bahrain in January 2021 from Kolkata.
About GI Tag
GI tag denotes specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are specific to that
origin. GI is a form of intellectual property right (IPR) and is different from other forms of IPR on the fact
that, it denotes the exclusivity of the community in a defined geography, rather than to an individual.
What goods can be GI tagged?
GI tag can be issued for agricultural, natural or manufactured goods with unique quality, reputation or
characteristics, unique to its geographical origin. For example, Basmati Rice, Darjeeling tea, Kanchipuram
Silk, Mysore Silk, Nagaland chilli products, Hyderabadi haleem, etc are sold with the GI tag and these
products have premium pricing.
Government approves 7 PM MITRA Parks
Union Cabinet has given its approval, on October 6, 2021, to set up seven PM MITRA parks, accomplishing
the vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to establish Atmanirbhar Bharat.
Key Points
PM MITRA parks will be set up with an outlay of Rs 4445 crores in five years.
Announcement to establish such parks was made in Union Budget 2021-22.
This move will help India to stand at par with Global textile giants.
About PM MITRA
PM MITRA parks stands for “Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel” parks. These parks will be
established at Greenfield or Brownfield sites at different states. Establishment of the parks will benefit
unemployed with seven lakh direct jobs as well as 14 lakh indirect jobs. Under the project, parks will be
established through a special purpose vehicle, owned by state governments and Centre under a public-
private partnership (PPP) model.
Which states are establishing these parks?
Till date, 10 states have shown their interest in establishing the PM MITRA parks namely, Punjab, Odisha,
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telangana, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh.
Capital Support
Maximum Development Capital Support (DCS) of Rs 500 crore will be provided to Greenfield PM MITRA
while Rs 200 Crore will be provided to Brownfield PM MITRA, in order to develop a Common Infrastructure.
Apart from that, Rs 300 crore of Competitiveness Incentive Support (CIS) will also be provided to these
parks for early establishment of textiles manufacturing units there.
PM’s 5F Vision
PM MITRA initiative is motivated by PM Modi’s 5F vision of- “farm to fibre; fibre to factory; factory to

fashion; and fashion to foreign”.
SVAMITVA: PM distributes 1.7 lakh e-property cards in M.P
Prime Minister Narendra Modi interacted with the beneficiaries of Svamitva scheme in Madhya Pradesh on
October 6, 2021.
Highlights
On the occasion, PM also distributed e-property cards to 1,71,000 beneficiaries under the SVAMITVA
scheme.
SVAMITVA Scheme
SVAMITVA Scheme stands for “Survey of Villages Abadi and Mapping with Improvised Technology in
Village Areas”. It is a central sector scheme. It is implemented by the “Ministry of Panchayati Raj”. The
scheme is implemented with the aim of providing property rights to residents across rural areas. The
scheme will also make way to use property as a financial asset by villagers to take loans and other financial
benefits in urban areas. It also aims to demarcate inhabited lands in rural areas using latest surveying
drone-technology. Thus, the scheme also boosts the ecosystem of drone manufacturing in India.
Background
Central government had launched the SVAMITVA scheme on April 24, 2021 marking the National Panchayati
Raj Day. This scheme is a collaborative effort of the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, State Revenue Department,
State Panchayati Raj Departments and Survey of India. It aims to provide an integrated property validation
solution in rural India.
Mapping of land
The scheme conducts the mapping of land parcels across rural inhabited areas using drones and
Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS). Under the scheme, mapping will be done in India in a
phase-wise manner for a period of four years that is “2020 to 2024”.
Objectives of the scheme
1. To create accurate land records for rural planning, in order to reduce property related disputes
2. To bring financial stability for rural citizens by enabling them to use their property as a financial asset
to take loans etc.
3. To determine property tax.
NASA To Launch Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission
American Space Agency, NASA has announced to launch “asteroid-killing Double Asteroid Redirection
Test (DART) spacecraft” on November 24, 2021.
Key Points
The spacecraft will be launched, aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket.
It will be launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base, California.
Under this mission, NASA will build advanced technologies which would protect the Earth from
hazardous asteroid collision.
Background
NASA is planning for this spacecraft because astronomers and scientists have been warning that; asteroids
might cause most damage if proper defence system is not developed against them. For instance, an
asteroid collision caused the extinction of dinosaurs from planet 66 million years ago.
Function of the spacecraft
The DART mission is based on the idea of developing a defence system against asteroid collision. It has
reached to its final stages of development. Under the mission, spacecraft will be sent towards Didymos
asteroid system, approximately 109.4 crore kilometres away from Earth. Didymos system comprise of two
asteroids namely, Didymos and Dimorphos. The spacecraft will ram into Dimorphos in order to determine

if kinetic impactor technology can be a reliable method to deflect asteroids. Kinetic impactor technology
requires flying the spacecraft directly into a small Solar System body.
Speed of the spacecraft
This suicidal spacecraft will collide into the system at the speed of 24,140 kmph.
Who built the spacecraft?
This spacecraft has been built and developed at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL).
About DART spacecraft
DART spacecraft comprises of a compact Roll-Out Solar Arrays (ROSA) and a Didymos Reconnaissance &
Asteroid Camera for Optical (DRACO) navigation.
WHO approves world's first Malaria vaccine
The World Health Organization (WHO) on October 6, 2021 endorsed the Malaria Vaccine called
“RTS,S/AS01”.
Highlights
RTS,S/AS01 is the world’s first vaccine against the mosquito-borne disease which kills around
400,000 people in a year. Most of the deaths are report among African children.
This decision was taken following a review of a pilot programme deployed since 2019 across the
countries like Kenya, Ghana, and Malawi where more than two million doses of the vaccine were
given.
This vaccine was first made in 1987 by pharmaceutical company GSK.
As per findings, vaccine resulted into reduction of severe malaria cases by 30 percent
Vaccine doses
WHO has recommended that, children up to the age of two, in sub-Saharan Africa and in other regions
having moderate to high malaria transmission should get four doses.
Deaths due to Malaria
According to WHO, a child dies of Malaria every two minutes. As per WHO’s 2019 data, more than half of
malaria deaths across the world were reported in six sub-Saharan African countries. A quarter of the deaths
were reported in Nigeria alone.
Malaria Vaccine
There are many existing vaccines against viruses and bacteria. But this is the first time that WHO
recommended to use a vaccine against human parasite. This vaccine acts against plasmodium falciparum,
which is one of five malaria parasite and the deadliest among all. RTS,S vaccine is known by the brand
name Mosquirix. It requires four injections and has a relatively low efficacy.
Most effective malaria vaccine
R21/Matric-M is the most effective malaria vaccine discovered so far. It has the efficacy of 77%. This is the
first vaccine which meets WHO’s goal of a malaria vaccine with at least 75% efficacy.
UAE announces Probe targeting asteroid between Mars & Jupiter
United Arab Emirates (UAE) announced its plan to send a probe on an asteroid between Mars and Jupiter
for collecting data regarding origins of the universe.
Key Facts
If this mission is successful, UAE will join the elite club of the European Union, Japan and the United
States. These countries have already completed its mission either an asteroid or a comet.
UAE’s mission would remain behind on the asteroid and transmit back the information regarding the
composition of asteroid on the Earth.
Project will be launched in 2028 and will landing on asteroid in 2033.
During a five-year journey, spacecraft will travel around 3.6 billion kilometres.

It will need to slingshot first across Venus and then Earth for gathering enough speed to reach an
asteroid located around 560 million kilometres away.
Partnering agency
Space Agency of UAE will partner with the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics of University of
Colorado to develop this project. Laboratory will offer a cost and describe what particular features of the
asteroid to UAE’s space agency.
Background
This project was announced in the backdrop of first successful launch of “Hope probe” in orbit of Mars in
February 2021. The car-size “Hope” mission was worth $200 million.
UAE’s mission on Moon
UAE has also planned to send an unmanned spacecraft to the moon in the year 2024.
Human Colony on Mars
UAE has also set the ambitious goal of building a human colony on Mars by 2117.
ICMR releases MUDRA Toolbox in 5 Indian languages
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) released “Multilingual Dementia Research and Assessment
(MUDRA) toolbox” in five Indian Languages on October 5, 2021.
Key Facts
Toolbox was launched in order to expand the care and outreach to people suffering from dementia.
Toolbox has been launched in languages including Hindi, Bengali, Kannada, Telugu and Malayalam.
About MUDRA Toolbox
MUDRA Toolbox project is led by the ICMR Neuro-Cognitive Tool Box (ICMR-NCTB) partnership. It seeks to
improve dementia and mild cognitive impairment research & therapeutic practices in India. To implement
this project, ICMR-NCTB has collaborated with AIIMS (New Delhi), NIMHANS (Bengaluru), NIMS
(Hyderabad), SCTIMST (Thiruvananthapuram), Manipal Hospital (Bengaluru), Apollo Hospital (Kolkata) and
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College.
Use of the toolbox
Toolbox comprise of several cognitive tests which can be used to examine several aspects of cognition
such as executive functioning, speech, memory, and visuospatial functions. It is sensitive to the elements
affective cognitive test performance like language, education, and culture.
Dementia cases in India
Dementia is a neurological illness which affects the ability of person to perform activities of daily living. It
creates a loss in memory. As per Alzheimer’s and Related Disorders Society of India (ARDSIDementia),
currently more than 5.29 million persons are living with dementia in India. By 2030, number of dementia
patients is expected to reach 7.61 million.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
ICMR is the apex body to formulate, coordinate and promote biomedical research. It is one of the oldest and
largest medical research bodies across the world. It is funded through the Department of Health Research
of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
Annual International G-20 Conference- Highlights
th
13 Annual International G-20 conference was held on October 6, 2021. India was represented by Finance
Minister (FM) Nirmala Sitharaman.
Highlights
During the conference, FM noted that, India is working for identifying the vacuum areas in
international policy coordination, in the backdrop of assuming the G20 presidency in 2023.
India is also working for strengthening the effectiveness of institutions such as FATF (Financial

Action Task Force)and IMF (International Monetary Fund).
According to FM, G20 presidency will provide an excellent platform for India for putting forward its
vision regarding the future reflecting sustainability, innovation, inclusiveness and justice.
Road to India’s 2023 presidency is interesting and challenging.
Presidency of G20
Emerging market economies will hold the presidency for G20 presidency till 2025. Indonesia will hold it in
2022 while India in 2023.
Themes and Priorities set by India
Themes and priorities that India has placed before the G20 reflects those issues wherein emerging market
economies can work jointly in order to enable G20 to play a more constructive role across the global policy
arena. The theme will also reaffirm the importance of multilateral cooperation and ensure that
multilateralism leads to expansion of opportunities. It will also provide direction to G20 in reaching out to
global community beyond the G20 membership.
Impact of US taper tantrum on India
On US ‘taper tantrum’ impact on India, FM said, India has learnt its lessons from the taper tantrum that led
India to being included in ‘fragile five’ economies.
What is taper tantrum phenomenon?
The taper tantrum phenomenon denotes the 2013 collective reactionary response which triggered an
increase in US treasury yields, after investors came to know that US Federal Reserve was slowly putting
holds on its quantitative easing (QE) programme. This move has led to inflation in double digits across the
emerging economies.
Moody’s upgrades outlook on India’s sovereign rating to Stable
Rating agency Moody’s Investors Service upgraded the sovereign rating outlook of India to stable from
negative.
Highlights
This rating was upgraded citing reduced risks from COVID-19 as well as negative feedback between
real economy & financial system.
Moddy’s has retained India’s rating at Baa3. It reflects the lowest investment grade rating.
Moody’s further expects that real GDP will surpass pre-pandemic levels of 2019-20 in the year 2021
itself. This is because the ongoing economic recovery is picking up as the activity are broadening
across sectors.
Moody’s expects that 2021-22 will record a growth of 9.3% in GDP.
Background
Moody’s had downgraded India’s sovereign rating to Baa3 from Baa2 in June 2020 with a negative outlook.
Why Moody’s has upgraded the rating?
As per Moody’s, downside risks on growth because of coronavirus infection waves are lowering because of
rising vaccination rates and selective use of restrictions on economic activity. Furthermore, higher capital
cushions and greater liquidity highlights that banks & non-bank financial institutions have a lesser risk to
the sovereign now.
Impact on fiscal deficit
According to Moody’s, economic environment will lead to a gradual reduction of general government fiscal
deficit in next few years. It will also prevent further deterioration of sovereign credit profile.
Real GDP
In the medium term, Moody’s predicts that real GDP will increase to around 6%, reflecting a rebound in
activity to levels at potential. This growth was predicted by taking into account the weak infrastructure,

structural challenges as well as rigidities in labour, land & product markets.
Debt Burden
As per Moody’s, higher debt burden and weaker debt affordability will persists as compared to pre-
pandemic times. It will contribute to ‘lower fiscal strength’. This is why Moody’s has given Baa3 rating.
Anshu Malik:1st Indian woman wrestler to reach World Championship final
On October 6, 2021, Anshu Malik has become the first Indian woman wrestler to reach the final of 2021
World Wrestling Championships.
Key facts
She created this history after outclassing junior European champion Solomiia Vynnyk.
The 19-year-old wrestler from India and reigning Asian champion, Anshu, controlled the semi-final
from the beginning. She won by technical superiority in the 57 kg category.
Till date, only four Indian women wrestlers have won medals at the Worlds, namely Geeta Phogat in
2012, Babita Phogat in 2012, Pooja Dhanda in 2018 while Vinesh Phogat in 2019. All of them have
clinched bronze medal.
Anshu has also became only the sixth Indian ever to make the Worlds gold medal match. Before her,
Bishambar Singh, Sushil Kumar, Amit Dahiya, Bajrang Punia and Deepak Punia have made to the gold
medal match.
India has only one world Champion, named Sushil Kumar.
Who is Anshu Malik?
Anshu Malik is an Indian freestyle wrestler. She won gold in the 60 kg category in the Cadet Wrestling
Championships. She won one of the bronze medals in 57 kg category at the 2020 Asian Wrestling
Championships, that was held in New Delhi, in 2020. She also won the silver medal in women’s 57 kg event
at 2020 Individual Wrestling World Cup, Serbia. In Asian Wrestling Championships 2021, she won Gold
medal. She belongs to the family of wrestlers. Coach Jagdeesh is her coach, who give her training at
Chaudhary Bharat Singh Memorial Sports School in Nidani. Her father Dharamvir Malik, was an international
wrestler and has worked with the CISF.
October 8, 2021
World Bank Report- Shifting Gears: Digitization and Services-Led Development
As per World Bank’s report titled “Shifting Gears: Digitization and Services-Led Development”, Indian
economy is expected to increase by 8.3% in the fiscal year 2021-2022.
As per report, in the next financial year, India’s economic prospects will be determined by its pace of
vaccination against covid-19 and successful implementation of agriculture & labour reforms.
India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 20.1% in first quarter (April-June quarter) of
financial year 2021-22 in the backdrop of “a significant base effect, limited damage to domestic
demand and strong export growth”.
In the first quarter of financial year 2020-21, GDP of India was contracted by 24.4% because of
nationwide coronavirus lockdown.
The World Bank also observed that the disruption in India’s economy during the second wave of the
pandemic was limited, compared to the first.
World Bank on economic recovery
As per World Bank report, economic recovery across various sectors in India has been unequal.
Manufacturing & construction sectors recovered steadily in 2021. But, low-skilled individuals, self-employed
people, women and small firms were left behind.

Base Effect
Economic data such as ‘GDP growth rate’ are calculated on year-on-year basis. Thus, a low growth rate in
the previous year leads to low base for the number in current year.
How India will recover?
As per report, the extent of recovery in financial year 2021-’22 will depend on how faster household incomes
recover and activity across informal sector & smaller firms normalises.
What are the risks?
Risks associated with the extent of recovery include- worsening of financial sector stress, slowdown in
vaccination, higher inflation constraining monetary-policy support etc.
October 7: World Cotton Day 2021
World Cotton Day was observed on October 7, across the world, in a bid to raise awareness regarding the
cotton sector among people.
Key Points
UN World Cotton Day (WCD) is celebrated annually on October 7 with the aim of raising awareness
regarding the critical role of cotton sector in international trade, economic development and poverty
alleviation.
Annual celebration of the day provides a unique opportunity to recognize historic importance of
cotton as global commodity.
Theme of World Cotton Day 2021
World Cotton Day 2021 was observed under the theme- “Cotton for Good”. This theme celebrates the
enduring positive impact of cotton, such as providing employment, giving us natural fibres and protecting
environment.
Furthermore, according to experts, cotton has a negative carbon footprint because it degrades 95 per cent
faster as compared to polyester in wastewater. Thus, it helps in keeping the environment clean.
Background of World Cotton Day
World Trade Organisation (WTO) had launched the “World Cotton Day” in 2019 at the initiative of four
cotton-producing sub-Saharan African states namely Benin, Chad, Burkina Faso and Mali. The day offered
an opportunity of sharing knowledge and showcasing cotton-related activities.
About Cotton
Cotton is the only agricultural crop that provide both food and fibre. It is used in every other cloth because it
is comfortable, breathable, hypoallergenic and durable. Cotton is grown in 75 countries of 5 continents,
sustaining about 28.67 million growers. Cotton is the major source of livelihood as this sector provides
employment and income in the rural areas.
Annual revenue from cotton
As per International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC), annual revenue from cotton is about USD 41.2
billion while, cotton trade accounts to USD 18 billion per year. As per UN, cotton crop is resistant to climatic
changes. So, it can be planted in dry and arid zones. The fibre occupies only 2.1 per cent of the world’s
arable land, but it meets 27 percent of the textile needs of world.
Guidelines for PM-CARES for Children scheme
Ministry of Women and Child Development issued a detailed guidelines for “PM CARES for Children
Scheme” on October 7, 2021.
Background
Guidelines were issued in the backdrop of announcement made by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on May
29, 2021 regarding a comprehensive support for children who lost both their parents amid the Covid-19
pandemic.

About PM CARES for Children Scheme
PM CARES for Children Scheme has been launched with the objective of ensuring comprehensive
care and protection of those children who lost their parent(s) due to the pandemic, in a sustained
manner.
Scheme would also enable their wellbeing by providing them health insurance, empower them by
education and equip them with financial support for self-sufficient existence when they will reach 23
years of age.
Scheme will provide support to these children through convergent approach and gap funding to
ensure health, education, monthly stipend from the age of 18 years. They will also be given a lump
sum amount of Rs. 10 lakhs, at the age of 23.
Enrolment Procedure
Eligible children are required to register themselves from May 29, 2021 to December 31, 2021 in order to
avail benefits of the Scheme. Scheme will run till every identified beneficiary attains 23 years of age.
Entitlements under the scheme
Support will be provided for Boarding and Lodging by arranging suitable rehabilitation of the child
within extended family etc, or arranging foster care or placing them in gender appropriate Child Care
Institution (CCI).
Assistance will be given for Pre-school and School Education
Child will be assisted to obtain education loan for Professional courses or Higher Education across
India. If beneficiary is unable to avail interest exemption, then interest on this loan will be paid from
PM CARES for Children Scheme.
The lump sum amount will be transferred in post office account of beneficiaries directly.
Centre releases ₹40,000 crore as GST compensation
Central government released an amount of Rs 40,000 crore on October 7, 2021 to states and union
territories (UTs) with legislature.
Highlights
The amount was released under back-to-back loan facility for meeting the shortfall in GST
compensation.
Amount was released in addition to normal GST compensation which is being released every two
months out of actual cess collection.
In the fiscal year 2021-22, GST compensation is funded from borrowings of the Centre in five-year
securities, totalling Rs 23,500 crores at weighted average yield of 5.69%. It will also be funded in two-
year securities, totalling Rs 16,500 crores at a weighted average yield of 4.16% per annum.
With this release, total amount in the current financial year as back-to-back loans has equalled to Rs
1,15,000 crore.
Before this release, Ministry had given Rs 75,000 crores to states in July 2021.
Significance of the release
This release is expected to help states in planning their public expenditure, for improving health
infrastructure and launching new infrastructure projects.
Background
These amounts are being released in accordance to the decision taken by 43rd GST Council Meeting. In the
meeting, government had decided to borrow Rs 1.59 lakh crore in 2021-22 and release the among to states
on a back-to-back basis for meeting resource gap. Resource gap has been created due to inadequate
amount collected in compensation fund. This amount was decided on the basis of principles adopted in FY
2020-21, where Rs 1.10 lakh crores were released to states.

GST compensation cess
Central government provides “GST compensation cess” keeping the promise with states in the backdrop of
enactment of 101st constitutional Amendment Act, 2016 that made GST applicable from July 1, 2017. Under
GST, central and state indirect taxes were merged into a single tax. Thus, central government compensate
for any shortfall in tax revenue because of implementation of GST . This compensation would be given for a
period of five years.
UP: Judicial Commission for Lakhimpur Kheri probe
Uttar Pradesh government has set up a one-member Commission for probing “the Lakhimpur Kheri incident”
that took place recently in the state.
Highlights
In the Lakhimpur Kheri incident, eight people were killed.
The Judicial Commission has been given two months’ time to probe the incident.
Governor has appointed the judicial commission by exercising the powers conferred by section 3 of
the Commissions of Enquiry Act, 1952.
Single member commission will be headed by Justice High Court, Allahabad (retd) Pradeep Kumar
Srivastava.
Lakhimpur Kheri Violence
Lakhimpur Kheri violence took place on October 3, 2021. In the incident, eight people were killed. Out of
eight people, four were farmers. They were allegedly stroked down to ground by vehicles driven by BJP
workers travelling to welcome Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Keshav Prasad Maurya.
Arrest of the accused
Uttar Pradesh Police has arrested two accused, namely Ashish Pandey & Luv Kush so far, in connection with
the Lakhimpur Kheri case. Police have recovered two missed cartridges of .315 bore bullets from spot of
crime in Lakhimpur. Both the arrested individuals are among total of seven accused who were named in FIR.
Out of seven, three have died. Uttar Pradesh Police have also issued notice to Union Minister Ajay Kumar
Mishra & asked his son Ashish Mishra to appear before it on Oct 8. Meanwhile, Supreme Court has stepped
in and registered a suo motu case.
Nobel Prize in Literature 2021
Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 was conferred to Tanzanian novelist “Abdulrazak Gurnah”.
Key facts
The novelist was awarded with the Prize for his uncompromising & compassionate penetration of “effects
of colonialism” and fate of refugees in the gulf between cultures & continents.
Who is Abdulrazak Gurnah?
Abdulrazak Gurnah was born in the year 1948. He grew up on the island of Zanzibar in Indian Ocean. Later
he arrived in England as a refugee in 1960’s. He worked as Professor of English & Postcolonial Literatures
at the University of Kent, Canterbury. He has published ten novels and several short stories.
First Literature
His work revolves around the theme of the refugee’s disruption. He started writing as a 21-year-old in
English exile. Even though Swahili was his first language, he made English his literary tool. He consciously
breaks with convention to highlight the indigenous populations. As a result, his novel ‘Desertion’ about a
love affair becomes a contradiction to “the imperial romance”.
Cultural Interests
Alfred had broad cultural interests. He developed literary interests during his early youth, that lasted
throughout his life. His library comprised of a rich selection of literature in different languages. He tried his
hand as an author & started writing fiction during the last years of his life.

