Gktoday 16 31 October 2021

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Current Affairs [PDF] - October 16-31, 2021
Last Updated: November 5, 2021

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Current Affairs [PDF] - October 16-31, 2021
Contents
......................... ....... _ _ ......... ......... .....................................................
News Headlines ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 16, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 17, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
October 18, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
October 19, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
October 21, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
October 22, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
October 23, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
October 25, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
October 25, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
October 26, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
October 27, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
October 28, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
October 29, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
October 30, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
October 31, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
October 16, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerna Sthal ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
7 New Defence Companies dedicated to the Nation ................................................................................................................... 12
India’s foreign exchange reserves increased by USD 2.039 billion ........................................................................................... 13
8th ministerial meeting of India-US Economic & Financial Partnership Dialogue ................................................................. 13
October 15: Global Handwashing Day ............................................................................................................................................ 14
October 15: International Day of Rural Women ............................................................................................................................ 14
October 14: World Sight Day ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
China launches Astronaut crew on 6-month mission .................................................................................................................. 15
What are Green Crackers? ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
IMF Annual Report on India .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
October 18, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
World Food Day celebrated on October 16 ................................................................................................................................... 17
Gujarat to give Rs 5,000 Tribals Pilgrimage in Ayodhya ........................................................................................................... 18
Indian Army wins gold medal at Cambrian Patrol Exercise ....................................................................................................... 18
Italy unveils G20 Innovation League ................................................................................................................................................ 19
Indian Project wins Eco Oscars ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
Nasa launches Lucy Spacecraft ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
PMFBY: Working Group set up ....................................................................................................................................................... 20
Report: China tested Nuclear Capable Hypersonic Missile .......................................................................................................... 21
Punjab: Mera Ghar Mere Naam scheme launched ....................................................................................................................... 22
October 17: International Day for the Eradication of Poverty ................................................................................................... 22
October 19, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Delhi's Rojgar Bazaar 2.0 ................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Amit Rastogi: CMD of National Research Development Corporation .................................................................................... 23
Kerala to market Kudumbashree products on online platform ................................................................................................. 24
India-Israel to resume negotiations on FTA .................................................................................................................................. 24
Govt and NABARD's NTPL sign Trust deed to promote FPOs ............................................................................................... 25
NITI Aayog launches Geospatial Energy Map of India ............................................................................................................... 25
India, US, UAE, and Israel form a new QUAD ............................................................................................................................. 26
UIDAI to host ‘Aadhaar Hackathon 2021’ ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Gen-Next Democratic Network' initiative- Key Facts ................................................................................................................. 27
Alibaba launches new server chip based on advanced 5-nanometer tech .............................................................................. 28
PM to attend Abhidhamma Day programme at U.P ................................................................................................................... 28
BC commission begins Enumeration Exercise ............................................................................................................................... 29
October 20, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Current Affairs- Today’s Headlines: October 20, 2021 .............................................................................................................. 29
Report: Africa’s glaciers to disappear soon .................................................................................................................................... 30
India-Taliban to meet at Moscow-format meeting ....................................................................................................................... 31
© 2021 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in 2

Report: India at top in Emissions related to Crop Burning ......................................................................................................... 31

Russia to help India tackle coal shortage ........................................................................................................................................ 32
Gita Gopinath to leave IMF ............................................................................................................................................................... 32
Ecuador: Emergency declared over crime wave ............................................................................................................................ 33
M.P: Mukhyamantri Ration Aapke Dwar Yojana .......................................................................................................................... 33
Air Quality Early Warning System (AQEWS) enhanced ............................................................................................................. 34
Kung Fu Nuns won UNESCO Martial Arts Education Prize 2021 ........................................................................................... 34
NPCI launches NTS platform for Card Tokenisation ................................................................................................................. 35
Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation to be dissolved ......................................................................................... 35
Joint Conference of CVC-CBI ........................................................................................................................................................... 36
Kashmir: 250mm Seer Water Supply Scheme inaugurated ....................................................................................................... 36
October 21, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Microsoft AI Innovate Program ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
October 21: Police Commemoration Day ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Sri Lanka receives first consignment of Nano Nitrogen Liquid Fertilizer from India .......................................................... 38
UNEP report: Fossil fuel plans evade Paris limits .......................................................................................................................... 39
Japan: Mount Aso volcano erupts at Kyushu Island ..................................................................................................................... 39
India's stand in UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference ................................................................................................. 40
TRUTH Social: Donald Trump's New Social Media Platform ................................................................................................. 40
Konkan Shakti Exercise - Key Facts ................................................................................................................................................. 41
RBI fines Paytm Payments Bank and Western Union ................................................................................................................... 41
India set to touch 100 crore Covid vaccination mark ................................................................................................................. 42
Parambikulam Tiger Conservation Foundation wins Earth Guardian Award ....................................................................... 42
October 22, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
Global Food Security Index 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................... 43
UN sets up Special Trust fund for Afghanistan ............................................................................................................................ 43
Barbados elects first ever President ................................................................................................................................................. 44
Intel Unnati Data-Centric Labs ......................................................................................................................................................... 44
HDFC Bank, Mastercard, USAID commit $100-mn credit facility .......................................................................................... 45
FATF adds Turkey to Grey List; Pak retained .............................................................................................................................. 46
UPSC launches helpline for job aspirants ....................................................................................................................................... 46
MoRD: 152 SAKSHAM Centres launched under DAY-NRLM ................................................................................................ 47
NITI Aayog AIM's digi-book- Innovations for You .................................................................................................................... 47
Nuri: South Korea's First Homegrown Space Rocket ................................................................................................................. 48
US List of ‘Countries of concern’ on climate ................................................................................................................................ 49
US successfully tests Hypersonic Missile Technology ................................................................................................................. 49
October 23, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award ..................................................................................................................................... 50
Global Threat Assessment report 2021 .......................................................................................................................................... 50
Fourth general assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA) .................................................................................................. 51
ABHYAS: DRDO tests High-Speed Expendable Aerial Target .................................................................................................. 51
China's New Education law ............................................................................................................................................................... 52
RBI proposes minimum 11.5% capital for four AIFIs ................................................................................................................... 52
India-UK talks on Infra, Defence ...................................................................................................................................................... 53
Indian Navy to conduct Offshore Sailing Regatta ......................................................................................................................... 53
India hands over Jaynagar-Kurtha rail link to Nepal .................................................................................................................... 54
October 23: Karnataka celebrates Kittur Rani Chennamma Jayanthi ...................................................................................... 54
Saudi Green Initiative Forum ............................................................................................................................................................. 55
COP26: Bangladesh to share ‘Climate prosperity plan’ ............................................................................................................... 55
Power ministry: New Rules notified to ensure Sustainability ..................................................................................................... 56
October 25, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Goa achieves ODF and Electricity for every household .............................................................................................................. 56
India's first Banni buffalo IVF calf born .......................................................................................................................................... 57
Study: Life expectancy in India drops by 2 years due to Covid ................................................................................................. 58
Haryana announces Free Education Scheme ................................................................................................................................. 58
October 24: United Nations Day ...................................................................................................................................................... 59
‘PM Atma Nirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana’- Key Facts ................................................................................................................ 59
SEBI declares state-owned PEC as ‘not fit & proper’ .................................................................................................................. 60

Standing Committee on IT to examine media ethics .................................................................................................................. 60

IAC Vikrant begins Second Phase of Sea Trials ............................................................................................................................ 61
First Zika virus case reported in U.P ................................................................................................................................................ 61
RBI caps NBFC IPO Funding ............................................................................................................................................................ 62
Australia: In-principal support for net zero by 2050 ................................................................................................................... 62
Indian Telegraph Right of Way (Amendment) Rules, 2021 ....................................................................................................... 63
October 26, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 64
China adopts New Border Law ........................................................................................................................................................ 64
UN warns of Afghan Food Crisis .................................................................................................................................................... 64
Saudi Arabia launches National Infrastructure Fund ................................................................................................................... 65
Govt to set up panel for National Employment Policy ................................................................................................................ 65
UN on Iran's Death Penalty ............................................................................................................................................................... 66
National Steering Committee for implementation of the NIPUN Bharat Mission ................................................................ 66
PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission ................................................................................................................. 67
67th National Film Awards presented ............................................................................................................................................ 68
India-Sweden celebrate Innovation Day ......................................................................................................................................... 68
UDAN 4.1: First direct flight on Shillong-Dibrugarh route ....................................................................................................... 69
Chhattisgarh: National Tribal Dance Festival to be held ............................................................................................................ 69
October 27, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 70
PM Modi to attend G-20 Leaders’ Summit-2021 ........................................................................................................................ 70
Culture Ministry launches podcast on Freedom movement ...................................................................................................... 70
Vigilance Awareness Week 2021 ....................................................................................................................................................... 71
PM Modi to attend 16th East Asia Summit virtually .................................................................................................................... 72
India-Kyrgyzstan hold First Strategic Dialogue ............................................................................................................................ 72
'Swasth Mahila, Swasth Goa' Initiative ............................................................................................................................................ 73
WHO seeks clarifications from Bharat Biotech on Covaxin ....................................................................................................... 73
Indian-origin Leader becomes Canada's new Defence Minister ............................................................................................... 74
India-ADB sign PRF loan to support Urban Mobility in Mizoram ........................................................................................... 74
India Post Payments Bank and HDFC joined hands to offer home loans ............................................................................... 75
October 27: World Day for Audiovisual Heritage 2021 ............................................................................................................. 75
October 28, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 76
Proba-1 completes 20 years .............................................................................................................................................................. 76
Four Year Integrated Teacher Education Programme notified ................................................................................................. 77
SAMBHAV National Level Awareness Programme, 2021 ......................................................................................................... 77
US issues passport with 'X' gender marker ................................................................................................................................... 78
The Changing Wealth of Nations 2021 report ............................................................................................................................. 78
Civil Aviation Minister launches Krishi UDAN 2.0 ...................................................................................................................... 78
National Cybersecurity Strategy in final stages ............................................................................................................................. 79
QCI sets up expert team to execute proposed ONDC ................................................................................................................ 80
India applies for vaccine loans from ADB & AIIB ........................................................................................................................ 80
‘Knock every door’ campaign for Second-dose Vaccination ...................................................................................................... 81
Ballistic missile Agni-V successfully test-fired ................................................................................................................................ 81
G-20 joint Finance, Health ministers meet in Rome .................................................................................................................... 82
MeitY organised “AI Pe Charcha” (AI Dialogue) ......................................................................................................................... 82
October 29, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 83
PM Economic Advisory Council reconstituted .............................................................................................................................. 83
PM proposes India-ASEAN start-up festival .................................................................................................................................. 84
MEITY: Deep Dive Online Training Programme ......................................................................................................................... 84
State of the climate in Asia 2020 Report ....................................................................................................................................... 85
WMO releases GHG bulletin ............................................................................................................................................................. 85
Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Sarthak’ inaugurated ........................................................................................................................... 86
I&B Minister of Bangladesh inaugurates Bangabandhu Sambad Kendra ............................................................................... 86
India’s CEC visits Uzbekistan as International Observer for Presidential Elections ............................................................... 87
Pune Dialogue on National Security (PDNS) 2021 ..................................................................................................................... 88
6th edition of National Formulary of India (NFI) ........................................................................................................................ 88
PAC Study: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana emerged toppers in Governance Performance ............................................ 89
CII Asia Health 2021 summit ............................................................................................................................................................ 89
October 30, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 90

BRICS Joint Statistical Publication- Highlights .............................................................................................................................. 90

Gati Shakti Express inaugurated ........................................................................................................................................................ 91
Chennai-Mysore-Chennai Shatabdi Express: First IMS certified train ...................................................................................... 91
RBI: All micro loans must be collateral-free .................................................................................................................................. 92
Facebook rebrands as 'Meta' ............................................................................................................................................................. 92
Indian Navy’s stealth frigate Tushil launched in Russia ............................................................................................................... 93
Andhra Pradesh: Cabinet gives nod for caste-based census ...................................................................................................... 93
DRDO and Indian air force flight test long range bomb ........................................................................................................... 94
MGNREGS Out of Funds in 21 states ............................................................................................................................................. 95
NCRB Report on Suicides .................................................................................................................................................................. 95
Centre of Excellence for Fintech to be set up ............................................................................................................................... 96
120 Multiple Choice Questions ................................................................................................................................................................. 97
Note: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 126

News Headlines
October 16, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for October 16, 2021
INDIA
– Home Minister Amit Shah visits National Memorial Cellular Jail in Port Blair in Andaman &
Nicobar Islands
– PM performs Bhoomi Poojan ceremony of Hostel Phase-1 built by Saurashtra Patel Seva Samaj in
Surat, Gujarat
– ‘Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerana Sthal’ inaugurated at Naval Science & Technological Laboratory of
DRDO at Visakhapatnam
– Yogendra Mohan Gupta, Chairman of the Jagran Group, dies at 83
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– 7 new defence companies, carved out of Ordnance Factory Board, dedicated to the nation
– India’s foreign exchange reserves rose by USD 2.039 billion to USD 639.516 billion in the week
ended Oct 8
– Centre removes export curbs on all diagnostic kits, reagents used in detection of coronavirus
infections
– Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman attends Plenary Meeting of the International Monetary and
Financial Committee (IMFC) of the IMF in Washington
– 8th ministerial meeting of India-U.S.A. Economic & Financial Partnership Dialogue held in
Washington D.C.
WORLD
– Global Handwashing Day observed on Oct 15; theme: “Our Future is at Hand – Let’s Move Forward
Together”
– International Day of Rural Women observed on Oct 15; theme: “Rural women cultivating good food
for all”
– World Sight Day observed on Oct 14; theme: ‘Love your eyes’
October 17, 2021
INDIA
– Anthem on India’s Covid 19 vaccination launched; sung by singer Kailash Kher
– Union Minister of Home Affairs and Minister of Cooperation Amit Shah inaugurates, lays
foundation stones of various development projects from Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island in
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
– Indian Army team wins gold medal at Cambrian Patrol Exercise at Brecon, Wales, UK
– 8th Edition of joint military exercise MITRA SHAKTI between the Indian Army and the Sri Lankan
Army culminates in Ampara, Sri Lanka
– Gujarat govt. to give Rs 5,000 aid to tribals for taking Ram Janmabhoomi pilgrimage in Ayodhya
– Karnataka: CM Basavaraj Bommai launches ‘District Administration’s March Towards Villages’
programme to address people’s woes and complaints in rural areas
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– World Bank president David Malpass congratulates India for Covid-19 vaccination campaign
– IMF commends Indian authorities’ “swift and substantial” response to Covid-19
WORLD
– World Food Day celebrated on Oct 16; theme: “Our actions are our future- Better production,
better nutrition, a better environment and a better life”
– Italy unveils G20 Innovation League to promote startups for sustainable future
– ASEAN excludes Myanmar junta leader from summit
– UN Security Council votes unanimously to extend UN political mission in Haiti

– Norway: Leader of Labor Party Jonas Gahr Store becomes new PM

– NASA launches Lucy spacecraft, the first space mission to study Trojans Asteroids
– China’s Shenzhou-13 spacecraft with 3 astronauts docks for 6-month mission
SPORTS
– Chennai Super Kings win 4th Indian Premier League title after beating Kolkata Knight Riders by
27 runs in final in Dubai
Chennai Super Kings on October 15, 2021 clinched their fourth Indian Premier League title after
beating Kolkata Knight Riders by 27 runs in the summit clash in Dubai. The in-form Faf du Plessis hit
a magnificent 86 off 59 balls, laced with seven fours and three sixes, to help CSK post 192 for 3 after
they were invited to bat. Chasing an imposing target of 193, KKR could manage 165 for 9 in their 20
overs with Shubman Gill and Venkatesh Iyer hitting 51 and 50 respectively.
October 18, 2021
INDIA
– Punjab CM Charanjit Channi launches ‘Mera Ghar Mere Naam’ scheme to confer proprietary rights
on the people living in the houses within the ‘Lal Lakir’ of villages and the cities
– Centre renames Andaman’s ‘Mount Harriet’ as ‘Mount Manipur’
– Kerala: 27 die from floods, landslides; Kottayam and Idukki districts worst hit
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Over 4 crore unorganized workers registered on e-Shram Portal: Union Minister for Labour and
Employment Bhupender Yadav
WORLD
– Russian crew returns to Earth after filming first movie in space titled “The Challenge”
– International Day for the Eradication of Poverty observed on Oct 17
– World Trauma Day observed on October 17
– No fear of inflation ‘runaway train’: IMF MD Kristalina Georgieva
SPORTS
– China win Uber Cup (women’s team) badminton tournament in Aarhus, Denmark; Indonesia win
Thomas Cup (men’s team)
– Kenya’s Elisha Rotich (men’s) and Tigist Memuye (women’s) of Ethiopia win Paris Marathon
– India beats Nepal 3-0 in final to win SAFF football Championship in Male
October 19, 2021
INDIA
– Second edition of Naval Commanders’ Conference of 2021 commences in New Delhi
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launches an ‘Integrated Unmanned Road Map for Indian Navy’
– Health Ministry’s eSanjeevani records 14 million consultations
– NITI Aayog launches Geospatial Energy Map of India
– Israel: External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar unveils “Bhoodan Grove” plaque at the Jerusalem
Forest
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia flags off 6 routes expanding the aerial connectivity of
North-East India
– UIDAI to host “Aadhaar Hackathon 2021” from Oct 28 to 31
– Delhi, Tamil Nadu lead India’s transition to electric cooking with 17% adoption: CEEW (Council on
Energy, Environment and Water) study
– Tata Motors launches SUV ‘Punch’ with price starting at Rs 5.49 lakh
– RBI imposes Rs 1 cr penalty on State Bank of India for deficiencies in regulatory compliance
– RBI penalises Standard Chartered Rs 1.95 cr for gaps in customer protection

WORLD
– Indian agri waste recycling project ‘Takachar’, started by Vidyut Mohan, wins Prince William’s
Earthshot Prize
– Russia suspends its mission to NATO, says foreign minister Sergey Lavrov
– Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) nations begin drills near Afghan border
– French ambassador ordered out of Belarus
– First African-American U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell dies at 84
SPORTS
– India’s R. Praggnanandhaa (15) wins Julius Baer Challengers Chess Tour
– Sri Lanka’s first-ever Test cricket captain Bandula Warnapura dies at 68 in Colombo
October 21, 2021
INDIA
– PM inaugurates Kushinagar International Airport in UP
– PM lays foundation stone of Rajkiya Medical College, Kushinagar (UP)
– Conference on ‘Tourism in Buddhist Circuits – A way forward’ being held in Kushinagar (UP) on
Oct 20-21
– Namal Rajapaksa presents trilingual copy of Bhagvad Gita to PM Modi in Kushinagar (UP)
– PM virtually addresses a joint conference of CVC and CBI at Kevadia in Gujarat
– UPSC launches helpline for govt. job aspirants from economically weaker section, backward
classes
– India more vulnerable to heat extremes: Lancet report
– Centre extends PMGKP (Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package) insurance scheme for healthcare
workers for 180 days
– Police Commemoration Day being observed on Oct 21
– Punjab: Huge cache of weapons recovered near India-Pakistan border in Tarn Taran
– WHO chief Adhanom Ghebreyesus discusses Covid vaccination and other issues with Indian Health
Minister Mansukh Mandaviya
– Israel: EAM S. Jaishankar calls on President Isaac Herzog, PM Naftali Bennett in Jerusalem
– India expresses strong opposition to China’s Belt and Road Initiative, CPEC (China Pakistan
Economic Corridor) projects at the UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference in Beijing
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Sri Lanka receives first consignment of non-harmful Nano Nitrogen liquid fertiliser from India to
boost paddy, maize cultivation
– India is exporting only non-GMO rice to the world: Government
– Bijnor farmer wins U.P. sugarcane competition with a yield of 2,635 quintal per hectare
– India talks tough at CERAWeek, pushes for lowering of crude oil price
WORLD
– Fossil fuel plans evade Paris limits, says UNEP report
– Jailed Russian Opposition leader wins top EU human rights prize
– Jailed Russian Opposition leader Alexei Navalny wins EU’s Sakharov Prize
– IMF Chief Economist Gita Gopinath to leave job and return to Harvard University
– Facebook fined $70 million in Britain for breaching order in Giphy deal
– Russia hosts conference on Afghanistan in Moscow with participation from Taliban, Pakistan,
China, Iran, India and former Soviet Central Asian states
– Japan: Mount Aso volcano erupts at country’s main island of Kyushu
October 22, 2021
INDIA
– Supreme Court says farmers have right to protest, but can’t block roads
– Archaeological Survey of India illuminates 100 monuments in tri-color to celebrate the landmark
achievement of 100 crore Covid-19 vaccinations
– PM inaugurates the Infosys Foundation Vishram Sadan at National Cancer Institute in Jhajjar
(Haryana) campus of AIIMS New Delhi
– Centenary celebrations of Bihar Legislative Assembly held in Patna
– India among 5 countries with most extreme heat exposure: The Lancet Countdown report
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Union Cabinet approves PM GatiShakti National Master Plan for multi-modal connectivity to
develop infrastructure to reduce logistic costs and boost the economy
– Online building permission system in all cities by March next year
– India Internet Governance Forum (IIGF) to be held on November 8-11
– HDFC Bank, Mastercard, others launch $100 mn credit facility for MSMEs
– “Innovations for You” book launched to showcase success stories of AIM startups
– Union Cabinet hikes Dearness Allowance (DA) by 3% for central employees from 28% to 31%
WORLD
– Financial Action Task Force (FATF) retains Pakistan on its grey list and adds Turkey to the list
– UN sets up special trust fund for ‘people’s economy’ in Afghanistan
– US FDA clears Moderna, J&J booster shots; backs Covid-19 vaccine mixing
– Barbados elects Dame Sandra Mason as its first ever president ahead of becoming republic
– South Korea launches its first homegrown space rocket called Nuri
– Spain: Cumbre Vieja volcano erupts on island of La Palma
October 23, 2021
INDIA
– 39 women Army officers get Permanent Commission after winning legal battle
– Odisha: DRDO successfully tests high-speed expendable aerial target Abhyas
– Martin Scorsese, Istvan Szabo to receive Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement award at International
Film Festival of India (IFFI) in Goa in November
– UK Navy Chief Admiral Sir Tony Radakin arrives on India visit
– UK Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs Elizabeth Truss arrives
on India visit
– Minister of State Devusinh Chauhan chairs 7th Meeting of BRICS Communications Ministers
– EAM S. Jaishankar meets WTO DG Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala in New Delhi
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Foreign exchange reserves rose by USD 1.492 billion to reach USD 641.008 billion in the week
ended Oct 15
– RBI proposes stricter capital norms for Exim Bank, NABARD, NHB and SIDBI
– October Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting: RBI remains -focused to bring back inflation
to 4%, says Governor
– Defence ministry signs pact with US to procure MK 54 torpedo, expendables worth Rs 423 crore
– Fourth general assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA) held virtually between from Oct 18 to
21
– IBDF (Indian Broadcasting & Digital Foundation) re-elects K Madhavan as president
– Google Play cuts subscription fee from 30% to 15% starting Jan 1, 2022
WORLD
– Pakistan, India among 11 countries of concern on climate change: US Office of Director of National
Intelligence (ODNI)
October 25, 2021

INDIA
– Tamil movie “Koozhangal” (“Pebbles”) announced as India’s official entry for 94th Academy
Awards
– Life expectancy in India dropped by two years due to COVID-19, says Mumbai-based International
Institute for Population Studies (IIPS)
– SC flags vacancies in consumer disputes fora
– Union Home Minister Amit Shah visits J&K UT, says statehood will be restored after delimitation
and polls
– CJI Ramana raises concern over judiciary infrastructure at the inauguration of two wings of the
annexe building at the Aurangabad bench of the Bombay High Court
– Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav meets with UK’s Foreign Minister Liz Truss in New
Delhi
– Contours of theatre command being drawn up: Rajnath Singh
– Ties with Dhaka deeper than any other strategic partnership: Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan
Shringla
– I&B Minister Anurag Thakur compliments Goa for achieving ODF & connecting every household
with electricity
– PM interacts with beneficiaries and stakeholders of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Swayampurna Goa’
programme through video conferencing
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– RBI caps NBFC IPO funding at Rs one crore per borrower from FY23
– PM interacts with domestic manufacturers of Covid-19 vaccine in New Delhi
– ICRA MD & CEO N Sivaraman resigns
WORLD
– India hands over 34.9 km long Jaynagar-Kurtha cross-border rail link to Nepal govt
– Minister of State for External Affairs V. Muraleedharan meets Vice President of South Sudan
– 43 countries call on China at UN to respect Uighur rights
– US, EU, Australia, Canada agree to end export credit support for coal power
– Group of Seven nations agree on principles to govern cross-border data use and digital trade
October 25, 2021
INDIA
– Home Minister Amit Shah flags off inaugural Srinagar-Sharjah flight operated by Go First
– Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurates the new campus of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
Jammu
– National Inter-Religious Conference organized by Lokmat Media Group in Nagpur
– India’s first indigenous aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant begins second phase of sea trials
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Union Textiles Minister Piyush Goyal reviews Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme
(ATUFS) to boost Indian textile industry
– Azadi Amrut Chai launched by PSU Andrew Yule and Company Ltd
– Ashok Leyland hands over 500 vehicles to ‘Project Mumkin’ for J&K youth
– A matchbox to cost Rs 2 from December 1, consumers to get more matchsticks up from 36 to 50
per box
WORLD
– Global Media and Information Literacy Week being observed by UN from Oct 24 to 31
– United Nations Day celebrated on Oct 24; marks the anniversary of the entry into force in 1945 of
the UN Charter
– World Development Information Day celebrated on Oct 24
– World Polio Day observed on Oct 24; theme: “Delivering on a Promise”