People recognised under this category
Academy has recognised 117 people for their literary creations, so far. Out of them, 16 are women.
2020 Nobel Prize in Literature
2020 Nobel Prize in Literature was given to American poet Louise Gluck, who is professor of English at Yale
University. He was awarded for her unmistakable poetic voice
India Joins High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People
India has officially joined the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People, on October 7, 2021.
Key facts
India Joined the coalition at ceremony held between the French and Indian governments in New Delhi.
“High Ambition Coalition (HAC) for Nature and People” is a group of more than 70 countries which
encourages the adoption of global goal to protect 30×30.
Members of HAC
HAC members presently comprise of a mix of countries in global north and south. Asia, Africa, European
and Latin American countries are among the members of HAC. India became the first emerging economy
from BRICS bloc to join the HAC.
Biodiversity Meeting
India’s announcement was done in the backdrop of lead up to a high-level biodiversity meeting which will be
hosted by China. This virtual meeting will take place from October 11 to October 15. Meeting will discuss
the key aspects of “biodiversity treaty” which is to be finalized in 2022. Global 30×30 goal is the centrepiece
of biodiversity treaty.
Background
India’s goal to join the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People, was initiated in January 2021 in Paris
at the “One Planet Summit”. On the opening of COP15, Ambassador of France to India (Mr. Emmanuel
Lenain) said that on India joining the High Ambition Coalition will be a real game changer. This move will
boost multilateral efforts, since India is a major player for biodiversity protection.
Aim of the coalition
The HAC coalition aims for promoting an international agreement in order to protect at least 30 percent of
world’s land and ocean by 2030.
IAF celebrates 89th anniversary
Indian Air Force is celebrating its 89th Foundation Day on October 8, 2021.
Key facts
Air Force Day parade is being held at the Hindon airbase, Ghaziabad.
Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat, Chief of Army Staff General MM Naravane and Chief of
Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh are attending the event.
The parade was inspected by IAF Chief Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari.
This occasion is being celebrated as ‘Swarnim Vijay Varsh’, to commemorate the victory of 1971 war.
On the occasion, VR Chaudhari also presented the Vayu Sena Medal – Gallantry to the officers.
Indian Air Force (IAF)
IAF is the air arm of Indian Armed Forces. It was formed on October 8, 1932 as an auxiliary air force in
British Empire. Complement of personnel and aircraft assets of IAF are ranked fourth across the air forces
of the world. IAF works with the primary mission of securing Indian airspace. It also conducts aerial warfare
during armed conflict. British Empire honoured India’s aviation service with prefix Royal during World War II.
The name “Royal Indian Air Force” was kept after India gained independence in 1947. Prefix Royal was
removed in 1950, when government transitioned to a Republic.

Supreme Commander of IAF
President of India is the Supreme Commander of IAF. The Chief of Air Staff, is responsible for bulk of
operational command of IAF.
RBI Monetary Policy Committee Announcements
Three-membered Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) maintained an
accommodative stance and kept the repo rate unchanged at 4 per cent, in order to revive & sustain growth
and reduce the impact of Covid-19 pandemic.
Key points
Monetary Policy Committee has also ensured that inflation remains within the target.
Reverse repo rate was also kept as earlier at 3.35 per cent.
Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate and bank rate also remain unchanged at 4.25 per cent.
Policy rate revision
This was the eighth consecutive time that RBI has maintained a status quo on policy rate. The central bank
had last revised its policy rate on May 22, 2020, in an off-policy cycle in order to boost the demand by
cutting interest rates.
Status of economic activities
According to RBI Governor, high-frequency indicators point that economic activity has gained momentum.
Core inflation is still sticky. In July-September, CPI inflation was lower than expected. Currently, India is in a
much better place as compared to the last MPC meeting. Now, growth impulses are strengthening. Inflation
trajectory is also favourable than it was expected.
MPC’s GDP Forecast
MPC has retained the GDP forecast for FY 2021-22 at 9.5 per cent. GDP projection for Q2 FY22 is estimated
at 7.9 per cent, Q3 at 6.8 percent while Q4 at 6.1 per cent. Real GDP growth for Q1 of FY 2022-23 is
forecasted as 17.2 per cent.
CPI inflation
For financial year 2021-22, CPI inflation is projected at 5.3 per cent.
Food inflation
As per RBI, food inflation is predicted to remain muted in upcoming months, as a result of record production
of food-grains.
PM Modi to launch 'Indian Space Association'
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, is set to digitally launch the ‘Indian Space Association’ (ISpA) on October 11,
2021.
Highlights
Indian Space Association (ISpA) is the premier industry association of space and satellite companies.
ISpA is represented by leading home grown and global corporations having advanced capabilities in
space & satellite technologies.
Founding members of ISpA include Nelco (Tata group), Bharti Airtel, Larsen & Toubro, Mapmyindia,
OneWeb, Walchandnagar Industries and Ananth Technology Limited.
Core members include BEL, Godrej, Hughes India, Centum Electronics, Azista-BST Aerospace Private
Limited and Maxar India.
Function of ISpA
In line with the Prime Minister’s vision of Atma Nirbhar Bharat, ISpA aspires become the collective voice of
Indian Space industry. It will undertake Policy Advocacy as well as engage with all the stakeholders in
Indian Space sector. It will also engage with the Government and its Agencies for making India self-reliant,
technologically advanced and a leading player in space sector.

India’s space industry
Space industry of India is driven by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Space industry
comprise of more than 500 private suppliers and other various bodies from Department of Space. There are
comparatively low independent private agencies. However, private sector has been gaining an increased
role since 21st century. Space industry of India accounted for $7 billion in 2019 that is 2% of the world’s
space industry.
October 11, 2021
Nationwide River Ranching Programme launched in Uttar Pradesh
Union Minister for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Parshottam Rupala, launched the River Ranching
Programme on October 8, 2021.
Highlights
The programme was launched at Brijghat, Garh Mukteshwar, Uttar Pradesh
Along with Uttar Pradesh, other 4 states namely, Orissa, Uttarakhand, Tripura and Chhattisgarh also
participated in the launch of ‘nationwide River Ranching program’.
3 lakhs fingerlings were ranched at 3 sites in UP, namely, Brijghat, Tigri, Meerut, Garhmukteshwar and
Bijnor.
In Uttar Pradesh, about 500 people participated in the national level launching of River Ranching
program.
1 lakh fingerlings were ranched at Chandi Ghat, Ganga River in Haridwar district of Uttarakhand.
85 lakh of fingerlings were ranched at 4 sites of Tripura namely, Gomati River in Udaipur; Khowai river
in Teliamura; Dhalai river in Kamalpur and Deo River in Dashamighat. About 218 participants attended
the program.
River Ranching Programme
River ranching programme was introduced as special activity under the ‘Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada
Yojana (PMMSY) scheme to augment and enhance fish production and productivity by expanding,
intensifying, diversifying and utilizing land & water productively.
Who is the implementing agency?
National Fisheries Development Board, Hyderabad is the nodal agency under central component of the
PMMSY. The board has been designated by the “Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries”.
What is the need of programme?
As the human population is growing, requirement of high-quality protein & demand of fish is increasing
gradually. Thus, to promote sustainable use and conservation of fishery resources in an economical and
environmentally responsible manner, River Ranching Programme was launched. This programme will help in
achieving sustainable fisheries, conserving biodiversity, assessing ecosystem services, reducing habitat
degradation and maximizing social-economic benefits. It will also ensure the upgradation of traditional
fishery, trade & social protection of Inland communities and ecosystem sustainability.
Coal Shortage Crisis in India
As per data of “Central Electricity Authority of India”. India is facing an unprecedented shortage of coal
stocks across the thermal plants which might lead to a power crisis.
Highlights
Of total 135 thermal plants using coal for power generation, 106 or nearly 80 per cent were either in
critical or supercritical stage, on October 5. These power plants had stocks for next 6-7 days only.
As of now, three thermal power stations in Punjab, thirteen in Maharashtra, four in Kerala are shut due
to shortage of coal.
However, Union Power Minister R K Singh stated that there is no shortage of power Delhi. He also
assured that coal supply will be maintained in times to come.
The Coal Ministry also said that India has adequate coal stocks. As per coal ministry, low inventory
doesn’t mean power generation would stop because stock of coal is being continuously replenished.
Why there is shortage of coal?
Possible reasons for shortage of coal in India include-
1. Excess rainfall, that hit the coal movement.
2. Imported coal-based power plants are generating less than half of their capacity because of high
prices.
3. Increase in Power Demand as the economy is recovering from the Covid-19 pandemic.
4. Coal based thermal power plants have supplied a higher proportion of increase in demand. Share of
thermal power has increased to 66.4% from 61.9% in 2019.
5. Slower imports along with high international prices of coal have led to cut in imports.
Possible Impacts of Coal Shortage
Coal shortage and electricity shortage might delay the economic reopening in India. It will hit hard the
underdeveloped energy infrastructure in India.
PM Modi to launch first ever ‘PM Gati Shakti’ Masterplan
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to launch first ever National Infrastructure Masterplan called “Pradhan
Mantri Gati Shakti”. This masterplan will be launched on October 13, 2021.
Key Points
Gati Shakti scheme was announced by PM Modi on Independence Day, 2021.
This Masterplan will bring together 16 Ministries and seven core infrastructure sectors, on a single
platform in order to synergise project planning across stakeholder ministries for avoiding duplication,
plug gaps and expedite clearances at the right time.
About Gati Shakti Platform
Gati Shakti platform was launched to provide information instantaneously. It will allow for better
coordination among ministries. Gati Shakti Scheme was launched with the aim of achieving three basic
goals namely,
1. Seamless multimodal connectivity for facilitating easy movement of goods & people,
2. Improved prioritisation, optimal usage of resources, timely creation of capacities, and
3. Resolution of issues like disjointed planning, standardisation & clearances.
Aim of the Master Plan
This Master Plan will provide a framework for ‘National Infrastructure Pipeline program’.
The plan also aims to make Indian products more competitive by cutting down their logistics costs
and improving supply chains. It also aims to give a foundation for holistic infrastructure and an
integrated pathway for the economy.
It will the local manufacturers of India in turning globally competitive.
Apart from that, this scheme of worth over one hundred lakh crore rupees will create employment
opportunities for the youth.
It seeks to attract investment from worldwide to improve the infrastructure in India and will provide
new direction & fresh momentum for overall infrastructure development in India.
Significance of the Plan
It is a seamless multi-modal connectivity platform and will ensure seamless movement of goods & people
and will enhance ease of living & ease of doing business.
India, UK sign Forward Action Plan on power
India and the United Kingdom have inked pact on ‘Forward Action Plan on power & clean transportation,

renewables, green finance, and green energy research” under its 2030 roadmap.
Highlights
‘Forward Action Plan’ was discussed at the “3rd India-UK Energy for Growth Partnership – Ministerial Energy
Dialogue”, in the backdrop of “United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP-26)” which is set to start
from October 31 in Glasgow.
Key discussions held during meeting
Both the countries deliberated and agreed on a ‘Forward Action Plan. The action plan covers several
topics such as energy storage, smart grids, charging infrastructure, green hydrogen, battery storage
and need of mobilising investments across renewable energy.
This action plan was agreed upon in the backdrop of India and the UK plan of exploring the possibility
to set up a “world bank for green energy”.
Energy transition was also a major area of discussion. Both the ministers discussed regarding the
ongoing energy transition activities in their respective countries. Primary focus area in the meeting
was renewables like solar, wind, EVs and other alternative fuels.
There hasn’t been much grip on the Green Climate Fund that was set up to provide $100 billion
annually to the developing nations by 2020 in a bid to counter climate change.
The UK had also announced a $1.2 billion package for public and private investment earlier, in green
& renewable energy projects. It also expressed its plan to collaborate with India on green hydrogen.
Green hydrogen
It is produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyser which is powered by electricity
from renewable energy like wind and solar. This can be a game change for energy sector in India and help in
reducing imports. India currently imports 85% of its oil and 53% of its gas demand.
India-Croatia joins hands for research in Traditional Medicine Systems
India joined hands with Croatia and inked a MoU for research & development in Indian traditional medicine
systems and for promoting Ayurveda in Europe.
Key Points
Croatian government is planning to package Ayurveda and Yoga from India, along with its tourism.
One of the goals of MoU is to connect European members for a more comprehensive offer of health
and tourism products.
To implement the plan, Ministry of Ayush has signed an agreement with the Croatia Heal Ministry for
academic collaboration in Indian traditional medicine system.
MoU was signed between All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) and Croatia’s Kvarner Health Tourism
Cluster.
Under the agreement, both the countries would undertake academic activities in Ayurveda in
association with the identified institutions.
Significance of the MoU
The agreement is significant because it will help in promoting Indian traditional medicine system across
European countries. It is a significant step to boost India’s ties with other countries and promote academic
research, medical education, clinical & educational activities, training, and competency building.
About India-Croatia Relations
India-Croatia Relations have been friendly since the era of former Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia disintegrated into
six new countries during 1990s due to political upheavals & conflicts during early 1990s. These six
countries are- Bosnia & Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. Croatia is an
important Central European country because of its geo-strategic location and membership of the European
Union & NATO. The country is a significant Gateway to Europe through the Adriatic coastline.

Telangana to test Mobile-based e-voting system
The Telangana State Election Commission has planned to conduct a dry run of a “Mobile-Based e-voting
system”.
Highlights
The development of this system is guided by the necessity of holding polls in India amid the Covid-19
pandemic.
This system, if successful, will facilitate to vote using smartphones from home.
The dry run will be held in Khammam district of Telangana on October 20.
It will be India’s first smartphone-based e-voting process.
Registration procedure
Voters can register themselves for the dry run, using the smartphone application in between October 8 and
18.
Implementing Agency
The state election commission of Telangana is implementing the system in association with the emerging
technologies wing of IT Electronics and Communications (ITE&C) department of Telangana government and
technical development by ‘Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC)’.
Use of Artificial Intelligence
Mobile-based e-voting system will make use of Artificial Intelligence for a three-factor authentication of the
valid voter. System will match the voter’s name with the Aadhaar, detect individual liveness and match
image using EPIC database comprising of around 20-year-old records.
Blockchain (Distributed Ledger) technology
This technology has been used to secure de-identified and encrypted votes in order to maintain them as
immutable records.
TSEC eVote App
This smartphone application follows a minimalist design approach, supporting both English and Telugu
languages. It comprises of a detailed help section for tutorial videos and a helpline number to aid the
citizens. It is a security-hardened mobile application that will prevent any type of tampering. System cannot
be misused because it binds a device ID and phone number to a specific citizen registration process. Only
that device can be used during voting.
UN Human Rights Council recognises 'Right to a clean environment'
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) unanimously voted to recognise a clean, healthy &
sustainable environment as a universal right. This right was recognised by UNHRC on October 8, 2021 in
Geneva, Switzerland.
Highlights
Once the right is recognised by all, it would be the first of its kind in 70 years, ever since the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in 1948 by the UN General Assembly.
Right to clean environment
Right to a clean environment was first rooted in “1972 Stockholm Declaration”.
Background
This resolution was approved following a campaign led by 13000 civil society organisations & indigenous
peoples’ groups, 90,000 children, private sector stakeholders and the Global Alliance of National Human
Rights Institutions.
About the UN resolution
This resolution emphasises on “Rights to life, liberty and security” of human rights defenders who are
working in environmental matters. They are referred as environmental human rights defenders. Clean-

environment resolution was passed by the human rights council. The resolution also called on countries to
boost their abilities of improving the environment. It was passed by 43-0. Four member states namely India,
China, Japan and Russia were abstained.
What are the concerns of Environmental defenders?
Environmental defenders worldwide are subject to constant physical attacks, legal actions, detentions,
arrests, and smear campaigns. In 2020 alone, around 200 environmental defenders have been murdered.
This the UNEP has deepened its commitment to protect and promote environmental human rights defenders
in times to come.
United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)
UNHRC is a United Nations body that seeks to promote and protect human rights worldwide. Council
comprises of 47 members and they are elected for staggered three-year terms on a regional group basis. Its
headquarter is in Geneva, Switzerland.
October 10: World Mental Health Day
World Mental Health Day was observed across the world on October 10, 2021 with the objective of raising
awareness on mental health issues.
Key Points
The day is observed to gain support on initiatives related to mental health and well-being.
This year, world mental health is more significant because Covid-19 has majorly impacted the mental
health of people.
World Health Assembly
During the World Health Assembly in May 2021, governments from across the world recognised the need of
scaling up quality mental health services at all the levels. Some of the countries have found new ways to
provide mental health care to their populations.
World Mental Health Day campaign 2021
During the World Mental Health Day 2021 campaign, WHO will showcase the efforts made in some of the
countries to inspire other countries to initiate & find new ways to provide mental health care support. The
campaign is being organised by the World Health Organisation under the slogan: “Mental health care for all:
let’s make it a reality”.
About World Mental Health Day
World Mental Health Day is an international day for global mental health awareness, education and
advocacy against the social stigma. The day was first observed in the year 1992 at an initiative of World
Federation for Mental Health. This federation is a global mental health organization comprising of members
& contacts from more than 150 countries. In some countries, like in Australia, this day is part of an
awareness week.
Football: Sunil Chhetri equals Pele with 77th goal
Sunil Chhetri has equalled the legendary Pele by making the 77th international goal as his 83rd minute
strike, on October 10, 2021.
Key Points
77th goal by Chhetri during the strike helped India to beat Nepal by 1-0.
This goal also saved his side from the verge of elimination in SAFF Championships.
This achievement was made by Chhetri while playing in his 123rd match for India.
He is now placed on joint third with Ali Mabkhout from UAE, in the list of highest scorers among
active footballers.
He is behind Cristiano Ronaldo with 112 goals and Lionel Messi with 79 goals.

About SAFF Championship 2021
Seven-time champions India has now been placed at the third place with five points from three matches in
“five-team table”. India is placed below Maldives with six points from three matches and Nepal with six
points from three matches. India still needs to win the final round-robin league match against hosts
Maldives in order to make it for the final.
South Asian Football Federation Championship (SAFF Championship)
SAFF championship was earlier known as “South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation Gold Cup”.
This championship is an international association football competition of men’s national football teams. It
is governed by South Asian Football Federation (SAFF). All seven teams namely Bangladesh, India, Bhutan,
Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, are eligible to compete in this tournament. This tournament is held
every two years. Afghanistan is the latest country to join SAFF in 2005. However, Afghanistan quit this
association in 2015 and became a founding member of Central Asian Football Association (CAFA).
India agrees to $200 mn LoC to support Kyrgyzstan
According to External Affairs Minister (EAM), S Jaishankar, India has agreed on USD 200 million Line of
Credit support for the developmental projects in Kyrgyzstan.
Key Facts
This line of credit was agreed upon after meeting between EAM S. Jaishankar and Kyrgyz Foreign
Minister Ruslan Kazakbaev in Bishkek.
Kazakhstan is the current Chair and initiator of CICA Forum.
Jaishankar is also expected to hold bilateral talks with Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of
Kazakhstan, Mukhtar Tileuberdi.
During the meeting, Jaishankar also discussed the need of early travel of Indian students and liberal
visa regime between both the countries.
India-Kyrgyz Republic Relations
Diplomatic relations between India and Kyrgyz Republic Relations have become more significant in the 21st
century. Initially in 1990s, it has remained passive. Both the countries seek to develop an extensive
commercial and strategic partnership in Central Asia region. India recognised independence of Kazakhstan
from the Soviet Union after Soviet Union got dissolved in 1992. In recent years, India is working towards
increasing its commerce and strategic ties with Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is significant because it occupies
a major territory in Central Asia comprising of extensive oil, natural gas and mineral reserves. India seeks to
expand its ties in the backdrop of increasing economic & strategic influence of China.
India-Kazakhstan Energy Cooperation
India is working for the development of nuclear energy industry as a clean alternative for satisfying its huge
energy needs. Kazakhstan has huge uranium required for nuclear energy. Thus, India is developing a strong
relationship with Kazakhstan.
Long haul freight trains ‘Trishul’ and ‘Garuda’ operated at SCR
Railways successfully operated two long haul freight trains called “Trishul” and “Garuda” for the first time in
South-Central Railway (SCR).
Highlights
These trains are twice or multiple times longer than normal composition of freight trains.
They provides an effective solution for the problem of capacity constraints in critical sections.
About Trishul
Trishul is the first long haul train of SCR comprising three freight trains, that is 177 wagons. The train was
started from ‘Kondapalli station of Vijayawada division’ to ‘Khurda division East Coast Railway’.

About Garuda
SCR is followed up with the similar train called Garuda on October 8. The train was started from Raichur of
Guntakal division to the Manuguru of Secunderabad division.
Features of the trains
Both the trains comprise of empty open wagons to load the coal which is meant for predominantly thermal
power stations. SCR is one among the five major freight loading railways. Several SCR freight traffic moves
in certain arterial routes like Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Renigunta, Gudur, Kazipet, Ballarshah,
Secunderabad, Guntakal sections and Guntur.
South Central Railway
It is one among the 18 zones of Indian Railways. Its jurisdiction is spread over Telangana, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The zone has three divisions under its administration,
namely Secunderabad, Hyderabad and Nanded. It was re-organized in the year 2019. Divisions of
Vijayawada, Guntakal and Guntur railway station were separated to form South Coast Railway zone. Its
headquarter is at Secunderabad railway station.
October 12, 2021
Nobel Prize in Economics 2021
Three United States-based economists namely, David Card, Joshua D Angrist and Guido W Imbens have
been conferred the “Nobel prize in Economics 2021”.
Highlights
They were conferred with the prize for their work on “use of natural experiments” on the impact of
minimum wage, immigration and education on the labour markets.
One half of the prize was awarded to David Card, while the other half of the prize is shared by Joshua
Angrist and Guido Imbens.
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences, is conferred in memory of Alfred Nobel and is widely
known as Nobel Prize for Economics.
This prize was started in the year 1968 by donation from central bank of Sweden called “Sveriges
Riksbank” to the Nobel Foundation in order to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the central bank.
Prize comprises of a 10 million Swedish kronor award money which roughly accounts for Rs 8.33
crore.
It is officially titled as “Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences” in the Memory of Alfred
Nobel”.
2021 edition
In the year 2021, David Card has been conferred the award “for his empirical contributions to labour
economics”. He analysed the effects of minimum wages, immigration and education on the labour
market.
Angrist and Imbens have been awarded “for their methodological contributions to the analysis of
causal relationships”. Both of them developed a research framework which have been adopted by
many researchers who work with observational data.
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021 was released by “United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP)” and “Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI)”.
Highlights
This report examines the level and composition of multidimensional poverty across 109 countries
covering 5.9 billion people.
It also takes into account several deprivations that people experience in their day to day lives such as
poor health, inadequate education and poor standard of living.
World Scenario
As per report, 1.3 billion people are multidimensionally poor, of which around 644 million are children
under age 18.
85 percent of them live in Sub-Saharan Africa (556 million) or South Asia (532 million).
67 percent of the poor live in middle-income countries.
1 billion poor are exposed to solid cooking fuels, inadequate sanitation and substandard housing.
788 million poor people live in household with at least one undernourished person.
568 million poor people do not have improved drinking water within a 30-minute round trip walk.
Indian Scenario
Scheduled Tribe group in India, which accounts for 9.4 percent of the population, is poorest. Out of
129 million people, 65 million are living in multidimensional poverty.
Out of 283 million scheduled caste group people, 94 million are living in multidimensional poverty.
In all, five out of six multidimensionally poor people live in households whose head is from a
Scheduled Tribe, a Scheduled Caste or Other Backward Class (OBCs).
About MPI
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was launched by the UNDP and the OPHI in the year 2010. MPI
uses three dimensions and ten indicators including:
1. Education: Years of schooling and child enrolment (1/6 weightage each)
2. Health: Child mortality and nutrition (1/6 weightage each)
3. Standard of living: Electricity, drinking water, flooring, sanitation, cooking fuel and assets (1/18
weightage each).
GI Tag for Karuppur kalamkari paintings, Kallakurichi wood carvings
The traditional dye-painted figurative called Karuppur Kalamkari Paintings, and Kallakuruchi wood carvings
have received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
Highlights
Kallakuruchi wood carvings is done using pens, palm stem, date trees, brushes made of bamboo stick
and coconut tree stems.
This certificate was issued the Geographical Indications Registry on the basis of an application filed
by Tamil Nadu Handicrafts Development Corporation (Poompuhar).
About Kalamkari
The Karuppur Kalamkari Paintings are done in Thanjavur region. These are traditional dye-painted figurative
and patterned clothes. They are made for temples like ceiling cloth, cylindrical hangings, umbrella covers
and chariot covers. Thanjavur tradition of Kalamkari had canopies, umbrella covers, thombai (cylindrical
hangings), and ‘thoranams’ (door hangings) comprising of motifs of yazhi, peacock, swan, flowers, and
images of deities. They are used in temples and mutts.
Background of Kalamkari
Artisans from Sikkalnaikkanpettai near Kumbakonam have been practicing this traditional art form for many
generations. Artisans enjoyed royal patronage in times of yore. Presently, this traditional art form is
practised at Karuppur in Udayarpalayam taluk of Ariyalur district as well as in villages around
Sikkalnaikkapettai and Tiruppanandal in Thanjavur district.
Kallakurichi Wood Carvings
These carvings are done for designs and ornaments. These are indigenous to Madurai region

Geographical Indication
GI is a tag used to identify products originating from a definite geographical territory and have some special
characteristics. The tag is governed by Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration & Protection) Act,
1999 in India. The Geographical Indications Registry, Chennai issues these tags. The tag is valid for a period
of 10 years. It is also a part of the “Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)” by World
Bank.
PM Modi to attend G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit on Afghanistan
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to attend the G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit on October 12, 2021.
Key Points
G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit will be organised to discuss the situation in Afghanistan.
This event will be convened by the G20 Italian Presidency in virtual mode.
Agenda of the meeting
During the meeting, top world leaders will discuss the response to humanitarian needs as well as access to
basic services & livelihood in Afghanistan. Leaders will also discuss the issues of counter terrorism,
security and human rights.
SCO-CSTO outreach summit
PM Modi had also participated in “SCO-CSTO outreach Summit” on Afghanistan. On the occasion, he had
highlighted the challenges associated with peace and security in the region. He had warned the countries
that, recent developments in Afghanistan could result into an uncontrolled flow of drugs, illegal weapons as
well as human trafficking.
Role of G20 in Afghanistan
The G20 grouping consists of 20 world’s major economies. This platform helps in building international
consensus as well as facilitate a coordinated approach between the multilateral organisations, including the
United Nations (UN) and its agencies. It also facilitates coordination among global and regional actors in
order to address the worsening humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan.
About Group of Twenty (G20)
G20 is an intergovernmental forum consisting of 19 countries and European Union (EU). The group
addresses major issues related to global economy like climate change mitigation, international financial
stability and sustainable development. This grouping was founded in 1999 in the backdrop of several world
economic crises. Since 2008, the group meets at least once a year. The G20 summits involves head of
government or state, foreign minister, finance minister, and other high-ranking officials. EU is represented
by European Commission and European Central Bank.
Germany launches World's First Self-Driving Train
German rail operator, Deutsche Bahn and industrial group, Siemens launched the first automated &
driverless train of the world on October 11, 2021.
Highlights
The self-driving train was launched in the city of Hamburg.
This train is more punctual and energy efficient as compared to traditional trains.
Country has planned to add four such trains to the S-Bahn rapid urban rail network of northern city.
These trains will start carrying passengers from December on the existing rail infrastructure.
Other cities such as Paris have driverless metros on the other hand, airports often have automated
monorail trains plying terminals. However, these trains run on exclusive single tracks while the
Hamburg train will share tracks with other regular trains.
World’s first self-driving train
This project is being developed by ‘Siemens and Deutsche Bahn’. It is being dubbed as “world first”. The

project is part of a 60-million-euro modernisation of rapid urban rail system of Hamburg. These automated
trains will offer a reliable service without laying a single kilometre of new track. These trains can transport
“up to 30 percent more passengers”. Besides improving the punctuality, these trains will save more than 30
percent of energy.
Who will run the trains?
Though the train is controlled by digital technology and is fully automated. But a driver will sit on the train to
supervise journeys of the passengers on board.
Deutsche Bahn
It is a German railway company, having its headquarter in Berlin. It is a private joint-stock company. The
Federal Republic of Germany is the only shareholder in the company. It is the second-largest transport
company in the world. In the year 2015, Deutsche Bahn was the largest railway company of the world by
revenue.
IEA invites India to become full-time member
International Energy Agency (IEA) has invited India to become its full-time member.
Key Points
This membership invitation was given in the light that, India is world’s third-largest energy consumer.
If this proposal is accepted, it will require India to increase its strategic oil reserved to 90 days
requirement.
Oil Minister Hardeep Singh Puri held discussions with IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol. During the
discussion, IEA executive director invited India to deepen its cooperation with IEA by becoming its full
member.
India as associate member
India became an associate member of the IEA in March 2017. IEA is a Paris-based body that advises
industrialised nations regarding the energy policies. In January 2021, IEA members & India agreed to enter
into a strategic partnership in order to strengthen their collaboration with respect to energy security and
clean energy transition.
IEA report
According to IEA report, India is becoming increasingly influential in global energy sector.
India’s demand for energy is set to increase rapidly in the coming decades, particularly the electricity
use.
India’s reliance on fuel imports will make the improving energy security a key priority for Indian
economy.
IEA members
IEA comprises of 30 member countries and eight associate nations. Four countries are seeking for a full
membership namely, Colombia, Chile, Israel and Lithuania.
Conditions for IEA members
As per IEA, a member country must maintain “crude oil and/or product reserves equal to 90 days of net
imports in previous year. For this purpose, government has immediate access and it can be used to address
disruptions in global oil supply. The current strategic oil reserves are equal to 9.5 days of its requirement, in
India. Furthermore, the IEA members has to show “a demand restraint programme for reducing national oil
consumption by up to 10%.
About IEA
IEA was founded in 1974 by industrialised countries under the framework of Organisation for Economic Co-
operation and Development (OECD).

Alexander Schellenberg appointed Austria's new Chancellor
On October 11, 2021, Alexander Schellenberg was elected as Austrian Chancellor after resignation of
Sebastian Kurz.
Highlights
Sebastian Kurz resigned because of his involvement in a corruption scandal.
Apart from Alexander, Michael Linhardt joined in for the role of foreign minister. He was the former
ambassador to France.
Appointment of both the persons helped in ending the crisis within the Austrian government, Austrian
People’s Party and Green Party Coalition.
Investigation against Kurz
Investigation against Kurz was related to a poll and was commissioned by the Austrian Ministry of Finance,
which supports the Austrian People’s Party and Kurz. As per investigators, misappropriation of funds from
Ministry of Finance for conducting public opinion surveys is in the interest of party’s political progress.
Publication of allegations in media group comes with more than 1.1 million euros for cooperation. However,
allegations were denied by media group. Kurz was accused for inciting bribery.
About Alexander Schallenberg
He is an Austrian diplomat, jurist and politician of Austrian People’s Party. He currently serves as the
Chancellor of Austria. In the second Kurz government, he has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He is a
member of the Schallenberg family. He is a graduate from College of Europe. He was a career diplomat &
became a mentor to Sebastian Kurz when he became foreign minister. Kurz selected him as the director of
strategic foreign policy planning as well as the head of European department.
Tunisia's President unveils new Government
President of Tunisia, Kais Saied, unveiled a new government on October 11, 2021.
Highlights
The President also gave no hint when he would give up his near total control, seizing most powers in
July 2021.
He also did not give any hint to start reforms which are required for a financial rescue package to
avert economic disaster.
Under rules President Kais Saied announced in September 2021 when he swept aside many of the
constitution moves and bring a new amendment that, cabinet will ultimately answer to him instead of
Prime Minister Najla Bouden.
Many of the main cabinet members, such as foreign and finance ministers, were serving President
Saied in an interim capacity, already. However, new interior minister is one among his stable allies.
Power of President Saied
Saied has thrust the democratic gains of 2011 revolution in Tunisia into doubt by seizing the executive
authority and suspension of elected parliament. He also provided no clear programme to restore normal
constitutional order. He also awarded himself the power to appoint a committee for amending the 2014
constitution and put it to a referendum.
Concerns in Tunisia
The delay in appointing the government has aggravated Tunisia’s urgent need of financial support by
stopping talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on a rescue package. Central Bank governor has
also warned of economic consequences. Furthermore, there are increasing fears of street
confrontations between his opponents.
Covid: WHO recommends 3rd dose for immunocompromised
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended for third dose of immunocompromised, following

a four-day meeting of the “Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization”. The final report
on the matter will be issued in December.
Key Points
According to SAGE, moderately & severely immunocompromised persons should be given an
additional dose of all WHO-approved vaccines.
This recommendation was made because these individuals are less likely to respond to vaccination
following a standard primary vaccine series. They are also at the high risk of
severe COVID-19 disease.
SAGE also recommends that, people aged 60 and older who are receiving Sinovac and Sinopharm
vaccines should get the third dose as well. However, use of other vaccines can also be considered on
the basis of supply and access.
While implementing this recommendation, Countries should maximize 2-dose coverage in that
population. Countries should administer the third dose, starting with the oldest age groups.
SAGE also reviewed a vaccine developed by ‘Bharat Biotech’ and will issue a policy recommendation
after WHO will allow its emergency use.
Global vaccine strategy by WHO
WHO also announced a Global vaccine strategy to end the COVID-19 pandemic by ensuring all people
across the world have access to vaccines. This strategy calls for inoculating 40 per cent of people across
the countries by the end of 2021 and 70 per cent by 2022. It provides for a three-step approach for
vaccination. Under the strategy, priority will be given to older people, high-risk groups of all ages and health
workers, followed by adults and then adolescents.
Malaria vaccine
SAGE along with WHO advisory group on malaria reviewed the evidence on world’s first malaria vaccine.
They recommended to use RTS,S/AS01 vaccine in areas with moderate to high transmission of the malaria.
Finance Ministry's Monthly Economic Review
The Ministry of Finance recently released its “Monthly Economic Review for September 2021”. According to
the report, Indian economy is on path of swift recovery from the impact of Covid-19 pandemic.
Key Findings
As per economic review report, sustained & robust growth in agriculture sector, rebound in
manufacturing & industry sector, resumption of services activity & revenues indicates that the Indian
economy is progressing well.
External sector continues to offer bright prospects to growth revival in India. The merchandise
exports of India have crossed USD 30-billion mark for the sixth consecutive month in fiscal year
2021-2022.
External debt-to-GDP ratio has declined to 20.2 per cent in June 2021, from 21.1 per cent in March
2021.
Rate of growth of bank credit was 6.7 per cent during September 2021 as compared to 5.3 per cent in
same period of year 2020.
Recovery is witnessed through e-way bills, sustained improvement in power consumption, rail freight
activity, robust GST collections and increase in air freight & passenger traffic.
Highway toll collections are also on higher side, posting a 21-month high.
Digital transactions have also increased.
Conclusion
The report concludes that strategic reforms & rapid vaccination drive has pulled India on the path of
recovery. This became possible because vaccination has enabled Indian economy to “navigate the ravaging

waves” of covid-19 pandemic.
Debt-to-GDP Ratio
The debt-to-GDP ratio is the ratio between government debt and its gross domestic product (GDP). Low
debt-to-GDP ratio indicates that, an economy is producing and selling goods & services sufficiently to pay
back debts without leading to further debt.
Rajnish Kumar joins BharatPe as Chairman
Former chief of State Bank of India, Rajnish Kumar, has joined the Board of BharatPe as chairman.
Key Points
Rajnish Kumar will get involved in defining the short-term and long-term strategies of companies.
He will also work closely with other Board Members and chief experience officer (CXOs) on key
regulatory and business initiatives.
BharatPe-Centrum Capital received an in-principal approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to
set up a small finance bank which will take over the Punjab Maharashtra Bank.
Function as chairman of BharatPe
As the chairman of BharatPe, Rajnish Kumar will advice and counsel the management of BharatPe regarding
the matters on business performance as well as corporate governance.
Term as Chairman
Rajnish Kumar completed his term as chairman of India’s largest lender SBI in October 2020. Currently, he is
working as advisor (resource raising) to the Andhra Pradesh government. He also serves as an independent
non-executive director at HSBC Bank, L&T infotech and Asia.
Term as Managing director
Rajnish Kumar has also served as the managing director of National Banking Group, and managing director
(Compliance & Risk) of State Bank of India. The senior bank official had also headed the Capital Markets
Ltd as managing director and chief executive officer of State Bank of India.
About Rajnish Kumar
He is an Indian banker, holding the position of Chairman of SBI. He became chairman of SBI on October 7,
2017. His three-year term ended on October 6, 2020. He is the Probationary officer of 1980 batch.
Civil Aviation Min approves Akasa Air to operate in India
Ministry of Civil Aviation has given a no-objection certificate (NOC) to new airline named ‘Akasa Air’ for its
operation in India.
Highlights
Akasa Air is baked by Rakesh Jhunjhunwala as well as ex-Jet Airways CEO Vinay Dube.
The new airline has set its aim to start operations by mid-2022.
The airline has planned to operate approximately 70 planes in next four years.
About Akasa Air
Akasa Airline is a Ultra-low-cost carrier service (ULCC), which is being launched by Rakesh Jhunjhunwala.
He holds a 40 per cent stake in the company. He has also onboarded aviation industry veterans like former
Jet Airways CEO Vinay Dube and Aditya Ghosh, ex-IndiGo president. Vinay Dube is CEO of the Akasa
company while Aditya Ghosh is expected to act as Jhunjhunwala’s nominee. This Mumbai-based investor is
set to pump in $35 million. It is also planning launch a fleet of 70 planes in next four years. This airline will
serve all Indians regardless of their socio-economic or cultural backgrounds.
ULCC model
ULCC stands for “ultra-low-cost carriers”. Under this airline business model, company focuses on keeping
operating costs lower than the typical budget airlines such as IndiGo and SpiceJet. In low-cost carriers
(LCC) model, airlines unbundle certain amenities which are usually associated with the full-service airline

experience such as seat selection, food and beverages, etc. In the ultra-low-cost model, there will be more
unbundling of services including checked-in baggage, cabin baggage, etc. LCCs operate with lower fares
while ULCCs operate with minimal costs in order to ensure profitability.
October 13, 2021
Cabinet approves affiliation of 100 schools with Sainik School Society
Union Cabinet given its approval for affiliation of one hundred government sector as well as private sector
schools with the Sainik School Society.
Key Facts
Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved the proposal on October 12, 2021.
In line with the approval, affiliated Sainik Schools will be launched under Sainik Schools Society of
Ministry of Defence.
These Schools will function as an exclusive vertical and will be distinct and different from existing
Sainik Schools.
First phase of affiliation
In the first phase, government has proposed that, 100 affiliate partners will be drawn from States, NGOs and
Private partners.
National Education Policy
These schools were affiliated in line with the National Education Policy. Government has also decided to
provide an increased focus on value-based education which will enable children to develop pride in rich
culture and heritage of India. It will also develop effective leadership among them with discipline, character,
sense of national duty & patriotism.
Admission of Children in Sainik schools
Starting from the academic year 2022-2023 around five thousand students will receive admission in class
six in 100 such affiliated Schools. Currently, existing 33 Sainik Schools have an admission capacity of about
three thousand students in class six.
About Sainik Schools
Sainik Schools are the system of schools across India, which are established and managed by Sainik
Schools Society under the Ministry of Defence (MoD). These schools were conceived in the year 1961 by V.
K. Krishna Menon.
Velyat: Iran’s annual Air Defence Drill
Iran started a massive, two-day air defence drill in its sprawling central desert, on October 12, 2021.
Highlights
In the annual manoeuvres called Velyat, both the army and the paramilitary Revolutionary Guard were
taking earlier.
Now, elite air force, air defense units and the Guard’s airspace division would participate in the drill.
Iran regularly holds such drills in order to assess the troops’ combat reading readiness and
demonstrate its military capabilities.
Background
Earlier in October, Iran had held a drill near its border with Azerbaijan. During the drill, it displayed
military capabilities near a neighbour, for which Iran is increasingly skeptical for its ties to the West
and Israel.
This military drill was conducted in the light that, Azerbaijan and Israel have strengthened their
military alliance in the recent months. Israel supplies high-tech drones to help Azerbaijan in its
conflict with Armenia on Nagorno-Karabakh region.
The Nagorno-Karabakh region remained on edge over Iran’s escalating nuclear programme.
2015 Nuclear Deal
Talks in Vienna to revive tattered Iran’s 2015 accord with world powers have stopped since June, 2021. No
date is set for their resumption. Under the 2015 nuclear deal, Iran drastically limited its enrichment of
uranium in exchange of lifting economic sanctions. In 2018, Former American President, Donald Trump,
unilaterally withdrew USA from 2015 accord. This raised tensions across Middle East and resulted into a
series of attacks and incidents.
Breaching Limits
With the discontinued talks in Tehran, Iran has breached limits set by the nuclear deal. Iran is enriching
small amounts of uranium to its levels to weapons-grade purity. Though, Iran claims that its nuclear
program is only for peaceful purposes.
October 12: World Arthritis Day
The World Arthritis Day is observed on October 12, each year in a bid to raise awareness regarding the joint
diseases which causes suffering from pain and stiffness.
Key Points
According to European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR), there are various types of
Arthritis and an estimated one-hundred million people are undiagnosed.
These people try to cope with symptoms which are often overlooked.
Should Arthritis Patients Exercise?
Many of the Arthritis patients are not very enthusiastic regarding exercising due to acute pain at the joints.
But inactive life and no exercise worsen the joint diseases. But they should do moderate exercises in order
to ease the pain and maintain a healthy weight.
Who are prone to this disease?
Although arthritis is usually associated with old age. But even youngsters are prone to the joint diseases.
The condition of joint diseases is known as Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) among children. JIA is
characterized by a number of disorders like pain in joints, stiffness and swollen joints.
How to diagnose JIA?
JIA can be diagnosed by any physician by considering the family history of arthritis, examining the
symptoms, and by conducting a physical examination. In few cases, X-rays are and blood tests for anaemia,
inflammation & autoimmune diseases are conducted.
What leads to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which body’s immune system attacks the joints
mistaking them for germs. This leads to inflammation of joints. Causes for this condition is not known yet.
However, in some cases, it is said to be genetic.
Maharatna Status to Power Finance Corporation
Central Government has given “Maharatna” status to Power Finance Corporation (PFC). PFC has become
the 11th state-owned entity in India to enter the Maharatna category.
Key Points
PFC now joins the ranks of other companies like ONGC, Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), BHEL and
Indian Oil Corporation. PFC is the largest infrastructure company of India.
Significance of the status
This enhanced status will enable PFC:
1. To make quality investments,
2. To form financial joint ventures and wholly-owned subsidiaries
3. To oversee mergers & acquisitions within India as well as abroad.
PFC will also be able to achieve the government’s agenda of funding under National Infrastructure

Pipeline and its aim to achieve 40 per cent green energy target by 2030.
Which company gets Maharatna Status?
Maharatna status is accorded to a company that has recorded more than net profit of Rs 5,000 crore for
three consecutive years or average annual turnover of Rs 25,000 crore for three years. In order to get the
status, company should have the average annual net worth of Rs 15,000 crore for three years. Company
should also have global footprints or operations.
About PFC
PFC was incorporated in 1986. It works under the jurisdiction of the Union Power Ministry. It is the financial
backbone of Power Sector in India. Its net worth as on 30 September 2018 is Rs 383 billion. According to
the Department of Public Enterprises Survey for FY 2017-18, PFC is the 8th highest profit making Central
Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE). It is India’s largest NBFC as well as largest infrastructure finance
company.
Supreme Court on National Green Tribunal’s (NGT) position
Supreme Court in a landmark judgement noted that, “National Green Tribunal does have suo moto powers
and it can hear environmental issues on its own”.
Key Points
This order came even though Union government said NGT does not have powers to hear
environmental cases on its own.
Court also noted that, holding any other interpretation will go against the public good and render
environmental watchdog ineffective and toothless.
This decision is significant for the wellbeing of nation and its people.
It will bring about flexible mechanism for addressing all the issues related to environmental damage
and resultant climate change in a bid to leave behind a better environmental legacy for future children
and generations thereafter.
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
NGT was established on October 18, 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010. It was established
for effective and expeditious disposal of cases related to conservation of forests, environmental protection
and conservation of other natural resources besides enforcement of any legal right related to environment.
This Tribunal is not bound by the procedure laid down under “Code of Civil Procedure, 1908”. It is guided by
principles of natural justice.
National Green Tribunal Act, 2010
It is an Act of the Parliament that lead to the creation of a special tribunal for handling the expeditious
disposal of cases related to environmental issues. It was inspired from constitutional provision of Article
21.
Function of the Tribunal
The Tribunal is having a dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters. Thus, it provides speedy
environmental justice and help in reducing the burden of higher courts. It is mandated to make and
endeavour for disposal of applications or appeals within 6 months.
NITI Aayog: Handbook on Sustainable urban plastic waste management
The Vice Chairman of NITI Aayog, Rajiv Kumar, launched the “NITI Aayog – United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) Handbook on Sustainable Urban Plastic Waste Management” on October 12, 2021.
Key Points
This handbook was launched in New Delhi.
The handbook provides a comprehensive overview to manage plastic waste by representing and
discussing the components of entire plastic waste value chain.