– Turkey announces to declare ten ambassadors from western countries, ‘persona non grata’ for
their call to release philanthropist Osman Kavala
– Colombia’s most-wanted drug trafficker Otoniel captured near the border with Panama
October 26, 2021
INDIA
– PM launches Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission in his Varanasi (UP) to address gaps
and strengthen the critical healthcare network
– National Steering Committee (NSC) for implementation of the NIPUN Bharat Mission constituted
– Nine medical colleges in Uttar Pradesh inaugurated by PM Modi at Siddharthnagar, Etah, Hardoi,
Pratapgarh, Fatehpur, Deoria, Ghazipur, Mirzapur and Jaunpur districts
– Chhattisgarh: National Tribal Dance Festival to be held in Raipur on Oct 28-30
– Bangladesh’s Chief of Naval Staff Admiral M. Shaheen Iqbal arrives on India visit
– Union Minister for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Dharmendra Pradhan launches phase
II of the Mahatma Gandhi National Fellowship
– PM Modi to attend 18th ASEAN-India Summit virtually on Oct 28
– PM Modi to attend 16th East Asia Summit to be held on Oct 27 virtually
– SC directs panel to specify maximum water level at Mullaperiyar dam
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Textiles Ministry approves Pilot Project on skilling of Design and Commissioning technical
personnel
– Power Minister R. K. Singh launches Green Day Ahead Market (GDAM)
– CAG, Maldives counterpart sign MoU to strengthen professional capacity
WORLD
– Sudan: PM Abdalla Hamdok deposed in military coup
– Uzbekistan: President Shavkat Mirziyoyev secures 2nd term in landslide election victory
– UN observing Disarmament Week from Oct 24 to 30
SPORTS
– FIFA CEO Youri Djorkaeff visits India
– Red Bull driver Max Verstappen wins Formula One U.S. Grand Prix in Austin, Texas
– New IPL teams: CVC Capital wins bid for Ahmedabad, RPSG Group gets Lucknow
October 27, 2021
INDIA
– 2 containers with all healthcare facilities will be established under the PM Ayushman Bharat
Health Infrastructure Mission which could be rushed to any place in case of an emergency: Union
Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya
– Union Minister for Culture and Tourism G. Kishan Reddy launches Amrit Mahotsav Podcast
– Ambassador of four Nations present credentials to the President of India: Luxembourg-Peggy
Frantzen, Slovenia-Mateja Vodeb Ghosh, Israel-Naor Gilon and Egypt-Wael Mohamed Awad Hamed
– Vigilance Awareness Week being observed by Central Vigilance Commission from Oct 26 to Nov 1
– 8th India-Sweden Innovation Day meet on the theme ‘Accelerating India Sweden Green Transition’
held
– India, UK take part in bilateral tri-service exercise ‘Konkan Shakti 2021’ in the Arabian Sea
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Government issues 202 notices to e-commerce players for violating country of origin norm
– NCAER’s business confidence index rises 90% in Q2
– India’s first ‘Skill Impact Bond’ launched by NSDC in collaboration with global partners, fund to
benefit 50,000 youth
– MoRTH proposes 40 kmph speed limit for motorcycles with child pillion passenger
– India, ADB sign project readiness financing loan to support urban mobility in Mizoram
– India Post Payments Bank teams up with HDFC for offering home loans
– Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman participates in 6th Annual Meeting of Board of Governors of
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
– First direct flight on the Shillong – Dibrugarh route flagged off
WORLD
– South Korea: Former president Roh Tae-woo dies at 88 in Seoul
– BIMSTEC to adopt connectivity master plan worth USD 124 billion: Secretary General Tenzin
Lekphell
– Myanmar skips ASEAN summit to protest general’s exclusion
October 28, 2021
INDIA
– SC constitutes an expert committee overseen by former SC judge Justice R.V. Raveendran to probe
Pegasus allegations
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh delivers keynote address at Indo-Pacific Regional Dialogue 2021
– PM Modi participates in 16th East Asia Summit hosted by Brunei through video conference
– Immunologist Rajesh Gokhale (54) appointed as Secretary, Department of Biotechnology
– Post of CEO for Development of Museums and Cultural Spaces abolished
– Gandhian Salem Nanjudaiah Subba Rao passes away at 92 in Jaipur
– Union Minister of Home Affairs and Minister of Cooperation, Amit Shah inaugurates three-day
National Conference on “Delivering Democracy: Two Decades of Prime Minister Narendra Modi as
Head of Government”
– Indian Army celebrates Infantry Day on Oct 27
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Centre appoints veteran banker Kundapur Vaman Kamath as the Chairperson of the National Bank
for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID), a newly set up DFI
– RBI approves appointment of Baldev Prakash as J&K Bank MD & CEO
– Plan of retail selling of small LPG cylinders through Fair Price Shops is on anvil: Govt
– Union Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia launches Krishi UDAN 2.0 scheme for to
facilitating and incentivizing movement of Agri-produce by air transportation
– Union Minister for MSME Narayan Rane launches “SAMBHAV” National Level Awareness
Programme, 2021
– ADB, India sign $100 million loan for agribusiness development in Maharashtra
– Govt waives charges on cargo flights to boost agro exports from North East
– DGCA to conduct on-demand license exams for pilots, aircraft engineers
WORLD
– Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa appoints 13-member task force for the establishment of
the ‘One Country, One Law’ concept
– African Union suspends Sudan after military coup
– Japan: Campaigning Hiroshima survivor, Sunao Tsubo dies aged 96
– Indian-origin politician Anita Anand appointed new Defence Minister of Canada
– Saudi Arabia comes to cash-strapped Pakistan’s rescue with $3 bn package
– World Day for Audiovisual Heritage celebrated on Oct 27
October 29, 2021
INDIA
– Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP) to begin next year, offering dual-major
Bachelor’s degrees: Education Ministry
– PM Modi co-chairs 18th India-ASEAN Summit with Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei, the

current Chair of ASEAN

– Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Sarthak’ inaugurated; will be based at Porbandar in Gujarat
– Indo-UK Tri-Service Exercise ‘Konkan Shakti 2021’ held in Arabian Sea from Oct 24 to 27
– India successfully test-fires surface-to-surface ballistic missile Agni-V with 5,000 Km range
– Govt. to launch ‘Har Ghar Dastak’ campaign for door-to-door Covid vaccination in poor performing
districts
– I&B Minister of Bangladesh inaugurates Bangabandhu Sambad Kendra at Kolkata Press Club
– CEC visits Uzbekistan as an International Observer for Presidential Elections
– Firms like Pegasus-maker NSO can’t sell to non-govt actors: Israeli Ambassador to India Naor
Gilon
– Pune Dialogue on National Security (PDNS) 2021 organized by Pune International Centre
– Doyen of cancer treatment in India Krishnan Nair passes away at 81 in Thiruvananthapuram
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Health Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya launches 6th edition of National Formulary of India (NFI)
published by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission
– EAC-PM (Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister) reconstituted under Chairman Bibek
Debroy
– Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana emerge toppers in governance performance: PAC study
– Central Public Works Department (CPWD) awards ₹3,141.99 crore contract for construction of
three buildings of the new Common Central Secretariat to Larsen and Toubro Ltd
– India, ADB sign $251 million loan for integrated urban flood management in Chennai
– CII Asia Health 2021 summit organised on the theme ‘Transforming Healthcare for a better
tomorrow’
– Centre releases balance Rs 44,000 crore to states to meet GST compensation shortfall
WORLD
– EU court tells Poland to pay €1 million a day for not suspending the disciplinary chamber of the
Supreme Court
October 30, 2021
INDIA
– Govt extends nationwide containment measures till November 30 in view of localised spread of the
virus in few states
– DRDO, IAF jointly test indigenously developed Long Range Bomb (LRB) from an aerial platform
– Indian Navy’s frigate named ‘Tushil’ launched at Kaliningrad in Russia
– Indians, OCI need NOC before admission to engineering, technical colleges in Pakistan: AICTE
– Nationwide Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine drive launched by Union Health Minister Dr.
Mansukh Mandaviya
– South, North blocks to turn museums as part of the Central Vista redevelopment plans
– J&K govt. transfers 65.5 acres of land for CRPF personnel and their families stationed in the Valley
– Stricter norms for membership of Child Welfare Committees unveiled by WCD Ministry
– BRICS Joint Statistical Publication, JSP Snapshot released
– PM Modi meets Presidents of European Council (Charles Michel) and European Commission
(Ursula von der Leyen) in Rome
– UNGA committee endorses India’s resolution for granting Observer Status to International Solar
Alliance
– Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya addresses G20 Joint Finance and Health Ministers’ Meeting
– India, Israel to form a task force to strengthen military ties
– Kannada actor Puneeth Rajkumar dies in Bengaluru at 46
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Surat wins award for best public transport from the Housing & Urban Affairs Ministry

– Finance ministry releases revised guidelines ushering in public procurement reforms; permit
alternative methods for selection of contractors, which can improve speed and efficiency in
execution of projects
– India’s first manned ocean mission ‘Samudrayan’ launched; Matsya 6000, the deep-sea vehicle, will
be ready for qualification trials by December 2024
– Govt, tech industry partner to launch FutureSkills Prime platform skilling initiative
– India extends ban on international commercial flights till Nov 30
– Output of eight core sectors increases 4.4% in September
– Defence ministry revises limits of 2-family pensions payable to a child in respect of both parents
WORLD
– Facebook renamed Meta by founder Mark Zuckerberg
– Vulnerable nations doing most to tackle climate crisis: UN Development Programme (UNDP)
– WHO director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus runs unopposed for 2nd five-year term
– U.N. tool to facilitate requests for e-evidence in counter-terror probes
– US announces $144 mn in humanitarian aid for people of Afghanistan
SPORTS
– Tennis player Leander Paes joins Trinamool Congress (TMC) in Goa
– Karnataka wins 74th senior National Aquatic Championships held in Bengaluru
– Former Australian spinner Ashley Mallett dies aged 76; took 132 wickets in 38 tests in
1968¬–1980
October 31, 2021
INDIA
– Tamil Nadu Day to be celebrated on July 18, not Nov 1, says CM M. K. Stalin
– UP: 1 BJP MLA, 6 BSP MLAs join SP
– Himachal Pradesh: India’s oldest voter Shyam Saran Negi (104) casts ballot in Lok Sabha bypoll in
Mandi seat
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Foreign exchange reserves down by USD 908 million to USD 640.1 billion in week ended Oct 22
– RBI eases current account rules for exposures less than five crore rupees
– Centre committed to releasing funds for MGNREGA wage and material payments
WORLD
– 16th G-20 Summit being held in Rome, Italy on Oct 30-31
– UNSC adopts resolution on protection of education in armed conflict
– PM Modi meets his Italian counterpart Mario Draghi on the sidelines of the G20 Summit in Rome
– PM Modi meets Pope Francis at Vatican City
– 17th edition of India-US joint exercise, Ex Yudh Abhyas 2021, concludes in Alaska
– Saudi Arabia orders Lebanese ambassador to leave kingdom after Lebanese Information Minister
described the war in Yemen as aggression by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
– China tightens control over company data with transfer rules
SPORTS
– G. Sathiyan & Harmeet Desai win men’s doubles title at World Table Tennis Contender Tunis
– Australian all-rounder Alan Davidson dies aged 92; took 186 wickets and scored 1328 runs in 44
Tests
October 16, 2021
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerna Sthal
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerna Sthal was inaugurated on October 15, 2021 at Naval Science & Technological
Laboratory (NSTL), Visakhapatnam.

Highlights
Prerna Sthal was inaugurated to commemorate 90th birth anniversary of Bharat Ratna Dr APJ Abdul
Kalam as well as to commemorate ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’.
On the occasion, a statue of Dr Kalam was also unveiled by director general (Naval Systems &
Materials) of DRDO, Dr Samir V Kamat.
NSTL products like Varunastra, Torpedo Advanced Light (TAL) and Maareech decoy are also being
displayed on the occasion at NSTL.
About NSTL
NSTL is the premier naval research laboratory working under the Defence Research & Development
Organisation (DRDO). It is located in Visakhapatnam. The main function of NSTL is the research &
development of underwater weapons & associated systems. It is organized under the Directorate of Naval
R&D of DRDO. Current director of NSTL is Dr Y. Sreenivas Rao.
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen (APJ) Abdul Kalam
He was an Indian aerospace scientist and also served as 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. He was
born and brought up in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. He studied physics and aerospace engineering. He
dedicated his four years as a scientist and science administrator, at the DRDO and Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO). He was involved in the military missile development efforts and civilian space
programme in India. This, he is known as Missile Man of India. He also played significant organisational,
technical, and political role the Pokhran-II nuclear tests by India in 1998.
7 New Defence Companies dedicated to the Nation
On October 15, 2021, seven new defence companies were dedicated to the nation by the Defence Ministry.
Highlights
The seven companies that were carved out of the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), are:
1. Munitions India Limited (MIL),
2. Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (AVNL),
3. Troop Comforts Limited (TCL),
4. Gliders India Limited (GIL),
5. Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited (AVANI),
6. Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited (AWE India),
7. India Optel Limited (IOL) and Yantra India Limited (YIL).
Business Operations
All these companies started business operations from October 1, 2021. Government decided to convert the
200-year-old OFB government department to seven 100 per cent government-owned corporate entities in
order to enhance efficiency, functional autonomy, and unlock new growth potential & innovation.
Aim of the move
This move is aims to improve India’s self-reliance in defence preparedness. Government done this
restructuring with under stated objectives:
1. To transform Ordnance Factories into productive & profitable assets
2. To improve expertise in product range
3. To increase competitiveness
4. To improve quality
5. To enhance cost-efficiency and
6. To ensure self-reliance in defence preparedness.
What about OFB employees?
OFB employees from Group A, B, and C, belonging to the production units will be transferred to corporate

entities. They will be transferred on deemed deputation for two years. There will be no change in their
service conditions as the government employees.
Ordnance Factory Board (OFB)
OFB is an organisation working under the Department of Defence Production (DDP) of Ministry of Defence
(MoD). There were 41 Indian Ordnance Factories which now have been converted into 7 Defence Public
Sector Undertakings (DPSUs).
India’s foreign exchange reserves increased by USD 2.039 billion
As per RBI data, India’s foreign exchange reserves increased by USD 2.039 billion in the first week of
October 2021.
Highlights
Foreign exchange now stands at USD 639.516 billion.
In the last week of September, reserves had dropped by USD 1.169 billion, accounting for a reserve of
USD 637.477 billion.
It had increased by USD 8.895 billion to a life time high, accounting for USD 642.453 billion during
July end and September first week.
India’s reserve position with the IMF decreased by USD 3 million, accounting for USD 5.225 billion in
the reporting week.
Foreign Currency Assets (FCAs)
During the reporting week. Foreign reserves rose account of an increase in the Foreign Currency Assets
(FCAs). FCA increased by USD 1.55 billion, accounting for USD 577.001 billion the week RBI reported.
What is FCA?
FCA is expressed in dollar terms. It comprises of the effect of appreciation or depreciation of non-US units
such as euro, pound and yen held in the foreign exchange reserves.
Gold reserves
In the reporting week, gold reserves increased by USD 464 million to USD reach at 38.022 billion.
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
SDR with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) increased by USD 28 million, accounting for USD 19.268
billion.
What are foreign exchange reserves?
Assets held on reserve by central bank in foreign currencies are called as foreign exchange reserves. These
reserves are used to influence monetary policy and back liabilities. It includes any foreign money held by a
central bank, for instance, U.S. Federal Reserve Bank.
8th ministerial meeting of India-US Economic & Financial Partnership Dialogue
Eighth ministerial meeting of “India-United States of America (US) Economic and Financial Partnership
Dialogue” was held on October 15, 2021 at Washington D.C.
Highlights
Union Minister of Finance & Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman and Secretary of Treasury of the
United States, Dr. Janet Yellen, chaired the meeting.
During the meeting, both sides held discussions on a range of subjects, such as macroeconomic
outlook, financial regulatory & technical collaboration, recovery from COVID-19 pandemic, climate
finance & anti-money laundering, multilateral engagement, and combating the financing of terrorism
(AML/CFT).
They affirmed their commitments for continue collaboration at bilateral as well as multilateral fora in
order to address mutual and global economic issues and strive towards friendly strategies and
solutions.

Conclusion of the meeting

This meeting was concluded with adoption of Joint Statement by both the ministers.
Economic Relations between India and USA
The bilateral trade between India and the USA was at USD 88.75 billion, in 2019-20. USA is among those few
countries with which India is having a trade surplus. In the year 2019-20, India’s trade surplus with the USA
rose to USD 17.42 billion as compared to USD 16.86 billion in 2018-19. India is the sixth largest supplier of
services imports for USA. India’s large market, progress towards development and economic growth make it
an essential market for USA exporters.
Issues in the Trade Relationship
1. Market barriers including tariff and non-tariff barriers as well as multiple practices & regulations are
the biggest concerns in the bilateral relation between both the countries
2. Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) Programme is another issue as under this system, USA
decided to withdraw duty-free benefits to Indian exporters.
3. For India, another issue is USA’s temporary visa policies. It affects Indian nationals working in the
United States.
October 15: Global Handwashing Day
On October 15, Global Handwashing Day was observed across the world in order to raise awareness and
develop better understanding on the importance of hand hygiene in keeping people safe and healthy.
Theme of the day
Theme of the ‘Global handwashing Day’ in year 2021 is “Our Future is at Hand – Let’s Move Forward
Together.”
Significance of the day
The Global handwashing Day has become more significant in the backdrop of Covid-19 outbreak. Amid the
pandemic, personal hygiene has become critical to overall health of the person. Making personal hygiene a
part of daily routine has saved several lives and has prevented viral infections & flu.
Significance of washing hands
Washing hands is significance because,
1. According to Wateraid, around 443 million school days are lost across the world due to water-related
illnesses and lack of hand hygiene, every year.
2. As per National Health Mission, around one lakh children in India die yearly because of diarrhoea,
which is preventable. As per UNICEF, diarrhoea can be reduced by 40% simply by washing hands.
3. Washing hands decrease the number of people having gastrointestinal problems by 29-57%.
4. It can drop the number of people with weakened immune systems by 58%.
5. It helps in cutting down respiratory illnesses and infections by 16-21%.
How long one can wash hands?
One should wash their hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
Who established the day?
The Global Handwashing Day was established by the “Global Handwashing Partnership (GHP)” in the year
2008. GHP was formerly called as “Public Private Partnership for Handwashing (PPPHW)”.
October 15: International Day of Rural Women
The International Day for Rural Women is observed on October 15, every year.
Theme of the day
International Day for Rural Women 2021 is observed under the theme “Rural women cultivating good food
for all”.

Key Points
This day focuses on gender equality and helps in empowering women in rural areas.
It also recognises the contribution and critical role played by rural women, including the indigenous
women, in enhancing the agricultural & rural development, eradicating rural poverty and improving
food security.
United Nations Report on Women workforce
As per United Nations report, 40% of the total agricultural labour force across the developing
countries are women. In South American countries, 20% of the labour force is women while in Asia
and Africa, about 50% of agricultural labour force is women.
Report also states that, if these women are provided with equal opportunities can boost the
agricultural production by 2.5 to 4 percent.
Equal opportunities can also reduce the number of people having malnourishment to 17 percent, from
12 percent.
What are the concerns?
Even after comprising of almost half the workforce, these women do not enjoy equal rights and share as the
male counterparts enjoy. Women face discrimination in access to resources, participation in decision
making, equal pay, credit & market for their farms and land & livestock ownership.
Background of the day
The International day for Rural Women was established by United Nations General Assembly on December
18, 2007, thorough its resolution 62/136.
October 14: World Sight Day
World Sight Day is observed on the second Thursday in months of October. In the year 2021, the day was
observed on October 14.
Highlights
This day is a global event which seeks to draw attention on blindness and vision impairment.
It was originally started in the year 2000 by the Sight First Campaign of Lions Club International
Foundation.
It is considered as most important advocacy and communication day in the eye health calendar.
It is observed with the aim of bringing global attention to impairment and blindness.
Theme of the day
The theme of World Sight Day 2021 is ‘Love Your Eyes’.
Background of the day
The first World Sight Day was observed by the Lions Clubs International partnered with blindness
presentation organizations in the year 1998. The event was later integrated into VISION 2020, which is a
global initiative, coordinated by IAPB (International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness) Observance of
the day is a joint program between WHO and the IAPB. It comprises of professional association, non-
government organizations and eye-care institutions & corporations.
This day is significant because, there are more than billion people across the globe who cannot see
properly as they do not have access to glasses. Out of them, one billion people are suffering with
preventable vision impairment.
Poor or lost eyesight leave long-lasting effects on every aspect of life, such as on daily personal
activities, school & work, daily routine and interacting with the community.
China launches Astronaut crew on 6-month mission
China launched a three-person crew for a mission of six-month on board the Shenzhou-13 spaceship to its

space station on October 16, 2021.

Key Points
The crew is planned to set up new record for the time spent in space by Chinese astronauts as China
moves for completing the orbiting structure.
Shenzhou-13 spaceship is carrying three astronauts.
It was launched by a Long March-2F rocket.
The spacecraft is expected to complete docking with “Tianhe module” within six hours.
The mission will continue the work of first three-person crew that already spent 90 days on board.
First three-person crew conducted two spacewalks and deployed 10-metre (33-foot) mechanical arm
before they returned to Earth in mid-September, 2021.
About new three-member crew
New three-member crew comprise of two veterans of space travel namely, pilot Zhai Zhigang aged 55, the
only woman on mission- Wang Yaping aged 41 and Ye Guangfu aged 41, who is making his first trip to
space.
Activities of crew
The scheduled activities of the crew include:
1. Up to three spacewalks in order to install equipment for expanding station
2. To assessing living conditions in the module and
3. To conduct experiments in space medicine & other fields.
Military Run Space Programme
The military-run space programme of China plans to send multiple crews on the station in next two years in
order to make it fully functional. Shenzhou-13 is the fifth mission to the structure, including the missions
without crews to deliver supplies. After addition of two more modules named Mengtian and Wentian,
Chinese space station will weigh around 66 tonnes.
Future modules
China is due to launch two additional modules before the end of 2020 during the stay of the Shenzhou-14
crew.
What are Green Crackers?
Amid the Covid-19 pandemic related situation and concerns regarding increasing pollution due to
firecrackers during festive season, many states have imposed certain rules on fireworks in the year 2021.
Highlights
States have imposed either a complete or partial ban on firecracker sales.
In these states, government has permitted the sale of ‘green crackers’ instead.
What are green crackers?
‘Green crackers’ are low-emission fireworks that Supreme Court in 2017 had permitted for celebrations to a
moderate level during festivals & relaxed the ‘complete ban’ on fireworks. Green crackers were researched
and developed by CSIR-NEERI (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research – National Environmental
Engineering Research Institute). These crackers are produced with less harmful raw materials and are they
suppresses the dust when they are burnt, reducing the emissions.
Do they contain harmful chemicals?
Green Crackers do not comprise of harmful chemicals like arsenic, lithium, barium, and lead. They release
water vapour which does not allow the dust to rise. These crackers are believed to cause 30 per cent less
particulate matter pollution as compared to traditional crackers.
Scenario in different states
Rajasthan government banned the sale and use of crackers in the state. Only green crackers would be

allowed and there will be restricted timing for bursting crackers during festive season.
Delhi Pollution Control Committee has completely banned the sale and bursting of firecrackers in
Delhi till January 1, 2022.
Tamil Nadu urged the governments in Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Odisha to seriously consider the
sale of green crackers in their territories.
IMF Annual Report on India
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) published its annual report on October 15, 2021. In its report, it
states that, India’s economy is gradually recovering after it was hit hard by two Covid-19 waves.
Key Findings
IMF however cautioned the authorities against inflationary pressures.
IMF also recommended a slow reduction in monetary policy support in the light that recovery is
gaining ground.
According to IMF, impact of Covid-19 on investment and human capital might prolong the recovery. It
will also impact the medium-term growth.
Recovery could be faster than expected considering the pace of vaccination and economic reforms.
Thus, the economic outlook remains clouded due to pandemic-related uncertainties which is
contributing towards downside and upside risks.
Though India benefits from favourable demographics, disruption in access to education & training
because of covid-19 pandemic could impact the improvements in human capital.
Projected Growth
IMF projected India’s economic growth to 9.5 per cent for the financial year 2021-2022.
It also projected the headline consumer price-based inflation at 5.6 percent.
Though the inflationary pressures have been elevated, but rate of price rise eased to 5.6 per cent in
July 2021. It was within the target of Reserve Bank of India. It was driven by soft food prices and
base effects.
Headline inflation rate decreased to 5.3 per cent in August and 4.3 per cent in September.
IMF report on Fiscal Deficit
As per IMF, contraction in economic activity, lower revenue, and covid-19 related support measures led to a
widening of fiscal deficit of Centre to 8.6 per cent of gross domestic product in the financial year 2020-21.
The general deficit of Centre and states was at 12.8 per cent in 2020-2021.
October 18, 2021
World Food Day celebrated on October 16
World Food Day is observed every year on October 16. Year 2021 marked the 76th World Food Day.
Key facts
This day makes human realise how privileged are they to gorge on the delicacies from across the
world as well as raises awareness regarding deprived & not-so-privileged people.
It acknowledges the founding of Food and Agriculture organisation as well as highlights the section
in the world that starves from extreme hunger.
United Nations had found the ‘Food and Agriculture Association (FAO)’ on October 16, 1945.
Starvation is a big problem in several countries, especially in underdeveloped parts of the globe. Thus,
awareness is required to address this issue. World Food Day helps in addressing the issue.
World Food Day: History
World Food Day was set up by Member Countries of Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO). It was
established at the 20th General Conference of FAO in November 1979. Hungarian Delegation, led by former
Hungarian Minister of Agriculture & Food Dr. Pal Romany, played a significant role at the 20th Session and
recommended the idea of celebrating this day across the world. It has since been observed in more than
150 countries, every year. It raises awareness of the issues behind poverty and hunger.
Theme of the day
This day in 2021 was celebrated under the theme- “Safe food now for a healthy tomorrow”.
Purpose of the day
The main purpose to celebrate this day is to promote the message that “food is a basic and fundamental
human right. It also spread awareness on malnutrition and obesity.
Gujarat to give Rs 5,000 Tribals Pilgrimage in Ayodhya
The Government of Gujarat has decided to give a financial assistance of Rs 5000 per person belonging to
tribal community for pilgrimage Shri Ram Janmabhoomi in Ayodhya.
This announcement was made at a gathering in “Shabari Dham” which is a pilgrim site in Dangs
district of Gujarat. Shabari Dham is associated with Lord Sri Ram.
On the occasion, it was decided that state-level ‘Dussehra Mahotsav’ will be organised at different
places of pilgrimage related to Lord Ram every year in
Following a decision by Supreme Court, “Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra trust” was set up in
November 2019. This trust is entrusted with the task of constructing the Lord Ram temple in
Ayodhya.
Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust
Government of India had set up this trust on February 5, 2020, for the construction and management of Ram
Mandir in Ayodhya. The trust comprises of 15 trustees. It was set up in accordance with the verdict of the
Supreme Court in “M Siddiq(D) Thr Lrs v/s Mahant Suresh Das & Ors case”. In the verdict, SC asked the
central government to set up a trust for managing the construction of temple within three months of this
judgement.
Ram Mandir in Ayodhya
This Hindu temple is being built in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, on Ram Janmabhoomi. Its ground-breaking
ceremony was performed on August 5, 2020 by prime minister Narendra Modi.
Presiding deity of the temple
Ram Lalla Virajman is the presiding deity of the temple. Ram Lalla is the infant form of Lord Rama. Ram
Lalla was a litigant since 1989 in the court case over the disputed site.
Indian Army wins gold medal at Cambrian Patrol Exercise
A team from 5th Battalion-4 (5/4) Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force) representing the Indian Army won gold
medal at the prestigious Cambrian Patrol Exercise which was held in United Kingdom.
About Cambrian Patrol Exercise
Exercise was held from October 13th to 15th 2021 at Brecon, Wales in United Kingdom.
Exercise Cambrian Patrol was organised by the UK Army.
It considered as the ultimate test of human endurance and team spirit.
It is sometimes also referred as “Olympics of Military Patrolling”among militaries of the world.
Out of 96 participating teams, only three international patrols were awarded a gold medal this year,
till the 6th phase of this Exercise.
Indian Army Team
The Indian Army team took part in the event and competed with a total of 96 teams including 17
international teams representing Special Forces and prestigious Regiments from different parts of the
world.