It was launched with the motive of spreading awareness amongst the masses regarding the harmful
effects of plastic.
This handbook can be adopted by urban local bodies to a good effect.
Handbook on Sustainable Urban Plastic Waste Management
Under the handbook, Urban local bodies (ULBs) are mandated to manage municipal solid waste &
plastic waste, under the Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, and Plastic Waste
Management Rules 2016, at the city level.
Handbook is a repository of 18 case studies or best practices from India, and 4 from south Asian
countries.
Repository is divided into four major components:
1. Technical models for recycling
2. Material Recovery Facilities (MRF)
3. Governance for effective plastic waste management
4. IEC and Digitization.
It covers every aspect of plastic waste management service chain.
It will also enable the Urban Local Bodies and other stakeholders involved in this sector in order to
learn from successful business and service models.
It mentions 10 pillars of change for Central Zoo Authority (CZA) & Indian zoos as well as specific
targets & timelines for achieving the ‘Call to Action’ which needs to be realized in 10 years.
Aim of the handbook
The models outlined in this handbook aim to bring sustainable plastic waste management into practice.
Several systems approach in this report are aligned with ‘Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0’ and ‘Plastic Waste
Management Rules of 2016 & 2018’.
Vision Plan (2021-2031) for Indian Zoos
Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change released the “Vision Plan: 2021-2031” for Indian zoos.
This plan was released during a two-day National Conference for zoo directors & veterinarians in Gujarat.
Highlights
The two-day conference was organized by Central Zoo Authority and was hosted by Sardar Patel
Zoological Park, Kevadia in Gujarat.
This Vision Plan was launched with the aim of upgrading Indian zoos to global standards.
It also focuses on conserving local birds and animals.
On the occasion, a coffee table book compiling 75 species from 75 zoos was also launched as a part
of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
Mitra awards
At the conference, Mitra awards were also presented under four categories. These four categories are-
veterinarian, animal keeper or zoo frontline, outstanding contributions by zoo director or curator and
biologist or educationists.
Vision Plan (2021-2031)
Vision plan is a strategy to transform Indian zoos. The 10-year vision plan was released after extensive data
mining & consultation with the stakeholders. The plan was adopted with the aim of giving a direction
towards ex-situ conservation approaches across India. It also mentions 10 pillars of change for Central Zoo
Authority (CZA) & Indian zoos. It sets some specific targets and timelines for achieving the ‘Call to Action’
that will be realized in 10 years. These pillars comprise of strengthening ex situ conservation of endangered
native species, management of rescued animals and optimizing animal welfare.

Biodiversity in India
Biodiversity in India must be conserved for the sustainable development. India comprises of only 2.4% of
the land area of the world. But accounts for 7-8% of all recorded species. It includes more than 45,000
species of plants and 91000 species of animals.
India to submit National vaccination plan and targets to WHO
India is set to submit its covid-19 vaccination plan and targets to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Highlights
India will submit an updated national vaccination trajectory and plans that defines the dose
requirements for guiding investment.
Guiding investments are required to manufacture the vaccines and their distribution by the
government.
Financial and programme resource details will be shared with WHO, under WHO’s “Strategy to
Achieve Global Covid-19 Vaccination by mid-2022”. This strategy was launched by WHO in October
2021.
India’s target
Indian government had earlier highlighted that its entire adult population will be vaccinated by December
2021. On the other hand, WHO has called for countries to meet its targets of vaccinating 40% of their
population by the end of 2021 and 70% by mid-2022.
India’s progress in vaccination
India’s progress in achieving the target of vaccinate total population is going on at full pace and
manufacturers of covid-19 vaccines in India are meeting the demand. India is working with the strategy for
full coverage of all Indians.
WHO’s target
As per WHO’s target, countries were required to vaccinate 10% of the population by September 2021.
However, 56 countries (majority in Africa & West Asia) were unable to meet this target. Thus, WHO has
called the countries to revise their national vaccination strategies, policies and maximize the impact of
existing, modified as well as new vaccines. Vaccinating 70% of the worldwide population requires around 11
billion vaccine doses. But, by the end of September, about 6 billion doses had been administered across the
world.
Henley passport index 2021- Highlights
The Henley Passport Index 2021 was released recently in which India’s rank has dropped by six places as
compared to 2020 index.
Key Points
Henley Passport Index lists the most travel-friendly passports of the world.
This year India has been ranked at 90th
This Index was released at a time when countries are relaxing the travel rules for international visitors
after two years since the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic in 2020.
How this index ranks the countries?
Henley Passport Index ranks the passports of countries on the basis of number of destinations their holders
can visit without getting visa in advance. Rankings are decided by analysing the data provided by
‘International Air Transport Association (IATA)’.
Ranking of the countries
This year Japan and Singapore have topped the list as their passports holders are allowed to travel
across 192 countries visa-free.
Japan secured the top position for the third year in a row.

South Korea and Germany were at the second position.
Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, Yemen and Pakistan are among the least powerful.
India’s Rank
India was ranked at 84th position in 2020. But in 2021, its position has dropped to 90th position. India’s
passport holders are allowed to travel to 58 countries visa-free. India shares this rank with Tajikistan and
Burkina Faso.
Who prepares the report?
The Henley Passport Index was prepared by London-based Henley and Partners, which is a global
citizenship and residence advisory firm. It covers 199 passports and 227 destinations.
Delhi Govt's 'Desh Ke Mentor' Programme
The Delhi government launched its “Desh ke Mentors” programme on October 11, 2021. This programme
will be implemented across all the schools in Delhi.
Key Points
This programme was launched with the aim of providing students with young mentors.
Young mentors will guide the students from classes IX to XII in navigating their higher education as
well as career path.
This mentorship programme will also guide the people aged between 18 and 35. They can sign up to
get guidance with the help of an app created by a team at Delhi Technological University. They will be
connected to students on the basis of mutual interests.
Time period of the programme
The “Desh ke Mentors programme” will be available for minimum of two months. It can carry on for
additional four months optionally. One mentor will guide two to five students.
Why this programme was launched?
When child enters teenage around 9th standard, child gains some emotional as well as psychological
needs. Thus, this mentorship programme was launched for children to get a non-judgemental guiding light
and helping hand.
Who can mentor the programme?
Mentors from any part of India can enrol for the programme to guide children. For this purpose, Delhi
government has developed an app using which anyone can join the revolution.
Significance of the programme
This programme will help the children in making a better decision, with the help of mentors, without judging
and imposing dreams on them. Mentors will provide help, guidance, and ideas while child’s responsibility
will be to do hard & smart work and make consistent efforts and talent.
Covaxin approved for emergency use in 2–18-year-olds
The Subject Expert Committee on Covid-19 has approved the “emergency use” of Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin
vaccine for children aged between 2-18 years old.
Key Points
Phase-2 and Phase-3 trials of the Covaxin vaccine by Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech on children
below the age of 18 years in the months of September.
Trial data was submitted to the Drugs and Comptroller General of India (DCGI) in October 2021.
According to AIIMS professor, latest trials suggests that safety and immunogenicity of India’s
indigenous COVID-19 vaccine is almost the same in children aged 2-18 years, as it is in adults above
18-years of age.
Trial was done by diving children into three groups. The first group was between 12 -18 years, second
group was between 6- 12 years while the third age group was between 2-6 years.

About Covaxin
Covaxin is codenamed as BBV152. It is an inactivated virus-based COVID-19 vaccine. It was developed by
Bharat Biotech in association with the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Vaccine is usually
considered effective if the estimate is more than 50% with a more than 30% lower limit of the 95%
confidence interval. Bharat Biotech reported the Covaxin is 64 percent effective against asymptomatic
cases, 78% effective against symptomatic cases, 93% effective against severe infection while 65% effective
against the Delta variant of coronavirus.
How Covaxin was developed?
Covaxin uses a traditional technology which is similar to inactivated polio vaccine. In the initial phase,
sample of SARS-CoV-2 was isolated by National Institute of Virology, India. Then this sample was used to
grow large quantities of virus using the vero cells. Following this, viruses were soaked in beta-
propiolactone, in order to deactivate them by binding to their genes. Resulting inactivated viruses were then
mixed with aluminium-based adjuvant Alhydroxiquim-II.
Former IAS Amit Khare appointed as advisor to PM Modi
Former higher education secretary, Amit Khare, was appointed as advisor to Prime Minister Narendra Modi
on October 12, 2021.
Key Points
Amit Khare got retired from IAS position in the month of September 2021.
He is a retired IAS officer of 1985 batch from Jharkhand cadre.
He has been appointed as advisor to Prime Minister on contractual basis.
Advisor to PM
Appointment order of the Khare was issued after appointment committee of the cabinet gave its approval.
As an advisor in the Prime Minister’s Office, he will enjoy the rank and scale of the secretary to the Union
government. He has been appointed on contract basis, for a period of two years initially or until further
orders, whichever is earlier.
Background
Khare had helped in shaping the new National Education Policy (NEP) while holding the position of higher
education secretary. He holds an MBA degree from IIM Ahmedabad. Khare took charge as higher education
secretary in December 2019. In between May 2018 to December 2019, he served as information and
broadcasting ministry secretary. He also played a major role in issuing the “Information Technology
(Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021”. He has also served as the vice-
chancellor of Ranchi University and Commissioner of Jharkhand. He holds a BSc (Physics) degree from St
Stephens College.
Deputy Commissioner
Khare was also appointed as the deputy commissioner of West Singhbhum (Chaibasa) in between
1995-1997. During that period, he played a significant role in revealing the fodder scam in animal husbandry
department in undivided Bihar.
October 11: US Indigenous People’s Day
American President, Joe Biden, has proclaimed October 11 as “Indigenous Peoples’ Day”. He has become
the first U.S. president to formally recognize this day.
Highlights
The day was proclaimed after recognising the Indigenous peoples’ resilience and strength along with
the immeasurable positive impact that these people have made on every aspect of American society.
For past several years, states like Alaska and New Mexico have adopted the holiday and choose to
give-up the Columbus Day celebrations. They also paid attention to the calls from Indigenous groups

and other residents for not celebrating Christopher Columbus, who was an Italian navigator. On his
name, holiday is named so.
However, many people across the country still celebrate Columbus Day or Italian Heritage Day as a
pride in Italian culture.
What is Indigenous Peoples’ Day?
Indigenous Peoples’ Day is typically observed on the second Monday of October. This Day recognizes the
Indigenous communities who have lived in United States for thousands of years. It grew increasingly
common as the replacement for Columbus Day. Columbus Day celebrates the explorer who sailed from
Spain with a crew in three ships namely, Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria, in the year 1492.
Background
Many of U.S. cities and states commemorated the day, before American president proclaimed it. Colleges
and corporations have also recognized the day. First state to officially recognise this day was “South
Dakota”, that officially recognized the day as Native Americans’ Day in the year 1990. Countries like Oregon,
Alaska and Vermont also officially established this day as a holiday. Cities like Berkeley, Seattle, California
and Minneapolis were among early adopters.
Indigenous People’s Day in other countries
This day is observed under different names across the world. Canada recognized this day on June 21, 1996
as “National Indigenous Peoples’ Day”.
October 14, 2021
EU's first Green Bond issuance
The European Union (EU) attracted huge demand from investors for its first green bond on October 12,
2021.
Highlights
Huge demand was there as Brussels kicked off its efforts for becoming world’s biggest issuer of
sustainable debt.
Euro 12bn sale of 15-year debt attracted about Euro 135bn of orders.
This was the largest green bond deal, eclipsing the UK’s £10bn debut in the month of September.
The sale happened as Europe continues to battle an energy crunch, which also illustrate that there is
a growing need for diverse and renewable sources of power.
First Issue by EU
This issue of recent bond is the first of an expected €250bn of “European Commission green bonds”. It
makes about a third of the EU’s €800bn Covid-19 recovery fund.
How EU will use the amount?
Proceeds through the green bond will be given to the member states who can spend it on areas such as
transport, energy efficiency and nature protection. This bond will help in strengthening the role of EU and
euro in sustainable finance market.
Partnering Member States
Brussels has joined several member states such as France, Italy, Germany, Spain and Poland in issuing
green debt. Demand for green securities is intense because of focus of fund management industry on
environmental, social and governance factors.
Greenium
The EU has joined other recent issuers with respect to attracting a price premium called as greenium. Yield
of 0.45 per cent represented a borrowing cost of around 0.025 of percentage point.
Green Bond
Green bond is a debt instrument through which capital is raised to fund ‘green projects’. Green projects

usually include projects related to renewable energy, sustainable water management and clean
transportation etc.
IMF's World Economic Outlook- Highlights
In its World Economic Outlook, which was published on October 12, 2021, International Monetary Fund
(IMF) improved its growth forecasts of the Latin American and Caribbean economy in the year 2021.
Highlights
As per IMF report, a recovery of 6.3% is expected by 2021 and 2.5% by 2022.
These figures indicates that international credit organization observes a little increase in Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) for the region against what was evaluated in July. In July 2021, it estimated
an increase of 5.8%.
IMF expects a growth of 3.2% for year 2022, 0.2% lower than its previous analysis.
IMF noted the worse performance of Brazil and Mexico, which are considered as the strongest
economies in the region.
According to IMF, Brazil’s GDP expansion will be 5.2% in 2021 while 1.5% in 2022.
For Mexico, GDP expansion will be 6.2% in 2021 and 4.0 % in 2022.
World Economy
According to IMF, world economy will grow by 9% in 2021. In July 2020, it expected an increase by
6%. Growth is still conditioned by prolongation of covid-19 pandemic.
IMF projected a growth by 4.9% in 2022.
High inflation
As per IMF, in mid-2022 headline inflation will likely to return to pre-pandemic levels, for advanced
economies and emerging & developing economies, amid high uncertainty.
Vaccine gap
The agency noted a huge vaccine gap and big disparities between economically advanced countries and
developing countries. More than 60% of the population are vaccinated in advanced economies while 96% of
the population in are unvaccinated in low-income countries.
NSO Data on Retail Inflation and IIP
National Statistical Office (NSO) released its data on “retail inflation and Index of Industrial Production
(IIP)” on October 12, 2021.
Key facts
As per IMF, India’s retail inflation relaxed in September 2021, reducing to a five-month low. This was
because of favourable comparison with year 2020 and moderating food prices that offset an increase
in the cost of crude oil & fuel.
Consumer price inflation decreased sharply to 4.35% in September 2021 as compared to 5.3% in
August. This was the third consecutive month within the tolerance band of Reserve Bank of India
(RBI).
In September 2020, Consumer Price Index-based (CPI) inflation was 7.27%.
According to NSO Data, inflation in food basket relaxed to 0.68% in September 2021, significantly
decreased by 3.11% as compared to August.
Background
Government has tasked the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to keep CPI-based inflation at 4%, with a tolerance
band of 2% on both the sided. RBI usually factors in CPI-based inflation while launching its bi-monthly
monetary policy.
CPI headline momentum
According to RBI Governor, Shaktikanta Das, CPI headline momentum is moderating. This momentum along

with favourable base effects could soften the inflation in near term.
CPI inflation
For the year 2021-22, RBI has projected the CPI inflation at 5.3% in first quarter, 5.1% in second, 4.5% in
third while 5.8% in fourth quarter of the fiscal.
Index of Industrial Production (IIP)
As per NSO, IIP has increased by 11.9% in August 2021, against 11.5% in July. Data shows that, output of
manufacturing sector increased to 9.7% in August 2021. In the same month, mining output increased to
23.6% while power generation surged to 16%. In August 2020, IIP had contracted 7.1%.
MHA begins tripartite talks with Gorkhas and WB
The Union Home Ministry started tripartite talks with “Gorkha representatives” from Darjeeling Hills, Terrai &
Dooars region as well as the Government of West Bengal on October 12, 2021.
Highlights
Tripartite talks were started in a bid to resolve long-standing demand of statehood in North Bengal
region.
Talks were chaired by Home Minister Amit Shah and Gorkha delegation led by Darjeeling MP Raju
Bishta.
During the meeting, officials discussed several issues related to Gorkhas and the region.
Background
On this issue, last meeting was held in October 2021 when a delegation of Gorkha leaders came to meet the
then MoS Home, G Kishan Reddy, for discussing the statehood issue.
Demand raised by delegation
Delegation from the Gorkhaland raised their demand of separate state of Gorkhaland as well as grant of
Scheduled Tribe status to 11 Gorkha sub-communities. Issue of Gorkhaland Territorial Administration (GTA)
was raised, the delegation noted that they will not discuss GTA as Memorandum of Agreement (MoU) that
was signed between Union of India, Government of West Bengal and Gorkha Janmukti Morcha in 2011, was
not welcomed by the West Bengal.
What is the Gorkhaland Issue?
Gorkhaland comprise of Nepali-speaking people from Darjeeling, Kurseong, Kalimpong, and other hilly
districts of West-Bengal. People of these areas have cultural, ethical, and language differences with Bengali
community of West-Bengal. Demand of Darjeeling as a separate administrative region was first initiated in
the year 1907. However, the term “Gorkhaland” was coined during 1980s by Subhash Ghising. Subhash
Ghising was the founder of Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF).
Gorkhaland Movement
It is a movement that mainly focuses on the Darjeeling Hills of West Bengal, and demands the creation of a
separate state of Gorkhaland.
Draft Regional Plan-2041 approved
The Draft Regional Plan-2041 was approved by the NCR Planning Board on October 12, 2021. Government
has planned to submit the ‘final version of Regional Plan-2041’ by end of March 2022.
Highlights of the plan
The Draft Regional Plan-2041 paves the way for a future-ready and slum-free National Capital Region
(NCR) comprising of facilities like air ambulance, high-speed connectivity by means of rail, road, Heli
taxis, and inland waterways.
This plan puts special impetus on 30-minute connectivity by means of super-fast trains within major
cities of NCR.
It also proposes to explore feasibility of 30-minute Mass Transit Rail System (MTRS) from boundaries

of NCR to Delhi.
The plan seeks to make NCR a smart connected region by improving connectivity using bullet trains,
smart roads, helitaxi services.
It will evolve the region into an economically prosperous region comprising of citizen centric
harmonious infrastructure.
It also proposes to promote electric mobility infrastructure.
It laid emphasis on circular economy of water & air quality improvements, improving environment
conservation.
Major initiatives under the draft plan
Under the draft plan, major initiatives include urban regeneration, slum-free NCR, 24 hours air ambulance,
ease of living, Swachh & Smart NCR.
Why this plan was drafted?
The draft plan was drafted because it is necessary to minimise the journey times and limit travel times
across NCR under 30-minutes through superfast trains & heli taxi services, under 60 minutes through other
trains and 2 to 3 hours by car. Furthermore, there is a need to ease out traffic congestions and create more
integrated, accessible, user-centric and affordable transportation system.
Which states are covered under the plan?
Under the NCRPB plan, Delhi, two districts of Rajasthan, eight districts of Uttar Pradesh and 14 districts of
Haryana are covered. In all, it covers an area of around 55,083 square kilometres.
Gati Shakti National Master Plan- Key Facts
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a Rs 100 lakh crore national master plan called “Gati Shakti
National Master Plan” on October 13, 2021.
Key Points
This plan was launched for multi-modal connectivity with the aim of developing infrastructure to
reduce logistic costs and boost Indian economy.
PM Gati Shakti seeks to cut logistic costs, reduce turnaround time and increase cargo handling
capacity.
This plan aims to lend more power and speed to projects by connecting all the concerned
departments on one platform.
Under the plan, infrastructure schemes of several ministries and state governments will be executed
and designed with a common vision.
Why this plan was launched?
As per Prime Minister, in the past, taxpayers’ money was insulted through a lethargic approach towards
development work. Departments were working in silos. Furthermore, there was no coordination on projects.
Thus, this plan was launched under which development will take place incorporating quality infrastructure in
a holistic manner. Gati shakti plan joins different departments for a coordinated development of projects
including from aviation to agriculture and road to railways.
Logistic Cost
The PM Gati Shakti Plan also aims to reduce logistic cost and turnaround time in the light that, earlier high
logistics cost at 13 per cent of GDP in India was impacting its competitiveness in exports. Plan will also
give a boost to India as an “investment destination”.
Easy clearances
Under the plan, the private players will get a boost to invest in National infrastructure because of easy
clearances and monetary help available to them. This project will also provide last-mile connectivity to the
economic zones in a limited timeframe.

UN Biodiversity Summit begins in China
United Nations Biodiversity Summit started in China, on October 12, 2021.
Key Points
The key U.N. summit has been tasked with protecting biodiversity.
Summit started in the backdrop of meeting among countries to tackle pollution and prevent mass
extinction, before the COP-26 climate conference.
Online session has set the stage for a face-to-face meeting and will involve parties to the Convention
on Biological Diversity (CBD) who are working out with the details of new document. This new
document will set targets to protect ecosystems by 2030.
30 by 30 Plan
During the summit, countries will also be debating “30 by 30” plan in order to give 30% of lands and oceans
protected status. This measure is supported by a broad coalition of nations. Countries will also set goal for
stopping the creation of plastic waste. Though, China has not yet committed for this plan.
Background
Though Beijing is the world’s biggest polluter, it has sought to position itself as “world leader on climate
issues” in the backdrop of USA’s withdrawal from international commitments under Donald Trump
administration.
COP-15 Gathering
In the year 2021, COP-15 gathering was hosted in southwest city of Kunming. It was originally set for 2020
but got postponed due to Covid-19 pandemic.
Impact of Human encroachment on habitats
About one million animal & plant species are threatened with extinction because of human encroachment
on habitats, pollution, over-exploitation, climate change and spread of invasive species.
Division on targets
China recently noted that, it has given high priority to protection of biodiversity by setting a network
of protected areas and national parks.
France and Costa Rica are supporting to declare 30% of oceans & lands protected areas before 2030.
30 by 30 plan is being strongly opposed by Brazil and South Africa.
India at 3rd position in RE Investment attractiveness index
Ernst & Young’s (EY) Renewable Energy (RE) Country Attractiveness Index was recently published in which
India has been ranked at 3rd position.
Key Points
RE Investment attractive index ranks the world’s top 40 nations with respect to attractiveness of
their deployment opportunities and renewable energy
In the index, India retains its third position while US retains the top position.
China has been ranked at second position.
As per report, conditions are ripe for rapid growth across renewables generation. The major challenge
will be inadequate grid investments.
According to Index, corporate power purchase agreements were the key driver of clean energy growth
in the light that, environment, social, and governance measures are becoming top agenda for
companies and investors.
India’s Rank in PPA Index
Among the top 30 power purchase agreement (PPA) markets, India has been ranked at sixth position. PPA
Index focuses on attractiveness of renewable power procurement. It ranks the growth potential of country’s
corporate PPA market.