How winner was selected?

During the exercise, teams were assessed with respect to their performance under harsh terrain and
inclement cold weather conditions. These conditions presented different challenges to the teams. Teams
were also exposed to complex real-world situations in order to assess their reactions in combating the
settings.
Why Indian Army team won?
The Indian Army team received rich accolades from all the judges. Team was praised for their excellent
navigation skills, overall physical endurance and delivery of patrol orders.
Who presented the medal?
Gold Medal was presented to the Indian Army team by General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith who is the Chief of
General Staff of British Army.
Italy unveils G20 Innovation League
The Italian Presidency of the G20 grouping has unveiled “G20 Innovation League”, in a bid to create a
sustainable future.
G20 Innovation League
It is a new and unique initiative that have been designed to drive forward innovative projects, which in
turn will help in creating a sustainable future.
It will bring together the most promising start-ups from G20 countries, with the investment funds and
institutions in order for them to collaborate on and develop “innovative sustainable business
projects”.
Where this event was hosted?
G20 Innovation event was held in Sorrento, Italy. It was supported by Ministry of Foreign Affairs &
International Cooperation of Italy, Ministry of Economic Development of Italy and Ministry of Technological
Innovation & Digital Transition of Italy. This event was inaugurated by Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio.
Italy is also set to host G20 Summit in Rome on October 30-31, 2021.
Why this summit is significant?
This movement is significant and has been given focus in the backdrop of Covid-19 pandemic and global
challenges the pandemic has presented. In this situation, the real challenge is to encourage new
international investments and strengthen cooperation among the public & private actors on innovation.
Role of Start-Ups
Start-ups called to present their projects. In order to propose sustainable technological solutions, they took
part in five challenges. At the first stage of competition, G-20 countries nominated their promising start-ups.
At the second stage, 100 start-ups who made it to finals, were evaluated. Start-ups competed in five
categories namely, Clean technology, Artificial Intelligence, Smart Cities & New Mobility, IoT Technology &
Wearable Devices and the Future of Healthcare.
Indian Project wins Eco Oscars
An Indian Project, Takachar’s Innovation, that recycles agricultural waste into fuel has won the “Prince
William’s inaugural Earthshot Prize”, which is also called as “Eco Oscars.
Highlights
Eco Oscars honour people who are trying to save the planet Earth.
This award is presented with the aim of providing assistance to and inspire innovative local solutions
as the climate crisis is growing globally.
Takachar’s Innovation
Takachar’s Innovation is led by Vidyut Mohan. This technology was recognised for its affordable technology
in order to convert crop residues into sellable bio-products. It reduced smoke emissions by 98 per cent.

Thus, it calls for improving air quality. Vidyut Mohan was awarded for this technology in “clean our air
category”. This award was among fiver other winners of the prize worldwide.
Significance of the technology
World generate around USD 120 billion of agricultural waste per year. When farmers fail to sell, they often
burn the waste. Burning of waste have catastrophic consequences for human health as well as
environment. Burning causes air pollution, which has reduced life expectancy in some areas by a decade.
Thus, this technology is significant in mitigating this challenge.
Background
For the next 10 years, the Earthshot will be awarding £1m each year to each of five projects that are working
for findings solutions to the environmental problems on the planet.
About Earthshot Prize
This prize is awarded to five winners each year, whose projects help the environment. It will be awarded
annually from 2021 to 2030. It is given by the Royal Foundation, which is headquartered in London, England.
The prize is distributed in five separate categories that are supported by UN Sustainable Development
Goals. This prize was launched in the year 2020 by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and David
Attenborough.
Nasa launches Lucy Spacecraft
American Space Agency, NASA, launched the first-of-its kind mission on October 16, 2021 to study the
Trojan asteroids of Jupiter.
Highlights
Trojan asteroids are two large clusters of space rocks, which are believed to be remnants of
primordial material forming the outer planets of the solar system.
The space probe is called as Lucy.
It has been packed inside a special cargo capsule, which was lifted off from Cape Canaveral Air Force
Station.
Lucy spacecraft was carried by an Atlas V rocket from United Launch Alliance (UAL), which is a joint
venture of Boeing Co and Lockheed Martin Corp.
Lucy Mission
Lucy mission is a 12-year expedition which will study a record number of asteroids. It will be first mission to
explore the Trojans, which are rocky objects orbiting the sun in two swarms that is, ahead of the path of
Jupiter and one behind it. Spacecraft will journey to eight different asteroids. It will also visit main belt
asteroid and seven Jupiter trojans. This spacecraft is the centrepiece of US$981 million mission.
Background
Lucy Mission was chosen, along with the Psyche mission, on January 4, 2017 as Discovery Program
missions 13 and 14 respectively by NASA. Lucy Mission has been named after Lucy hominin skeleton,
because study of Trojans will reveal the “fossils of planet formation”.
About Trojan asteroid
Jupiter trojans are also called as trojan asteroids. These are a large group of asteroids which share the orbit
of planet Jupiter around the Sun. Each trojan revolves around one of Jupiter’s stable Lagrange points, either
L4 or L5. They are distributed in two elongated and curved regions around these Lagrangian points.
PMFBY: Working Group set up
The Central Government has set up a working group, with the aim of rolling out an overhauled Pradhan
Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) from kharif season 2022.
Key Points
This working group has been constituted comprising of officials from Centre, top executives of public

sector insurance companies and key crop-producing states.

Working group will suggest “sustainable, financial and operational models.”
It was constituted after several states quit the scheme, which in turn defeats the objective of
protecting income of farmers.
Function of working group
This working group is expected to address the demand of alternative model, in order to achieve sustainable
capacities of insurers as well to achieve rationalised premium pricing in order to cut subsidy burden on the
government. It will submit its report in next six months.
Why this group was set up?
The working group will be set up as centre identified a hardening of premium market, inadequate
underwriting capacity of insurers and lack of sufficient participation in tenders as major issues, impacting
PMFBY during implementation of the scheme.
Premium under the scheme
Under the scheme, premium that farmers are required to fix is 1.5% of the sum insured for rabi crops while
2% for Kharif crops. It is 5% for cash crops under PMFBY. Rest of the premium is split between the Centre
and states.
State’s demand
Some of the states have demanded to cap their share of the premium subsidy at 30%, while some states are
demanding the Centre to bear entire subsidy.
Which states have exited the scheme?
Gujarat, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar have exited the scheme, till date.
Punjab did not implement the crop insurance scheme. Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal have
launched their own schemes under which farmers do not pay any premium, however they receive a fixed
compensation amount in case of crop failure.
Report: China tested Nuclear Capable Hypersonic Missile
As per report of financial times, China tested a nuclear-capable hypersonic missile in August 2021,
demonstrating an advanced space capability.
Findings of the report
As per report, launch of the missile was kept secret by China. The missile circled the world before
cruising towards its target. However, it missed its mark by about 24 miles.
Chinese military launched the rocket carrying hypersonic glide vehicle that flew through low-orbit
space.
Missile test demonstrate that, China made impressive progress on hypersonic weapons. This test
was more advanced than US.
As per report, weapon could fly over the South Pole in theory. This will pose a big challenge for US
military as its missile defence systems focuses on northern polar route.
Report also notes that, China usually announces the launch of its Long March rockets. But concealed
the August launch.
Development of hypersonic missiles
Countries like Russia, China and US are developing hypersonic missiles that travel at the speed five times
that of sound. However, they run slower than ballistic missiles. These missiles are harder to intercept and
can be manoeuvred.
Why China tested this missile?
China developed this missile in the backdrop of increasing US-China rivalry, Chinese pressure on Taiwan as
well as standoff between India & China in the eastern Ladakh.

Difference between Hypersonic and Ballistic Missiles

The trajectory of Hypersonic Missiles is not traceable, while trajectory of the Ballistic missiles is traceable.
Hypersonic Missile
The missile through the atmosphere below 90 km at a speed between Mach 5-10. This is a speed where air
starts dissociating and high heat loads exits.
Punjab: Mera Ghar Mere Naam scheme launched
Chief Minister of Punjab, Charanjit Singh Channi, launched “Mera Ghar Mere Naam” scheme on October 17,
2021.
Key Points
The scheme will give ownership rights to the people who are living in houses within the lal lakir of
cities as well as villages.
Lal lakir refers to land which is part of the village habitation. Such land is used only for non-
agriculture purposes.
Significance of the scheme
The scheme will provide much needed assistance to all the people, including those from underprivileged
and needy strata.
Background
Earlier this scheme was launched for the residents of villages only. But now it has been extended to eligible
residents of cities within the lal lakir.
Drone Survey
In order to implement the scheme, the Revenue department has been mandated to undertake drone survey
of these residential properties across the rural and urban areas for the purpose of digital mapping.
Property Card
After proper identification or verification, all the eligible residents will be given property cards or
sanads in order to provide ownership rights in time-bound manner.
Before this, beneficiaries will be given a time of 15 days for filing their objections. If no reply is
received from them, property card will be issued.
Property card will serve the purpose of registry. Using this card, beneficiary can avail loans from
banks or sell their properties. Thus, the card will enhance the monetary value of land.
October 17: International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
The International day for Eradication of Poverty is observed every year on October 17.
Key Points
The day is observed to recognize and acknowledge the efforts and struggles faced by people, who are
pushed to live in poverty.
It provides a chance to these people to speak out their concerns and make every people to realize
that these poor people are the first one to fight poverty.
World Bank Report
As per World Bank report, United Nations states that, 88 to 115 million people have been pushed
towards poverty. Majority of the people are from South Asian and Sub-Saharan regions who were
pushed towards poverty during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The number might have increased, in the range of 143 and 163 million.
These figures is addition to existing 1.3 billion people who were already living under poverty before
the pandemic.
History of the day
Poverty was proclaimed as violation of human rights on October 17, 1987. It was proclaimed by people who

got assembled at the Trocadero in Paris in order to honour the victims of extreme poverty, hunger as well as
violence. On this day, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was also signed in the year 1948. Finally
on December 22, 1992, UN General Assembly adopted its resolution 47/196 and proclaimed October 17 as
“International Day for the Eradication of Poverty”.
First Commemoration
The first commemoration of International day for Eradication of Poverty” took place in Paris, France, in the
year 1987. The day honoured the victims of poverty, hunger and violence.
October 19, 2021
Delhi's Rojgar Bazaar 2.0
The Delhi government floated tenders for developing a portal called “Rojgar Bazaar 2.0” on October 14,
2021.
Key Points
The portal will provide employment related services to the youth of Delhi.
It will provide end-to-end employment related information and artificial intelligence-based job
matching to the youth looking for jobs in the national capital.
Portal will act as a “gateway to access career guidance, skill training, and skill credentialing.
Government will also launch a mobile app for same.
Background
Delhi government had launched the ‘Rojgar Bazaar 1.0’ in August 2020. It turned out to be “a lifeline for
small businesses and unemployed youth of Delhi”. On this portal, 10 lakh jobs and 14 lakh job-seekers have
already been advertised.
Rojgar Bazaar 2.0 portal
This portal will bring all the services related to skill training, career guidance and job matching on this first-
of-its kind digital platform. Government has also planned to institutionalise physical centres in order to
increase access to this portal because a large number of unorganised workers cannot access digital
platform. It will also provide AI-based employer verification for matching jobs. It will also provide other
critical services like skilling, career guidance, skill credentialing as well as automated analytics services. All
these services will help in enhancing the ability of job seekers to gain meaningful livelihoods.
Amit Rastogi: CMD of National Research Development Corporation
Commodore Amit Rastogi (Retd), after being into service to Indian Navy for 34 years, has taken charge as
Chairman & Managing Director of National Research Development Corporation. He took charges on October
18, 2021.
Who is Amit Rastogi?
He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from JNU.
He did his M.Sc. in Defence & strategic studies from Madras University while Master’s degree in
Electronics & Telecommunication form Poona University.
He is also an alumnus of College of Defence Management, Secunderabad and Defence Services Staff
College Wellington.
He has held diverse portfolios in Indian Navy, state-of-the-art technology intensive combat systems
and carries rich experience in induction of missile systems.
He worked as Director of Electrical Engineering at Integrated Headquarters in Ministry of Defence for
five years and also served as Additional General Manager Tech Services for two years at Naval
Dockyard.
National Research Development Corporation (NRDC)
NRDC was a non-departmental government body. It was established by the British Government for
transferring technology from public sector to private sector. This body was established in the year 1948 by
Attlee’s Labour government to meet the perceived need at the time in order to exploit several products that
Defence Research Establishment had developed during World War II. It was set up by Board of Trade in
accordance with the Development of Inventions Act 1948. Lord Giffard was its first managing director. In
the year 1981, NRDC was combined with National Enterprise Board (NEB) to form British Technology Group
(BTG).
Kerala to market Kudumbashree products on online platform
Kerala Government has planned to start an online platform to market and deliver products manufactured by
‘Micro, Small and Medium production units including Kudumbashree.
Key Facts
As per State Industries Minister P Rajeeve, Kerala government has already started preliminary level
talks on this.
This plan was announced while inaugurating “State-level seed capital financial assistance scheme”
on October 18, 2021.
State-level seed capital financial assistance scheme
Under this scheme, assistance will be provided to self-help Groups.
Scheme was launched as part of “Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises
(PMFME) project”.
PMFME Project
The Centre had started the PMFME scheme in collaboration with the State governments in order to
incentivise food processing industries. This scheme seeks to provide technical, financial, and business
assistance to the small food processing enterprises.
Assistance to Self-help group
Under the PMFME scheme, members of the self-help group will be given an initial capital of up to Rs
40,000 in order to purchase machines.
Self-help groups members involved in the food processing industry will get 35 per cent of the credit
linked capital subsidy. It is subject to a maximum of Rs 10 lakh.
Capital investment of SHG federation will get 35 per cent subsidy by means of credit-linked grants.
One district one product
This scheme was started in order to identify one product from each and encourage its sale. It comprises of
procurement of raw materials using common facilities in order to produce and help in widening its market
for the product. Under this scheme, food processing ministry also helps the entrepreneurs for building
logistic support and developing ‘brand building’ for these products.
India-Israel to resume negotiations on FTA
India and Israel have agreed to resume the negotiations on Free Trade Agreement (FTA) from November
2021.
Aim of FTA
Both the countries will negotiate on FTA with the aim of concluding long-pending deal by June 2022.
Discussions regarding FTA have been going on between India and Israel for more than a decade.
However, for the first time a definite deadline has been set.
India-Israel Cooperation
India and Israel have joined the International Solar Alliance (ISA) which is a global initiative, started
by India. Agreement was signed between Jaishankar and Israel’s Energy Minister Karine Elharrar.
Both the countries have helped each other during COVID-19 pandemic also.

India–Israel relations
The bilateral relations between India and Israel are extensive. Both the countries share military, economic
and strategic relationship. Israel is represented by an embassy in New Delhi while consulates in Mumbai &
Bangalore. India has set up its embassy in Tel Aviv.
Military Relations
India is the largest buyer of military equipment from Israel while Israel is the second-largest supplier of
military equipment to India following Russia. In between 1999 to 2009, military business between both the
countries was around US$9 billion. Military and strategic ties also extend to joint military training and
intelligence-sharing on terrorist groups.
Economic Relations
India is the third-largest Asian trade partner of Israel, as of 2014. Overall, India is tenth-largest trade partner
of Israel. The bilateral trade between both the countries stands at $4.52 billion, excluding the military sales.
Both the countries are negotiating an extensive bilateral free-trade agreement which focuses on areas like
biotechnology, information technology and agriculture.
Govt and NABARD's NTPL sign Trust deed to promote FPOs
The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has dedicated Rs 1000 crores fund to
provide credit guarantees to around 10,000 farmer producer organisations (FPOs).
Key Points
This dedicated fund will be housed under the “Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for FPOs” (CGFTFPO),
under the trusteeship of NABSanrakshan Trustee Private Limited (NTPL).
CGFTFPO Trust has been signed by officials of Ministry of Agriculture & farmers welfare and
NABSanrakshan of NABARD and has been registered at Mumbai.
NTPL is a subsidiary and is wholly owned by NABARD.
Formation and Promotion of FPOs Scheme
Central government had launched a new central sector scheme called “Formation and promotion of 10000
FPOs” in February 2021. This scheme was launched with a clear strategy and committed resources for
promoting 10000 new FPOs in India. Rs 6865 has been allocated to this scheme.
The CGFTFPO
It is only the second such Trust formed in agriculture and allied sector in order to provide credit guarantee.
Credit guarantee offered by means of Trust will help in enhancing the credit worthiness of FPOs. It will also
facilitate for cost-effective production and productivity which in turn will led to higher net income for the
farmers who are members of FPOs.
Development of FPOs
As per Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, FPOs will be developed in produce clusters. While
agricultural produce and horticultural produce are grown to leverage economies of scale. It will also help in
improving market access for members.
NITI Aayog launches Geospatial Energy Map of India
Government think tank, NITI Aayog, launched the Geospatial Energy Map of India on October 18, 2021.
Key Points
This Geospatial Energy Map of India provides a holistic picture of all energy resources like oil & gas wells,
petroleum refineries, conventional power plants, coal fields and coal blocks.
Use of GIS-based Energy Map of India
GIS mapping of energy assets will be helpful in ensuring real-time and integrated planning of energy
sector in India, considering its interdependence and large geographical distribution.
Energy markets have huge potential in bringing efficiency gains.

Such mapping of energy assets will be helpful for all concerned stakeholders.
It will also help in accelerating policy-making process.
Using this, fragmented data has been brought together and will prove to be a great research
instrument.
Who has developed this Map?
The Geospatial Energy Map of India has been launched by NITI Aayog in collaboration with the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO). Energy ministries of the Government of India has also provided its support in
developing this platform.
Significance of GIS Map
The GIS map will provide a holistic picture of all energy resources India, which in turn will help in
visualising energy installations like conventional power plants, petroleum refineries, oil and gas wells,
petroleum refineries, coal fields and coal blocks, renewable energy resource potential and district-
wise data on renewable energy power plants through 27 thematic layers.
Map will also identify and locate all primary and secondary sources of energy as well as their
transportation/transmission networks in order to provide a comprehensive view of energy production
and distribution in India.
Aim of the initiative
This platform has been launched with the aim of integrating energy data scattered across several
organizations. It will present consolidated data in visually appealing graphical manner.
India, US, UAE, and Israel form a new QUAD
India, Israel, United States and United Arab Emirates (UAE) are ready to build on momentum created by
“Abraham Accords” by holding the first meeting of their foreign ministers on October 18, 2021.
Key Points
The meeting is being described in some quarters as a “new Quad”.
It was joined by:
1. External affairs minister S Jaishankar,
2. US secretary of state Antony Blinken from Washington
3. Israeli foreign minister Yair Lapid from Jerusalem
4. UAE foreign minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan from Abu Dhabi.
This meeting is the first to bring four countries together on a single platform.
Meeting will also be linked with India’s efforts of building new plurilateral and multilateral
partnerships which focuses on cooperation in areas including security, connectivity and energy.
Trilateral Cooperation
India, Israel and the UAE have also stepped-up a trilateral cooperation, especially in trade and investment,
after US negotiated for Abraham Accords in August 2020 between two West Asian countries. Under this
partnership, an Israel-based company will produce a robotic solar cleaning technology in India which will be
used for a project in the UAE.
Abraham Accords
Abraham Accords are a joint statement between Israel, the US and the UAE. It was signed on August 13,
2020. The term was also used to refer to normalisation agreements between Israel & UAE and Israel &
Bahrain collectively. It is the first public normalization of relations between any Arab country and Israel
since 1994. The accords have been named after Abraham, emphasizing the shared belief between Judaism
and Islam. Both of them are Abrahamic religions which strictly support monotheistic worship of the God of
Abraham.

UIDAI to host ‘Aadhaar Hackathon 2021’

The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is set to host the ‘Aadhaar Hackathon 2021’ from
October 28, 2021.
About Aadhaar Hackathon
The Aadhaar Hackathon is set to identify young innovators in the area of information technology.
The event will start from October 28 and end on October 31, 2021.
Hackathon will be organised for young innovators who are still at various engineering institutes and
seeks to step into the real world.
It will be the first-ever event being conducted by Aadhaar team.
Theme of the event
Aadhaar Hackathon 2021 has been themed on two topics:
1. Enrolment and Update:This topic primarily covers some of the real-life challenges which are faced by
the residents while they update their address.
2. Identity and Authentication:Under this theme, the UIDAI is soliciting innovative solutions for proving
the identity without sharing Aadhaar number or any demographic information. It is also looking for
innovative applications related to face authentication API, which is the newly launched authentication
modality of the UIDAI. Its objective is to popularise existing as well as new APIs for solving the needs
of residents.
To solve these challenges, UIDAI is reaching out to all engineering colleges through innovative
technological solutions.
How to register
One can register for the hackathon by visiting “hackathon.uidai.gov.in” website.
Prize money and other benefits
UIDAI will also reward winners under each theme through prize money and other lucrative benefits.
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)
UIDAI is a statutory authority which was established under the provisions of the Aadhaar Act 2016 on July
12, 2016. It was established under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). It was
created to issue Unique Identification numbers (UID), dubbed as “Aadhaar”, to all the residents of India.
Gen-Next Democratic Network' initiative- Key Facts
Under the new initiative called “Gen-Next Democratic Network” initiative, India is set to host young leaders
aged under 35.
Key Points
This event will be organised in November 2021.
It has been planned by Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR).
ICCR is an autonomous body working under the Ministry of External Affairs. It deals with the policies
related to India’s external cultural relations.
Young leaders would be invited from 75 different democracies.
These young leaders will be invited from ruling party, opposition party and other key parties.
5-7 leaders will be invited in different groups, to attend the event.
Inaugural Batch
The inaugural batch will comprise of leaders from countries like Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Chile, Sri Lanka,
Indonesia, Japan and Zambia. Structure comprises of countries representing regions and continents such
as South East Asia and Africa.
Who will inaugurate the event?
This event will be inaugurated by the speaker of Lok Sabha, Om Birla. The event will take place from

November 25.
Purpose of the meeting
Through this event, organisers are approaching and trying to build relations with Gen-next of 75
democracies. These people will become future leader of their respective countries. This, through this event,
they will get a comprehensive idea of rich democratic culture in India. They will also go to at least one state
with ICCR.
Background
This initiative has been launched by in the light that, India has been taking a lead role in the area of geo
politics of democracies.
Alibaba launches new server chip based on advanced 5-nanometer tech
Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. have launched a new server chip on the basis of advanced 5-nanometer
technology.
Highlights
This marks a milestone in light of semiconductor self-sufficiency of China.
The newest chip was launched on the basis of micro-architecture provided by SoftBank Group
Corporation, it is owned Arm Ltd.
Annual Cloud Summit
Alibaba, in the backdrop of its Annual Cloud Summit, highlighted that silicon will be put for using its own
data centres in near future. It will not be sold for commercial purposes. The annual cloud summit will be
held in Hangzhou.
About the server chip
Alibaba has customized the server chips is consistent with the ongoing efforts of boosting the
computing capabilities with better performance and improved energy efficiency.
Chips will be used to support current and future businesses in the Alibaba Group ecosystem.
Why this new server chip was launched?
Alibaba has launched new server chip in the aftermath of increasing cloud services amid the covid-19
pandemic. Tech giants across the world are seeking more powerful and energy efficient semiconductors for
gaining edge.
Significance of server chip
This server chip is the most advanced chip by a Chinese firm. With this launch, Alibaba has joined in global
rivals like Amazon & Google in gradually replacing silicon from traditional chipmakers such as Advanced
micro–Devices Inc. and Intel Corp.
PM to attend Abhidhamma Day programme at U.P
Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, is set to visit Uttar Pradesh on October 20, 2021 to attend Abhidhamma Day
Programme.
Key Points
On the occasion, Prime Minister will inaugurate the Kushinagar International Airport.
After this launch, he will participate in an event at Mahaparinirvana Temple, marking Abhidhamma
Day.
Thereafter, he will be attending a public function for inaugurating and laying foundation stone of
several development projects in Kushinagar.
Kushinagar International Airport
The inauguration of Kushinagar International Airport will be marked by landing of first flight at the
airport from Colombo, Sri Lanka.
The flight will carry Sri Lankan delegation comprising of more than hundred Buddhist Monks &

dignitaries. Among them, a 12-member Holy Relic entourage will bring Holy Buddha Relics for
Exposition.
Delegation also include Anunayakas (deputy heads) from all four Nikatas (orders) of Buddhism in Sri
Lanka namely, Asgiriya, Amarapura, Ramanya and Malwatta.
Five ministers of the Sri Lankan government will also take part in the event. They will be led by
Cabinet Minister Namal Rajapakshe.
Services provided by Airport
This airport has been built at the estimated cost of Rs. 260 crores. It will be facilitating domestic as well as
international pilgrims to visit the Mahaparinirvana sthal of Lord Buddha. Inauguration of the airport is an
attempt of connecting Buddhist pilgrimage holy sites from across the world. Airport will serve the adjoining
districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. It is an important step of boosting investment & employment
opportunities in this region.
Abhidhamma Day
Abhidhamma Day symbolises the end of three-month rainy retreat called “Varshavaas or Vassa”. This rainy
retreat is observed by the Buddhist Monks. During this period, monks stay at one place in vihara &
monastery for offering prayer.
BC commission begins Enumeration Exercise
As per Chairman of Andhra Pradesh Commission for Backward Classes, Justice A. Sankara Narayana, the
enumeration & enlistment programme has been undertaken for the enrolment of deserving castes and
remove inequity.
Key Facts
This commission was established on October 18, 2021.
Panel was also asked to look after caste names like Pinjari, Uppara and Pichiguntla. These caste
names were allegedly being used in a derogatory manner.
Members from Dasari community sought for the revival of ancient practice of ‘Dasari blowing the
conch’ at Tirumala at the dawn. Following this, ‘Sannidhi Golla’ of Yadav community opened the main
door of Lord Venkateswara temple.
Venkateswara Temple
It is a Hindu temple located in the hill town of Tirumala in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. It is dedicated
to Venkateswara (a form of Vishnu). He is believed to have appeared in the town for saving mankind from
trials and troubles of Kali Yuga. Thus, this place has been named as Kaliyuga Vaikuntha, while the Lord here
is referred “Kaliyuga Prathyaksha Daivam”.
Different names to the temple
The temple is also called by different names such as Tirumala Temple, Tirupati Balaji Temple or Tirupati
Temple.
Different names of the Lord
Lord Venkateswara is known by other names like Govinda, Balaji and Srinivasa.
Who runs the temple?
The temple is run by “Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD)”. TTD is under the control of Andhra Pradesh
Government. Head of the TTD is appointed by Andhra Pradesh Government.
October 20, 2021
Current Affairs- Today’s Headlines: October 20, 2021
INDIA
– Govt extends ability of existing air quality early warning system to have decision-making capability

– J&K: Piyush Goyal inaugurates 250mm Seer Water supply scheme in Pahalgam, Kashmir.
– Union Ayush Minister Sarbananda Sonowal inaugurates ‘Ayush Van’ in Gandhidham, Gujarat
– Babul Supriyo formally resigns as BJP Lok Sabha MP from Asansol in West Bengal
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Railways shuts down Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation (IRSDC) that was set up
for the redevelopment of stations across the country
– L&T emerges as lowest bidder for construction of Common Central Secretariat in New Delhi
– CII organising International Conference and Exhibition on Digital technologies – “Future Tech
2021” from Oct 19 to 27
– Aditya Birla Sun Life AMC MD & CEO A. Balasubramanian appointed Chairman of AMFI
(Association of Mutual Funds in India)
WORLD
– India, Israel, US and UAE agree to establish joint economic forum
– Israel: EAM S. Jaishankar meets IAF contingent taking part in biennial Blue Flag exercise
– Ecuador declares 60-day ‘state of emergency’ over crime wave
– Zalmay Khalilzad, U.S. chief interlocutor for Afghanistan, steps down
SPORTS
– AIBA (International Boxing Association) introduces belts, white gloves for men’s world
championships in Belgrade in October
– Harbhajan Singh and Javagal Srinath awarded life membership of the Marylebone Cricket Club
(MCC)
– New Zealand cricket umpire Fred Goodall dies at 83
Report: Africa’s glaciers to disappear soon
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and other agency released its new report on October 19, 2021. In
its report, these agencies warned that, Africa’s rare glaciers are going to disappear in next two decades
because of climate change.
Key facts
The report was released ahead of “U.N. climate conference” which is scheduled for October 31, 2021
in Scotland.
As per report, 1.3 billion people of Africa remain extremely vulnerable as African continent warms
more and at a faster rate than the global average, even though 54 countries in Africa contributes for
less than 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Report notes that, shrinking glaciers of Mount Kenya, Mount Kilimanjaro, and the Rwenzori Mountains
in Uganda are the symbol of rapid and widespread changes to come. Present retreat rates of these
glaciers are higher than global average. If this continues to happen, there will be total deglaciation by
2040s.
By 2030, around 118 million extremely poor people, or people living on less than $1.90 a day, will be
exposed to floods, drought and extreme heat in Africa.
Economic effects of climate change
Estimates of economic effects of climate change vary in the African continent. However, in sub-Saharan
Africa, climate change will decrease the gross domestic product by 3% by 2050. Cost of adapting to
climate change in Africa will increase to $50 billion per year by 2050.
Famine in Madagascar
United Nations has warned that “climate change has resulted into famine-like conditions in Madagascar,
located in Indian Ocean Island. It also notes that, South Sudan are going through the worst flooding in about
60 years.

India-Taliban to meet at Moscow-format meeting

India and Taliban are set to meet face-to-face at the “Moscow Format” meeting which will be hosted by
Russia on October 20, 2021.
Key Points
India and Taliban meeting is expected to focus on formation of an inclusive government and security
situation in Afghanistan.
Meeting will be participated by India, Afghanistan, Iran, USA, Pakistan, China and Central Asian
states.
Participants will also discuss on the issues of consolidating efforts of international community in
order to prevent humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan.
This is the first edition of the Moscow Format on Afghanistan ever since Taliban came to power.
Though, India holds its first meeting with Taliban on August 31, 2021 in Doha.
Moscow Format Meeting on Afghanistan
Moscow Format Meeting on Afghanistan will enable the first formal contact between India and
Taliban.
From Indian side, the meeting will be led by joint secretary, JP Singh, who is the head of Pakistan-
Afghanistan-Iran desk in external affairs ministry.
The Russian side seeks to hold a sincere conversation with the representatives of new Afghan
leadership and convey their objections to the Afghan delegation.
Discussions in the meeting will also focus on human rights issues as well as the humanitarian
situation in Afghanistan.
Terror threats related to Afghanistan and Fighting drug trafficking will be priority for Russia and other
countries.
Background
The Moscow Format was set up in the year 2017 as a six-party mechanism. It involved Russia, India,
Afghanistan, Iran, China and Pakistan. The format was later expanded with the inclusion of some more
countries. Its meetings were held in Moscow in the year 2017 and 2018.
Report: India at top in Emissions related to Crop Burning
Climate tech start-up, Blue Sky Analytics, published its report on emissions related to crop burning. In the
report, India has been ranked at the top position.
Key Points
As per report, India accounted for 13 per cent of total global emissions in the period of 2015-2020.
Report notes a 12.2 percent contribution by India towards the cropland fire emissions in 2020 alone.
The data highlights the new insights into recent trends in biomass fires, including emissions from
crop residue and forest residue fires in India.
For instance, data in report verifies the downward trend of crop fires between 2016 and 2019. As per
report, GHG emissions due to cropland fires has reduced by 11.39 per cent in between 2016-2019.
In between 2019-20, GHG emissions has increased by 12.8 per cent. As a result of this, India’s global
contribution has become 12.2 per cent.
Blue Sky Analytics
Blue Sky Analytics is the Indian Climate tech start-up. It was founded by an IIT alumnus. It is a part of global
coalition called “Climate TRACE”.
Climate TRACE
Climate TRACE is a global coalition that works on the mission of accelerating climate action by providing
near-real-time and independent high-resolution GHG emissions data. Innovative approach followed by

Climate TRACE fills critical knowledge gaps for all the countries, which also rely on patchwork system of
self-reporting.
Emission Estimates
Emissions estimates provided by Blue Sky Analytics cover fires caused by human activities. It includes
burning in forest areas to convert it into agricultural land or crop residues. It also covers fires caused by
wildfire activity. It prepared report by combining multiple satellite data sources.
Russia to help India tackle coal shortage
India and Russia have signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to collaborate in mining and steel
sector.
Key facts
MoU was signed between Union Minister of Steel, Ram Chandra Prasad and Russia’s minister of
energy Nikolay Shulginov.
The MoU specially focuses on coking
Signing of the deal is part of India’s National Steel Policy 2017.
Under National Steel Policy 2017, India aims to reach 300 million tonne steel production by 2030. It is
also working on forward and backward integration.
About the MoU
The MoU between both the countries was singed in Moscow. It envisages on the implementation of
commercial activities and joint projects in coking coal. Commercial activities include:
1. Long-term supplies of high-quality coking coal to India
2. Development of coking coal deposits as well as logistics
3. Sharing of experience in technologies of mining & coking coal production management, Beneficiation,
processing and training.
Discussion of OVL with Russia
ONGC Videsh Ltd (OVL) is also discussing to buy a stake in Russia’s planned liquefied gas project Arctic
LNG-2 and massive Vostok oil project. In the year 2018, Ruias-owned Essar Oil sold India assets to Russian
government owned Roseneft-led consortium for $12.9 billion.
Significance of the MoU
MoU is significant as it was signed at a time when India’s non-power industries like cement, aluminium and
secondary producers of steel are facing severe thermal coal shortage.
India’s coal import
Presently, India imports its coking coal from Australia, which places the domestic steel industry at the
receiving end with respect to pricing power. Almost all the primary producers of steel in India rely on
imported coking coal for meeting their supplies.
Coal reserve in India
India has large coking coal reserves in Jharia district of Jharkhand. But the region continuously suffers
from fire as a result, it remains unexplored for mining. Jharia region is estimated to have coking coal
reserves of around 19.4 billion tonnes.
Gita Gopinath to leave IMF
Chief Economist and Director of the Research Department of International Monetary Fund (IMF), Gita
Gopinath, is set to leave her job in January 2022.
Highlights
She will return to the prestigious Harvard University, after leaving the job.
The Indian-American economist had joined the IMF in January 2019, as the Chief Economist.
When she joined IMF, she was working as John Zwaanstra Professor of International Studies and

Economics at Harvard University.

Harvard University had extended her leave of absence by one year on an exceptional basis. This
allowed her to serve as Chief Economist for three years at the IMF.
She is the first-ever woman Chief Economist of the IMF.
Background
Gita Gopinath was born in December 1971 to Malayalee parents. She did her schooling in Kolkata. She
completed her graduation from the Lady Shri Ram College of Commerce in Delhi. She had her Masters from
the Delhi School of Economics and University of Washington. She then completed Ph.D in economics from
Princeton University in 2001. She was guided by Ben Bernanke, Kenneth Rogoff, and Pierre-Olivier
Gourinchas. In the year 2001, she joined the University of Chicago as an Assistant Professor and moved to
Harvard in 2005. In the year 2010, she became a tenured Professor there. She is only the third woman in
Harvard to be a tenured professor at economics department. She is also the first Indian following Nobel
laureate Amartya Sen to hold this position at Harvard.
Ecuador: Emergency declared over crime wave
The South American Country, Ecuador, has declared a state of emergency because of crime wave.
Key Points
President of Ecuador, Guillermo Lasso, announced a 60-day state of emergency on October 19, 2021
because of rise in violent drug crimes.
The announcement was made on the eve of a visit by US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken.
Both the leaders are set to discuss questions of defence, security, and trade.
With the announcement of state of emergency, soldiers in riot gear reached to reinforce authorities
following the protest by street merchants.
What is the issue?
Ecuador is currently grappling with a surge in violent crime and deadly prison riots.
Government of Ecuador has pointed to drug trafficking and its consumption as the underlying cause
and problem.
About Ecuador
Ecuador is a country, located in north-western South America. It is bordered by Colombia, Peru and Pacific
Ocean. The country also includes the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific. This island is located at about 1,000
kilometres west of the mainland. Quito city is the capital of Ecuador.
Background
The territories of present-day Ecuador were once home to several Amerindian groups. They were gradually
incorporated into the Inca Empire during 15th century. During the 16th century, the territory was colonized by
Spain. It achieved independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia. Ecuador emerged as its own sovereign
state in the year 1830.
Official language
Spanish is the official language of Ecuador. It is spoken by majority of the population. However, country has
recognised 13 Native languages including Shuar and Quechua.
M.P: Mukhyamantri Ration Aapke Dwar Yojana
State cabinet of Madhya Pradesh in its meeting on October 19, 2021, decided to implement Mukhya Mantri
Ration Aapke Dwar scheme.
About the scheme
Mukhya Mantri Ration Aapke Dwar Scheme will be implemented to benefit the poor tribal families.
It will be implemented in tribal development blocks of state excluding those blocks which fall under
districts which are undergoing bypolls.

The scheme is going to benefit tribal families of around 7511 villages in 74 development blocks of 16
districts.
How ration will be distributed?
Ration will be distributed from headquarters village as well as by transporting it through vehicle
across other villages attached to the shop.
Collector will fix the days of each month for distribution in the village.
On an average, in a month, 220 to 440 quintals of ration will be distributed by a vehicle for 22 to 25
days.
Around 472 vehicles will be used to distribute food transportation.
Annual expenditure
Under the scheme, there will be an annual expenditure of Rs 24,000 per month on one metric ton vehicle
while an expenditure of Rs 31,000 per month will be on 2 metric ton vehicle. Thus, there will be total of Rs
14.07 crore of expenditure.
Quality of food grain
Under the scheme, quality of the food-grain loaded in the vehicle will also be tested. All arrangements
including electronic weighing machine, speaker, mic, POS for weighing material will be made to keep
machine and food safe.
Air Quality Early Warning System (AQEWS) enhanced
The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) has developed a new ‘Decision Support System’ (DSS) as
well as ‘Air Quality Early Warning System’ (AQEWS). These systems were launched by Union Minister of
State (Independent Charge) Science and Technology, Dr Jitendra Singh.
Key Facts
DSS and AQEWS systems were launched for better air-quality management in Delhi-NCR region.
IITM is an autonomous institute, working under the Ministry of Earth Sciences. It is based in Pune.
Apart from the systems, IITM has also created a dedicated website in order to deliver quantitative
information regarding the contribution of emissions from Delhi and adjoining districts to the air
quality.
Unique feature of the system comprises of providing information on contribution of biomass-burning
activities in the adjoining states.
Air Quality Early Warning System (AQEWS)
The system has been developed by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune. This system uses data of
stubble burning incidents from last 15 years for predicting date and place of next burning. This data is then
correlated with wind speed for predicting air pollution level for next 72 hours. AQEWS can also forecast the
level of pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) 2.5, PM10, and dust, which come from sources other
than stubble burning. Early warning of pollution helps in providing data and time to the authorities for
responding to it in a time bound manner.
Components of the system
The warning system comprises of:
1. Real time observations of air quality and details about natural aerosols like dust & particulate matter
using satellite data sets.
2. Predictions of air pollutants coming from two different air quality prediction systems on the basis of
state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry transport models.
3. Providing Warning Messages, Alerts & Bulletins.
Kung Fu Nuns won UNESCO Martial Arts Education Prize 2021
Prestigious “Martial Arts Education Prize 2021” was conferred to the world-renowned Kung Fu Nuns of

Drukpa order of Buddhism.

Key Points
Prize was given to them from the UNESCO International Centre for Martial Arts to honour their brave
acts of service.
The Prize recognises the historic “acts of service and championing of gender equality in Himalayas”
by the Kung Fu Nuns.
Through martial arts, Drukpa nuns empower young girls with defending themselves, take leadership
roles across their communities and build confidence.
It also recognises work by Kung Fu Nuns in Indian and Nepali communities, who were hit especially
hard by the covid-19 pandemic. Pandemic had left the marginalised groups in need of supplies and
education.
Why Kung Fu Nuns were awarded?
The Kung Fu Nuns belongs to the Drukpa Lineage of Indian Buddhism. They started learning Kung Fu in
building strength and confidence. They now use those skills to serve others by means of unimaginable acts
of bravery including recent 2500 km “Bicycle Yatra for Peace” from Kathmandu, Nepal to Ladakh. During the
Bicycle Yatra, they speak out against human trafficking as well as to their refusal to evacuate after 2015
Nepal earthquake for delivering critical aid to neglected regions.
About Kung Fu Nuns
Kung Fu Nuns are an order of Buddhist nuns, belonging to the Drukpa Kagyu lineage. It is a thousand-year-
old sect and is led by the Gyalwang Drukpa. Their name comes from the proficiency order in Chinese martial
arts. They started learning Chinese martial arts in 2008 after the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa authorised training.
They are best known for their social activism and humanitarian work. They occupy leadership roles across
their nunneries.
NPCI launches NTS platform for Card Tokenisation
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) announced for the launch of NPCI Tokenization system
(NTS) on October 20, 2021 in order to provide support to the tokenisation of cards as an alternate for
storing card details with merchants.
Key Facts
The NTS will support the tokenisation of RuPay cards in order to further enhance the safety of
customers as well to provide a seamless shopping experience for the consumers.
With the launch of NTS, acquiring banks, merchants, aggregators, and others can get themselves
certified with the NPCI. This in turn will help them in playing the role of Token Requestor.
Token requestor will help in save the token reference number (Token Reference on File (TROF)) for all
the saved card numbers.
By utilizing the TROF, all the businesses can maintain their RuPay consumer base for future
transactions that will be initiated by their respective RuPay consumers.
When these guidelines will be met?
Merchants are required to meet the Tokenisation by January 1, 2022.
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)
NPCI is the specialised division of Reserve Bank of India. It works under the jurisdiction of Ministry of
Finance. It was established to operate retail payments and settlement systems in India. NPCI was
established in December 2008 and is registered under Section 8 of the Companies Act 2013. It was
established by the RBI and Indian Banks’ Association.
Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation to be dissolved
Indian Railways has ordered to dissolve the “Indian Railways Stations Development Corporation” on the

basis of recommendation of Principal Economic Advisor of Finance Ministry, Sanjeev Sanyal.

Highlights
This move is in line with the rationalisation of railway bodies by closing or merging multiple
organisations.
Railway Board has ordered to initiate all necessary procedural formalities for closure of IRSDC.
Stations managed by IRSDC as well as all the projects related documents will be handed over to
respective Zonal Railways.
Background
With this move, IRSDC is the second organisation under the Ministry of Railways that will be shut down.
Earlier, on September 7, 2021, Indian railway had shut down the closure of Indian Railways Organisation for
Alternative Fuel (IROAF).
Indian Railway Stations Development Corporation Limited (IRSDC)
IRSDC was a special purpose vehicle which is a joint venture of Rail Land Development Authority (RLDA),
RITES and IRCON. International. All three companies of Indian Railways are owned by Indian Railway
Ministry. It was incorporated on April 12, 2012. On October 18, 2021, Railway Board announced to shut
down IRSDC in a bid to rationalise railway bodies. It was at the core of Indian railway’s mission of
transforming railway stations in India into world-class 24*7 hubs. It is also a nodal agency and main Project
Development Agency (PDA) for redevelopment of stations.
Joint Conference of CVC-CBI
Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, delivered a video message to the joint conference of CVC and CBI on
October 20, 2021. The conference took place at Kevadia, Gujarat.
Highlights
During the conference, Prime Minister noted that, deliberations of the conference are taking place in
Kevadia which is a place marked by the presence of Sardar Patel.
Sardar Patel was the person who gave highest priority in making governance a basis of progress,
public welfare and public concerns in India.
He called on officers of CBI and CVC for rededicating themselves to abolish corruption across all the
walks of national life.
He further emphasized that in past 6-7 years, government has succeeded in instilling the confidence
that, corruption can be contained.
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
CVC is an apex Indian governmental body, which was established in the year 1964 by a resolution of
government of India. The body helps in addressing governmental corruption. Parliament enacted a law to
confer statutory status on the CVC in the year 2003. The body has the status of an autonomous body. It is
free of control from any of the executive authority. It has been charged with the monitoring of all vigilance
activity under the Central Government.
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
CBI is the premier investigating agency of India. It operates under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Personnel,
Public Grievances & Pensions. It was set up in the year 1965 to investigate bribery and governmental
corruption. CBI has been exempted from the provisions of Right to Information Act.
Kashmir: 250mm Seer Water Supply Scheme inaugurated
Union Minister Piyush Goyal, during his two-day visit to Pahalgam district in Kashmir, inaugurated a 250 mm
Seer Water Supply Scheme.
Highlights
The two-day visit of the minister concluded on October 20, 2021 as part of public outreach

programme of the central government.

Minister inaugurated tourist hut of Pahalgam Development Authority at the Golf Course Pahalgam.
Green JK Drive
Minister inaugurated the Forest Departments Deodar sapling plantation drive. This drive will be
conducted under the banner of Green JK Drive.
Under this drive, a total of 1 lakh saplings will be planted.
He enquired regarding the post plantation care for saplings and was apprised that fencing and other
appropriate watch & ward measures are taken properly.
250mm Seer Water Supply Scheme
Minister also inaugurated 250mm Seer Water supply scheme, on the occasion. This project will benefit
around 10000 people. Completion of the project will be done under the ambit of Jal Jeevan Mission within
three months.
Visits by the union minister
During the two-day visit, he visited Rahi Shawl Unit at Akad Park and interacted with local artisans. He
examined several handicrafts like zari, sozni and tapestry.
He also visited the Sun temple at Martand, which is located atop a hillock. This temple is the earliest
known sun temples.
The Martand Sun Temple
The temple is also known as Pandou Laidan. It is a Hindu temple dedicated to Surya. It was built during 8th
century CE. The temple is in ruins. It is located five miles from Anantnag in Jammu and Kashmir.
October 21, 2021
Microsoft AI Innovate Program
Technology giant, Microsoft, has launched a programme called “AI Innovate Programme”, to nurture and
scale start-ups.
Key Points
The programme was launched in its efforts of supporting the start-up ecosystem in India.
Programme will support those start-ups that are leveraging artificial intelligence (AI).
About Microsoft AI Innovate
It is a 10-week initiative to support and help start-ups in India in driving innovations, scaling
operations, and building industry expertise.
To participate in the initiative, both B2B and B2C start-ups coming from diverse industries such as
healthcare, financial services, education, space, agriculture, retail, manufacturing & logistics and e-
commerce are invited.
It is supported by TiE Mumbai.
Launch cohort of the initiative will kickstart in November 2021.
Why this initiative was launched?
This initiative was launched because, AI has become the heart of digital transformation. Microsoft has
invested helped several organizations in transform through AI. These start-ups are the future signal
generators for all while AI & ML (machine learning) technologies can help in creating disruptive model. The
programme seeks to help every start-up in every industry involved in meaningful innovation into actionable
results.
Start-up ecosystem in India
India accounts for third-largest ecosystem for start-ups across the world. Thus, it holds opportunities for
emerging businesses for accelerating innovation across industries. Adoption of AI will help in adding more
than $90 billion to Indian economy by 2025.

Focus of the programme

Under the new initiative, Microsoft will focus on providing tech & business opportunities to start-ups
in order to help them in improving their solutions, making AI accessible to everyone and transforming
their organisations.
Programme will also help the start-ups in reaching out to new customers and geographies with the
help of sales & partner networks of Microsoft.
October 21: Police Commemoration Day
National Police Commemoration Day is observed every year on October 21, in India. This day is dedicated to
the sacrifices of ten policemen, who died in Chinese firing in the year 1959.
Background
On October 21, 1959, Chinese troops threw grenades and opened fire at twenty Indian soldiers in Ladakh.
Out of them, ten brave police personnel attained martyrdom while seven others sustained injuries in that
incident. A month later, on November 28, 1959, dead bodies of the martyred policemen were handed over to
India by the Chinese troops. Their cremation was held at the Hot springs in North Eastern Ladakh, with full
Police honours. Since then, October 21 is observed as “Police Commemoration Day”.
Police Commemoration Day parade
National level Police Commemoration Day Parade is held at the Police Memorial, Chanakyapuri, since the
year 2012.
Significance of the Day
The day has become more significant in the aftermath of Covid-19 pandemic. Ever since the COVID-19
outbreak in India in 2020, Indian police officers have been on the frontline along with healthcare
officials. Several police officers lost their life while discharging their duties.
National Police Museum
National Police Museum was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Delhi on October 15, 2018. It
is handled by the central armed police forces (CAPFs) and the Intelligence Bureau (IB). Museum depicts the
history, uniform & gear of central as well as state police forces in India.
Sri Lanka receives first consignment of Nano Nitrogen Liquid Fertilizer from India
Sri Lanka has received the first consignment of non-harmful Nano Nitrogen liquid fertiliser from India on
October 20, 2021.
Key Facts
Of all, India sent 3.1 million litres of high quality non-harmful Nano Nitrogen liquid fertiliser.
The fertilizer will help Sri Lanka in the cultivation of maize and paddy.
Background
Sri Lanka imported the Nano Nitrogen liquid fertiliser, after Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa
decided to stop chemical fertilizer imports.
President took this decision in May 2021 which sparked anger and widespread protests in farmland
districts of the Island country.
Nano Nitrogen Liquid Fertiliser
Nano Nitrogen Liquid Fertilizer was developed by Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited
(IFFCO), with the objective of addressing imbalanced and excessive use of conventional Urea.
It has been developed indigenously, for the first time in the world.
It was developed at Nano Biotechnology Research Centre (NBRC) of IFFCO at Kalol, Gujarat by means
of a proprietary patented technology.
Nano Urea (Liquid)
It is a source of nitrogen and a major essential nutrient that are required for proper growth and development

of plants. Nitrogen is a key constituent of amino acids, genetic materials, enzymes, energy transfer
compounds and photosynthetic pigments in a plant. Usually, in a healthy plant, nitrogen content is present
in the range of 1.5 to 4%. Application of Nano Urea (Liquid) at critical crop growth stages of the plant fulfils
its nitrogen requirement and increases its productivity and quality as compared to conventional urea.
UNEP report: Fossil fuel plans evade Paris limits
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) recently released its report called “2021 Production Gap
Report”. According to the report, government’s plan to produce fossil fuels will evade the Paris Deal limits.
Key Points
Report measures the gap between “governments’ planned production of coal, gas & oil” and “global
production levels in consistent with the limits of Paris Agreement”.
As per report, despite increasing climate ambitions and net-zero commitments, governments are
planning to produce more than double amount of fossil fuels in the year 2030 than what was required
for limiting global warming to 1.5°C.
It notes that, the production gap in unchanged.
How gap will increase?
Governments are collectively targeting for an increase in oil and gas production, over the next two decades.
But there will only be a modest decrease in coal production. Thus, total fossil fuel production increasing out
by 2040 which will create an ever-widening production gap.
About 2021 production gap report
This year the report presents first comprehensive update of production gap analysis since it was first
launched in 2019. It tracks how governments across the world are supporting fossil fuel production by
means of their policies, investments and other measures. It also features the profile of individual country
for 15 major fossil fuel-producing countries.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
UNEP helps in coordinating responses to the environmental issues within the system of United Nations. The
body was established by Maurice Strong, in the year 1972, following the United Nations Conference on the
Human Environment in Stockholm. The body provides leadership, develop solutions and deliver science on
several issues.
Japan: Mount Aso volcano erupts at Kyushu Island
Mount Aso volcano in Japan, erupted on October 20, 2021 and emitted a giant column of ash to about
thousands of metres into the sky.
Highlights
No injuries were reported immediately and People were warned not to go towards volcano as it
ejected hot gas and ash.
The volcano ejected gas and ash up to the height of 3,500 metres.
Pale grey torrents of ash rushed down the slopes of the 1,592-metre mountain.
Background
Mount Aso last erupted in the year 2016. The Japan Meteorological Agency had then raised its warning for
Mount Aso to the level that was reported on October 20.
About Mount Aso
Mount Aso is the largest active volcano in Japan and one among the largest across the world. The volcano
stands on the island of Kyushu, in Aso Kuju National Park in Kumamoto Prefecture. Its peak is 1,592 meters
above sea level. It has a fairly large caldera, having a circumference of about 120 km. The caldera
dominates the island Kyushu, where it is a popular tourist draw.