India’s renewable energy market
Renewable energy market conditions in India, including policy decisions, investment & technology
improvements focus on self-reliant supply chains. It has taken India’s clean energy transition to new
heights. Report notes that the drive to integrate volumes of variable resources will put the grid
infrastructure under significant strain. It also notes that, investment required to upgrade and expand energy
transmission infrastructure will be a key challenge across the world.
Which countries have transitioned towards clean energy?
France and the UK have switched to clean energy, while Germany has edged back ahead of Australia as its
onshore wind market was fruitful in first half of 2021. Germany has added 971 MW, accounting for a rise of
62 per cent as compared to first half of 2020.
India's Plastic Waste Recycling Targets
The Union environment ministry has released a draft notification to regulate the extended producer
responsibility (EPR) under the “Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016”.
Key facts
The draft provides that, quantity of waste will have to be managed by producers, brand owners and
importers, who are generate plastic packaging waste across India.
When the draft notification will be passed, it will come into effect immediately.
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
EPR means the responsibility of producer for environmentally sound management of product and plastic
packaging till the end of its life. People & stakeholders can submit objections or suggestions on draft within
60 days, to the environment ministry.
Three categories of Plastic Packaging
EPR covers following categories of plastic packaging:
1. Rigid Plastic Packaging
2. Flexible Plastic Packaging of single layer or multilayer (greater than one layer with several types of
plastic)
3. Plastic sheets, carry bags (including those made up of compostable plastics) & plastic sachet or
pouches
4. Multi-layered plastic packaging.
Other provisions of the draft
Draft notes that, in 2021-22, producers of plastic packaging waste are required to manage 35% of the
‘Q1’ waste in metric tons.
EPR target of the producers will increase to 70% in 2022-23 while it will be 100%, 2023-24 onwards.
Similar EPR targets will be applicable for importers and brand owners but the quantity would be
different on the basis of quantity of packaging waste which they are responsible for.
Brand owners EPR target
For brand owners, EPR target in 2021-22 will be average weight of fresh plastic packaging material which
have been purchased and introduced in market in last two years plus average quantity of pre-consumer
plastic packaging for the same period.
Maritime Exercise Malabar Phase II
The Indian Navy is set to take part in “Second Phase of multilateral maritime exercise” called “Exercise
Malabar” along with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), Japan Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF) and the
United States Navy (USN).
Key Facts
Malabar exercise is being conducted in the Bay of Bengal from 12 October to 15 October 2021.

This is the Second Phase of the Malabar exercise. It will build synergic coordination between the
participating nations and also enhance the interoperability that was developed during the ‘First Phase
of the exercise’.
First phase of this exercise was conducted from August 26-29, 2021 in Philippines sea.
Exercise will also focus on advanced surface & anti-submarine warfare exercises, weapon firings and
seamanship evolutions.
Naval ships in action
In the maritime exercise, INS Ranvijay, INS Satpura as well as P8I Long Range Maritime Patrol aircraft from
Indian Navy will participate.
About second phase of Malabar exercise
Second phase of the exercise will be bigger than the first phase that was conducted off the Guam coast, US
in the Western Pacific. In this phase, United States deployed more than 100000-ton Nimitz-class super
aircraft carrier.
US in second phase
US will be represented by USS Lake Champlain, two destroyers, and USS Stockdale. It will also deploy
Aircraft Carrier USS Carl Vinson.
Japan in second phase
Japanese Navy will be represented by JS Kaga and guided-missile destroyer Murasame besides their
integral SH60K helicopters.
Australia in second phase
Royal Australian Navy will deploy HMAS Ballarat and HMAS Sirius.
About Malabar exercise
Malabar exercise started as an annual bilateral naval exercise in the year 1992 between India and the US. It
comprises of a series of exercises, increasing scope and complexity over time.
New rules for allowing abortion till 24 weeks
Government has incorporated new rules under the “Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act,
2021, which was passed in March 2021.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Rules, 2021
Under the new rules, the gestational limit for termination of pregnancy has been increased from 20 to
24 weeks for exceptional categories of women in India.
Women for whom the limit has been increased comprise of minors; survivors of sexual assault, rape
or incest; those having physical disabilities and those whose marital status changes during
pregnancy that is in case of widowhood or divorce.
It also includes cases of foetal malformation where there is risk of physical or mental abnormalities,
mentally ill women and women in disasters or emergency situations, declared by the government.
Background
In past, opinion of one doctor was required to carry abortion of up to twelve weeks of conception. Opinion
of two doctors was required for doing the abortion between twelve and twenty weeks.
State-level medical board
Under the new rules, state-level medical boards will be set up that will decide if a pregnancy can be
terminated after 24 weeks in cases of foetal malformation.
Boards will examine the woman & her reports and then either accept or reject the proposal for
medical termination of pregnancy. This process will be completed within three days of receiving the
request.
Board will also ensure that the abortion procedure is carried with all precaution along with

counselling, when advised by them. The procedure will be done within five days of receiving the
request for it.
Should the rules be for all women?
Experts are of the view that, considering the advancements in scientific and medical technology, extended
24 week of gestation period should be open for all women and not just specific categories of women. They
also note that, creation of state medical boards might create impediments for women’s access to abortion
services.
What is Climate Resilience Information System and Planning Tool?
Union Minister of Rural Development & Panchayati Raj, Giriraj Singh, launched the “Climate Resilience
Information System and Planning (CRISP-M) tool” through a virtual event.
Key Points
The CRISP-M tool has been launched in order to integrate the climate information in the “Geographic
Information System (GIS) based watershed planning” under the MGNREGA.
This tool will help in embedding climate information in GIS based planning as well as implementation
of Mahatma Gandhi NREGA (MGNREGA).
This tool was developed with the help of British Government and all the stakeholders. They supported
the Rural Development Ministry in developing the tool.
Significance of the tool
This tool will open up new possibilities for rural communities in dealing with the climate change issue.
Which states can use this tool?
This tool will be used in seven states namely, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya
Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan, for developing climate resilience.
GIS-based plans for Panchayats
Ministry of Rural Development have prepared “GIS based plans” which will be implemented across 1.82 lacs
Gram Panchayats (68%) out of total of 2.69 Lacs Gram Panchayats in India. GIS based plans will be
implemented with the help of Remote Sensing Technology, on the basis of Ridge to Valley approach.
October 13: International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction
The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction is observed globally on October 13, every year.
Aim of the day
The day is observed with the aim of promoting a global culture of risk awareness and disaster reduction. It
celebrates how people and communities across the world are reducing their exposure to disasters and
raising awareness regarding the importance of reining in risks that they are facing.
2021 Edition
International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction provides an opportunity to acknowledge the progress made
toward reducing the disaster risk and losses in lives, health and livelihoods. 2021 edition of the day will
focus on international cooperation of developing countries in order to reduce their disaster risk and disaster
losses.
Background
The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction was first observed in the year 1989, after United Nations
General Assembly (UNGA) called for a day to promote global culture of disaster reduction and risk-
awareness. At the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2015, which was held in Sendai,
Japan, international community was reminded that disasters hit hardest at local level, causes loss of life
and social & economic upheaval.
Disaster Risk Reduction
The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) works with thinkers, experts, practitioners,

and innovators, every two years, to investigate the state of risk worldwide. It highlights what’s new, spots
the emerging trends, examine behaviour, reveals disturbing patterns and presents progress in reducing risk.
October 15, 2021
Home Ministry enhances powers of BSF
Home Ministry has enhanced the powers of Border Security Force (BSF). Under the enhanced power,
officers will have the power to search and arrest.
What are the enhanced powers?
Officers will also have the power of seizure up to the extent of 50 km in three new states which are
sharing international boundaries with Pakistan and Bangladesh.
They have been given the right to take this action under the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC),
Passport Act and Passport (Entry to India) Act.
BSF officers will be able to conduct searches and arrests across a wider area in the states of Punjab,
West Bengal and Assam.
In the mentioned states, the BSF will have the right to search and arrest just like state police.
They also have the power to search and arrest in Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, and Ladakh.
Why this decision was taken?
As per Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), the decision to expand the jurisdiction of BSF was taken in
the backdrop of recent droppings of drone weapons from across the border.
This decision will help in curbing illegal activities related to national security across 10 states and
two Union Territories.
However, it is likely to raise administrative and political issues.
What are the concerns?
The primary goal of the BSF is to guard borders and stop infiltration. But the recent dropping of drones
shows that they have failed to guard the delineated line. As per critiques, this decision might lead to regular
confrontations with local police as well as villagers, when searches and seizures will be done.
What is Northern Ireland Protocol?
The Northern Ireland protocol was designed to prevent checks across the border between Northern Ireland
(US) and the Republic of Ireland (EU), following Brexit.
Highlights
The Protocol came into force in the beginning of 2021.
It has resulted into disagreements between the UK and EU as it disrupted trade between Great Britain
and Northern Ireland.
The UK government has been calling to rewrite the deal.
What was the need of Northern Ireland Protocol?
During Brexit negotiations, all the parties agreed that protecting the 1998 Northern Ireland peace deal
is an absolute priority.
This protocol means that, keeping the land border open and avoiding setting up new infrastructure
like cameras and border posts.
This was easy to do when Ireland and Northern Ireland were part of the EU. Both the parties
automatically shared the same EU rules on trade. No checks were required on goods travelling
between them.
However, in the backdrop of Brexit, new arrangement was required because EU requires goods like
milk and eggs to be checked when they arrive from non-EU countries. While products like chilled
meats are not allowed to enter EU at all.

Northern Ireland Protocol
Under this protocol it was agreed that Northern Ireland will continue to follow EU rules on product
standards in order to prevent checks across the border.
Goods entering Northern Ireland from Scotland, England or Wales would be inspected.
What changes is the UK government calling for?
Boris Johnson had signed an agreement in 2019 and promised that it would not create any inspection on
goods moving between Northern Ireland and Great Britain. Now, the government is of the view that this
protocol represented a huge compromise by the UK and accused the EU for applying it too rigidly. Thus, the
Brexit Minister, Lord Frost, proposed some changes in the protocol. He has proposed a new mechanism
under which goods would be able to circulate freely in Northern Ireland if they comply with either EU or UK
regulations.
China sets up $233 million Kunming Biodiversity fund
China pledged to inject $233 million into a new fund called “Kunming Biodiversity Fund” for the protection of
biodiversity in developing countries, recently.
Highlights
This decision was taken during a key UN conservation summit, even though major donors disagreed
on it.
China pledged as it the world’s biggest polluter and seeks to play a prominent role internationally on
biodiversity conservation.
UN Conservation Summit
China pledged as delegates from around 195 countries met in Chinese city of Kunming for a summit
on safeguarding plants, animals and ecosystems.
This summit seeks to establish a new accord, setting targets for 2030 and 2050.
30 by 30 agenda
Countries are also debating on proposal called “30 by 30 agenda” at the conference. This agenda will afford
30 percent of land and oceans protected status of Earth by 2030. Global spending on protection and
restoration of nature needs to triple this decade, accounting for $350 billion annually by 2030 while $536
billion by 2050 in order to meet this target.
Kunming Biodiversity fund
The funding issue for the Kunming Biodiversity Fund will be taken up in January 2022 at negotiations in
Geneva. China’s pledge is below the $4 billion committed by Britain for conservation projects across the
world as well as France’s commitment to spend 30 percent of its climate finance on protection of
biodiversity.
UN Convention on Biological Diversity
This convention has been ratified by 195 countries and the European Union. However, United States is not
ratified it even though it has been world’s biggest polluter historically.
Govt launches 'One Health Consortium'
The Department of Biotechnology launched a ‘One Health’ consortium on October 14, 2021 in virtual mode.
It was launched by secretary of Department of Biotechnology, Dr Renu Swarup.
One Health Consortium
One Health Consortium has been empowered to carry out surveillance of important viral, bacterial, &
parasitic infections of zoonotic and transboundary pathogens in India.
This project will also look into use of existing diagnostic tests and development of additional
methodologies to conduct surveillance and understand the spread of emerging diseases.

Background
This consortium was launched in the backdrop of Covid-19 pandemic, that showed the relevance of ‘One
Health’ principle in governance of infectious diseases. One Health principle is relevant to prevent and
contain the zoonotic diseases across the world. Thus, this holistic approach will be taken in order to
understand the health of human, animals and wildlife for minimising the damage caused by covid-19 like
pandemics.
Organisations under Consortium
One Health Consortium comprises of 27 organisations, led by DBT-National Institute of Animal
Biotechnology, Hyderabad. It is one of the biggest health programmes that Indian government has launched
in post-Covid times. It comprises of AIIMS Delhi, AIIMS Jodhpur, GADVASU Ludhiana, IVRI Bareilly,
TANUVAS Chennai, Assam agricultural & veterinary university, MAFSU Nagpur, ICAR and ICMR centres &
wildlife agencies.
One Health Approach
One Health approach notes that health of people, health of animals, and the health of environment are
interconnected. Due to this, activities & practices in these domains will inevitably affect the others. Primary
goal of ‘One Health’ is to encourage the collaborative efforts of stakeholders across the stated three
domains in order to achieve best health outcomes for humans, animals, and environment.
India to pilot 1000 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
Central Government has given its approval to invite the expression of interest for installation of pilot 1000
MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) project.
Key Facts
This pilot project is the joint effort of “Ministry of New & Renewable energy” and Ministry of Power.
Both the ministries have been working on this in order to provide a road map for installation of energy
storage system in India.
Why BESS project is being undertaken?
The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) will be set in a bid to support the ambitious goal of achieving
450 GW renewable energy target by the Ministry of New & renewable energy by 2030.
Who will procure BESS?
Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), a CPSU working under the Ministry of New & Renewable energy,
called for expression of interest to procure 1000 MWh BESS. It will be published with RFS bid document and
draft comprehensive guideline for procurement and utilization of BESS.
Final RFS document
On the basis of suggestions and feedback from various stakeholders, final RFS document will be floated in
November 2021. Along with the RFS document, final comprehensive guidelines for procurement and
utilization of BESS will also be floated as a part of generation, transmission and distribution assets.
Use of energy storage system
As per Ministry, India has planned to use energy storage system under Renewable energy. Energy storage
system will be used as grid element in order to maximize the use of transmission system and strengthen
grid stability. It will help in saving the investment in augmentation of transmission infrastructure.
Exercise Yudh Abhyas 2021
India and the United States are set to start a 15-day mega military exercise in Alaska from October 15, 2021
in a bid to further deepen bilateral military cooperation between both the countries.
Key Points
Year 2021 will mark the 17th edition of the exercise “Yudh Abhyas”.
Exercise will be conducted at Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson in Alaska.

It will commence from October 15 and end on 29.
Indian contingent
At the exercise, the Indian contingent will comprise of 350 personnel from an infantry battalion group of
Indian Army.
Background
The previous (16th) edition of the exercise took place in February 2021 in Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in
Bikaner.
Significance of the exercise
Exercise Yudh Abhyas is a step towards growing military cooperation between the both the countries. It is
carried with the aim of enhancing understanding, cooperation and interoperability between armies of India
and USA. It will also focus on combined arms manoeuvres in cold climatic conditions. The primary aim of
the exercise if to share tactical level drills and learn best practices from each other.
Major Defence Partner
United States had designated India as a Major Defence Partner, in June 2016. Both the countries also
signed key defence and security pacts in past few years such as ‘Logistics Exchange Memorandum of
Agreement (LEMOA)’ in 2016.
LEMOA allows the militaries from both the countries to use each other’s bases for repair &
replenishment of supplies and to provide a deeper cooperation.
Countries also signed COMCASA (Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement) in the year
2018. COMCASA provides for interoperability between both the militaries as well as provides for sale
of high-end technology from the US.
They signed BECA (Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement) agreement in October 2020 in order
to further boost bilateral defence ties. It provides for sharing of high-end military technology, logistics
& geospatial maps between both the countries.
PLI scheme for telecom products launched
Minister of State of Ministry of Communication, Devusinh Chauhan, launched a Production Linked Incentive
Scheme (PLI Scheme) for Telecom & Networking Products on October 14, 2021.
Why this scheme was launched in telecom sector?
PLI Scheme in telecom sector was launched for realizing the Prime Minister’s vision of Atma Nirbhar
Bharat. This scheme would help in reducing dependence of India on other countries for importing telecom
and networking products.
Who launched the scheme?
The PLI Scheme in telecom sector is being launched by DoT with the objective of boosting domestic
manufacturing of telecom and networking products. Manufacturing will be boosted by incentivising
incremental investments and turnover. This scheme was launched with the total outlay of Rs 12,195 crore.
When it will come into effect?
The scheme is effective from April 1, 2021. Investment made by successful applicants in India in between
April 1, 2021 to FY 2024-25 will be eligible. Eligibility is subject to qualifying incremental annual thresholds.
Support under the Scheme will be provided for a period of five years (from FY 2021-22 to FY 2025-26).
Which companies are eligible?
According to Scheme and Scheme Guidelines, about 31 companies, comprising of 16 MSMEs & 15 Non-
MSMEs, have been found eligible are being given approval under the PLI Scheme. Some of the eligible
MSME companies are: Coral Telecom Limited, Frog Cellsat Limited, Ehoome IoT Private Limited, GDN
Enterprises Private Limited etc. These 31 applicants are expected to invest Rs 3345 crore over a period of 4
years and generate incremental employment to about 40000 people.

Global Hunger Index: India at 101st rank
Global Hunger Index 2021, which is prepared jointly by Irish aid agency called ‘Concern Worldwide’ and
German organisation called ‘Welt Hunger Hilfe’, was released on October 14, 2021. The Index termed the
hunger level in India as alarming.
Where India has been placed?
In the index, India has been placed to 101st position out of 116 countries.
In 2020, India’s was positioned at 94th.
In 2021 edition, India has been placed behind its neighbour countries Pakistan, Bangladesh and
Nepal.
GHI score of India has also decreased. It was 38.8 in 2000 but now has been decreased to the range
of 28.8 – 27.5 between 2012 and 2021.
Share of wasting among children increased from 17.1 per cent during 1998-2002 to 17.3 per cent
during 2016-2020.
World scenario
In the index, eighteen countries such as China, Brazil and Kuwait, shared the top rank. They got the GHI
score of less than five.
How GHI Score is calculated?
GHI score is calculated on the basis of four indicators namely,
1. Undernourishment
2. Child wasting (share of children aged under five who are wasted i.e., those having low weight for their
height.
3. Child stunting (children aged under five who are having low height for their age.
4. Child mortality (mortality rate of children aged under five).
Improvement in India
India has improved with respect to indicators like under-5 mortality rate, prevalence of undernourishment
and prevalence of stunting among children.
Global Hunger Index (GHI)
GHI is a tool to measure and track hunger across the world, by region as well as by country. It is calculated
annually and its results are published in a report issued in the month of October each year.
MyParkings app- Highlights
Union Minister for Information and Broadcasting, Anurag Thakur, launched the ‘MyParkings’ app on October
14, 2021.
Key Points
MyParkings App is a first-of-its-kind initiative.
On this app, people can book parking slots online in areas which are under the jurisdiction of South
Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC).
About MyParkings App
This app was launched with the aim of tackling the issue of congestion of vehicle parking.
App will inform about total capacity of vehicles which can be parked, used spaces as well as space
available for parking in each of the parking site.
Who developed the app?
App has been developed by Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited (BECIL).
BECIL is the implementing agency of the app-based smart parking system under the jurisdiction of
SDMC.
BECIL will bear the entire cost of development and maintenance of the app. It will also bear capital

cost of the server as well as its allied hardware and software.
Significance of the app
Introduction of the ‘MyParking App’ will ease the process of booking parking slots because through this app
citizen will be able to know the availability of slots remotely. Thus, this mobile app will provide a new
parking experience for citizens of Delhi. This Smart Parking app is having cashless and paperless
transaction mode, which in turn will save tonnes of paper on a daily basis.
Integration with other apps
Newly launched App will also be integrated with FASTag, Vahan App, E-Challan and more such initiatives.
BECIL will also run a dedicated call centre as a customer care unit for the citizens in order to address their
queries and issues related to the app.
Parking sited under SDMC Jurisdiction
SDMC operates 145 surface parking sites across all if its four zones. It also operates six multi-level parking
sites as well as two automated parking sites.
Defence Minister addresses 'SCO seminar on Role of Women in Armed Forces'
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) seminar on ‘Role of Women in Armed Forces’ was organised on
October 14, in virtual mode.
Key Points
The webinar was addressed by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.
During the seminar, defence minister highlighted that government has taken several steps to
strengthen the role of women in the security setup in general and armed forces in particular.
He also noted that, women have been serving in Indian Military Nursing Service with pride for more
than 100 years now.
Indian Army started commissioning women officers from year 1992. Army has now moved to induct
women officers in more branches of Army as well.
Women are also being accepted for permanent commission and will be commanding army units &
battalions in near future.
Host of the seminar
This seminar was hosted by India, highlighting the role of India’s women military officers in UN
peacekeeping missions at global level.
Role of women in peacekeeping missions
India has been an active participant in the deliberations on several issues which focuses on women
empowerment and gender mainstreaming at different UN bodies. Indian Army has also contributed women
officers as Military Observers and Staff Officers apart from forming part of Medical Units which are
deployed in UN Missions.
Women Indian Armed Forces Medical Services
Women of Indian Armed Forces Medical Services headed the UN Peacekeeping mission in 1960 in Republic
of Congo and assisted in setting a 400-bed hospital. India also created history in the year 2007 by deploying
“all-female Formed Police Unit” for UN Peacekeeping in Liberia. In the year 2019, India deployed a Female
Engagement Team under the UN Stabilization Mission in Democratic Republic of the Congo.
China-Russia ‘Joint Sea 2021 naval exercise’
China and Russia are holding Joint naval drills called “Joint Sea 2021 naval exercise” in the Sea of Japan.
Key Points
The joint naval drill was kicked off from October 14, 2021.
It highlights the latest sign of growing political and military alignment between Russia and China.
The drill started in Russia’s Peter the Great Gulf in Sea of Japan. It will run through October 17, 2021.