Volcano in Japan
Japan is among the world’s most volcanically active countries. It is located on the Pacific “Ring of Fire”
where a large proportion earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are recorded. Japan suffered its deadliest
eruption in the month of September 2014, when Mount Ontake burst unexpectedly. It killed 63 people
Kyushu Island
It is the third largest island out of five main islands. It is mountainous and house to Japan’s active volcano
called Mount Aso.
India's stand in UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference
Second UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference was recently concluded, in which India strongly
opposed the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and CPEC projects of China.
Key Points
The UN Global Sustainable Transport Conference was held between October 14 to October 16.
During the conference Indian side noted that, India shares the desire of international community of
enhancing physical connectivity. It believes that, physical connectivity should bring huge economic
benefits for all in a balanced and equitable manner.
Belt and Road initiative (BRI)
The BRI is a multi-billion-dollar initiative which was launched in the year 2013, by Chinese President Xi
Jinping. The project was launched with the aim of enhancing China’s influence. It aims to link Southeast
Asia, Central Asia, Africa, Europe and the Gulf region with a network of land and sea routes.
About China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
CPEC is USD 60 billion project that connects Gwadar Port in the Balochistan region of Pakistan with the
Xinjiang province of China. It is the flagship project under the BRI.
Why India is against CPEC?
Though, expansion and strengthening of physical connectivity is the integral part of economic & diplomatic
initiatives of India. But India has been affected by China’s BRI and China Pakistan Economic Corridor
(CPEC) projects because these projects impinge on India’s sovereignty. India has been opposing this
project because it is being laid through the Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (PoK).
China’s Stand
China is of the view that, CPEC is an economic initiative and has not affected its stand on the Kashmir
issue.
TRUTH Social: Donald Trump's New Social Media Platform
Former US President, Donald Trump, has launched his own social media network called “TRUTH Social”.
Key Facts
This platform was launched after Donald Trump faced bans from Facebook and Twitter.
Trump’s social media platform will stand up to the pattern of Big Tech.
This app is likely to be the first project of “Trump Media and Technology Group (TMTG)” following its
merger with Digital World Acquisition Group. Former US president, Trump, is the chairman of the
group.
Why trump launched this platform?
Former president of United States launched this platform as his social media accounts either got
temporarily suspended or even banned due to his controversial posts. Accounts were suspended following
the attack on the Capitol back in January 2021.
Trump Media and Technology Group (TMTG)
This newly merged entity is chaired by Trump. It will form a rival for the liberal media consortium. The
company was established through a special purpose acquisition company (SPAC). SPAC is a popular

vehicle for several transactions such as transitioning a “private company” to “publicly traded company”.
Such companies are often dubbed as “blank check companies.”
About TRUTH Social
TRUTH Social app is up for pre-registration in Apple App Store. Its Beta version will be available to only
invitees from November 2021. However, it will be rolled out country-wide in first quarter of 2022.
Konkan Shakti Exercise - Key Facts
The United Kingdom (UK) and India are set to launch their biggest joint military exercise called “Konkan
Shakti”.
Key Facts
In the exercise, there will be re-entry of UK’s Carrier Strike Group (CSG) into western Indian Ocean
waters.
The CSG, along with HMS Queen Elizabeth, has been on deployment in the Indo-Pacific waters for all
summer.
Military of the UK engaged with their counterparts in Singapore and Bangladesh. They also did a “non-
provocative deployment” in South China Sea.
Deployment of CSG is significant for the UK as it is the biggest deployment after the end of Cold War.
Entrance of CSG into Indian Waters
CSG will enter into Indian waters on October 21 while one of the ships will dock in to the Mumbai port. It will
stay at anchorage and some invited guests will be taken on board. The UK’s foreign secretary Elizabeth
Truss will be in Mumbai for senior level discussions on a range of topics, including maritime propulsion
technology, which the UK is keen to sell to the Indian Navy. The UK has an integrated electrical propulsion
technology which it hopes to sell for future ships in the Indian Navy.
About Konkan Shakti
Konkan Shakti is the first tri-service exercise between India and United Kingdom.
Ajeya Warrior
Ajeya Warrior is an Army exercise between both the countries. It is ongoing in Uttarakhand in which about
120 British soldiers are participating.
RBI fines Paytm Payments Bank and Western Union
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed monetary penalty on two payment system operators viz., Paytm
Payments Bank Ltd (PBBL) as well as Western Union Financial Services Inc.
Key Points
RBI levied a penalty of Rs 1 crore on PBBL. Penalty was imposed because of an offence related to
Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 (PSS Act).
It levied a penalty of Rs 27.78 lakh on Western Union Financial Services, which is a cross-border in-
bound service operator. Fine was imposed for non-compliance with certain directions that were
issued by the central bank.
Offense by PBBL
In the application for issue of final Certificate of Authorisation (CoA) of PBBL, RBI observed that PPBL had
submitted information which did not reflect the factual position. This was an offence of the nature in
accordance with Section 26 (2) of the PSS Act.
Offense by Western Union
Western Union reported the case of breach in ceiling of 30 remittances per beneficiary during 2019 and
2020. It filed an application for compounding of the violation.
Western Union Company
It is an American multinational financial services company. It is headquartered in Denver, Colorado. The

company was founded in the year 1851 as “New York and Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company”.
In the year 1856, company changed its name to the Western Union Telegraph Company.
Paytm Payments Bank (PBB)
The Indian payments bank called PBB was founded in 2015. It is headquartered in Noida. PBB received the
license to run a payments bank from RBI in 2015. It was finally launched in November 2017.
India set to touch 100 crore Covid vaccination mark
India crossed another significant milestone in its fight against the covid-19 pandemic on October 21, 2021.
It touched the mark of 100 crore Covid vaccinations including the first as well as second doses.
Key Points
On the other hand, India reported 18,454 new cases in last 24 hours.
Currently, the active caseload stands at 1,78,831.
Recovery rate stands at 98.15 per cent, accounting for highest since March 2020.
With 160 Covid patients lost life to Covid-19 infection in last 24 hours, total death now stands around
4.52 lakh.
Vaccination count
Data on vaccine shows that, India’s inoculation drive has been fairly equitable. More than 65 per cent of
total vaccine doses are being administered across rural areas. 74 per cent of the estimated adult population
have received first dose of the vaccine while 31 per cent are fully vaccinated.
India’s vaccination drive
India started its COVID-19 vaccination drive on January 16, 2021. As of October 21, 2021, India has crossed
100 crores mark, including first and second doses. About half of the eligible population has got at least one
shot, while 19 per cent have received both the doses. India initially approved Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine
and Covaxin. Later, these vaccines were joined by the Sputnik V, Johnson & Johnson vaccine, Moderna
vaccines and ZyCoV-D.
First Phase of Vaccination
In the first phase of vaccination, about 30 million health who were directly dealing with Covid-19 patients as
well as frontline workers received the vaccine. In subsequent phases, vaccination plan was rolled out for
other people.
Parambikulam Tiger Conservation Foundation wins Earth Guardian Award
The Parambikulam Tiger Conservation Foundation (PaTCoF) has won the “Earth Guardian Award” which was
instituted by the NatWest Group.
Key Points
PaTCoF is a non-profit organisation under forest department which seeks to facilitate conservation of
tiger and biodiversity in the Parambikulam tiger reserve.
Eight winners of the award were felicitated by secretary general of “UN Convention on International
Trade in the Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora”, Ivonne Higuero in a virtual ceremony on
October 20, 2021.
About Earth Guardian Award
These awards were instituted by NatWest Group India. They are part of an initiative which recognises the
efforts of individuals and institutions that are working to subvert the climate change by conserving &
preserving biodiversity in India.
Parambikulam Tiger Reserve
Parambikulam Tiger Reserve also includes erstwhile Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, which is spread
across 391 square kilometres. It is a protected area in Palakkad district of Kerala. It was established in
1973. The sanctuary lies in the Sungam range of hills in between Anaimalai Hills and Nelliampathy Hills.

Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary was declared a part of Parambikulam Tiger Reserve in 2010. Tiger reserve
implements the Participatory Forest Management Scheme (PFMS).
Is it a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
The Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary is currently under consideration for selection as World Heritage Site,
by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.
Indigenous Peoples
The sanctuary is home to four different tribes of indigenous peoples namely, Malasar, Kadar, Mala Malarsar
and Muduvar. These people are settled in six colonies. People of these tribal colonies are working as guides
for treks and safaris. They are provided employment through several eco-tourism initiatives.
October 22, 2021
Global Food Security Index 2021
Tenth edition of the Global Food Security Index was published recently. In the index, India has been ranked
at 71st position.
Highlights
The Global Food Security (GFS) Index 2021 was prepared by analysing data from 113 countries.
On the other hand, recently, India was ranked at 101st position in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2021.
About Global Food Security Index (GFS)
The GFS Index is sponsored by Corteva Agriscience while it is designed & constructed by London-based
Economist Impact. The index is published every year. GFS measures the underlying drivers of food security
on the basis of understated factors:
1. Affordability
2. Availability
3. Quality and Safety
4. Natural Resources and Resilience
Index considers 58 unique food security indicators like income & economic inequality. It also calls for
attention to the systemic gaps and actions which are required to accelerate the progress toward
Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger by 2030.
Key Findings of the report
Countries like Ireland, Austria, Finland, the UK, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Japan, Canada, the US
and France shared the top rank. Their overall GFS score was in the range of 77.8 and 80 points.
India has been ranked at 71st position out of 113 countries. Its overall score is 57.2 points.
India performed better than Pakistan (75th), Sri Lanka (77th), Nepal (79th) and Bangladesh (84th).
China has been ranked way ahead of India at 34th.
However, incremental gains by India in overall food security score were lagging behind of Pakistan,
Nepal and Bangladesh, over the period of ten years.
What are the Concerns?
Global food security has decreased for the second consecutive year after seven years of progress with
respect to Sustainable Development Goal of zero hunger. Though countries have made significant progress
towards addressing food insecurity in last ten years, but food systems still remain vulnerable to climatic,
economic, and geopolitical shocks.
UN sets up Special Trust fund for Afghanistan
The United Nations has set up a special trust fund on October 21, 2021 for Afghanistan, in order to provide
urgently needed cash directly to Afghans.
Highlights
This special trust fund was set up through a system by tapping into donor funds which was frozen
since the Taliban takeover in August 2021.

It was set up with the aim of injecting liquidity into Afghan households in a bid to permit them to
survive the upcoming winter and remain in their homeland.
Germany is a first contributor to the fund. It had pledged 50 million euros ($58 million) for it. Germany
was also in touch with other donors to mobilise the resources.
Why this fund was created?
According to United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), about 97% of Afghan households might be
living below the poverty line by mid-2022. Thus, fund was set up to stabilise people’s economy and save
their lives & livelihood.
Economy of Afghanistan
As per International Monetary Fund (IMF), economy of Afghanistan was set to contract up to 30% in the year
2021. It will further fuel the refugee crisis which will also be affecting neighbouring countries like Turkey
and Europe.
Economic impact of Taliban’s takeover
As the Taliban took over Afghanistan, billions of the assets in central bank got frozen and several
international financial institutions suspend their access to funds. Though humanitarian aid continued. As a
result of this, banks in Afghanistan are running out of money, food prices have increased and civil servants
have not been paid.
Barbados elects first ever President
The Caribbean Island called Barbados, in a bid to become a republic, has elected its first ever president.
Highlights
This is a key step in preparations for becoming a republic.
This move will also remove Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II as head of state of Barbados.
Sandra Mason, who is the current governor-general of the island, will sworn in as president on
November 30, 2021.
November 30 marks the 55th anniversary of independence of Barbados from Britain.
Background
Sandra Mason had announced the break with Britain in September 2020 and said that, time has come to
fully leave the colonial past behind.
British Control on the nation
Barbados was claimed by the British in the year 1625. It has been referred as “Little England” sometimes,
because of its loyalty to British customs.
About Barbados
Barbados is an island country, located in Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, it is the most easterly part of
the Caribbean Islands. The country has a length of 34 kilometres & width of 23 km. It covers an covering an
area of 432 km2. The country is outside the principal Atlantic hurricane belt. Its largest city is Bridgetown,
which also happens to be its capital.
Tourist Destination
The island country is relatively prosperous and a popular tourist destination. Before the covid-19 pandemic,
more than a million tourists used to visit its idyllic beaches and crystalline waters every year. The island is
also well-known for the birthplace of superstar singer Rihanna.
Intel Unnati Data-Centric Labs
Intel has announced the launch of “Intel Unnati Program” on October 21, 2021 in order to help equip
engineering students in India with data-centric skills that are relevant for industry.

Key Points
Intel has also planned to setup 100 Intel Unnati Data Centric Labs by the year 2022.
This program was launched in order to bring academia and industry together for addressing the skills
gap in new age technologies.
Programme also focuses on technology inclusion and seeks to broaden the access
to technology infrastructure for educational institutions in all tiers.
These educational institutions will also get a choice of lab variants to suit their budgets as well as on
the basis of where they stand in their infrastructure and technology journey.
Features of Unnati Lab
Each Intel Unnati lab comprises of Intel-recommended hardware & software stack, course content
and co-branded course completion certificates for students.
Presently, these labs are available for artificial intelligence (AI), AI Internet of Things (AIIoT) and
FPGA solutions, with multiple other technologies in the pipeline such as smart mobility and security.
Through these labs, students will get access to cutting edge technologies such as server setup, IoT
set ups, multiple funnels of data coming in etc.
It will also enable the leading-edge R&D capability to students in university premises. They will not
require to wait for completing graduation and join company like Intel.
Which colleges are part of this programme?
Intel Unnati Program has been launched across 15 colleges which are in process to set up Centres of
Excellence in their campuses. Currently, these labs are operational in 3 institutes like Galgotias University
(UP), Vinayaka Mission in Tamil Nadu and OPJU in Chhattisgarh. Other colleges which are part of this
programme are-
1. IIIT Dharwad in Karnataka,
2. Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) in Andhra Pradesh
3. Amrita University in Tamil Nadu & Kerala
4. Yeswant Rao Chavan Engineering College in Maharashtra
5. T John Engineering College in Karnataka
6. Marwadi University in Gujarat
7. SRM University in Tamil Nadu
8. Hindustan University in Tamil Nadu
9. LPU in Punjab etc.
HDFC Bank, Mastercard, USAID commit $100-mn credit facility
HDFC Bank, Mastercard and USAID have committed $100-mn credit facility with the aim to expand lending
to small businesses.
Key Points
New credit facility will help small businesses that require financing for maintaining and growing their
operations.
The credit facility will also enable recovery by means of digitisation.
It emphasises on providing support to women-led businesses. 50 percent of the credit facility will be
used to lend such businesses.
This partnership has been designed in a manner that, HDFC Bank will look beyond its existing
customer base. It will provide at least 50 per cent of the credit facility for the new small business
borrowers.
HDFC bank has planned to achieve this goal by using its extensive nationwide branch network.

Mastercard-CII & CAIT collaboration

Mastercard has collaborated with Confederation of All Indian Traders (CAIT) and Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) to provide skills training and education to the owners of small business with their digitisation
options and help them in growing their revenue by means of “Mastercard Centre for Inclusive Growth”.
Mastercard has committed Rs 250 crore for this. DFC and USAID are also facilitating for the extension of
credit facility by de-risking the lending by HDFC Bank to small business owners.
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
USAID is an independent agency working under the United States federal government. The body is
responsible for administering the civilian foreign aid and development assistance. It is one of the largest
official aid agencies across the world. It accounts for about half of all U.S. foreign assistance.
FATF adds Turkey to Grey List; Pak retained
Global terror financing watchdog, Financial Action Task Force (FATF), retained Pakistan on the ‘Grey List of
countries’.
Key Points
This time, the watchdog had added three new countries namely Turkey, Jordan & Mali, to the Grey
List.
As per FATF, there was no question of blacklisting Pakistan for now as Pakistan is cooperating and
only four action items remain to be completed.
FATF asked Pakistan to investigate and prosecute UN-designated terror terrorists like Hafiz Saeed
and Masood Azhar.
It also asked Pakistan to address its strategically important deficiencies.
Background
FATF had retained Pakistan on its ‘Grey List’ in June 2021 as it failed to check money laundering, that lead
to terror financing. Pakistan was first placed on the Grey List in June 2018. Since then, it continues to be in
this list as it fails to comply with the mandates of FATF.
What does inclusion in the list mean?
With the placing on the Grey list, it has become increasingly difficult for Pakistan to get financial aid from
any international institutions like World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Union and Asian
Development Bank (ADB).
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
FATF is an intergovernmental organisation. It was founded in the year 1989 following the initiative of G7
grouping for developing the policies to combat money laundering. FATF mandate was expanded in the year
2001, to include terrorism financing.
Objectives of FATF
The key objectives of FATF include:
1. Setting standards and promote effective implementation of regulatory, legal, and operational
measures to combat terrorist financing, money laundering and other related threats.
2. Generating necessary political will for bringing national legislative and regulatory reforms across
these areas.
UPSC launches helpline for job aspirants
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has launched a toll-free helpline number for job aspirants,
recently.
Highlights
This facility can be used by the government job aspirants belonging to economically weaker sections
and backward classes.

Helpline number will be operational on all the working days in office hours.
This initiative is a part of UPSC’s efforts of undertaking queries of such candidates in a friendly
manner. It is also a part of celebrations under the ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’, commemorating the
75th anniversary of India’s Independence.
Objective of UPSC Helpline
The toll-free number was launched with the objective of helping candidates in filling up application forms or
resolving their queries related to the examinations or recruitments of UPSC. The toll-free number is
“1800118711” and it seeks to assist candidates belonging to Other Backward Classes (OBC), Scheduled
Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) besides the Persons with
Benchmark Disabilities (PwBD).
About UPSC
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is the premier central recruiting agency of India, for central
government public servants. The body is responsible for appointments and examinations for Group A and
Group B posts under civil services cadre as well as defence services cadre of the central government.
UPSC Charter
The charter of UPSC is granted by Part XIV of the Indian Constitution. It is mandated by the Constitution to
make appointments to the Union services and All India Services. It requires government’s opinion in matters
related to the appointment, promotion, transfer and disciplinary matters. It directly reports to the President.
MoRD: 152 SAKSHAM Centres launched under DAY-NRLM
Ministry of Rural Development launched 152 SAKSHAM centres under the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana –
National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM). These centres were launched as a part of Azadi ka Amrit
Mahotsav.
Key Points
About 152 Centre for Financial Literacy & Service Delivery (or SAKSHAM Centres) were
launched across 77 districts in 13 states, during October 4 to 8, 2021.
These centres would act as one stop solution or single window system for the basic financial needs
of Self-Help Group (SHG) households across the rural areas.
Objectives of the centre
These centres were launched with the objective of providing financial literacy and facilitating the delivery of
financial services like credit, savings, pensions, insurance, etc. These facilities will be provided to SHG
members and rural poor.
Who will manage these centres?
These centres will be managed by SHG network, at the level of “Cluster Level Federations (CLFs)”. Trained
Community Resource Persons (CRPs) will also help in maintaining the centres.
Trained Community Resource Persons (CRPs)
Trained CRPs are given six days residential training at the Rural Self Employment Training Institutes
(RSETIs), which are established by the Lead Bank of the district.
SAKSHAM App
This mobile & web-based application has been launched by Ministry of Rural Development. The community
resource person of the Centre will use this application for knowing the penetration of several financial
services for each SHG & village, identifying major gaps as well as for providing training & delivering the
required financial services. Application will also measure the impact of the programme for mid-course
correction in the strategy on regular interval.
NITI Aayog AIM's digi-book- Innovations for You
NITI Aayog’s Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) launched a new digi-book-called “Innovations for You” in a bid to

showcase the success stories of start-ups set up under the Atal Innovation Mission in different domains.
First Edition of the Book
First edition of the book is focused on innovations in Health Care.
It showcases 45 start-ups which have worked to create new, innovative & disruptive products,
services & solutions.
These services and solutions will pave a path for sustainable future in health care sector.
The Digi-book series would soon include other sectors as well.
NITI Aayog’s Digi Book
NITI aayog has launched the DIGI book, as India is celebrating the Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
Digi-book is a compilation of 45 health tech start-ups. These start-ups have been incubated at the
Atal Incubation Centres across the country.
These start-ups have been leveraging technologies such as AI, IoT, ICT and others for providing
socially relevant solutions to health issues like neonatal & child care, mental health, dental care,
anaemia and monitoring human vitals.
Aim of the book
The Digi-book was launched with the aim of serving as an encouragement for upcoming entrepreneurs in
order to work on the path of creativity and imagination for addressing some of the pressing challenges in
India. It also aims to showcase best innovations and entrepreneurs to bring them the forefront.
Significance
This book will showcase how young India is slowly and steadily progressing towards becoming a world-
class leader.
Atal Innovation Mission
It is a flagship initiative by NITI Aayog launched with the aim of promoting innovation and entrepreneurship
culture in India. This mission was launched with the objective of creating an umbrella structure for
revolutionising innovation ecosystem of India.
Nuri: South Korea's First Homegrown Space Rocket
South Korea has launched its first ever space rocket on October 21, 2021. This is the first rocket completely
developed and built in South Korea. However, it failed to successfully deploy a test satellite into orbit.
Highlights
The rocket is called as “Nuri”.
It is a 47-meter rocket that was lifted off, with bright yellow fire shooting from the engines.
The rocket was launched from Naro Space Center, South Korea. This space centre is located on a
small island on the southern coast of South Korea.
About Nuri Spacecraft
Nuri is the South Korea’s first space launch vehicle, that was developed and built completely using the
South Korean technology. It is a three-stage rocket and is powered by five rocket engines for completing its
first and second stages. Another engine is used in the final stage of the rocket. Rocket is designed to carry
a payload of around 1.5 tons to an orbit between 600 to 800 kilometres above Earth.
Why this mission failed?
This mission failed because the third-stage engine stopped burning some 50 seconds earlier than it was
expected. This in turn prevented the payload from reaching its right speed for reaching into the orbit.
Second attempt of the Nuri spacecraft have been planned for May.
Significance of the launch
South Korea was earlier dependent on other countries for launching its satellites since early 1990s. Now it
is trying to become the 10th country to send satellite into space using its own technology.

US List of ‘Countries of concern’ on climate

The United States categorised India as a ‘country of concern’ on climate in the assessment of the American
Intelligence Community in its report called “National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on climate”.
Highlights
India was put in this category along with 10 other countries namely, Afghanistan, Haiti, Colombia,
Myanmar, Pakistan, Iraq, North Korea, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua.
These countries will bear the brunt of global warming such as intensifying & more frequent heat
waves & droughts and water & power scarcity.
As per report, intelligence community has assessed that these countries will face “warming
temperatures, extreme weather, as well as disruption to ocean patterns which will also threaten their
food, water energy, and health security”.
Frequent heat waves and droughts will create water supply volatility and might strain their electric
utility operations, while growing population & economies will increase the electricity demands to
handle rising temperatures.
As per report, frequent and intense cyclones will contaminate water sources and increase vector
populations & diseases they transmit in some of the 11 countries.
Report suggests that, instances of dengue will probably increase in countries like India, Haiti,
Afghanistan, Guatemala, Iraq, Honduras, and Pakistan.
National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) report
This was the first ever “National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on climate”. It was put together by US Office of
the Director of National Intelligence. The IC (Intelligence Community) had identified 11 countries as well as
two regions of concern with respect to threat from climate change.
US successfully tests Hypersonic Missile Technology
The United States has successfully tested the hypersonic missile technology on October 20, 2021.
Highlights
Hypersonic Missile Technology is a new weapons system which is already being deployed by Russia
and China.
The test was conducted at a NASA facility in Wallops, Virginia.
It is a significant step in development of a Navy-designed common hypersonic missile.
This test by US demonstrated advanced hypersonic technologies, prototype systems and capabilities
in a realistic operating environment.
Hypersonic missiles such as traditional ballistic missiles can fly at five times the speed of sound that
is, Mach 5.
These missiles are more manoeuvrable as compared to their ballistic counterparts.
Purpose of the Missile
Missile will be used to trace a low trajectory in atmosphere by making them harder to defend.
China’s Hypersonic Missile
China had conducted a test of Hypersonic Missile with nuclear capacity in August 2021. China’s hypersonic
missile completed a circuit of Earth before landing. However, it missed its target. According to China, it was
a routine test for a spacecraft rather than a missile. China launched hypersonic medium-range missile
called “DF-17” in the year 2019. This hypersonic missile can travel about 2000 kilometres and can carry
nuclear warheads.
Russia’s Hypersonic Missile
Russia also launched a hypersonic missile called the Zircon, recently. It was launched from a submarine. It
also has Avangard Missiles in service since late 2019. The Avangard can travel at a speed up to Mach 27.

October 23, 2021

Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award
The 52nd International Film Festival of India (IFFI) is going to held in Goa from November 20 to November
28, 2021 in which Hungarian filmmaker Istvan Szabo and Hollywood icon Martin Scorsese will be honoured
with “Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award”.
Istvan Szabo
Istvan Szabo is the most notable Hungarian filmmakers. He has been known outside the Hungarian-
speaking world since 1960s.
He achieved his greatest international success with movie called Mephisto (1981). For this, he was
awarded with an Oscar in the best foreign language film category.
Martin Scorsese
He is one of the greatest and most influential directors in film history. He established filmmaking history in
nine films made with Robert De Niro, such as biographical sports drama Raging Bull (1980) and
psychological thriller Taxi Driver (1976). He has also been known for his collaborations with actor Leonardo
DiCaprio. Scorsese directed Leonardo in five films namely, Gangs of New York (2002), The Aviator (2004),
The Departed (2006), Shutter Island (2010) and The Wolf of Wall Street (2013).
52nd International Film Festival of India
52nd International film Festival of India is scheduled to organise from November 20 to November 28, 2021 in
Goa. It will be held in hybrid form like its 51st edition. In the year 2021, to mark the birth centenary of
Satyajit Rai, Directorate of Film Festivals will pay tribute to him by means of a ‘Special Retrospective’. An
award named “Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Cinema, will be given on the
occasion to recognise auteur’s legacy.
Satyajit Ray
He was an Indian film director, documentary filmmaker, scriptwriter, essayist, author, illustrator, lyricist,
magazine editor, calligrapher, and music composer. He is considered as one of the greatest filmmakers of
all time.
Global Threat Assessment report 2021
We Protect Global Alliance recently released its Global Threat Assessment report 2021.
Key findings of the report
The report notes that, Child sexual abuse is a chronically underfunded issue.
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, cases of child sexual exploitation and abuse online have increased.
In the last two years, reporting of child sexual exploitation and online abuse cases has reached its
highest level.
According to “The Internet Watch Foundation”, there is an increase of 77% in child ‘self-generated’
sexual material in between 2019 to 2020. Such instances arose without any apparent external cause.
As per report, currently, 37% children use tools to detect online grooming.
Online Grooming
Online grooming is the situation, in which someone befriends a child online, and builds up their trust in order
to exploit them and cause them harm.
Recommendations made by report
Report suggests following measures to tackle the instances of sexual exploitation and abuse online:
1. Prioritise prevention activities against abuse online
2. Create safe online environments for children
3. Stakeholders, who are having a key role in protecting the children, should work together to improve
the response.
We Protect Global Alliance

We Protect Global Alliance is a global movement of around 200 governments, private sector companies as
well as civil society organisations who are working together to transform the global response to child
sexual exploitation as well as abuse online.
Fourth general assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA)
Fourth general assembly of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) was held virtually between October 18 to
October 21, 2021.
Highlights
Assembly was presided by Union Minister of power, new & renewable energy, R.K. Singh and
President of ISA Assembly.
108 countries participated in the ISA Assembly, including 34 observer & prospective countries and 74
Member Countries.
It was also participated by 23 Partner Organizations and 33 Special Invitee Organisations.
During the meeting countries discussed that how MSME clusters can replace diesel gensets with
hydrogen.
Discussion was focused on how ISA’s waste management programme will be significant for the
growing volume of waste & toxic materials, high cost of waste treatment and lack of waste specific
legislation.
They also discussed an update on One Sun One World One Grid (OSOWOG) initiative. This concept of
a single global grid for solar was proposed at First Assembly of the ISA in 2018.
Two New programme
During the assembly, countries launched two new programmes namely- Management of Solar PV panels &
battery usage waste and Solar Hydrogen programme.
1. Solar Hydrogen Programme: Solar Hydrogen Programme was launched with the aim of enabling the
use of solar electricity in order produce hydrogen at more affordable rate as compared to what is
available currently that is USD 5 per KG. This aim will be achieved by reducing it to USD 2 per KG.
Partnership with Bloomberg Philanthropies
The ISA also announced a partnership with Bloomberg Philanthropies in order to mobilize $1 trillion in
global investments for solar energy among the member countries of ISA. The two organizations will work
with World Resources Institute (WRI) in a bid to develop a “Solar Investment Action Agenda” as well as a
“Solar Investment Roadmap”. Both will be launched at COP26.
ABHYAS: DRDO tests High-Speed Expendable Aerial Target
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully tested the high-speed expendable
aerial target (HEAT) called ABHYAS on October 22, 2021.
Key Points
ABHYAS high-speed expendable aerial target will be used to evaluate several missile systems,
It was tested from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur off the coast of Bay of Bengal in Odisha.
Who developed ABHYAS?
ABHYAS has been designed and developed by the Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) of DRDO,
headquartered in Bengaluru.
About ABHYAS
The flight test of ABHYAS was carried out as a part of developmental flight trials. To produce them, an
expression of interest has already been floated for the Indian industries. This indigenous target aircraft will
meet the requirements of High-speed Expendable Aerial Targets (HEAT) after its development. It is being
developed for the Indian Armed Forces.

Features of ABHYAS
ABHYAS is powered by a gas turbine engine due to which, aircraft will sustain a long endurance flight at a
subsonic speed. This target aircraft has been equipped with MEMS-based Inertial Navigation System (INS)
in order to navigation along with Flight Control Computer (FCC) for guidance and control. It has been
programmed for fully autonomous flight. The check-out of air vehicle is completed through a laptop-based
Ground Control Station (GCS).
Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA)
ADA was established in the year 1984, under the Department of Defence Research and Development (DR&D)
of Ministry of Defence. It looks after the development of India’s Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) programme. It
has already developed HAL Tejas and currently involved in developing HAL AMCA, DRDO Ghatak and HAL
TEDBF.
China's New Education law
China passed its New Education Law on October 23, 2021 with the aim of cutting the “twin pressures” of
homework and off-site tutoring in the core subjects.
Background
This law is new, in series of China’s assertive paternal hand in the year 2021. China took several assertive
moves ranging from:
1. Tackling addiction of youngsters to online games,
2. Deemed a form of spiritual opium
3. Clamp down on blind worship of internet celebrities.
On October 18, 2021, Parliament of China noted that, it will consider legislation for punishing parents if their
young children exhibit “bad behaviour” or “commit crimes”.
About the new law
The new law has made the local governments responsible to ensure that the twin pressures on children are
reduced. It also asks parents to arrange the time of their children to account for reasonable rest and
exercise in order to reduce pressure and avoid overuse of the internet. New law also cut back on homework
and banned after-school tutoring for some major subjects on weekend and holidays.
Other steps by government
In recent months, education ministry of China has limited gaming hours for minors. It only allows them to
play online for one hour on days like Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
Education in China
In China, education is primarily managed by the state-run public education system. It falls under the Ministry
of Education. As per law, all citizens in China are required to attend school for a minimum of nine years
called as “nine-year compulsory education”. Compulsory education is funded by the government.
RBI proposes minimum 11.5% capital for four AIFIs
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) proposed a minimum of 11.5% capital for four all India financial institutions
(AIFI).
Key Facts
This minimum capital was proposed in accordance with Basel III framework for raising the resilience
of AIFI in periods of stress.
Stricter capital norms would be applicable to National Housing Bank, Exim Bank, Small Industries
Development Bank of India and National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development from the fiscal
year 2022.
As per RBI, these institutions should have a minimum total capital at 9% from April 1, 2022 as well as
a minimum capital buffer at 2.5%.

Minimum common equity tier 1 (CET1) capital of these institutions would be 5.5% on the other hand,
minimum tier 1 capital requirement has been proposed at 7%.
These entities are required to adopt standardized approaches for measurement of capital charge for
market risk and credit risk.
RBI also proposes that, the insurance and non-financial subsidiaries, joint ventures or associates of
AIFI, with 10% of common share capital, should not be consolidated for capital adequacy.
Why RBI proposed new norms?
RBI proposed stricter capital norms because, as Indian economy is growing, AIFIs are being considered as a
key institution for promoting the flow of direct or indirect credit to the economic sectors they serve to. Thus,
Basel III Capital framework has been proposed to the AIFIs.
All India Financial Institutions (AIFI)
AIFI is a group comprising of financial regulatory bodies and development finance institutions which play a
significant role in financial markets. They are also known as financial instruments. They assist in proper
allocation of resources, that are sourced from businesses which have a surplus. Financial institutions act as
an intermediary between final lenders and borrowers in order to provide safety and liquidity.
India-UK talks on Infra, Defence
External Affairs Minister of India S Jaishankar and British Foreign Secretary, Liz Truss held talks on
Infrastructure and Defence on October 22, 2021.
Key Points
The talk was focused on infrastructure investment, defence cooperation and security cooperation.
Liz Truss is also expected to announce a series of technological and infrastructure tie-ups with India
for boosting the Indian as well as British economies. These tie-ups will also help the developing
countries to grow in sustainable and clean manner.
Both the ministers also reviewed the “Roadmap 2030” which was launched during India-UK Virtual
Summit on May 4, 2021.
India-UK defence deal
Both the countries also agreed to strengthen cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. They also stressed on the
need of safe and unhindered access for humanitarian aid in Afghanistan.
Significance of the move
Closer ties in the areas like tech and infrastructure will help in creating jobs and brining growth in both the
countries. It will also boost developing world economies and help both the countries in promoting their
values on global stage.
Roadmap 2030
India and the UK unveiled the ambitious 10-year roadmap after a virtual summit between Prime Minister
Narendra Modi and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson. This roadmap seeks to boost cooperation along
the key areas, like defence, security and healthcare. On the occasion, they had also announced an
enhanced trade partnership. Under the trade partnership, they agreed to negotiate a balanced and
comprehensive Free Trade Agreement including an interim trade pact to deliver early gains.
Indian Navy to conduct Offshore Sailing Regatta
To commemorate Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav, Indian Navy is conducting an Offshore Sailing Regatta under
the aegis of Indian Naval Sailing Association (INSA).
Key Points
Offshore Sailing Regatta is being conducted from Kochi to Goa.
In the event, Six Indian Naval Sailing Vessels namely, Tarini, Mhadei, Neelkanth, Bulbul, Kadal Pura
and Hariyal will participate.

The race is scheduled to start from 24th October and will run for a tentative duration of five days.
Sailing vessels would cover an approximate distance of 360 nautical miles between Kochi to Goa.
Aim of the expedition
The expedition is being conducted with the sim of fostering the spirit of adventure and ocean sailing for
participating crew.
Who will sail the vessels?
Each of the six Indian Naval Sailing Vessels, comprising of four 40 footers and two 56 footers, will be
manned by six naval personnel who will be drawn from three Commands of Navy, IHQ MoD (Navy) and the
ANC. Apart from the sailing vessels, Ocean Yachts from Yachting Association of India will also take part in
the event.
Who is organising the event?
The event is being organised by HQSNC and Ocean Sailing Node of Indian Navy, which is located at INS
Mandovi in Goa.
Practice session
Participants of the event have been practicing over the last one month. They have also undergone a Capsule
Course at Kochi in order to hone their skills. Participants from Indian Navy include Captain Atool Sinha,
Captain Vipul Meherishi, Lieutenant Commander Payal Gupta, Lieutenant Commander K Pednekar. They
have won medals in several events at the National level.
India hands over Jaynagar-Kurtha rail link to Nepal
India has handed over 34.9 km long cross-border rail link to Nepal government, that connects Jayanagar in
Bihar to Kurtha in Nepal.
Key Points
The ceremony took place on October 22, 2021 in the presence of Indian ambassador to Nepal Vinay M.
Kwatra and Nepal minister for physical Infrastructure & transport Renu Kumari Yadav.
About Jaynagar-Kurtha Section of rail link
The Jaynagar – Kurtha section of rail link is the part of 68.7 km Jaynagar – Bijalpura- Bardidas rail link. It
was built under the grant assistance programme of Indian government. Under the grant assistance of India,
gauge conversion of 34.9 km narrow gauge has been completed. The project has completed at a cost of Rs
619 crore. It has five stations in the section namely, Jayanagar, Khajuri, Inarwa, Baidehi and Kurtha near
Janakpur in Nepal. The highest fare will likely be Rs 70 for general class and Rs 300 for AC for the entire
journey. The train will run at 115 km per hour and the distance will be covered in 23 minutes.
Significance of the rail link
This operationalised cross-border rail link is likely to enhance trade and commerce activities. It will also
enhance people to people linkage between both the countries.
Jainagar or Jaynagar
It is a town and a notified area in the Madhubani district of Bihar. As per 2011 census, Jainagar had a
population of 1,77,556. Males account for 53% of the population while females account for 47%. The town
has an average literacy rate of 58%.
October 23: Karnataka celebrates Kittur Rani Chennamma Jayanthi
Indian state of Karnataka is celebrating “Kittur Rani Chennamma Jayanthi” on October 23, 2021.
Highlights
On the occasion, Karnataka Chief Minister Basavaraj S Bommai garlanded the statue of Queen in
Hubbali in Dharwad district.
A sum of 50 crore rupees will be sanctioned in the year 2021 for the Kittur Development Authority.

Kittur Chennamma
Kittur Chennamma was born on October 23, 1778. She belonged to the Lingayat community. She married
Raja Mallasarja from the Desai family when she was 15. She was Indian Queen of Kittur which was a
princely state in Karnataka. She led an armed rebellion in the year 1824, against the British East India
Company (BEIC). She rebelled in confrontation of the doctrine of lapse in a bid to maintain Indian control
over the region. In the fight, she defeated the British. However, she was dead in the imprisonment of second
rebellion by BEIC. She was one of the first female rulers who rebel against British rule. She became a folk
hero in Karnataka. She also became a symbol of independence movement in India.
About Kittur
Kittur is a taluka in Belagavi district of Karnataka. It was the part of Bailhongal taluka. On October 23, 2012
it was declared as an independent taluka by the Chief Minister of Karnataka. It is 177th Taluk of the State.
Saudi Green Initiative Forum
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has opened the “Saudi Green Initiative forum” on October 23, 2021.
Key Facts
The forum was launched in Riyadh, along with the announcement of Saudi Arabia’s new “green”
objectives.
The forum will discuss the environmental efforts made by Saudi Arabia with guests including
international personalities and high-profile government leaders.
In this forum, Saudi Arabia also announced the roadmap of Saudi Arabia for protecting environment
and confronting climate change.
It is an annual forum, which will serve as a platform for the launch new environmental initiatives of
the country.
It will also monitor the impact of previously announced environmental initiatives.
Initiatives in energy sector
Saudi Arabia also launched initiatives in the energy sector. These initiatives would reduce carbon
emissions by 278 million tons annually by the year 2030.
Crown price also announced the accession of Saudi Arabia to the Global Methane Pledge. This
pledge was launched with the aim of reducing methane emissions across the globe by 30 percent.
He also announced Saudi Arabia’s intention of joining Global Oceans Alliance, Sports for Climate
Action Agreement, Alliance to Eliminate Plastic Waste in Oceans & Beaches as well as to establish a
global centre for Sustainable Tourism.
Saudi Arabia would also be joining a Non-Profit foundation for exploring the seas and oceans.
Middle East Green Initiative Summit
Saudi Arabia also look forward for joining Middle East Green Initiative Summit. It will be hosted with the aim
of synergizing and coordinating efforts among countries to develop plans for reaching the target under
Middle East Green Initiative.
COP26: Bangladesh to share ‘Climate prosperity plan’
Bangladesh has planned to present its “climate prosperity plan” at the upcoming United Nations climate
talks in Glasgow.
Key Points
Climate prosperity plan will be presented with the aim of mitigating the effects of global warming on
economic development.
This plan will also visualise boosting the renewable energy.
It will make agriculture more resistant to climate shocks.
The plan also seeks to find solutions in nature to challenges created by global warming, like restoring

mangroves for protecting coasts from cyclones.

The South Asian nation, Bangladesh, will also encourage other vulnerable countries as well in drafting
their own plans.
About COP26
26th UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) has been scheduled from October 31 to November 12 in
Glasgow, Scotland. In the conference, representatives from more than 200 countries will gather and discuss
new targets to cut or curb the growth of emissions which contribute to climate change.
Why Bangladesh launched this programme?
In Bangladesh, most of 160 million people are packed into low-lying areas along the Bay of Bengal. This
area is considered as prone to extreme weather, flooding, and loss of farmland due to rising ocean levels.
Thus, to mitigate these challenges, Bangladesh has revealed its plan.
How will Climate Change impact economy?
Bangladesh has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies in Asia. Its GDP had increased to $305
billion in 2019, from $6.2 billion in 1972. Some of the experts expect that, GDP will double in size by 2030.
However, climate change might reverse this trend. The country is at the risk of displacement due to sea
level rise, heat waves, severe floods, and cyclones.
Power ministry: New Rules notified to ensure Sustainability
The ministry of power announced new rules to ensure sustainability in the economic viability of the power
sector.
Key Points
New rules will also ease the financial stress of various stakeholders.
It will also ensure timely recovery of costs incurred in the electricity generation.
It will promote clean energy for ensuring the suitability and meet commitment made by India towards
climate change.
What were the concerns?
Investors and other stakeholders across the power sector had been concerned about the timely recovery of
costs incurred due to change in law and curtailment of renewable power.
Electricity Act, 2003
Ministry has notified new rules under the Electricity Act, 2003. They are in the interest of electricity
consumers and stakeholders. The rules comprise of:
1. Electricity (Timely recovery of costs due to Change in Law) Rules, 2021.
2. Electricity (Promotion of generation from renewable sources of energy by addressing Must Run and
other matters) Rules, 2021.
As per ministry, timely recovery of the costs because of change in law is important because investment in
the power sector depends on timely payments.
Energy transition
The energy transition is happening across the world. India has also made commitments for bringing energy
transition. India also announced international commitment for setting up 175 GW of renewable energy (RE)
capacity by 2022 and 450 GW of energy by 2030.
Significance of new rules
New rules will help in achieving the goal of RE generation. Rules will also help in ensuring that the
consumers get green and clean power. They will also secure a healthy environment for future generation.
October 25, 2021
Goa achieves ODF and Electricity for every household
Information and Broadcasting Minister, Anurag Thakur, recently complimented Goa as it achieved ODF and
Electricity for every household.

Key Points
Goa has also become the first state to provide tap water to every household under the “Har Ghar Jal
Mission”.
Apart from that, Goa achieved 100 per cent target to provide free ration to the poor and needy.
It has also completed 100 per cent first dose of covid-19 vaccination.
What is ODF?
The original ODF protocol was issued in the year 2016. According to it, a city or ward is notified as ODF city
or ward if not a single person is found defecating in the open, at any point of the day. The ODF tag is
provided under Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)
What is ODF+?
ODF+ was launched in August 2018 to scale up and sustain the work that cities have undertaken after
achieving the ODF tag under Phase I of SBM-Urban. Cities that had been given ODF tag at least once, are
eligible for SBM-ODF+ status. A city or ward or work circle can be declared ODF+ if not a single person is
found to be defecating or urinating in open. Furthermore, to get this tag, all community & public toilets are
required to be functional & well-maintained.
What is ODF++?
The ODF++ was launched in August 2018. Those cities or ward or work circle are eligible to get the tag,
which have achieved ODF tag under Phase 1 of the SBM-Urban. However, ODF++ protocol adds one
condition that “faecal sludge/septage and sewage is safely managed & treated and there is no discharging
and/or dumping of untreated faecal sludge/septage in water bodies, drains, or open areas.”
India's first Banni buffalo IVF calf born
On October 23, 2021, India’s first IVF (in-vitro fertilisation) calf of Banni breed of buffaloes was born at a
farmer’s house in Gir Somnath district of Gujarat.
Key Facts
Banni breed of buffalo is found primarily in the Kutch region of Gujarat.
IVC process was carried out in a bid to enhance the number of genetically superior buffaloes for
increasing the milk production.
Banni buffalo, belonging to a dairy farmer, from Dhanej village gave birth to IVF male calf.
How was this process completed?
Embryos of Banni donors were implanted in 18 recipient buffaloes using the IVF technology.
Banni breed had achieved six pregnancies, out of which one calf was born, at the farmer’s firm. More
will be born in few days.
This process was carried out by JKBovagenix of NGO JK Trust which is a social initiative of Raymond
Group.
About Banni buffalo
Banni buffalo are also known as “Kutchi” or “Kundi”. This breed of buffalo is found primarily in Kutch
district of Gujarat.
The word ‘Banni’ is specific to not only the buffaloes but pasture grass species as well, that are native
to this region.
This breed of buffaloes is preserved by a local community of Kutch called the ‘Maldharis’.
Characteristics of Banni buffalo
An average Banni buffalo yields about 12 to 18 litres of milk every day. Thus, they are known for their higher
milk producing capacity as well as resilience in an arid environment. They have a different genetic makeup
as compared to more common breeds, allowing for longer lactation periods & high milk production

potentials.
Study: Life expectancy in India drops by 2 years due to Covid
According to the scientists from a city-based International Institute for Population Studies (IIPS), Covid-19
pandemic has affected the lives of people across the world.
Key Points
As per scientists, in India, covid-19 pandemic has resulted a drop in life expectancy by almost two
years.
Report points out a drop in life expectancy at birth in men as well as women.
In the year 2019, life expectancy at birth was 69.5 years for men while 72 years for women. This is
decreased to 67.5 years for men and 69.8 years for women in the year 2020.
The study also included a factor term called ‘length of life inequality’.
As per study, Covid-19 claimed maximum lives of men among the people aged 39-69.
In the year 2020, the age group 35-79 observed excess deaths due to covid-19 as compared to normal
year.
How is life expectancy calculated?
The life expectancy at birth is calculated based on the average number of years a new-born is expected to
live in case mortality patterns at the time of the birth of infant remain constant in future.
Effect of epidemic on life expectancy
According to the IIPS director, Dr KS James, every time there is some epidemic, the life expectancy at birth
figures changes. For instance, following a HIV-AIDS epidemic in African nations, the life expectancy had
decreased, and once epidemic was brought under control, life expectancy recouped.
Haryana announces Free Education Scheme
Chief Minister of Haryana, Manohar Lal Khattar, announced a free education scheme in state, to boost the
level of education in the state.
Key Facts
Scheme has been announced to those whose verified family income is lower than Rs. 1.80 lakh per
annum.
This announcement was made by CM, while he was interacting with students who have cracked civil
services exam-2020 and JEE advance exam-2021, during a felicitation programme held at Panchkula.
Announcement was made under Haryana’s ‘Super 100 Programme’.
Through this scheme, the state government seeks to ensure that no talented student, belonging to a poor
family, loses a chance to go with his or her dreams.
NEP 2020 in Haryana
As per New Education Policy-2020, the state is setting up institutions wherein education will be
provided from KG to postgraduate levels.
In the initial phase, this arrangement will be made in four universities.
The Kurukshetra University has already started preparations to take admission under “KG to PG
scheme” for the academic session 2021-22.
Digital reforms
Government has also brought digital reforms in a bid to replace human interface across every wing of
the government.
Online teachers transfer policyhas also been initiated under NEP 2020 in Haryana. 90 percent of
teachers are satisfied.
Government has also been making several other reforms to make system paperless, faceless, and

transparent.
National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
NEP 2020 was announced by the Ministry of Education with the aim of transforming Indian education
system for meeting the needs of 21st Century. It seeks to rectify poor literacy & numeracy outcomes related
to primary schools, adopt multi-disciplinary approach, and reduce dropout levels in middle & secondary
schools. It also focuses on reform assessments & exams, and early childhood care.
October 24: United Nations Day
The United Nations Day is observed on October 24, every year since 1948.
Why is this day celebrated?
The day marks the anniversary of the entry of the UN Charter into force in 1945.
What is UN Charter?
The UN Charter is the founding document of the United Nations, which has been working towards
global equality and peace.
With the ratification of this founding document by majority of its signatories, including five permanent
members of the Security Council, the United Nations was officially established in the year 1945.
Since 1948, October 24 has been celebrated as United Nations Day 1971.
On the recommendations of United Nations General Assembly, the day is observed as a public holiday
by the Member States.
History of United Nations
The United Nations was officially established on October 24, 1945, after the UN Charter was ratified by
China, the Soviet Union, France, the United States and the United Kingdom as well as other signatories.
President of United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt had coined the name “United Nations”. He was also the
first to use this name in Declaration by United Nations during Second World War, on January 1, 1942.
Currently, there are 193 Member States and each of them are a member of the UN General Assembly as
well.
When was UN Charter signed?
The UN Charter was signed on June 26, 1945, by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was
not represented at the Conference, signed the charter at later stage and became one among the original 51
Member States.
‘PM Atma Nirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana’- Key Facts
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to visit Uttar Pradesh on October 15, 2021 and launch Pradhan Mantri
Atma Nirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana in Varanasi.
Key Points
Earlier on the same day, he inaugurated nine medical colleges in Uttar Pradesh.
PM is also set to inaugurate several development projects worth more than Rs 5200 crore for
Varanasi.
About Prime Minister Atma Nirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana (PMASBY)
PMASBY is going to be one of the largest pan-India schemes to strengthen healthcare infrastructure across
India. This scheme is being launched in addition to the National Health Mission. It is a central sector
scheme, that targets for building an IT enabled disease surveillance system by means of developing a
network of surveillance laboratories at national, regional, district and block levels.
Objective of PMASBY
PMASBY will be launched with the objective of filling critical gaps in public health infrastructure, with
special focus on critical care facilities & primary care across the urban and rural areas.

Facilities under PMASBY

The scheme will be providing support to 17,788 rural Health and Wellness Centres across 10 High
Focus States.
Under it, around 11,024 urban Health & Wellness Centres will be established across all the States.
Critical care services will be made available through Exclusive Critical Care hospitals, in all the
districts of India having more than 5 lakh population. Remaining districts will be covered by means of
referral services.
People will get access to full range of diagnostic services in Public Healthcare system using a
network of laboratories in India.
Integrated Public Health Labs will be set up under the scheme, in all the districts.
Institutions to be set up under PMASBY
Under PMASBY following institutions would be set up:
A National Institution for One Health
4 New National Institutes for Virology
9 Biosafety Level III laboratories
Regional Research Platform for WHO South-East Asia Region and
5 New Regional National Centre for Disease Control.
SEBI declares state-owned PEC as ‘not fit & proper’
For the first time, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has declared a government-owned
company called “PEC Ltd” as ‘not fit & proper’.
Highlights
PEC Ltd is a 100 per cent government-owned company.
It has been declared ‘as not fit and proper’ as it acted as a broker and carried out illegal trades on
NSEL’s spot exchange platform in between 2010 and 2013.
To give this tag, SEBI studied the role of its management, board, and promoters.
Background
In the past, SEBI has declared entities in high-profile cases involving Sahara India and Financial
Technologies (63 Moons Technologies) as ‘not fit and proper’.
Case of PEC
According to SEBI, PEC has failed to conduct its business in conformity with the standards which are
expected to be maintained by registered securities market intermediaries. The PEC board was managed by
secretary-level officials from “Ministry of Commerce” and it requires the permission from ministry to
conduct its business. Thus, if SEBI is holding PEC not fit and proper, all those who giving permission to
conduct its business are responsible for the same. Further, NSEL was already declared as an illegal
exchange, on which PEC was trading.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
SEBI is the regulatory body for securities & commodity market that works under the jurisdiction of Ministry
of Finance. It was first established in the year 1988 as a non-statutory body to regulate the securities
market. It became an autonomous body & given statutory powers on January 30, 1992, by SEBI Act, 1992.
Standing Committee on IT to examine media ethics
The Standing Committee on Information Technology has decided to review ethical standards in the media
coverage.
Highlights
The standing committee also examines issues related to Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
Committee took this decision after looking at several public complaints in functioning of media.