Activities under the drill
This joint naval drill would encompass communications, joint manoeuvring & firing on seaborn targets, anti-
air, anti-mine, and anti-submarine operations, joint manoeuvring and firing on seaborn targets.
China in the drill
For the first time China will be represented by anti-submarine warfare planes and destroyers of greater than
10,000 tons in displacement for exercises abroad. China will also be represented by warships such as Type
055 large destroyer Nanchang, Type 054A frigates Binzhou & Liuzhou, Type 052D destroyer Kunming, Type
903A comprehensive supply ship Dongpinghu, vessel-borne helicopters and fixed wing anti-submarine
warfare aircraft. On the other hand, Russia will be represented by anti-submarine ships, aircraft and frigates.
China-Russia cooperation
China and Russia are jointly holding the drill as they are united in opposing the dominance of United States
in global affairs. Both the countries have been harsh critics of foreign policy of Washington in Afghanistan.
China generally follows Russia’s lead on matters like Iran. It has become increasingly assertive in defending
its vital interests regarding Taiwan, South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific. China has also strongly criticized
an agreement for Australia in order to obtain eight nuclear-powered submarines which are built with US
technology.
India re-elected to UN Human Rights Council for 2022-24
India got re-elected to the UN Human Rights Council for 2022-24 term on October 14, 2021 with the
overwhelming majority in United Nations General Assembly (UNGA).
Key Facts
Envoy from New Delhi described the election as “robust endorsement” of India’s strong roots in
democracy, fundamental rights and pluralism as enshrined in the Constitution.
This decision was taken in the 76th session of the UN General Assembly.
Assembly took place for 18 new members of the UN Human Rights Council.
These new members will serve for a period of three years, starting from January 2022.
India’s selection
India secured its selection by 184 votes in the 193-member assembly, wat ahead of the majority of 97.
India’s current term was to end on December 31 2021. There were five vacant seats in Asia-Pacific States
category namely Kazakhstan, Malaysia, India, Qatar and United Arab Emirates, for election for the term of
2022-2024.
What are the new members?
The 193-member General Assembly elected Argentina, Cameroon, Benin, Finland, Eritrea, Honduras, Gambia,
Lithuania, India, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Qatar, Paraguay, UAE, Somalia, and the
USA by secret ballot for 2022-2024 term.
Term of office of members
Members of the Council will serve for a period of three years. They will not be eligible for immediate re-
election following two consecutive terms.
How membership is given?
The membership is given on the basis of equitable geographical distribution. Seats are distributed among
regional groups Group of Asia-Pacific States, Group of African States, Group of Eastern European States,
Group of Western European & other States and Group of Latin American & Caribbean States.
AIIMS launches ‘Healthy Smile’ Mobile App
A bilingual mobile application ‘Healthy Smile’ was launched by AIIMS in a bid to raise awareness on
maintaining oral hygiene among children.

Key Facts
This app is an initiative of the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, with the help of
AIIMS intramural research grant.
This initiative was launched with the aim of spreading awareness on maintaining oral hygiene among
children right from infancy.
It will also motivate them to brush thoroughly twice a day.
App will provide information on how they can keep dental decay under control through simple home
care measures.
Feature of the App
The app comprises of a musical two-minute brushing timer along with preventive dental care tips for all age
groups of children, child-friendly colourful panels, motivational songs, FAQ’s & oral care tips during
pregnancy and brushing demonstration videos.
Why this app was launched?
This app was launched after realizing the fact that “dental caries was found to be prevalent” among the
paediatric population of India up to the extent of 40-50 percent.
Significance of the app
Development of the dental health education app for children will prove to be extremely beneficial in bringing
good oral hygiene habits from the early childhood. It will help in reducing the burden of dental diseases in
near future.

120 Multiple Choice Questions
The below MCQs are select 120 questions sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2021 Daily 20 MCQ
Series in GKToday Academy Android Application.
1. "Seafarers: at the core of shipping’s future" is the theme of which day, celebrated on 30
September?
[A] World Seafarers Day
[B] World Maritime Day
[C] World Oceanography Day
[D] World Fishery Day
Answer: World Maritime Day
The International Maritime Organization is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for
regulating shipping. It is headquartered at London. World Maritime Day 2021 is celebrated every year on
30 September. IMO has declared 2021 a year of action for seafarers, who are facing hardship due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. The World Maritime Theme for 2021 is "Seafarers: at the core of shipping’s future".
The IMO building, including the Seafarer Memorial, will be lit in blue light on World Maritime Day, to unite
the maritime community.
2. Which company has launched ‘Future Engineer Programme’ in India?
[A] Google
[B] Amazon
[C] Microsoft
[D] Facebook
Answer: Amazon
E-commerce major Amazon India announced the launch of Amazon Future Engineer in India. It is the
company’s global computer science education programme. According to the company, the programme
will enable access to quality computer science education and career opportunities for students from
underserved communities. In the first year, Amazon aims to deliver learning opportunities to more than 1
lakh students from 900 government and aided schools across seven states in the country.
3. Gold Exchange and Social Stock Exchange, which were in the news recently, are approved by
which organisation?
[A] RBI
[B] SEBI
[C] ECGC
[D] NSDL
Answer: SEBI
SEBI’s board recently cleared a proposal for setting up a ‘Gold exchange’ and a ‘Social Stock Exchange’.
In the Gold Exchange, the metal will be traded in the form of Electronic Gold Receipts (EGRs) and they
will be notified as securities. Any recognised stock exchange, existing as well as new, can launch
trading in EGRs. Vault manager should be a body incorporated in India, registered with SEBI and should
have a net worth of at least Rs 50 crore. The social stock exchange will be operated for fundraising by
social enterprises.
4. India unveiled a ‘National Action Plan for Dog Mediated Rabies Elimination’(NAPRE), to eliminate
rabies by which year?
[A] 2025
[B] 2027

[C] 2030
[D] 2032
Answer: 2030
India unveiled a ‘National Action Plan for Dog Mediated Rabies Elimination’(NAPRE) by 2030. It has been
drafted by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) in consultation with the Ministry of Fisheries,
Animal Husbandry, and Dairying. World Rabies Day is observed on September 28. NAPRE is based on 5
major pillars – political will, sustained funding, intersectoral planning, coordination and review,
community planning, and operational research.
5. ‘International Day of Awareness on Food Loss and Waste Reduction’ is observed on which day?
[A] September 29
[B] September 30
[C] October 1
[D] October 2
Answer: September 29
The world marks the second International Day of Awareness on Food Loss and Waste on September 29,
2021. UNEP also launched the ‘Food is Never Waste’ Coalition at the UN Food Systems Summit held
recently. The theme of the day this year is ‘Stop Food Loss and Waste; For the People; For the Planet”.
Around 14 percent of food produced is lost between harvest and retail, while 17 percent of total global
food production is wasted across the world in various stages. World Heart Day is also celebrated on 29
September. The theme of this year is ‘USE HEART TO CONNECT’.
6. Sweet Revolution, NBHM scheme are associated with which product?
[A] Sugarcane
[B] Honey
[C] Fruits
[D] Palm
Answer: Honey
National Beekeeping & Honey Mission (NBHM), which was announced for three years (2020-21 to
2022-23), aims for the development of scientific beekeeping in the country to achieve the goal of ‘Sweet
Revolution’. It is being implemented through National Bee Board (NBB). Union Agriculture Minister
Narendra Singh Tomar recently launched ‘Amul Honey- a product of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing
Federation Ltd. with cooperation with ‘National Bee Board’.
7. Aapda Mitra Scheme, which was seen in the news recently, is implemented by which Union
Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Defence
[B] Ministry of Home Affairs
[C] Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
[D] Ministry of MSME
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
Aapda Mitra Scheme is being implemented by Union Home Affairs Ministry. Home Minister Amit Shah
recently released the training manual of Aapda Mitra Scheme and plan documents of Aapda Mitra and
Common Alerting Protocol. The 17th Foundation Day celebrations of National Disaster Management
Authority was held recently. The theme of this year's Foundation Day is 'Stopping Impact of Disaster
Incidents in the Himalayan Region'.
8. Which Union Ministry has launched the ‘Ease of Logistics’ portal?
[A] Ministry of MSME

[B] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[C] Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
[D] Ministry of Animal Husbandry and Dairying
Answer: Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO) is the apex trade promotion organisation set up by the
Ministry of Commerce, and private trade and industry bodies in 1965. Union Minister of Commerce &
Industry Piyush Goyal recently launched the ‘Ease of Logistics’ portal. The new portal will be a
connecting link between exporters and logistic service providers. With this, the users will be able to view
the demand from exporters, quote, discuss and finalize business.
9. Fumio Kishida, who was seen in the news recently, is the next Prime Minsiter of which country?
[A] Japan
[B] North Korea
[C] Thailand
[D] Vietnam
Answer: Japan
Japan’s former foreign minister Fumio Kishida is set to replace Yoshihide Suga as the Prime minister.
He has won the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s leadership vote on Wednesday. The 64-year-old is set
to replace PM Suga, after his approval ratings fell within his first year in office. Japan is facing a
stagnant economy damaged by the coronavirus pandemic, unprecedented public health crisis, and
increased political threatening by China.
10. Which country has recently announced a multibillion-euro Defence deal with France?
[A] Greece
[B] Turkey
[C] Italy
[D] Spain
Answer: Greece
France and Greece announced a multibillion-euro Defence deal, which includes the decision of Greece to
buy three French warships. Greece will boost its Defense capacities in the Eastern Mediterranean amid
tensions with Turkey. President Emmanuel Macron and Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis
announced a Defense and security strategic partnership in Paris. Greece has already bought 18 French
Rafale fighter jets.
11. Legal Initiative for Forest and Environment (LIFE), which received 2021 Right Livelihood Award,
is based in which state/UT?
[A] Hyderabad
[B] Delhi
[C] Chennai
[D] Gandhi Nagar
Answer: Delhi
Delhi-based environmental organisation Legal Initiative for Forest and Environment (LIFE) has received
the 2021 Right Livelihood Award. The organisation empowers vulnerable communities to protect their
livelihoods and claim their right to a clean environment. The award is known as Sweden’s alternative
Nobel Prize. Other awardees include Cameroonian women rights activist Marthe Wandou, Russian
environmental activist Vladimir Slivyak, and Canadian Indigenous rights defender Freda Huson.
12. The Cabinet approved the continuation of the National Export Insurance Account (NEIA) scheme
till which year?

[A] 2022-23
[B] 2023-24
[C] 2024-25
[D] 2025-26
Answer: 2025-26
The Cabinet approved the continuation of the National Export Insurance Account (NEIA) scheme. The
Government has announced an infusion of Rs 1,650 crore grant-in-aid over five years from FY 2021-2022
to FY 2025-2026. The Cabinet also approved the listing of Export Credit Guarantee Corporation Ltd.
(ECCG), an unlisted CPSE, on the stock exchange. Rs 4,400 crore will be invested in ECGC Ltd in five
years, starting from the financial year 2021-22.
13. Which institution released the report titled ‘Transforming Food Systems for Rural Prosperity’?
[A] IFAD
[B] FAO
[C] NABARD
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: IFAD
United Nations International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) has recently released a report
titled ‘Transforming Food Systems for Rural Prosperity’. The report recommended several concrete
actions to be taken by governments and policymakers. It said that the Global food systems need a huge
revolution, in a more inclusive, fair and sustainable way. As per the report, Food systems are responsible
for 37 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions and also highly vulnerable to a changing climate.
14. Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) is associated with which Ministry?
[B] Ministry of Finance
[C] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[D] Ministry of Textiles
Answer: Ministry of Finance
The Union Finance Ministry has extended the validity of the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme
(ECLGS) by another six months till March 31, 2022, or till guarantees for the overall ceiling of Rs 4.5 lakh
crore are issued, whichever is earlier. The scheme is aimed to support micro, small and medium
enterprises, by helping them deal with funds shortage and promote exports. As of September 24, 2021,
over Rs. 2.86 lakh crore worth of loans were sanctioned under the scheme
15. Najla Bouden Romdhane, is the first female Prime Minister of which country?
[A] Tunisia
[B] Turkey
[C] Greece
[D] Cuba
Answer: Tunisia
Najla Bouden Romdhane has been named Tunisia’s first female prime minister. Before two months
President Kais Saied assumed executive authority, sacked the prime minister and suspended
parliament. The President had said that during the emergency period, the government would be
responsible to the president. Hence, the new Prime Minister would have less direct power than previous
Prime Ministers.
16. Which institution has developed the first alternative to corneal transplantation in India?
[A] AIIMS
[B] JIPMER
[C] IIT- Hyderabad
[D] NIT- Tiruchirappalli
Answer: IIT- Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-Hyderabad) researchers have recently developed an
alternative to corneal transplantation. The research team have developed a hydrogel from discarded
corneas from human and bovine sources using a novel method. The team discovered that this tissue-
specific hydrogel can prevent cells from scar tissue formation. The team also demonstrated that this
hydrogel can be applied after injury which helps to regenerate the cornea without scarring.
17. Lucy Mission, which was seen in the news recently, is associated with which space agency?
[A] ISRO
[B] NASA
[C] Blue Origin
[D] SpaceX
Answer: NASA
Lucy is a mission of the USA’s NASA, to study Jupiter's Trojan asteroids. This is set to provide new
insights into the solar system's formation 4.5 billion years ago The probe is named Lucy after an ancient
fossil that provided insights into the evolution of human species. It is set to be launched on October 16
from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. It will have a 12-year journey to eight different
asteroids- one in the Main Belt between Mars and Jupiter and seven Trojans.
18. What is the External debt ratio to GDP of India, as of March 2020?
[A] 1.11%
[B] 11.1%
[C] 21.1%
[D] 41.1%
Answer: 21.1%
According to the Union Finance Ministry’ status report on India's external debt, India’s External debt to
GDP ratio increased marginally to 21.1% from 20.6% as at end-March 2020. India's external debt rose by
2.1% year-on-year to $570 billion as of March-end 2021. Reserves to external debt ratio increased to
101.2% from 85.6% during the same period. With this, it can be concluded that India is a net creditor to
the world. The sovereign debt at $107.2 billion rose by 6.2%. The non-sovereign debt grew 1.2% to
$462.8 billion.
19. Which institution released a report titled ‘Digital Economy Report 2021’?
[A] IMF
[B] World Bank
[C] UNCTAD
[D] WTO
Answer: UNCTAD
Digital Economy Report 2021 was released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD). The report examines the implications of growing cross-border data flows, especially for
developing countries. It proposes to broaden the international policy debate with a view to build
multilateral cooperation. The Report also calls for innovative approaches to govern data and data flows
to ensure equitable distribution of the gains from data flows.
20. Which country observed its first ‘National Day for Truth and Reconciliation’?
[A] Australia
[B] Japan
[C] UK
[D] Canada
Answer: Canada
Canada observed its first National Day for Truth and Reconciliation on September 30. It is an annual
commemoration honouring the children who died while attending residential schools. It united the
survivors, families and communities still affected by the legacy of the residential school system. In
2017, a private member's bill was introduced to make National Day for Truth and Reconciliation an
official holiday. Recently, hundreds of potential burial sites and unmarked graves were discovered near
former residential schools.
21. Mont Blanc, which was seen in the news recently, is the highest peak in which mountain range?
[A] Himalayas
[B] Alps
[C] Andes
[D] Mount Everest
Answer: Alps
Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in the Alps and Western Europe. The summit of the Mont Blanc
peak, has shrunk by two metres over the past 20 years. Recently, surveyors including experts and high
mountain guides measured the peak and announced its new measurements. It has reached an official
height of 4,807.81 metres above sea level. The official height has been on a downward slide for over a
decade. The highest reading was 4,810.9 metres in 2007.
22. 'Prashasan Gaon ke Sang', is an initiative of which Indian state/UT?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Punjab
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Haryana
Answer: Rajasthan
The state government of Rajasthan has launched a campaign named 'Prashasan Gaon ke Sang'. It aims
to enable access to 22 departments of the local administration for the people of remote villages in the
state. Under the campaign, the departments would hold camps at every gram panchayat to offer on-spot
solutions to the applicants. The camps in villages would be held under the observation of respective
District Collectors on weekdays. Services related to land deeds and issuance of various certificates are
also done.
23. Which Indian is one among the 2021 Yidan Prize awardees?
[A] Dr Rukmini Banerji
[B] Santanu Mishra
[C] Rippan Kapur
[D] Anshu Gupta
Answer: Dr Rukmini Banerji
The Yidan Prize is an education award that recognizes individuals, or teams, who have contributed
significantly to education research and development. The Yidan Prize Foundation have awarded India-
based Dr Rukmini Banerji and US-based Professor Eric Hanushek the prestigious Yidan Prize 2021. Nine
laureates have been awarded the Yidan Prize since its inception in 2016. Dr Rukmini Banerji, Chief
Executive Officer of the Pratham Education Foundation, is awarded for her work in improving learning
outcomes.

24. AMRUT 2.0 and SBM-U 2.0, which were launched recently, com under which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Agriculture
[B] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
[C] Ministry of MSME
[D] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Recently Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U) 2.0 and
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) 2.0. The schemes would be
implemented by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, like their previous versions. SBM-U 2.0 envisions
to make all cities ‘Garbage Free’ and ensure grey and black water management in all cities. The outlay of
SBM-U 2.0 is around ₹1.41 lakh crore. AMRUT 2.0 aims to provide 100% coverage of water supply to all
households in around 4,700 urban local bodies and 100% coverage of sewerage and septage in 500
AMRUT cities.
25. Who is the head of the expert group on minimum wages and national-floor wages?
[A] SP Mukherjee
[B] JK Ghosh
[C] GP Samanta
[D] Kshatrapati Shivaji
Answer: SP Mukherjee
The expert group on minimum wages and national-floor wages has been reconstituted under economist
and statistician SP Mukherjee. He replaces the previous head Ajit Mishra. The group has been
constituted for a term of three years. The Labour Code on Wages 2019, gives legislative protection of
minimum wages to all workers. The Satpathy-led panel had suggested a national minimum wage at Rs
375 per day or Rs 9,750 per month irrespective of sectors, skills, occupations and rural-urban locations.
26. What per cent of India's exports is contributed by MSMEs, approximately?
[A] 30
[B] 40
[C] 50
[D] 60
Answer: 40
India has more than 63 million MSMEs. They account for nearly 40 per cent of India's exports, about
6.11 per cent of the country's manufacturing GDP. MSMEs contribute to 24.63 per cent of the GDP from
services sector. Union MSME Minister Narayan Rane has inaugurated the India Export Initiative and
IndiaXports 2021 portal of the India SME Forum. India has fixed its exports target of USD 400 billion for
this fiscal year. The Minister said that MSMEs would further take it to $1 trillion by 2027.
27. Hwasong-8, which was seen in the news recently, is a new hypersonic missile tested by which
country?
[A] China
[B] Japan
[C] Israel
[D] North Korea
Answer: North Korea
North Korea has claimed that it successfully tested a new hypersonic missile called Hwasong-8. This
technology allows missiles to be pre-fuelled and then sent to the field. Days after the hypersonic missile,
North Korea said it test-fired a new anti-aircraft missile. This marks the country’s fourth weapons test in

under a month. North Korea also said that its weapons are needed for self-defence.
28. SAGE and SACRED, which were seen in the news, are new portals associated with which
segment of population?
[A] Old Age People
[B] Children
[C] Women
[D] Trans Gender People
Answer: Old Age People
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment organised VAYO NAMAN Programme on the occasion
of International Day of Older Persons. Vice President Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu presented Vayoshreshtha
Samman-2021 to senior citizens. Vice President also launched two portals - SAGE (Seniorcare Aging
Growth Engine) and SACRED (Senior Able Citizens for Re-Employment in Dignity). The SAGE portal,
designed by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, aims to encourage entrepreneurs in the
area of elderly care. SACRED portal will connect the senior citizens with job providers in the private
sector.
29. When is the ‘National Voluntary Blood Donation Day’ observed?
[A] October 1
[B] October 2
[C] October 3
[D] October 4
Answer: October 1
National Voluntary Blood Donation Day is celebrated on 1st October of every year across the country. It
aims to raise awareness about Blood donation and promote voluntary Blood donation in the country. The
theme for this year’s Blood donation event is “Give Blood and keep the world beating”. On this day
various public and private organizations hold Blood donation camps and awareness activities. Our
country needs around 1.45 crore units of blood every year. Collection of blood is done through 3500
licensed blood banks across the country.
30. ‘Chacha Chaudhary’ has been declared as the mascot of which programme in India?
[A] Swachh Bharat 2.0
[B] SAUBHAGYA
[C] Namami Gange Programme
[D] PM Ujjwala Yojana
Answer: Namami Gange Programme
National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) announced that Chacha Chaudhary, the popular comic book
character, has been declared as a mascot of Namami Gange Programme. The character would be used
for sensitising children and youths about the cleaning of Ganga and other rivers. ‘Ganga ki Baat, Chacha
Choudhary Ke Sath’ is a public engagement activity under the public outreach activities of Namami
Gange mission.”
31. Which country has recently declared a state of emergency in the prison system?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] Cuba
[D] Ecuador
Answer: Ecuador
The President of Ecuador has recently declared a state of emergency in the prison system of the

country. This decision is followed by a prison massacre event in which more than 115 prison inmates
are reported dead. The state of emergency gives powers to the Government to deploy police and
soldiers inside prisons to bring violent situations under control.
32. “People’s Plan Campaign “Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas” has been launched by which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Finance
[B] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
[C] Ministry of Panchayati Raj
[D] Ministry of Agriculture
Answer: Ministry of Panchayati Raj
The Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj and Rural Development has launched the People’s Plan
Campaign-2021 “Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas” and the Vibrant Gram Sabha Dashboard recently. The
campaign was launched by the Union Minister Giriraj Singh, during which he also released a booklet on
People Plan Campaign-2021 for preparation of plans for 2022-23.
33. “Bal Raksha Kit” is an immunity boosting medicine developed by which organisation?
[A] AIIMS
[B] IIT Bombay
[C] AIIA
[D] DRDO
Answer: AIIA
The All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), under the aegis Union Ayush Ministry has developed an
immunity booster kit for children named “Bal Raksha Kit”, which can be consumed by children upto the
age of 16 years. This can be undertaken by the children till the time vaccine is available for COVID 19
disease. The Ministry has planned that, on National Ayurveda Day (November 2), 10,000 Bal Raksha kits
would be distributed free-of-cost.
34. LORROS, which is in news recently, is a system associated with which field?
[A] Agriculture
[B] Surveillance
[C] Artificial Intelligence
[D] Finance
Answer: Surveillance
LORROS stands for Long Range Reconnaissance and Observation System, which is a sensor system to
provide for long-range day-time and night-time surveillance. It is used by the national security forces like
the Indian Army, to counter infiltration. LORROS has been in the news recently, as an expert panel has
cleared a revised technical requirement for implementation of the technology by Border Security Force
and Indo-Tibetan Border Police.
35. India has recently signed “Terms of Reference for the Conduct of Navy-to-Navy Talks” with
which country?
[A] China
[B] USA
[C] Australia
[D] Japan
Answer: Australia
The Indian Navy had signed the “Joint Guidance for the India – Australia Navy to Navy Relationship” on
18th August 2021, following which India has signed Terms of Reference for the Conduct of Navy-to-Navy
Talks” with Australia. The signing ceremony was held virtually between the Rear Admiral of the two

Navies.
36. Which institution publishes the Global Financial Stability Report semi-annually?
[A] World Bank
[B] IMF
[C] ADB
[D] New Development Bank
Answer: IMF
The Global Financial Stability Report is a semi-annual publication by the International Monetary Fund,
which gives detailed review on the stability of global financial markets. In the recent Global Financial
Stability Report, the IMF has dedicated an exclusive chapter to cryptocurrency. Under it, IMF mentions
that rapid growth of the crypto ecosystem presents new opportunities at the same time, it has cautioned
about the financial stability challenges.
37. Who has become the first Indian Woman cricketer to score a century in Australia?
[A] Smriti Mandhana
[B] Mithali Raj
[C] Shafali Verma
[D] Punam Raut
Answer: Smriti Mandhana
Indian ace woman cricketer Smriti Mandhana has created a new record by becoming the very first Indian
woman to score a century in Australia. The previously held record in this regard was 58 runs in the
second innings of the Melbourne Test in 1991. Mandhana scored 127 runs off 216 balls, which included
22 boundaries and a six.
38. Edayur and Kuttiattoor, which were in news recently, belongs to which state?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Kerala
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Kerala
Edayur Chilli and Kuttiattoor Mango of the state of Kerala have received Geographical Indication tag (GI
Tag) recently. Geographical Indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical
origin and is regulated under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act of
1999. GI is awarded by the Controller General of Patents, Design and Trade Marks, under the Union
Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
39. G Sathiyan, Harmeet Desai and A Sharath Kamal are associated with which sport?
[A] Table Tennis
[B] Tennis
[C] Shooting
[D] Boxing
Answer: Table Tennis
Indian Men’s Table Tennis team which includes ace players G Sathiyan, Harmeet Desai and A Sharath
Kamal have won Bronze medal at the Asian Championships at Doha, Qatar. The team lost to South Korea
with a 0-3 point at the semi-finals. During the event, the Indian women's team secured the 5th position.
40. The famous ‘World Expo’ is hosted by which city from October 2021 to March 2022?
[A] Dubai
[B] Abu Dhabi
[C] Doha
[D] Muscat
Answer: Dubai
The Dubai Expo 2020, the world’s biggest trade and commerce exhibition would run for a period of 6
months from 1 October to 31 March 2022. This World Expo hosted by Dubai, United Arab Emirates, has
the theme, 'Connecting Minds, Creating the Future'. In the Expo, India has 1 lakh square feet pavilion
which showcases India’s emerging sectors, achievements of ministries and states. One floor of the India
pavilion is devoted to India’s art, dance, and culture. The pavilion was constructed by state-run NBCC
and FICCI decided the content to display.
41. As per RBI, Additional Factor Authentication (AFA) by OTP for all recurring transactions above
Rs. ……… is mandated?
[A] Rs 2000
[B] Rs 5000
[C] Rs 10000
[D] Rs 15000
Answer: Rs 5000
The Reserve Bank of India has mandated all banks to make Additional Factor Authentication (AFA) by
way of OTP for all recurring or repetitive payments of value Rs.5000 and above, especially for the ones
made through credit and debit cards. This has come into effect from 1st October 2021. RBI has also
mandated that customers are notified about the scheduled payment 24 hrs in advance by the bank.
42. What is the name of the fund launched recently for collecting contributions for providing tap
water connection?
[A] Rashtriya Jal Jeevan Kosh
[B] Bharat Jal Kosh
[C] Atma Nirbhar Jal Kosh
[D] Humara Jal Jeevan Kosh
Answer: Rashtriya Jal Jeevan Kosh
Prime Minister recehntly virtually launched the Jal Jeevan Mission mobile application. It contains all
details about the mission including the number of households that received water, quality of water etc.
The application aims to improve awareness among stakeholders and for more transparency and
accountability of schemes under the Jal Jeevan mission. He also launched the Rashtriya Jal Jeevan
Kosh. The fund facilitates contributions for providing tap water connection in every rural household,
school, Anganwadi centre, etc. Contributions can be made by any individual, organisation, philanthropist,
either in India or abroad.
43. Who is the Patron-in-Chief of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)?
[A] President of India
[B] Prime Minister of India
[C] Chief Justice of India
[D] Comptroller and Auditor General
Answer: Chief Justice of India
The Chief Justice of India (CJI), is also the Patron-in-chief of the National Legal Services Authority.
Recently, the six-week-long 'The Pan India Legal Awareness and Outreach Campaign' by NALSA was
launched at Vigyan Bhavan. It was inaugurated by President Ram Nath Kovind on the occasion of
Mahatma Gandhi’s birth anniversary.
44. What is the name of the cyclone that hit Oman and is an offspring of the cyclone Gulab?

[A] Shaheen
[B] Fakit
[C] Gulmuhar
[D] Tez
Answer: Shaheen
The Tropical Cyclone Shaheen has hit the coast of Oman and has caused human and material damage in
the region. This cyclone is an offspring of the cyclone Gulab which had a devastating impact on the east
coast of India in late September 2021. The remnant of cyclone Gulab along with the low-pressure region
over Gujarat had gained strength to form the new cyclone Shaheen.
45. Which organization publishes the “Model Lists of Essential Medicines”?
[A] AIIMS
[B] IMA
[C] WHO
[D] FAO
Answer: WHO
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently published the latest edition of “Model Lists of
Essential Medicines and Essential Medicines for Children”. The new list has prioritized access to
diabetes and cancer treatments. The list has included new medicines to assist people who want to stop
smoking and new antimicrobials to treat serious bacterial and fungal infections.
46. ‘DAY NRLM’ scheme is implemented by which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
[B] Ministry of Agriculture
[C] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[D] Ministry of Rural Development
Answer: Ministry of Rural Development
The Deendayal Antayodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY NRLM) is a flagship
scheme launched by the Union Ministry of Rural Development in the year 2011, which creates an
institutional platform for rural poor and enhance their livelihood. Under the scheme, recently 50,000
women SHG members have been dedicated to the nation as B C Sakhi, who would provide doorstep
services in every Gram Panchayat.
47. Abiy Ahmed, has been sworn in as the Prime Minister of which country?
[A] Israel
[B] Iran
[C] Ethiopia
[D] Venezuela
Answer: Ethiopia
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has been sworn in for a new five-year term. The government has
been facing a lot of challenges, including a long conflict in the northern region of Tigray. Abiy’s
Prosperity Party was declared the winner of parliamentary elections earlier this year. The prime minister
was also the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize winner for restoring ties with neighbouring country Eritrea.
48. Which state is set to receive the first consignment of Kashmiri walnuts, flagged off for the first
time?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Karnataka
[C] Kerala

[D] Punjab
Answer: Karnataka
The first consignment of Kashmiri walnuts was recently flagged off from Budgam. The consignment
with 2,000 kgs of walnuts was despatched to Bengaluru, Karnataka under the One District, One Product
(ODOP) initiative. ODOP is a flagship initiative of Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Kashmir accounts
for 90% of India’s walnut production. They are known for the superior quality, taste and nutrients and
hence widely in demand across the globe.
49. Which state has provided Rs 445 Cr to DISCOMs, to prevent Elephant Electrocution?
[A] Kerala
[B] Odisha
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Odisha
The Odisha government has provided ₹445.75 crore to distribution companies (DISCOMs) to increase
the ground clearance of electrical networks. The DISCOMs would replace bare conductors in elephant
corridors. According to the Wildlife Society of Orissa (WSO), 862 elephants have lost their lives between
April 2010 August 2021. It also highlights that as many as 135, or nearly 16% of those elephants died
due to electrocution.
50. ‘Credit Guarantee Scheme for Subordinate Debt’ is aimed to provide credit facility to which type
of borrowers?
[A] Street Vendors
[B] Stressed MSMEs
[C] Stressed Farmers
[D] Fishermen
Answer: Stressed MSMEs
'Credit Guarantee Scheme for Subordinate Debt’ was launched on 24th June, 2020 to provide credit
facility to the promoters of stressed MSMEs, through lending institutions. SMA-2 and NPA accounts who
are eligible for restructuring as per RBI guidelines are the beneficiaries. The Government had earlier
decided to extend this scheme for six months from 31.03.2021 to 30.09.2021. Now it has been further
extended till 31.03.2022.
51. Which city is set to play host to the 40th edition of India International Trade Fair (IITF)?
[A] Mumbai
[B] New Delhi
[C] Varanasi
[D] Ahmedabad
Answer: New Delhi
India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) is set to conduct the 40th edition of India International Trade
Fair (IITF) at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi from November 14 to 27. The fair is to be conducted with the
theme of “Atmanirbhar Bharat” with a focus on economy, export potential, infrastructure supply chain,
demand and vibrant demography. The event is organised as a part of “AzadiKaAmritMahotsav”.
52. Which Football club won their maiden Durand Cup football title in 2021?
[A] FC Kerala
[B] FC Goa
[C] Odisha FC
[D] Bengaluru FC

Answer: FC Goa
FC Goa claimed their maiden Durand Cup football tournament title after a 1-0 win over Mohammedan SC
in the fnal clash in Kolkata. Captain Eduardo Bedia scored the important goal in the 105th minute after
the final match went into the extra time. The Durand Cup also marked FC Goa coach Juan Ferrando
Fenoll's first-ever trophy in India.
53. What are ‘Pandora Papers’ which is seen in the news recently?
[A] Paper manufactured in Italy
[B] Eco friendly paper
[C] Documents revealing undisclosed wealth and tax avoidance
[D] Documents related to Bitcoin
Answer: Documents revealing undisclosed wealth and tax avoidance
The Pandora Papers, which is in the news recently are documents on hidden wealth, tax avoidance and
money laundering by famous personalities across the globe. The data in this regard has been obtained
by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and more than 140 media organisations are
working on the people who are involved in money laundering. These documents reveal the complex
network of companies set up across the globe to evade taxation.
54. Who is the MD of National Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd. (NARCL)?
[A] PM Nair
[B] Ajit Doval
[C] Urjit Patel
[D] UK Sinha
Answer: PM Nair
PM Nair – a stressed assets expert from State Bank of India is the MD of National Asset Reconstruction
Company Ltd, which has recently received the approval of the Reserve Bank of India to commence its
operations. The decision to constitute the “Bad Bank” / NARCL to clean the books of PSU was declared
in the Union Budget 2021-22.
55. “Azadi@75 – New Urban India” – the Urban conclave was inaugurated in which city?
[A] Mumbai
[B] New Delhi
[C] Varanasi
[D] Lucknow
Answer: Lucknow
The Prime Minister of India Shri. Narendra Modi has inaugurated the “Azadi@75 – New Urban India” –
an urban conclave cum expo at Lucknow. During the inaugural event, the PM handed over digitally the
keys of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U) houses to 75,000 beneficiaries located in 75
districts of Uttar Pradesh.
56. In which state, a “Made in India” drone has been used to transport Covid-19 vaccines?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Assam
[C] Manipur
[D] Kerala
Answer: Manipur
ICMR's initiative for 'drone-based vaccine delivery system' in North-Eastern India was launched recently.
A “Made in India” drone was deployed in Manipur to transport Covid-19 vaccines for an aerial distance of
15 km from Bishnupur district hospital to the Loktak lake, Karang island. This is the first time a Made in
India drone was deployed for vaccine transportation. This makes India the first nation in Southeast Asia
to send vaccines in an unmanned aerial craft.
57. When is World Habitat Day observed every year?
[A] First Monday of October
[B] First Sunday of October
[C] Last Sunday of September
[D] Last Saturday of September
Answer: First Monday of October
Every year, First Monday of October is observed by the United Nations as “World Habitat Day”, to stress
on the basic right of all to adequate shelter and to highlight the state of our habitats. This year, it was
observed on October 4. The theme for this year’s World Habitat Day is “Accelerating urban action for a
carbon-free world”.
58. 'JIMEX', is the maritime exercise between India and which country?
[A] Japan
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] Jamaica
[D] France
Answer: Japan
The fifth edition of the India-Japan Maritime Bilateral Exercise (JIMEX) between the Indian Navy and the
Japan Maritime Self-Defence Force (JMSDF), is set to be held in the Arabian Sea from October 6 to 8.
JIMEX series of exercises was started in January 2012 with special focus on maritime security
cooperation. The most recent edition of JIMEX was conducted in September 2020. Indian Navy will be
represented by Indigenously-built Guided Missile Stealth Destroyer Kochi and Guided Missile Frigate
Teg.
59. Comprehensive Handicrafts Cluster Development Scheme (CHCDS) is a scheme of which Union
Ministry?
[B] Ministry of Textiles
[C] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Answer: Ministry of Textiles
The Ministry of Textiles has approved continuation of Comprehensive Handicrafts Cluster Development
Scheme (CHCDS) with a total outlay of ₹160 crore. The scheme will now continue up to March 2026.
Under the scheme, infrastructural support, market access, design and technology up-gradation support
are provided to handicraft artisans.
60. Which state has passed a law to allow grant-in-aid colleges to affiliate with private universities?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Gujarat
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Kerala
Answer: Gujarat
Gujarat Legislative Assembly has unanimously revoked the Gujarat Private Universities (Second
Amendment) Bill 2021. Four months ago, the state government had passed an ordinance allowing grant-
in-aid colleges to affiliate with private universities. It amended the 2009 Act, deleting the clause
exempting the grant-in-aid colleges and institutions from affiliating to universities established by their

sponsoring bodies. This allowed grant-in-aid colleges to switch affiliations from state-run universities to
private ones.
61. ‘Swechha’ programme is an initiative of which Indian state/UT?
[A] Telangana
[B] Andhra Pradesh
[C] Karnataka
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy will launch the ‘Swechha’ programme, which
aims to promote the health and hygiene of women and adolescent girls. Under the initiative, the state
government will provide sanitary napkins at government educational institutions free of cost. 10 lakh
adolescent girls studying from 7th-12th grades in all government schools and intermediate colleges
across the state would be provided 10 sanitary napkins will be given every month.
62. “Tomb of the Unknown Soldier” is situated in which country?
[A] Italy
[B] France
[C] USA
[D] UK
Answer: USA
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is a famed memorial in Arlington National Cemetery – USA, has been
constructed to pay tribute to the unidentified service members who died in U.S. conflicts. The place has
been in news recently, since for the first time in 84 years the monument has an all-female guard, which
is seen as a milestone in the USA.
63. “MITRA” scheme announced in Budget 2021-22 is associated with which sector?
[A] Defence
[B] Textile
[C] Automobile
[D] Medicine
Answer: Textile
The PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (MITRA) was announced in the Union Budget
2021-22 for growth of the textile sector and place India as a global leader in Textiles. The Government
has approved setting up of 7 Mega Textile parks at a proposed cost of Rs.4445 crore. These parks are
expected to provide job opportunities to 21 lakh people.
64. What is the theme for this year’s “World Teacher’s Day”?
[A] We care for Teachers
[B] Support for Teachers
[C] Teachers at the heart of education recovery
[D] Teachers to be taught
Answer: Teachers at the heart of education recovery
Every year, 5th October is celebrated as the World Teachers’ Day by UNESCO. This was introduced in
1994 to recognize Teacher’s contributions to shape the world. This year, World Teacher’s Day is
celebrated under the theme “Teachers at the heart of education recovery”. This theme stresses the
support which teachers require to make education recovery from COVID disruption.
65. The Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2021 has been awarded for developing a new way for building
molecules known as?
[A] Asymmetric organocatalysis
[B] Altered DNAs
[C] Altered mRNAs
[D] None of these
Answer: Asymmetric organocatalysis
The Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2021 has been awarded to Benjamin List and David WC MacMillan. They
were cited for developing a new way for building molecules known as “Asymmetric organocatalysis.” As
per the Nobel panel, List and MacMillan independently developed a new way of catalysis. Last year, the
prize went to Emmanuelle Charpentier of France and Jennifer A. Doudna of the United States for
developing a gene-editing tool which provided a way to alter DNA.
66. Which country has passed the “Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Bill”?
[A] Singapore
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] Afghanistan
[D] Nepal
Answer: Singapore
Singapore has passed the ‘Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Bill’. The act identifies people who
could possibly present a threat to the country’s political sovereignty if “the person’s activities are
influenced by foreign principals”. The law is aimed at strengthening the government’s ability to prevent
or detect any foreign interference in domestic politics. The Minister of Home Affairs gets the right to
investigate or remove social media accounts, internet websites and applications and internet service.
67. The Forest Conservation Act, to which changed are proposed, was passed in which year?
[A] 1972
[B] 1980
[C] 1992
[D] 2000
Answer: 1980
The Union Environment Ministry has released a consultation paper on amending the Forest Conservation
Act 1980 to bring some important changes to Forest governance in India. In includes enabling private
plantations for harvesting and exploration or extraction of oil and natural gas deep beneath forest land
by drilling holes from outside the forest areas. State governments have been asked to send their
comments within 15 days.
68. Mosquirix, which was seen in the news, is the first vaccine approved by WHO, against which
disease?
[A] Dengue
[B] Malaria
[C] Zika
[D] West Nile virus
Answer: Malaria
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of the first-ever malaria vaccine for
children. The WHO panel approved the RTS,S/AS01 malaria or Mosquirix - a vaccine developed by the
British drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). As per WHO, Malaria kills about 500,000 people each year,
about half of them are the children in Africa. Mosquirix is given in three doses between ages 5 and 17
months, and a fourth dose roughly 18 months later.
69. Anshu Malik, who was seen in the news recently, is associated with which sports?

[A] Wrestling
[B] Weight- Lifting
[C] Fencing
[D] Table Tennis
Answer: Wrestling
Anshu Malik created history by becoming the first Indian woman wrestler to reach the final of the
wrestling World Championships. The 19-year-old wrestler is the reigning Asian champion. Only four
Indian women wrestlers have won medals at the Worlds- Geeta Phogat (2012), Babita Phogat (2012),
Pooja Dhanda (2018) and Vinesh Phogat (2019) and all of them have clinched bronze. Anshu has the
chance of becoming only the second Indian wrestler to become a world champion, after Sushil Kumar
(2010).
70. High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People, was officially launched in which year?
[A] 1984
[B] 1992
[C] 2000
[D] 2021
Answer: 2021
The High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People (HAC) is an intergovernmental group, co-chaired by
France and Costa Rica. Its objective is to support the adoption of a target to protect 30% of the planet’s
land and 30% of its oceans by 2030 (30x30 target). The Coalition was officially launched at the One
Planet Summit in 2021. It currently has around 70 members. India officially joined the coalition at a
ceremony held between the French and Indian governments in New Delhi.
71. Vallilath Madhathil Madhavan Nair, who passed away recently, is associated with which
profession?
[A] Sports
[B] Business
[C] Bureaucracy
[D] Politics
Answer: Bureaucracy
Vallilath Madhathil Madhavan Nair, the oldest living former diplomat of India, passed away at the age of
102. He joined the Indian Civil Service or the ICS in 1942 and was allotted to the Bihar Cadre. He was
permanently recruited to the Indian Foreign Service later. He had served in various important positions in
the External Affairs Department and in charge of Commonwealth Relations. He retired from the IFS in
the late 1970s.
72. Where is the US-India Business Council (USIBC) summit held recently?
[A] Washington
[B] New Delhi
[C] New York
[D] Pune
Answer: New Delhi
The US-India Business Council (USIBC) summit was held recently in New Delhi. India and the United
States of America held bilateral talks during the visit of Deputy Secretary of State Wendy R Sherman to
Delhi. They also discussed India-US "2+2" ministeral meeting which is likely to be held in November. The
officials also discussed on S-400 air-defence system that India is buying from Russia.
73. Which Indian topped the Forbes Rich List for the 14th year in a row?