It will also study the impact of suspension of telecom services and Internet over the last five years in
States like Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, and Delhi in the aftermath of protests against the
governments.
Functioning of the Prasar Bharati Organisation will also be reviewed.
Committee would also take up the issue of “challenges facing Indian film industry”.
Functioning and outreach of Doordarshan Channels and Bureau of Outreach & Communication (BOC)
would also be looked upon by the committee.
Committee will also study the growth and opportunities of community radio stations.
Who heads the committee?
The reconstituted panel us headed by veteran Congress MP Shashi Tharoor.
Functioning of Central Board of Film Certification
The Committee is currently reviewing the functioning of Central Board of Film Certification because,
censorship requires changes with the advent of internet platforms like Netflix and Amazon Prime.
Committee will discuss the issues involved because many films and programmes are being released on
such platforms.
Other subjects to be reviewed
Panel will take up the subject like “Citizens’ data security & privacy” and “Digital Payment & Online
Security measures for data protection”. for review.
Functioning of Unique Identification Authority of India will also be reviewed.
The panel will also review cyber security scenario as well as Information Technology Act of 2000.
IAC Vikrant begins Second Phase of Sea Trials
First indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC) of India, named Vikrant, started its second phase of sea trials on
October 24, 2022, in the backdrop of its planned induction into the Indian Navy by August 2022.
Key Facts
INS Vikrant is a 40,000-tonne aircraft carrier.
It is the largest and most complex warship that is built in India.
It completed a five-day maiden sea voyage in August 2021, successfully.
The warship has been constructed at a cost of Rs 23,000 crores.
With its construction, India joined the select group of countries that have capabilities to build the
state-of-the-art aircraft carriers.
About INS Vikrant
IAC Vikrant has been constructed at a cost of Rs 23000 crores. It is a 40000-tonne aircraft carrier. It will
operate MH-60R multi-role helicopters, MiG-29K fighter jets and MKamov-31 helicopters. It comprises of
more than 2300 compartments and has been designed for a crew of 1700 people. It also comprises of
specialised cabins to accommodate women officers. the aircraft carrier has a top speed of 28 knots & a
cruising speed is of 18 knots. It is having an endurance of around 7,500 nautical miles. Construction of 262
metres long & 62 metres wide carrier was started in 2009. Its height is 59 metres.
Who built the warship?
INS Vikrant has been built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL).
Why was the warship constructed?
INS Vikrant has been constructed as Indian Navy has been focusing on significantly boosting its overall
capabilities considering the growing influence of Chinese military in Indian Ocean Region. Indian Ocean is
considered as the backyard of the Indian Navy and is critical for strategic interests of India.
First Zika virus case reported in U.P
First case of Zika Virus was reported from Kanpur in the state of Uttar Pradesh on October 24, 2021.

What is Zika Virus?

Zika virus is a member of the Flaviviridae virus family. It is spread by daytime-active called named “Aedes
mosquitoes” like A. aegypti and A. albopictus. The name of the virus comes from “Zika Forest of Uganda”
where it was first isolated in 1947. Zika virus shares a genus with dengue, Japanese encephalitis, yellow
fever, and West Nile viruses. The virus is known to present within a narrow equatorial belt from Africa to
Asia since 1950s. In between 2007 to 2016, virus spread across the Pacific Ocean to the Americas. Thus, by
2015-2016, Zika virus became epidemic.
Zika fever
Zika fever or Zika virus disease is caused due to Zika virus. It often causes no or some mild symptoms,
which are like mild form of dengue fever. The virus can spread from a pregnant woman to her baby, which
can result in microcephaly, some birth defects and severe brain malformations.
Treatment for zika virus
There is no specific treatment for the disease. However, paracetamol may help in relieving the symptoms.
Vaccines for the disease
No specific vaccines are available for zika virus disease. However, several vaccines are currently in clinical
trials.
RBI caps NBFC IPO Funding
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a scale-based regulation of non-banking finance companies on
October 22, 2021.
Key Points
RBI’s regulation also comprises of a ceiling on IPO funding per borrower and changes in minimum net
owned fund, capital requirements and classification of non-performing assets.
Under the new framework, RBI has kept a ceiling of Rs 1 crore per borrower to finance subscription of
an initial public offering (IPO).
Overall guidelines will be effective from October 1, 2022, while the instructions related to the ceiling
on IPO funding will come into effect from April 1, 2022.
What changes have been made?
Under the new framework, regulatory structure of non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) will comprise
of four layers based on the size, activity, and perceived riskiness namely top layer, upper layer, middle layer,
and base layer.
RBI’s discussion paper
RBI had also issued a discussion paper on the topic in January 2021 and had opened public comments on
it. In the discussion paper, RBI noted that IPO financing of the individual NBFCs has come under scrutiny.
There is a limit of Rs 10 lakh for banks for IPO financing while there is no such limit for NBFCs.
Sensitive Sector exposure norms
RBI has also proposed sensitive sector exposure norms for the middle and upper layers of NBFCs. NBFCs
will fix board-approved internal limits for SSE for capital market as well as commercial real estate
exposures, separately. A sub-limit within the commercial real estate exposure ceiling will also be fixed
internally to finance land acquisition.
Australia: In-principal support for net zero by 2050
Australian Cabinet is set to consider conditions that junior coalition partner of government has placed on
committing to the target of zero net carbon emissions by 2050.
Key Facts
In-principal support of the Nationals party for the target was agreed at a meeting on October 24,
2021.

This support is significant for Australia as the Prime Minister Scott Morrison wants to take a more
ambitious plan for reducing Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions, in the backdrop of UN summit in
Glasgow, Scotland.
Emissions in Australia
Reducing emissions in Australia is a politically fraught issue. Australia is among world’s largest exporters
of coal and liquified natural gas. It is also one of the world’s worst greenhouse gas emitters per capita due
to its heavy reliance on coal-fired power.
Australia’s pledge on Paris deal
Australia has not moved from its 2015 pledge at Paris climate summit, to reduce emissions by 26%-28% by
2030, well below 2005 levels.
The Glasgow Summit
The Glasgow Summit is also known as COP26. The summit is due held from October 31, 2021, to November
12, 2021. The summit will assess progress made by countries in accordance with the Paris climate deal to
limit warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius. This summit is the third meeting of the parties to Paris
Agreement (CMA2) and 26th Conference of the Parties (COP)” to the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
United Nations Climate Change Conference
United Nations Climate Change Conference are held under the framework of United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), yearly. Conferences are held to assess progress in dealing with
climate change as well as to negotiate the Kyoto Protocol.
Indian Telegraph Right of Way (Amendment) Rules, 2021
Indian government notified “Indian Telegraph Right of Way (Amendment) Rules, 2021” on October 22, 2021,
for incorporating provisions related to nominal one-time compensation.
Highlights
The rules also seek to incorporate “uniform procedure for establishing overground telegraph line in
Indian Telegraph Right of Way Rules, 2016”.
Rules have also fixed the amount of one-time compensation for establishing overground telegraph
line will at a maximum of Rs 1,000 per km.
Documentation for Right of Ways (RoW) application for overground telegraph line has also been made
simple.
Earlier, RoW Rules were only covering underground optical fibre cable (OFC) and mobile towers.
As per notification, there will not be any other fee other than administrative fee and restoration
charges to establish, maintain, repair, work, repair, shift or transfer the underground and overground
telegraph infrastructure.
How has it eased permission procedures?
These amendments will ease permission procedure related to RoW for establishing and augmenting digital
communications infrastructure in India. With a robust pan India digital infrastructure, new rules will also
help in bridging the digital divide between rich & poor and rural & urban areas.
E-governance
New rules have a provision of strengthening e-governance and financial inclusion. It seeks to bring in ease
of doing businesses. It will also fulfil the information & communication needs of citizens & enterprises.
Right of Way (RoW) in telecommunication
RoW is the legal right, allowing online filing of application. Basically, this is a framework for setting up
telecom towers, laying fibre cables, settling disputes, and improve coordination among companies.

October 26, 2021

China adopts New Border Law
For the first time, China has enacted a national law on “protection and exploitation” of country’s land border
areas.
Key facts
Timing of the new border law is significant as China continues to be at loggerheads with India across the
Line of Actual Control (LAC), separating both the countries.
Aim of the law
As per Chinese media, the new law has been enacted with the aim of maintaining national security and
managing border-related matters at the legal level amid the regional tensions”.
About the New Border Law
The new border law will come into effect from January 1, 2022. It mandates People’s Liberation Army
(PLA) of China to counter any “invasion, encroachment, infiltration, [or] provocation” across the land
borders of China.
The law also provides a legal framework for hard border closures, if needed.
The law requires the Chinese government to take measures for “strengthening border defence,
supporting economic & social development and opening-up in border areas”.
It also calls for improvements in public services and infrastructure in border areas in a bid to
“encourage and support people’s life and work there”.
How will the law impact India?
The Chinese law has been enacted in the backdrop of regional tensions across its border with India. As per
reports, this law has a wide ambit with respect to border affairs. It clarifies government responsibilities,
leadership system, and military tasks in territorial border work. China shares the land borders of around
22,000 km with 14 countries, along which disputes arising because of mismatch between its historical
perception and ground realities of its territories. India shares a 3,488 km border with China, extending from
Arunachal Pradesh to Jammu & Kashmir. The border with India is not fully demarcated. However, process of
clarifying & confirming the LAC is in progress.
UN warns of Afghan Food Crisis
The World Food Programme (WFP) has warned that, tens of millions of Afghans, including children, could
die of starvation if urgent action is not taken.
Key Facts
WEP is calling to release the frozen funds without delay to provide humanitarian aid.
Around 22.8 million people, accounting for half of entire population of Afghanistan, are facing an
acute food crisis.
This figure is greater than 14 million, which was reported in August 2021, before Taliban took over.
As per WEP, around 220 million U.S. dollars would be required as winter nears, to meet the food
demand.
World Food Programme (WFP)
WEP is the food-assistance wing of the United Nations. It is the world’s largest humanitarian organization,
focusing on hunger and food security. The organisation is also the largest provider of school meals. It was
established in 1961 and is headquartered in Rome. It has also set up offices in 80 countries. As of 2019,
WFP served 97 million people across 88 countries. It is an executive member of the United Nations
Development Group, which is a consortium of UN entities working with the aim of fulfilling the 17
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Its primary priority is to achieve SDG 2 for “zero hunger” by 2030.

Functions of WFP
Apart from emergency food relief, WFP provides technical assistance and development aid, like:
1. Building capacity for emergency preparedness & response
2. Managing supply chains & logistics
3. Promoting social safety programs, and
4. Strengthening resilience against climate change.
It also provides direct cash assistance & medical supplies as well as provides passenger services for
humanitarian workers.
Saudi Arabia launches National Infrastructure Fund
Saudi Arabia launched a “National Infrastructure Fund” on October 25, 2021 to invest 200 billion Riyals in
projects over the next decade.
Highlights
National Infrastructure Fund will invest in water, transportation, energy, education, health, digital
infrastructure, and communication.
The fund will finance privatized infrastructure projects as well as create investment opportunities for
these projects.
It will provide innovative financing solutions, which in turn contribute towards enhancing the
attractiveness of investment opportunities.
It will also contribute to development of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and will help in creating job
opportunities.
Why was this fund created?
The fund was created as Saudi Arabia has been striving to diversify its economy. It seeks to reduce its
dependence on oil by empowering the private sector & by offering different economic initiatives. This fund
will contribute to achieving the goal of Saudi’s Vision 2030 by promoting projects.
Which organisation manage the fund?
The National Infrastructure Fund was launched by National Development Fund (NDF). It was launched after
the Council of Ministers approved it as a subsidiary development funds and banks of NDF. NDF will manage
this fund along with its system comprising of 11 development funds & banks.
Aim of the fund
The National Infrastructure Fund was created with the aim of contributing towards development of financial
sector by finding alternative solutions for financing infrastructure projects. It will also encourage the private
sector to invest in all these projects.
National Development Fund
This fund was established in 2017, to advance the performance of development funds and banks in Saudi
Arabia. It empowers the development funds and banks to fulfil development priorities and economic
obligations related to Vision 2030 of the kingdom.
Govt to set up panel for National Employment Policy
The central government has planned to set up a committee for National Employment Policy (NEP), which
seeks to create a roadmap for improving job opportunities in India.
Highlights
The committee will comprise of representatives from Ministry of labour and other ministries.
It will also include prominent people from industry.
It will be a high-powered committee, of which views and recommendations will be taken.
National Employment Policy (NEP)
The NEP seeks to create a sector-wise strategy to improve the potential of job creation by pulling

investments towards employment-intensive sectors, attracting new industries by creating an enabling

environment and by policy interventions. It will be created based on data from five all-India labour surveys
and E-Shram portal for facilitating evidence-based policymaking to generate employment. Following the
consultations, it will be sent for cabinet approval.
AQEES survey
The first All-India Quarterly Establishment-based Employment Survey (AQEES) was launched in September
2021, for the April-June 2021 quarter. This survey is conducted by Labour Bureau, an office of Ministry of
Labour & Employment. As per Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), unemployment rate had
touched a record high of 23.52%, in April 2020. During April-June 2020-21 quarter, around 121 million jobs
were lost, the highest ever monthly job loss on record since it started compiling employment data.
E-Shram Portal
Labour Ministry had launched the E-Shram portal on August 26, 2021. The platform registers an estimated
380 million informal & unorganised workers like construction workers, street vendors, domestic workers, gig
& platform workers, agricultural & migrant workers, and other unorganised workers. This portal will facilitate
the implementation of policies for unorganised sector. Portal will help in monitoring and supervising
government policies as well as ensure that benefits reach the targeted group.
UN on Iran's Death Penalty
A human rights expert from United Nations has described the Iran’s Death penalty as “an arbitrary
deprivation of life”.
Key Points
UN described that the executions carried out in Iran is often used as a political tool. The death
penalty is often imposed on arbitrary and vague grounds.
UN asked Iran to reform laws and abolish the death penalty.
As per expert, three criminal charges are used to target peaceful demonstrators and political
opponents namely- corruption on earth, armed rebellion, and waging war against God.
What is the issue with Iran’s death penalty?
In the fourth annual report on human rights in Iran, UN expert briefed that, practice in Iran of imposing death
penalty to children is “extremely disturbed”. Iran is one of few countries that continues this practice, even
though international law prohibits such practices. Apart from that, there are other key human rights
concerns in Iran such as- discrimination against religious, ethnic & sexual minorities, dire conditions inside
prisons and repression of civic space.
Capital punishment in Iran
Capital punishment, also called as death penalty, is a legal penalty in Iran. Crimes on which capital
punishment is imposed include murder, child molestation, rape, drug trafficking, kidnapping, paedophilia,
armed robbery, kidnapping, burglary, terrorism, prohibited sexual relations, incestuous relationships,
fornication, sodomy, prostitution, sexual misconduct, adultery etc. Laws are established by the Islamic
Consultative Assembly in Iran. These laws must be consistent with the Sharia laws.
National Steering Committee for implementation of the NIPUN Bharat Mission
On October 25, 2021, a National Steering Committee (NSC) has been formed to implement NIPUN Bharat
Mission.
NIPUN Bharat Mission
NIPUN stands for “National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy”.
This mission was launched by the “Department of School Education and Literacy” in July 2021.
Mission was launched with the aim of achieving the goal of universal proficiency in foundational
literacy & numeracy in accordance with the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020).

NEP 2020 envisages to provide universal proficiency in foundational literacy & numeracy to every
child by end of Class 3 by 2026-27.
National Steering Committee (NSC)
Government has established the “National Steering Committee” to implement NIPUN Bharat mission.
Committee will be chaired by Union Education Minister, Dharmendra Pradhan. Minister of State for
Education, Annapurna Devi will act as the vice-chairperson.
Objective of the committee
National Steering Committee has been established with the objective to oversee the progress of “National
Mission on Foundational Literacy & Numeracy”. Committee will also provide guidance on policy issues and
help in achieving the desired target in 2026-27. It will also review programmatic and financial norms in a bid
to ensure that they are synchronised with targets to be achieved.
Function of NSC
One of the responsibilities of NSC is to disseminate tools for measuring yearly progress in the form of
guidelines. It also seeks to develop assessment methodology to analyse the progress & provide feedback to
States & UTs.
Members of NSC
Other members of the NSC include- Secretary of School Education & Literacy; Director of NCERT; Secretary
of Education, Karnataka; Secretary Education, Uttar Pradesh; Director SCERT Sikkim and Director SCERT
Gujarat.
PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission on October 25,
2021, in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
Key Points
This scheme is of worth Rs 5000-crore and is India’s largest scheme launched to scale-up health
infrastructure.
The mission was launched to improve the public health infrastructure in urban as well as rural areas.
It will work in addition to the National Health Mission.
About Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission
The Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission was announced by PM. It is expected to extend support
to 17,788 rural Health & Wellness Centres across 10 high focus states. Under the scheme, 11,024 urban
Health & Wellness Centres will be established. The mission will be launched with the aim of strengthening
the critical healthcare network in India.
Objective of Mission
This mission was launched with the objective of filling critical gaps in public health infrastructure. It will
bridge the gap between critical care facilities and primary care across urban and rural areas.
Second aspect of mission
Second aspect of the Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission is related to “testing network for
diagnosis of diseases”. Necessary infrastructure will be developed under the mission for the diagnosis and
monitoring of diseases. Under it, 730 districts in India will get Integrated to Public Health labs. Apart from
that, 3 thousand blocks will be provided Block Public Health Units.
Scheme will investigate the expansion of existing research institutions that are studying pandemics. It will
also help in strengthening 80 Viral Diagnostic and research labs. It will also set up “WHO regional research
platform for South Asia” in a bid to strengthen this network.

67th National Film Awards presented

Vice President M Venkaiah Naidu presented the 67th National Film awards on October 25, 2021.
Highlights
51st Dadasaheb Phalke Award was conferred to actor Rajinikanth.
Manoj Bajpayee, Kangana Ranaut and Dhanush were conferred with acting honours.
Best Feature Film award was given to Priyadarshan’s Malayalam period epic named ‘Marakkar: Lion
of the Arabian Sea’.
Best Hindi Film Award was presented to Chhichhore movie, starring the late Sushant Singh Rajput.
About 67th National Film awards
67th National Film awards were announced in March 2021 however, they were honoured the best in cinema
in the year 2019. Awards were postponed due to the covid-19 pandemic.
National Film Awards
It is the most prominent film award ceremony, held in India. It was established in the year 1954. It has been
administered since 1973, along with Indian Panorama and International Film Festival of India by the
Directorate of Film Festivals of Indian government.
How are entries selected?
Government appoints a national panel every year to select the winning entry. Award ceremony is held in
New Delhi and the President of India conferred the awards to winning entries. After that, National Film
Festival is inaugurated where award-winning films are screened for public. Awards are declared for films
produced in previous year and they hold distinction of awarding merit to the best of Indian cinema. Awards
are also presented for the best films in each region and language of India.
India-Sweden celebrate Innovation Day
India and Sweden celebrated the 8th Innovation Day on October 26. During the online event they discussed
several aspects of climate change and possible solutions to bring in green transition.
Highlights
The one-day event was divided into nine parts for discussing several aspects of climate change. Both
sides also discussed possible solutions to initiate green transition.
In the session, they also exchanged the ideas for implementing digital technology and Artificial
Intelligence in order to introduce climate-friendly solutions.
Theme of the event
The online event was organised under the theme ‘Accelerating India Sweden’s Green Transition’.
Who was the host?
India Sweden Innovation Day was hosted by “India Unlimited” in collaboration with the Embassy of India in
Sweden, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Sweden-India Business Council.
India–Sweden relations
The bilateral relation between India and Sweden is historic. Sweden is among the countries that recognised
India’s independence from the United Kingdom in the year 1947. Both the countries established their formal
diplomatic relations in 1949. India has established an embassy in Stockholm. On the other hand, Sweden
established an embassy in New Delhi. Sweden also established honorary consulates in Kolkata, Chennai,
and Mumbai.
People to People tie
Around 10000 Indian citizens are living and work in Sweden. There are also around 9000 persons of Indian
origin. Both the groups are employed in business or professional fields.
Background
Relation between Sweden and India dates to 8th century CE and the era of Vikings. During archaeological

excavations of an 8 th century Viking ship in 1954, in Sweden, a small bronze Buddha statuette was
discovered. Statue is thought to have been made around 5th century CE, in present-day Kashmir.
UDAN 4.1: First direct flight on Shillong-Dibrugarh route
Union Civil Aviation Minister, Jyotiraditya Scindia, inaugurated the first direct flight on Shillong–Dibrugarh
sector on October 26, 2021.
Key Points
This flight was made operational under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) Ude Desh Ka Aam
Naagrik (UDAN).
In September 2021, Shillong airport witnessed more than 5000 passengers.
Why connectivity to Shillong is significant?
Shillong is one among the highest & wettest places of the world. It is important not only for India but for the
entire world. It has always been known as Scotland of East because of presence of rolling hills, tallest
waterfalls, caves, beautiful landscapes as well as its rich heritage & culture. The place attracts tourists from
entire world. This, it is necessary to improve connectivity there.
Which airline will work on this route?
Indigo won the bidding for Shillong – Dibrugarh route during the UDAN 4 bidding process. It will deploy its
78-seater ATR 72 aircraft to the route. Under the UDAN scheme, around 389 routes and 62 airports have
been operationalized.
About UDAN 4.1
UDAN 4.1 scheme was launched in 2020. Under this phase, 78 new routes were approved under this phase,
to enhance connectivity across remote & regional areas in India. Under this route, it was planned to connect
Agatti, Kavaratti, and Minicoy islands of Lakshadweep. It focuses on connecting smaller airports, special
helicopters, and seaplane routes.
About UDAN Scheme
Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik (UDAN) was launched in the year 2016, as a regional connectivity scheme by the
Ministry of Civil Aviation. It is an innovative scheme that was launched to develop regional Aviation market.
Its main objective is to create affordable, economically viable and profitable flights across the regional
routes.
Chhattisgarh: National Tribal Dance Festival to be held
National Tribal Dance Festival will be held in Raipur from October 28 to October 30.
Highlights
The festival will be held at Science College Ground, under the Tourism Development plan of
Chhattisgarh government.
It is a three-day National Tribal Dance Festival.
Festival will witness participation of Tribal Dance Groups from several states and union territories of
India.
International participants will also take part in the festival, portraying and celebrating the tribal folk
culture of their respective country.
Which countries are taking part?
National Tribal Dance Festival will feature multiple artists belonging to diverse tribal communities from
different parts of India. Artists from countries like Kingdom of Eswatini, Nigeria, Uzbekistan, Uganda, Sri
Lanka, Mali, Syria, and Palestine will also take part in the event.
Significance of the festival
The festival will promote and celebrate the uniqueness of tribal culture. It will also showcase the richness
and diversity of tribal life across Chhattisgarh and other areas of India & world.

Dance performances
The dance performances in the event will be held in two categories namely, Wedding Ceremonies and Other
Prominent Rituals.
First edition of the festival
First edition of the National Tribal Dance Festival was organised in the year 2019. It witnessed the
participation of tribal communities from 25 states of India along with six guest countries. Around 1 lakh
people attended the event.
Tribes in Chhattisgarh
In Chhattisgarh, areas such as Dantewada, Bastar, Bilaspur, Koriya, Korba, Gariabandh, Dhura, Mainpur,
Surguja, Dhamtari, Jashpur have significant tribal populations. They have their own distinctive history,
traditions and culture.
October 27, 2021
PM Modi to attend G-20 Leaders’ Summit-2021
At the two-day G-20 Summit, starting from October 30 in Italy, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected to
direct a united global approach to deal with the situation in Afghanistan and combating challenges of
climate change & covid-19 pandemic.
Highlights
The prime minister is set to travel Rome to attend 16th G-20 Summit and Glasgow to attend World
Leaders’ Summit of COP-26, from October 29 to November 2.
Modi will participate in16th G-20 Summit in Rome from October 30-31, accepting the invitation of
Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi.
Italy is holding the presidency of G-20 since December 2020.
About G-20
G-20 is a leading global forum that brings together the major economies of the world.
Members of the grouping account for more than 80 per cent of the World’s GDP, 60 percent of the
world’s population and 75 per cent of global trade.
It holds meeting every year since 1999 and a yearly summit since 2008.
G-20 has become a premier global forum for international economic cooperation.
Rome Summit
Heads of state and government of G-20 member countries, European Union and other invited
countries & international organisations will be attending the G-20 summit.
G-20 leaders will deliberate on several key challenges like climate change, covid-19 pandemic and
overcoming poverty & inequality across the world.
They will also discuss the situation in Afghanistan.
What is expected from India?
Prime Minister Modi is expected to present India’s perspective for combating the key challenges
facing the world.
He is also expected to call for a united approach for situation in Afghanistan and deal with covid-19
pandemic & climate change.
This is the eighth G-20 summit that PM Modi would be attending.
Theme of the summit
Rome summit has been centred around the theme “People, Planet, Prosperity”. It focuses on areas of
recovery from covid-19 pandemic and strengthening the health governance across the world.
Culture Ministry launches podcast on Freedom movement
As a part of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav to celebrate 75 years of Independence, Union Minister of Culture &
Tourism G. K. Reddy launched “Amrit Mahotsav Podcast”.