[A] Gautam Adani
[B] Mukesh Ambani
[C] Radhakrishnan Damani
[D] Savitri Jindal
Answer: Mukesh Ambani
Mukesh Ambani, Chairman of Reliance Industries, topped the rich list for the 14th year in a row, as per
Forbes Rich List, with a total wealth of $92 billion, He has added $4 billion to his net worth in the year
2021. Gautam Adani, with a wealth of $74.8 billion, is the second richest in India with only $17.9 billion
short of Ambani. Shiv Nadar of HCL was number three in the list with a wealth of $31 billion.
Radhakrishnan Damani, founder of Avenues Super-mart, and Cyrus Poonawalla, Chairman of Serum
Institute, were placed fourth and fifth.
74. How many countries are part of the Central Asian Flyway (CAF)?
[A] 30
[B] 40
[C] 50
[D] 60
Answer: 30
The two-day Online Meeting of Range countries began to strengthen the conservation actions for
migratory birds and their habitats in the Central Asian Flyway. Central Asian Flyway (CAF) covers a large
area of Eurasia between the Arctic and Indian Oceans. This area comprises several important migration
routes of birds. There are 30 countries under the Central Asian Flyway, including India. India organised
two-day online meeting on 6th -7th October 2021 with CAF Range Countries.
75. The ‘Ajeya Warrior’ Defence exercise is held between India and which country?
[A] UK
[B] France
[C] Sri Lanka
[D] Bangladesh
Answer: UK
India and the UK kickstarted a two-week military exercise ‘Ajeya Warrior’ at Chaubatia in Uttarakhand. It
aims to strengthen bilateral defence cooperation between the two countries. As per the Indian Army, this
edition of the ‘Ajeya Warrior’ exercise is part of an initiative to develop interoperability and sharing of
expertise, it said.
76. Which Indian state/UT has launched the ‘State Capability Forum’?
[A] Assam
[B] Meghalaya
[C] Odisha
[D] Telangana
Answer: Meghalaya
Meghalaya has recently launched the Meghalaya State Capability Forum. It is initiated under the ongoing
State Capability Enhancement Project (SCEP). Meghalaya State Capability Forum will include bi-monthly
events, attended by public officials, academia and civil society members. Each event will focus on a
theme of importance for Meghalaya’s development.
77. Which institution released a report titled ‘Shifting Gears: Digitization and Services-Led
Development’?
[A] IMF

[B] World Bank
[C] NITI Aayog
[D] UNEP
Answer: World Bank
World Bank recently released the report titled ‘Shifting Gears: Digitization and Services-Led
Development’. As per the report, India’s real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the current fiscal year is
estimated to grow by 8.3%. This is a South Asia economic focus report released ahead of its annual
meetings which start next week in Washington.
78. PM CARES for Children Scheme is implemented by which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
[B] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Women and Child Development
The Ministry of Women and Child Development has issued the detailed guidelines for PM CARES for
Children Scheme. The aim of the scheme is to ensure protection of children who have lost their
parent(s) to COVID pandemic. The scheme is expected to continue till the year when every identified
beneficiary shall turn 23 years of age.
79. Lakhimpur, which was seen often in the news, is located in which Indian state?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Uttarakhand
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Assam
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Lakhimpur is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It was seen in the news because in the October 3
Lakhimpur Kheri violence, nine persons lost their lives. The Uttar Pradesh government has deputed
Pradeep Kumar Srivastava, a retired judge of the Allahabad High Court, to probe the Lakhimpur Kheri
violence. The judicial commission will have its office in Lakhimpur Kheri and would submit its report
within two months.
80. What is the theme of the ‘World Post Day’ 2021?
[A] Innovate to recover
[B] Post to Connect
[C] Communication during Covid
[D] Post across the World
Answer: Innovate to recover
World Post Day is celebrated each year on 9th of October to mark the anniversary of establishment of
the Universal Postal Union in 1874. India has been a member of the Universal Postal Union since 1876.
The theme for this year’s World Post Day is ‘Innovate to recover’. The objective of the World Post Day is
to create awareness about the role of postal sector in the lives of people.
81. What is the name of the application launched by the Union Shipping Ministry to promote
transparency in port-related information?
[A] AtmaNirbhar Port
[B] MyPort
[C] Bharat Port
[D] Port in Hand

Answer: MyPort
Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal recently launched a port mobile
application called 'MyPortApp' in Kolkata. The Application is aimed at promoting transparency and easy
access to port-related information. The app includes all details digitally and monitors the operations of
ports virtually.
82. India has signed a ‘Forward Action Plan’ on power, clean transportation and Green Finance with
which country?
[A] Australia
[B] UK
[C] France
[D] USA
Answer: UK
India and the United Kingdom have agreed upon a ‘Forward Action Plan’ on power, clean transportation,
renewables, green finance, and research as part of the 2030 roadmap. 3rd India-UK Energy for Growth
Partnership – Ministerial Energy Dialogue was co-chaired by Union Minister for Power and New
&Renewable Energy, Shri R.K. Singh and his UK counterpart. The United Nations Climate Change
Conference (COP-26) will start from 31 October in Glasgow.
83. Bathukamma is a floral festival celebrated in which Indian state?
[A] Kerala
[B] Telangana
[C] West Bengal
[D] Punjab
Answer: Telangana
A floral festival celebrated mainly in Telangana and some parts of Andhra Pradesh, Bathukamma is
celebrated for nine days. To mark the beginning of the nine-day festival, women carry thalis containing
flowers and incense sticks. The goddess is created each year, and immersed in local water bodies, on
the 10th day of the festival.
84. Who is the head of the Economic Division of the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of
Finance?
[A] Prime Minister of India
[B] Finance Minister
[C] Finance Secretary
[D] Chief Economic Advisor
Answer: Chief Economic Advisor
The Chief Economic Advisor is the head of the Economic Division of the Department of Economic
Affairs, Ministry of Finance. Shri. KV Subramanian who was the Chief Economic Advisor of India since
December 2018 has stepped down from the post and has returned to academia. He has been
instrumental in roll out of Economic Surveys for FY19, FY20 and FY21
85. “River ranching programme” which has been launched recently in Uttar Pradesh is introduced
under which scheme?
[A] PM Krishi Sanchayee Yojana
[B] PM Matsya Sampada Yojana
[C] Per Drop More Crop
[D] PM Fasal Bima Yojana
Answer: PM Matsya Sampada Yojana

“River ranching programme” designed as a special activity under the PM Matsya Sampada Yojana under
the Union Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying aims to augment and enhance fish
production. The programme has been launched by the Union Minister Shri Parshottam Rupala at Brijghat,
Garh Mukteshwar, Uttar Pradesh.
86. India has entered into an agreement with Croatia in which field, recently?
[A] Indian traditional medicine
[B] Sports
[C] Digital Education
[D] Defence
Answer: Indian traditional medicine
The Union Ministry of Ayush, Government of India has entered into an agreement with the Government of
Croatia for research and development in Indian traditional medicine systems. The MoU agreement was
signed by the All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) on Indian behalf. Croatia has proposed to include
Indian Ayurveda and Yoga along with its tourism packages.
87. A group of 136 countries, including India have set a minimum global tax rate at what per cent,
for big companies?
[A] 5%
[B] 10%
[C] 15%
[D] 20%
Answer: 15%
A set of 136 countries including India have set a minimum global tax of 15% for big companies. This
sets a floor tax rate for these countries to attract investment and prevents countries from levying tax at
a lower rate to multinational companies. By many countries including the USA, this move is seen as a
level playing field and this rate is lower than the corporate tax rate of 23.5% in many countries.
88. Which India conglomerate has won the bid to acquire Air India?
[A] Tata Sons
[B] Reliance Industries Limited
[C] Adani Group
[D] Mahindra Group
Answer: Tata Sons
The Tata Sons has emerged as the winner in the bid to acquire Air India and will take over 100%
Government of India’s stake in the carrier. Tata sons placed a bid of Rs 18,000 crore, of which Rs 2,700
crore would be paid in cash and the remaining would be absorbed over Rs 60,000 crore debt of the
airline. The Government of India in 1953 took control of Air India from the Tata Group.
89. The Exercise Malabar is associated with which Armed force of India?
[A] Indian Army
[B] Indian Navy
[C] Indian Coast Guard
[D] National Security Guard
Answer: Indian Navy
The Exercise Malabar is a Naval / Maritime Exercise of Navies of India, Japan, Australia and USA. The
second phase of Malabar exercise would be conducted from October 12-15, 2021 in the Bay of Bengal.
INS Ranvijay, INS Satpura, P8I Maritime Patrol Aircraft and a Submarine would be representing India in
the exercise.
90. Sunil Chhetri, who was in the news recently, is associated with which sports?
[A] Cricket
[B] Football
[C] Volleyball
[D] Kabaddi
Answer: Football
Indian professional footballer and the Captain of Indian National Football team - Sunil Chhetri has
recently scored his 77th international goal, in a match against Nepal at the SAFF Championships in
Male. With this, he has equalled the goal table of Pele, former legendary Brazilian Footballer. This record
was made by him in his 123rd match for India.
91. Indian Born Dr.Abdul Qadeer Khan, who passed away recently is associated with which field?
[A] Atomic and Nuclear Science
[B] Cricket
[C] Politics
[D] Agriculture
Answer: Atomic and Nuclear Science
Indian Born Dr.Abdul Qadeer Khan, also known as the father of Pakistan's atomic weapons program died
recently in Pakistan. He was born in the year 1936 in Bhopal and moved to Pakistan during the 1947
Partition of India and Pakistan. Dr. Khan is said to have made Pakistan a nuclear power, from its
scratch.
92. Sebastian Kurz has resigned from the post of Chancellor of which country?
[A] New Zealand
[B] Australia
[C] Austria
[D] Italy
Answer: Austria
The conservative Chancellor of Austria - Sebastian Kurz has stepped down from the post, on allegations
and suspicion of corruption. This move has been made by Sebastian three days before a special sitting
of the country’s parliament, in which the members were preparing to back a motion of no-confidence,
which might have forced him out of the post.
93. What is the name of long-haul freight train of Indian Railway, which has 177 wagons?
[A] Hamda
[B] Hind
[C] Bharat
[D] Trishul
Answer: Trishul
The Indian Railway has launched two long haul freight trains named “Trishul” and “Garuda”, which are
multiple times longer than the normal trains. The Train named “Trishul” is run by the South-Central
Railway (SCR) and comprises of 177 wagons. It ran between the Kondapalli station to Khurda division of
East Coast Railway.
94. When is the ‘International Day of the Girl Child’ observed across the world?
[A] October 10
[B] October 11
[C] October 14
[D] October 15

Answer: October 11
The International Day of the Girl Child is observed annually on October 11, to highlight the gender
equality impacts. In 2011, the United Nations General Assembly declared October 11 as the International
Day of the Girl Child, to recognise the challenges faced by girls. This year, the UN urges the world to
bridge the gender digital divide existing in diverse skills and jobs. It has highlighted on the gender digital
divide in connectivity, devices, and use, skills and jobs.
95. When is the ‘World Day Against the Death Penalty’ observed every year?
[A] October 8
[B] October 10
[C] October 12
[D] October 14
Answer: October 10
October 10 marks the World Day Against the Death Penalty. This year, the theme is focused on
safeguarding the health and rights of women and girls around the world. According to Amnesty
International’s 2020 death penalty report, more than two-thirds of the world has now abolished the death
penalty in law or practice. As many as 108 countries have completely abolished the death penalty for all
crimes. As per the report, at least 483 people were known to have been executed in 2020.
96. Which Indian state has launched a campaign called ‘Mission Kavach Kundal’?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Bihar
[D] Uttarakhand
Answer: Maharashtra
Maharashtra Health Minister Rajesh Tope recently announced Mission Kavach Kundal from October 8-14
to carry out 15 lakh vaccinations daily. The State has a target to vaccinate 9.15 crore people out of
which about 6 crore people have taken the first dose of the vaccine and 2.5 crore people have taken
both doses of vaccine. Hence, about 65 per cent of the eligible population have taken the first dose
while 30 per cent, their second dose.
97. Power Ministry has set a revised policy to use which product in Coal-burning thermal power
plants?
[A] Biomass Pellets
[B] Compressed Natural Gas
[C] Jute
[D] Gypsum
Answer: Biomass Pellets
The Union Power Ministry has set a revised policy to use biomass pellets in coal-burning thermal power
plants. This guideline encourages the use of agricultural waste which is otherwise burnt by farmers,
causing air pollution. The decision mandates three categories of thermal power plants to use a five per
cent blend of biomass pellets along with coal. The policy will come into force in October 2022
98. "The Custodian of Trust", is an upcoming book written by which famous banker?
[A] Raghuram Rajan
[B] Rajnish Kumar
[C] Arundhati Bhattacharya
[D] Usha Thorat
Answer: Rajnish Kumar

The Memoirs of Rajnish Kumar, former Chairman of State Bank of India (SBI), is set to be released on
October 18. The book is set to be published by Penguin Random House India (PRHI) The book describes
his journey as a banker, from being a probationary officer in SBI to becoming its Chairman in 2017. The
book also captures various changes he witnessed in India's banking sector during his career.
99. Karuppur kalamkari paintings and wood carvings of Kallakurichi, which have received GI tags,
belongs to which state?
[A] Kerala
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Haryana
Answer: Tamil Nadu
Karuppur Kalamkari paintings and wood carvings of Kallakurichi, both belonging to the state of Tamil
Nadu have received geographical indication or GI tag, from the Government of India. GI tag is awarded to
products of specific geographical origin and it adds significance to the product. It is regulated under the
Geographical Indications registration is administered by the Geographical Indications of Goods
(Registration and Protection) Act of 1999.
100. Jezero crater, which was seen in the news recently, is a depression found in which space body?
[A] Venus
[B] Jupiter
[C] Mars
[D] Moon
Answer: Mars
Jezero crater is known to be a dry, wind-eroded depression in the surface of Mars. However, the first
scientific analysis of images taken by NASA’s Perseverance rover has now confirmed that the Jezero
crater was once a quiet lake. It says that the lake was fed steadily by a small river over 3.7 billion years
ago. The images also reveal evidence that the crater underwent flash floods. The new analysis is based
on images of the outcropping rocks inside the crater on its western side.
101. Darwin’s ground sloth, which is seen in the news recently, were originally found in which
region?
[A] Asia
[B] South America
[C] Europe
[D] Australia
Answer: South America
Darwin’s ground sloth (Mylodon darwinii), lived in South America between 1.8 million years and 12,000
years ago. Though the six living sloth species are relatively small and herbivorous tree-dwellers, some
species roamed from Alaska to South America. As per findings of a recent study, the extinct species
was between 3 and 4 m long and weighed between 1 and 2 tons. The study also contradicts that all
sloths were necessarily herbivores.
102. Where is the International Energy Agency headquartered?
[A] Geneva
[B] Paris
[C] Doha
[D] Kathmandu
Answer: Paris

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an intergovernmental organization, established in the year 1974
and is headquartered at Paris, France. It was established in the framework of the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The IEA has invited India to become its full-time
member. If India becomes a full-time member of the forum, then it would be required to maintain a
strategic oil reserves of 90 days.
103. Minister for Forest and Environment released the Vision Plan for Indian zoos, for which
duration?
[A] 2021-2031
[B] 2021-2025
[C] 2022-2032
[D] 2022-2026
Answer: 2021-2031
Union Environment Minister released important publications of the Central Zoo Authority, at the National
conference for Zoo directors and veterinarians organized by Central Zoo Authority and hosted by Sardar
Patel Zoological Park, Gujarat. First is the Vision Plan (2021-2031) for Indian zoos to upgrade them to
global standards and strengthening of Central Zoo Authority. It focusses on animal care, research, and
visitor experiences. Second is the WASH Manual for Zoos- for creating and maintaining WASH facilities
within the premises for staff and visitors. He also gave away ‘Prani Mitra’ Awards, set up by CZA.
104. Which institution launched ‘Strategy to Achieve Global Covid-19 Vaccination by mid-2022’?
[A] World Health Organisation
[B] UNICEF
[C] NITI Aayog
[D] Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Answer: World Health Organisation
WHO launched its ‘Strategy to Achieve Global Covid-19 Vaccination by mid-2022’ launched last week. As
a part of the strategy, India will soon submit its covid-19 vaccination targets to WHOwith an updated
national vaccination trajectory. It will also include plans defining dose requirements, investment
required for manufacturing the vaccines and their distribution through the government. As per WHO, all
countries must meet its targets to vaccinate 40% of their population by end-2021 and 70% by mid-2022.
105. ‘Monthly Economic Review’ is released by which institution in India?
[A] Reserve Bank of India
[B] Finance Ministry
[C] Assocham
[D] FICCI
Answer: Finance Ministry
As per the Finance Ministry’s Monthly Economic Review, India is well-placed on the path to swift
recovery with growth impulses visibly transmitted to all sectors of the economy. The FInance Minister
also said that economic activity is gaining further momentum in September. India’s merchandise exports
crossed the $30-billion mark for the sixth consecutive month in fiscal year 2021-22. The rate of growth
of bank credit stood at 6.7 per cent year-on-year in the fortnight ending September 10, 2021, compared
to 5.3 per cent in the corresponding period of the previous year, it added.
106. Who has been appointed the director-general of the Indian Space Association (IsPA)?
[A] Anil Bhatt
[B] Amit Shah
[C] Ajit Doval
[D] Rajnath Singh
Answer: Anil Bhatt
The Prime Minister recently launched the Indian Space Association (IsPA)). It is an industry association
of space and satellite companies. The Founding members include Larson & Toubro, Nelco (Tata Group),
OneWeb, Bharti Airtel, Mapmyindia, Walchandnagar Industries and Ananth Technology Limited. Other
core members include Godrej, Hughes India, among others. Lt Gen Anil Bhatt (Retd) has been appointed
the director-general of the association.
107. What is the rank of India, in the Henley Passport Index 202
[A] 90
[B] 82
[C] 70
[D] 65
Answer: 90
India’s rank has slipped by six places from last year to 90 on the Henley Passport Index, which lists the
world’s most travel-friendly passports. The index ranks the passports of countries according to the
number of destinations their holders can visit without a prior visa. The rankings are based on the
analysis of data provided by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Japan and Singapore
hold the first rank on the passport index, while the second position is shared by South Korea and
Germany.
108. Which country hosted the G20 Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit, that has been organized to
discuss the situation in Afghanistan?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] India
[D] Italy
Answer: Italy
Under the Italy’s G20 Presidency, an Extraordinary Leaders’ Summit has been convened, to discuss the
situation in Afghanistan. The meeting would be held in a virtual format. India has been invited by Italy, to
take part in the meeting for discussing the humanitarian needs in Afghan and to review the livelihood
requirement in the country.
109. Which public sector unit has recently been accorded “Maharatna” status?
[A] Power Finance Corporation
[B] Airports Authority of India.
[C] Bharat Dynamics Limited.
[D] BEML Limited.
Answer: Power Finance Corporation
The Central Government has accorded “Maharatna” status to Power Finance Corporation (PFC). PFC is
the 11th state-owned entity to get the status, joining the elite group of ONGC, Indian Oil Corporation,
SAIL among others. “Maharatna” status is granted to a company which has recorded more than ₹ 5,000
crore of net profit for three consecutive years, an average annual turnover of ₹ 25,000 crore for three
years or should have an average annual net worth of ₹ 15,000 crore for three years.
110. Union Home Ministry began tripartite talks with Gorkha representatives and which state
government?
[A] Odisha
[B] West Bengal

[C] Assam
[D] Jharkhand
Answer: West Bengal
The Union Home Ministry began tripartite talks with Gorkha representatives from the Darjeeling Hills,
Terrai and Dooars region and the Government of West Bengal. The talks were held with the objective of
resolving the demand of statehood in the North Bengal region. The talks were chaired by Home Minister
Amit Shah. The second round of talks with the officials of the Government of West Bengal is scheduled
in November 2021.
111. Which animal species is also called as ‘Dhole’?
[A] Asiatic Wild Dog
[B] Hyena
[C] Aardwolf
[D] African Elephant
Answer: Asiatic Wild Dog
The ‘Dhole’ (Cuon alpinus) is an animal native to Central, South, East, and Southeast Asia. Other names
for the species include Asiatic wild dog, Indian wild dog, whistling dog, red dog, and mountain wolf. It is
a Schedule II species under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. A recent study has identified 114 priority
tehsils where habitats can be consolidated to enhance population connectivity for the dhole or Asiatic
Wild Dog. The animals are found in three clusters across India namely the Western and Eastern Ghats,
central Indian landscape and North East India.
112. ASKAP radio telescope, which was seen in the news recently, is located in which country?
[A] South Korea
[B] Australia
[C] Japan
[D] USA
Answer: Australia
Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, known as ASKAP, is a radio telescope situated at the
Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory in Australia. It is run by Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Government agency. Recently, using this telescope,
Astronomers have discovered unusual signals coming from the direction of the Milky Way’s center. This
new signal had very high polarisation and varying brightness. It was named as ‘ASKAP
J173608.2-321635’.
113. Subject Expert Committee on Covid-19 granted emergency use approval to which vaccine for
children (2-18 years)?
[A] Covishield
[B] Covaxin
[C] Sputnik
[D] Pfizer
Answer: Covaxin
Subject Expert Committee on Covid-19 granted emergency use approval to Bharat Biotech's Covaxin for
children in the 2-18 years age group. Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech had completed Phase-2 and
Phase-3 trials of Covaxin on children below 18 years of age and submitted the trial data to the Drugs and
Comptroller General of India (DCGI). The first group examined was between 12 -18 years, the second
group was between 6- 12 years and the third age group was between 2-6 years.
114. Which country celebrates ‘Indigenous Peoples' Day’, in the month of October?

[A] China
[B] USA
[C] Greece
[D] Israel
Answer: USA
The USA celebrates ‘Indigenous Peoples' Day’ as a holiday that celebrates and honours Native American
peoples and commemorates their histories and cultures. It started in 1977 as a day of respect at a
discrimination conference. It has now become a national holiday honored by President Joe Biden. This
day falls on the same day Columbus Day, first recognized as a national holiday in 1934 by President
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
115. Who has been appointed as the advisor to Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
[A] Amit Khare
[B] Ramesh Pokhriyal
[C] Preeti Sudan
[D] Gagandeep Singh Bedi
Answer: Amit Khare
Former bureaucrat Amit Khare, who retired recently as higher education secretary, has been appointed
as advisor to Prime Minister Narendra Modi. He has been appointed for two years on contract basis, as
per a personnel ministry order issued. Mr Khare is a 1985 batch (retired) IAS officer of Jharkhand cadre.
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved the appointment in the rank and scale of
secretary to government of India.
116. What is India’s growth forecast for 2021-22, as per IMF’s recent World Economic Outlook
report?
[A] 7.5 %
[B] 9.5 %
[C] 10.0 %
[D] 12.0 %
Answer: 9.5 %
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has kept India’s growth forecast for 2021-22 unchanged at 9.5%,
in its latest World Economic Outlook report.It also projected India’s economy to grow 8.5% in FY23. In
July, IMF had slashed India’s growth forecast for FY22 to 9.5% from earlier projection of 12.5%. It has
lowered the global growth projection marginally to 5.9% from 6% earlier. Supply disruptions in advanced
economies and worsening pandemic impact in developing countries are the reasons.
117. Who has won the CK Prahalad Award for Global Business Sustainability Leadership recently?
[A] Sundar Pichai
[B] Satya Nadella
[C] Elon Musk
[D] Jeff Bezos
Answer: Satya Nadella
Indian American Satya Nadella, the Microsoft CEO, is among the corporate leaders to receive this year's
prestigious C K Prahlad award for Global Business Sustainability Leadership. Created in 2010, the
prestigious award recognises exceptional private-sector action that promotes sustainability, innovation
and long-term business success. Four of Microsoft's top leaders including Nadella received the honour
for their collaborative leadership. Microsoft aims to transform into a carbon negative company by 2030
and to remove all its historical emissions by 2050.

118. What is the Consumer price inflation in India in September, as per the data released by NSO?
[A] 4.35 %
[B] 4.8 %
[C] 5.4 %
[D] 6.2 %
Answer: 4.35 %
As per the data released by the National Statistical Office (NSO), India’s consumer price inflation fell
sharply to 4.35% in September from 5.3% in August. This five-month low inflation is due to a favourable
comparison with last year and moderating food prices, which offset a rise in the cost of crude oil and
fuel. This also marks the third consecutive month within the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) tolerance
band of 2%-6%.
119. Which bank/institution conducted a study titled “Prospects for Enhancing India Japan Trade
Relations”?
[A] State Bank of India
[B] Reserve Bank of India
[C] Exim Bank
[D] NABARD
Answer: Exim Bank
India Exim Bank conducted a study titled “Prospects for Enhancing India Japan Trade Relations”. It has
highlighted that over the past decade, India’s total trade with Japan has increased from $10 billion to
almost $18 billion, with exports valued at US$ 5 billion and imports $ 13 billion in 2019. It also noted that
despite having a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with Japan, India is
undergoing a persistent trade deficit with Japan, which has doubled during the decade, to almost US$ 8
billion in 2019.
120. ‘Christopher Columbus monument’, which is confirmed to be replaced by an indigenous
woman’s statue, is located in which city?
[A] Mexico
[B] Rome
[C] Washington D.C
[D] New York
Answer: Mexico
Mexico City's governor has confirmed that the capital's Christopher Columbus monument would be
replaced by a statue of an indigenous woman. The statue was removed last year after indigenous rights
activists threatened to tear the statue down. It is set to be replaced by a replica of a pre-Columbian
statue known as the Young Woman of Amajac.
Note:
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