Key Points
Ministry of culture is organising Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav for celebrating 75 years of Independence.
“Amrit Mahotsav Podcast” series is a tribute to the persons and movements that significantly
contributed to freedom struggle of India.
Zara Yaad Karo Qurbani
Zara Yaad Karo Qurbani is the first series of the newly launched podcast. It went live with an episode based
on Indian National Army (or Azad Hind Fauj). In the series, new episodes will be added on weekly basis. The
series is only befitting to salute these heroes by remembering their stories of courage and valour.
Significance of the series
Zara Yaad Karo Qurbani series hopes to fulfil the purpose of sensitizing the audience for challenges and
struggles faced by those who fought for India’s Independence. It also seeks to instil nationalistic pride and
serve as an inspiration for those who are listening.
Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav
Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav was launched 75 weeks before August 15, 2022. It will continue till August 15,
2023. While launching the event, Prime Minister had reiterated five pillars as guiding forces to move forward
namely, Freedom Struggle, Achievements at 75, Ideas at 75, Actions at 75 and resolves at 75.
Vigilance Awareness Week 2021
The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is observing the “Vigilance Awareness Week 2021” from October
26 to November 1, 2021.
Key Facts
The awareness campaign is being observed to mark the respect to Sardar Vallabhai Patel on his birth
anniversary on October 31.
Aim of the week
The week is being observed with the aim of raising the concern of growing threat of corruption and its
consequences.
Significance of the week
The week is significant because, vigilance and awareness are the growing need of developing nations that
are focusing on societal upgradation and undergoing transformation.
Theme of the week
The CVC is observing this week with a theme of “self-reliance and integrity”. It revolves around the idea of
making each citizen self-reliant. It seeks to protect the integrity of nation by raising awareness about its
anti- corruption rules and regulation among all the stakeholders which in turn lead to a progressive change
in the society.
Responsibilities of citizen
As a citizen, it becomes our responsibility to adhere to this theme and preserve integrity of our nation by
highlighting & reporting the malpractices within our system. We must report such practices to the central
vigilance commission via email because it lodges complaints against central government employees as
well as keeps identity of the person secret under Public Interest Disclosure & Protection of Informer
Resolution.
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
CVC is an apex Indian governmental body, that was established in 1964 for addressing the governmental
corruption. It was given statutory status in 2003, by an act of Parliament. It is an autonomous body and free
of control from any executive authority.

PM Modi to attend 16th East Asia Summit virtually

Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to virtually attend the 16th East Asia Summit on October 27, 2021.
Key Facts
He will also be attending the 18th ASEAN-India Summit on October 28, 2021.
It will be the ninth ASEAN-India Summit that PM will attend.
Sultan of Brunei had invited him to attend this summit.
Summit will “review the status of ASEAN-India Strategic Partnership”.
In the summit, leaders will also review the progress made in key areas like Trade & Commerce,
Connectivity, Education, Culture and COVID-19 & Health.
East Asia Summit
East Asia Summit is a regional forum, inaugurated in 2005.
The summit is held annually by the leaders of 16 nations which are part of East Asian, South Asian,
Southeast Asian, and Oceanian regions, on the basis of ASEAN Plus Six mechanism.
The summit includes ten ASEAN members namely, Brunei, Indonesia, Cambodia, Malaysia, Laos,
Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore.
Other members of the summit are India, Japan, China, Australia, the Republic of Korea, the United
States, New Zealand, and Russia.
India is the founding member of East Asia Summit and has committed to enhance the strength and
increase the efficiency of this forum.
Agenda of the meeting
During the event, leaders are expected to make several declarations like on Economic recovery
through tourism & green recovery and Mental Health.
They will also exchange their views on issues like security, terrorism, and COVID-19.
Significance of the forum
The East Asia Summit is an important platform to further the practical cooperation in Indo-Pacific by
building the convergence between Indo-Pacific Ocean’s Initiative (IPOI) and ASEAN Outlook on Indo-Pacific
(AOIP).
India-Kyrgyzstan hold First Strategic Dialogue
On October 26, 2021, India and Kyrgyzstan held their first strategic dialogue in New Delhi.
Key Points
During the summit, both the countries agreed to enhance security & defence cooperation.
The cooperation seeks to address common threats and challenges faced by them.
Both, India & Kyrgyzstan, are facing threat and challenges due to situation in Afghanistan.
They also held discussions on regional security environment with special reference to Afghanistan.
Both agreed upon steps for enhancing bilateral security cooperation among relevant bodies, such as
fields of counterterrorism, narcotics control, combating radicalisation, and defence cooperation.
India-Kyrgyzstan Relations
India shares close relations with Central Asia, especially with the countries that were part of ancient Silk
Route, including Kyrgyzstan. Both had limited political, economic, and cultural ties. In the year 1985, former
Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi visited Bishkek and Issyk Kul Lake. India established diplomatic relations with
Kyrgyzstan in 1992 after the independence of Kyrgyzstan on August 31, 1991. India set up resident Mission
in 1994.
Political relations
India’s political relations with Kyrgyz Republic is traditionally warm and friendly. Leaderships of Kyrgyz have
been supportive of India’s stand on Kashmir. They have also welcomed the ongoing peace process. It also

supported India’s bid for permanent seat at the United Nations Security Council as well as full membership
in Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
Common Concerns
Both countries share common concerns like threat of terrorism, drug-trafficking, and extremism. They have
also signed several framework agreements like on Culture, Trade & Economic Cooperation, Investment
Promotion & Protection, Civil Aviation, Avoidance of Double Taxation, etc.
'Swasth Mahila, Swasth Goa' Initiative
Swasth Mahila, Swasth Goa initiative was launched by “YouWeCan Foundation” in Goa.
Highlights
The initiative was launched by YouWeCan foundation which is run by international cricket icon and
humanitarian Yuvraj Singh.
For this purpose, the foundation has partnered with SBI foundation, and state government of Goa.
Under the initiative, free breast cancer screening will be done using “iBreast devices”.
Around 1 lakh women will be screened over a period of two years.
Initiative would ensure that, 50 percent of the eligible female population in Goa is screened.
Who funds the initiative?
The Swasth Mahila, Swasth Goa initiative is funded by “Indian Institute of Banking & Finance” as well as SBI
Foundation.
How women will be treated?
Under the initiative, free treatment will be provided for all the positive cases. For treating them, government
of Goa will also extend its support.
Included health centres
Breast cancer screening will be conducted across 35 Health Centres in Goa. For this purpose, 20 iBreast
devices will be deployed. 10 will be deployed in North Goa while 10 in South Goa.
iBreast Exam (iBE)
iBreast Exam will be used to screen under the initiative. It is a non-invasive, fully wireless, hand-held,
mHealth point-of-care solution to detect breast lesion. iBE has shown high sensitivity and specificity for
detecting non-palpable lesions at initial stage.
YouWeCan foundation
It is an Indian non-profit organization, established in 2012 by Yuvraj Singh. It is dedicated to fight cancer. It
focuses on four key areas namely awareness on cancer, its screening, treatment support, and
empowerment of survivor.
WHO seeks clarifications from Bharat Biotech on Covaxin
According to World Health Organisation (WHO), additional clarifications from manufacturer are required to
conduct final Emergency Use Listing (EUL) risk-benefit assessment for using Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin
globally.
Key Points
Technical advisory group are now scheduled to meet on November 3 for final assessment.
Bharat Biotech has been submitting data on rolling basis to the WHO. It also submitted additional
information at the request of UN health body on September 27.
Technical Advisory Group for Emergency Use Listing (TAG-EUL)
TAG-EUL is an independent advisory group. It provides recommendations on whether Covid 19 vaccine can
be listed for emergency use or not under the EUL procedure. It submits report to WHO.
About Covaxin
Covaxin is the first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine of India. It is developed by Hyderabad-based Bharat

Biotech in association with Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The vaccine is 77.8 per cent
effective against symptomatic covid-19 while 65.2 per cent against Delta variant. It is an inactivated virus-
based covid-19 vaccine
How was this vaccine developed?
Covaxin uses a traditional technology, like inactivated polio vaccine. In initial phase, sample of SARS-CoV-2
was isolated by National Institute of Virology, India. Sample was used to grow large quantities of the virus
through vero cells. Later, viruses were soaked in beta-propiolactone to deactivate them by getting attached
to their genes. Lastly, inactivated viruses are mixed with aluminium-based adjuvant Alhydroxiquim-II.
Which vaccines have been approved by WHO?
So far, WHO has approved Covid-19 vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson & Johnson-Janssen,
AstraZeneca-SK Bio/Serum Institute of India, Sinopharm and Moderna for emergency use.
Indian-origin Leader becomes Canada's new Defence Minister
On October 26, 2021, Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau reshuffled his cabinet. He has appointed
Indian-origin Canadian politician Anita Anand as new Defence Minister of Canada.
Key Points
Prime Minister reshuffled his cabinet after his Liberal Party returned to power in snap polls,
Furthermore, there were calls for major military reforms. Public and political leaders are putting
pressure on Canadian military to change its culture and create a system for preventing and
managing sexual misconduct allegations.
Anita Anand (54-year-old) will replace Indian-origin Harjit Sajjan.
Harjit Sajjan is a long-term defence minister who was criticized for handling the military sexual
misconduct crisis. Though, there are some reports that, Sajjan has been given charge as Minister of
International Development Agency.
Why Anita Anand has been appointed?
As per Defence industry experts, Anita Anand is a strong contender for this position. This move will send a
strong signal to the survivors and victims of military sexual misconduct. On this issue, government is
serious about imposing critical reforms. She also holds a strong background as a corporate lawyer. She has
served extensively on corporate governance in line with the rules and laws of managing operations of
businesses.
Vote share
Anita Anand was declared winner in Oakville, with 46 per cent vote share. She was first elected as a rookie
Member of Parliament in 2019, to represent Oakville in Ontario province. She also worked as procurement
minister during the Covid-19 pandemic. Later, she was given charge of securing Covid-19 vaccines for
Canada. and was often on the campaign trail with Trudeau. She played a very public
India-ADB sign PRF loan to support Urban Mobility in Mizoram
The Government of India and Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed a $4.5 million project readiness
financing (PRF) loan on October 26, 2021.
Key Points
The loan agreement will support project preparation and design activities for improving urban
mobility in capital city, Aizawl in the state of Mizoram.
PRF supports the development of long-term solutions for improve urban mobility by identifying high-
priority urban transport investments in Aizawl.
It will help in ensuing project and enhancing its readiness by extending support to due diligence and
preparatory activities.

Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP)

Under PRF, a Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) will be developed for Aizawl. The plan outlines the urban
transport development strategy. It also helps in building synergies with urban development planning
initiatives. The plan further promotes climate & disaster resilience as well as gender inclusiveness in its
interventions.
Significance of the loan
Aizawl is the centre of administrative and service industry of Mizoram. But Urban mobility in Aizawl is
severely constrained because of rapid and unplanned urbanization. This led to traffic congestion on narrow
road widths. It impacts road safety, movement efficiency of people & goods as well as environmental
sustainability. Thus, this project is significant as it seeks to resolve the transport problems in city by
adopting sustainable urban mobility solutions.
How PRF will help?
The PRF loan will help in conducting feasibility studies to prioritize projects that are identified in the CMP. It
will prepare detailed project reports and detailed design for the project.
India Post Payments Bank and HDFC joined hands to offer home loans
India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) and HDFC bank has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for
offering home loans to about 4.7 crore customers of the payments bank.
Key Facts
IPPB, that leverages its country-wide network of 650 branches and more than 1,36,000 banking
access points or Post offices, aims to make home loan products of HDFC available to its customers
in India.
This partnership was signed with the aim of facilitating HDFC’s home loans in unbanked and
underserved areas, where there is little or no access to finance. This in turn will help in fulfilling the
dream of people of owning a home.
IPPB will offer housing loans through around 1,90,000 banking service providers like Postmen and
Gramin Dak Sevaks.
Under the MoU; HDFC will be handling credit, technical & legal appraisals as well as processing &
disbursement for all home loans while IPPB will be handling the sourcing of loans.
Significance of the tie-up
This tie-up will facilitate financial inclusion. Financial inclusion can only be achieved by enabling access to
credit to a significant chunk of customers who do not have access to a bank or a financial institution to
provide housing loans in their vicinity.
Aim of the tie-up
The partnership between HDFC & IPPB aims to make housing loans available and accessible, by means of a
digitally enabled agent banking channel.
India Post Payments Bank (IPPB)
IPPB is specialised division of Indian Post working under the jurisdiction of Department of Post of Ministry
of Communications. It was opened in 2018.
October 27: World Day for Audiovisual Heritage 2021
The World Day for Audiovisual Heritage is observed on October 27, every year.
World day for Audiovisual Heritage
Audio-visual Heritage Day is observed with the aim of raising general awareness among people
related to the need of taking urgent measures.
The day also acknowledges the significance of audio-visual documents.
It also brings the priceless heritage of these documents to notice, telling the stories of lives &

cultures from across the world.

The day also sensitize people across the world for conserving and safeguarding valuable audio-visual
resources for future generations.
Why this day is significant?
The world, particularly the younger generation, is going digital in every significant aspect of life. Thus, this is
significant as it reminds that even though we are moving forward, it is important to carry heritage so that it
does not get lost. It encourages the preservation of work of professionals against the range of political,
technical, social, financial, and other factors that threatens the safeguards of audio-visual heritage.
Theme of the day
The Audio-visual Heritage Day 2021 was observed under the theme “Your Window to the World”. The theme
highlights that, audio-visual sources provide a window in the form of documentary heritage objects, to the
world.
History of the day
This day was adopted by the 21st General Conference of the recommendations, in the year 1980, in a bid to
safeguard and preserve the moving images. The day was declared by UNESCO (United Nations Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural organization) on October 27, 2005.
October 28, 2021
Proba-1 completes 20 years
ESA’s Proba-1 minisatellite was launched two decades ago, on October 27, into orbit. It has completed 20
years.
Key Points
The minisatellite remains fully operational for 20 years.
It is the oldest serving Earth observing mission of the agency.
Proba-1 is roughly the size of a hotel fridge. It hosts two Earth-observing instruments together with
several technological firsts.
Probe 1 is the first in ESA’s family of ‘Project for On-Board Autonomy’ missions.
It started life as a technology demonstration satellite and later became an Earth observation mission.
It is highly automated and introduced several mainstream technologies to space, such as, lithium-ion
batteries, use of star trackers for gyro-free attitude control and gallium arsenide solar panel as well
as ESA-developed ERC-32 microprocessors that run its flight computers.
CHRIS
The main hyperspectral CHRIS (Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) goes along with
monochromatic 5-m spatial resolution High Resolution Camera.
Significance of proba-1
Proba-1 mission carry several low-cost, commercial-off-the-shelf systems and components. It is sometimes
described as ‘NewSpace before NewSpace’. This mission continues to deliver imagery to scientists across
the world. It also provides valuable data on longevity of space systems and components.
Proba-2
Launch of Proba-1 was followed by the launch of Sun-observing Proba-2 mission in 2009 and vegetation-
tracking Proba-V mission in 2013 as well as double-satellite Proba-3 for demonstrating precision formation
flying. Proba-3 also seeks to study the Sun’s corona that has been planned for launch in 2023.
European Space Agency (ESA)
ESA is an intergovernmental organisation comprising of 22 member states. It is dedicated for the
exploration of space. ESA was established in 1975. It is headquartered in Paris.

Four Year Integrated Teacher Education Programme notified

Central government has notified a four-year “Integrated Teacher Education Programme”, in line with the
New Education Policy (NEP).
Key Points
With this new notification, BEd course will be integrated. It will be of four-year duration.
Students pursuing a four-year BEd degree, will get BA & BEd or BSc & BEd or BCom & BEd degrees
together.
Earlier, these students were getting these two degrees in five years. But the integrated degree will
provide both degrees in four years and thus, save a year for students.
New integrated course will help in creating teachers who are in sync with the new education policy. New
education policy introduced several changes in the curriculum such as teaching in regional language,
teaching coding to school kids etc. Thus, the new integrated degrees will prepare teachers according to the
need. It will have a new curriculum. New BEd courses will also bring in specialisation in the education of
‘special children’.
Aim of the government
The government has a aim of making four-year integrated Bed, the minimum degree required for teaching by
2030. National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE), working under the aegis of Ministry of Education, has
created the curriculum of this course in a way that it enables student-teacher to get degree in education and
specialised discipline like science, mathematics, history, arts, economics, or commerce.
Integrated Teacher Education Programme (ITEP)
Four Year ITEP will start from the academic session 2022-23. Admission for the course will be carried out
by National Testing Agency (NTA) by means of a National Common Entrance Test (NCET). Multidisciplinary
institutes will offer the course. It will be the minimal degree qualification for schoolteachers.
SAMBHAV National Level Awareness Programme, 2021
Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises launched the “SAMBHAV National Level Awareness
Programme, 2021” in new Delhi on October 27, 2021.
Key Points
With the launch of programme, Union Minister of MSME Narayan Rane called for engagement of
youth in promoting entrepreneurship, which in turn will lead to the economic development of India.
As per Minister new products and services developed by budding entrepreneurs can give cascading
effect for stimulating the related businesses or sectors.
About SAMBHAV National Level Awareness Programme
The mass outreach program called “SAMBHAV National Level Awareness Programme” will run for one-
month under the Ministry of MSME. Under the initiative, students from different colleges or ITIs from across
the India will be encouraged to take entrepreneurship. Around 130 field offices of the Ministry will help in
encouraging the students. During the campaign, college students will be made aware of the several
schemes that the Ministry of MSME is implementing through Audio or Video film presentations. These
programmes will be conducted across 1,300 colleges in India, in which around 1,50,000 students will
participate.
Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)
MSME is the apex executive body that formulate and administer the rules, regulations and laws related to
micro, small and medium enterprises in India. Narayan Rane is the Minister of Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises. Ministry of Small-Scale Industries and Agro & Rural Industries was established in October 1999.
But it got split into the Ministry of Small-Scale Industries and Ministry of Agro & Rural Industries in the year

2001.
US issues passport with 'X' gender marker
The United States issued first passport with an “X” gender marker, marking a milestone in recognising the
rights of people who are not identified as male or female.
Background
This step was taken following the fight of Dana Zzyym, who is an intersex activist from Fort Collins. Zzyym
has battling legally with the US State Department since 2015 to get a passport that did not require Zzyym to
lie about gender by selecting either male or female.
What is the issue with Zzyym?
Zzyym was born with ambiguous physical sexual characteristics but was raised as a boy. Zzyym underwent
several surgeries that failed to make Zzyym appear fully male. In the Navy, Zzyym served as a male but later
came to identify as intersex while studying and working at Colorado State University. US state department
denial of Zzyym’s passport, stopped Zzyym from attending two Organization Intersex International
meetings.
LGBT rights in US
In the United States, ‘Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights’ have evolved significantly with
time. All 50 states in USA had criminalized same-sex sexual activity until 1962. However, by 2003, USA had
invalidated all the remaining laws against same-sex sexual activity. By 2015, they won the right to marry in
all 50 states in USA. In many states and municipalities of US, LGBT are explicitly protected from
discrimination in housing, employment, and access to public accommodations.
The Changing Wealth of Nations 2021 report
World Bank recently published its report titled “The Changing Wealth of Nations 2021”. As per report, South
Asia suffers the most in terms of loss of human capital loss because of air pollution.
Highlights
Latest edition of the report has measured wealth creation and distribution among 146 countries. It
covers a 20-year period from 1995 to 2018.
World Bank included gross domestic product, human capital, human-produced capital, and natural
capital such as renewable & non-renewable natural resources to measure the wealth.
According to the bank, human capital is defined as “earnings over a person’s lifetime.”
Key findings of the report
As per report, human capital was the largest source of worldwide wealth. In the year 2018, it
comprised of 64 per cent of total global wealth.
Middle-income countries increased their investment in human capital as a result, their share of global
human capital wealth increased significantly.
In South Asia, human capital accounts for 50 per cent of total wealth in the region. This figure did not
change during the survey period. Thus, report highlights the importance of a healthy workforce.
Concerns highlighted in the report
As per report, air pollution was impacting this significant wealth generator. South Asian region was
most severely affected by estimated human capital loss because of air pollution.
No such human capital loss due to air pollution was quantified in other regions.
Wealth in South Asia has increased since 1995. But its per capita wealth is among the lowest across
the world due to population growth, as compared to sub-Saharan Africa.
Gender disparity: about 80 per cent of wealth in the region was attributed to men.
Civil Aviation Minister launches Krishi UDAN 2.0
The Ministry of Civil Aviation launched “Krishi Udan 2.0 scheme” on October 27, 2021.

Key Points
Under “Krishi Udan 2.0 scheme”, cargo-related infrastructure will be built in airports of hilly, tribal, and
north-east regions.
Such infrastructure will help in assisting farmers to transport agriculture products.
Krishi Udan Scheme
Central government had launched Krishi Udan scheme in September 2020. Under the scheme, airport
charges like parking charges & terminal navigational landing charges were waived off. Charges were waived
off if the agricultural cargo is more than 50 per cent of the total chargeable weight carried.
Krishi Udan 2.0
Under Krishi Udan 2.0, central government has planned for granting full waiver of airport charges at select
airports. Waiver would be given even if agricultural cargo is lower than 50 per cent of total chargeable
weight carried. Centre will also facilitate the development of hub and spoke model across India.
Government will also create cargo terminals at the airports in phase-wise manner. Moreover, government
will encourage states to reduce sales tax to one per cent on aviation turbine fuel, which is used in freighter
aircraft and passenger aircraft for transporting cargo.
Cargo terminals
Under the scheme, cargo terminals will be established at the airports in Agartala, Dibrugarh, Srinagar,
Hubbali, Dimapur, Jorhat, Imphal, Silchar, Lilabari, Lucknow, Tirupati, Tezpur, Tirupati and Tuticorin by
2022.
In between 2022-23, cargo terminals will be established at airports in Ahmedabad, Jharsuguda,
Bhavnagar, Mysore, Kozhikode, Rajkot, Puducherry, and Vijayawada.
Aim of the scheme
The scheme has been launched with the aim of channelising the immense potential of Indian agriculture
with logistical help of civil aviation in a bid to achieve the goal of doubling farmers’ income. It will also help
in alleviating wastage of farm produce and increase its value.
e-Kushal platform
This online platform would be developed under Krishi Udan 2.0 scheme for facilitating information
dissemination to stakeholders with respect to transportation of agriculture produce.
National Cybersecurity Strategy in final stages
India is in the final stage of clearing the National Cybersecurity Strategy in the aftermath of increasing
cyber-attacks and threats from nation-state actors against India.
Key Facts
India has become one of the most cyber-attacked nations across the world. About 4 million malwares
are detected here on daily basis.
India also has a large attack surface comprising of 1.15 billion phones and more than 700 million
Internet users.
This, India have been working on the “National Cybersecurity Strategy” for last two years, which is in
the cabinet for the final approval.
India’s rank in Global Cybersecurity Index
India has managed to avoid any major cyber-attacks or threats. As a result, in Global Cybersecurity Index
2021, India has jumped from 47 to 10.
Challenges with policy
As the policy is implemented, country will face the challenge of addressing cyber-skilling. As per report,
there will be around 1.5 million job vacancies in cybersecurity in India by 2025.

Cyber-Shikshaa programme
Microsoft and Data Security Council of India (DSCI) have invested in the ‘Cyber-Shikshaa programme’. This
programme will help in creating a pool of skilled women security professionals in India. Microsoft is also
coordinating with MeitY to skill security leaders in cybersecurity.
National Cyber Security Strategy 2020
National Cyber Security Strategy 2020 was drafted with the aim of improving cyber awareness and
cybersecurity by means of stringent audits. Under the policy, empanelled cyber auditors will carefully look at
the security features of organisations. To reinforce the idea that cyber-attacks can happen on regular basis,
table-top cyber crisis management exercises will be conducted.
QCI sets up expert team to execute proposed ONDC
Indian government is to set up a private sector-led non-profit company to fast-track the implementation of
proposed “Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) initiative”.
Key Points
Open Network for Digital Commerce Initiative will be implemented by the Department for Promotion
of Industry & Internal Trade (DPIIT).
Entity is also expected to provide a start-up mindset, enabled by management with a futuristic vision,
comfort with cutting edge technology, deep understanding of commerce and a missionary outlook to
drive change.
About ONDC
ONDC will be implemented with the aim of democratising digital commerce, in a bid to move it from a
platform-centric model to an open network. This is like democratization of digital payment system by
Unified Payment Interface (UPI).
The initiative will enable, buyers & sellers to be digitally visible and transact through an open network,
regardless of the platform or application they use.
Initiative also aims to empower merchants and consumers by breaking departments to form a single
network for driving innovation & scale and transforming all the businesses ranging from food, retail
goods, to mobility.
It will help in developing the network by adopting & building enabling technology and encouraging
voluntary participation of the eco-system players.
It will also establish a code of conduct and rules of network to bring in discipline.
ONDC will also provide foundational services to manage the network such as digital infrastructure for
network, grievance redressal etc.
Quality Council of India (QCI)
QCI was set up as a public private partnership model under the Societies Registration Act in 1997, for
providing accreditation services to several sectors for persons, product, and services.
India applies for vaccine loans from ADB & AIIB
India applied for a $2 billion loan from Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Asian Infrastructure Investment
Bank (AIIB) to purchase about 700 million Covid-19 vaccines.
Highlights
India applied for the loan as it seeks to boost immunisation rate of eligible population here.
This application was meant to leverage India’s membership of the multilateral financing institutions
(ADB & AIIB).
These financing institutions are expected to process India’s loan request soon.
This loan amount will be used to purchase which will be used to purchase 667 million Covid-19
vaccines to immunize at least 317 million people across 19 states in India.

ADB has agreed to provide $1.5 billion while AIIB will provide another $500 million.
Government of India will put in around $58 million for the vaccine project.
Vaccine Project
Project will support the procurement of safe & effective vaccines against Covid-19. it implemented under
Asia-Pacific Vaccine Access Facility, mechanism of ADB.
Asia Pacific Vaccine Access Facility (APVAX)
The Asia Pacific Vaccine Access Facility is worth $9 billion vaccine initiative by ADB. This initiative provides
equitable support to its developing member countries in procurement of Covid-19 vaccines.
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
AIIB is a multilateral development bank, set up with the aim of improving economic and social outcomes in
Asia. Bank comprises of 103 members, including 16 prospective members from the world. It started
operating on December 25, 2015.
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
This regional development bank was established on December 19, 1966. Its headquarter is in Philippines. It
also has 31 field offices across the world for promoting social & economic development in Asia.
‘Knock every door’ campaign for Second-dose Vaccination
Union Health Ministry has asked states and Union Territories to come up with district-level plan and launch
a “Har Ghar Dastak” (Knock every door) campaign across poor performing districts.
Key Facts
Central government has also asked states & union territories to set up the ante, in those areas where
first & second dose vaccination coverage is below the national average.
Har Ghar Dastak campaign will be initiated with the aim of scaling up the Covid-19 vaccination drive.
Under the campaign, vaccine vans will be introduced, and exercise will be reviewed on daily basis.
Vaccine coverage
In India, currently 10.38 Crore people are due to get their second dose of vaccine from 17 states, as of
October 27, 2021. More than 1.6 crore people are from Uttar Pradesh, 1.1 Crore from Madhya Pradesh, 76
lakhs in Maharashtra, 86 lakhs in Rajasthan, 60 lakhs in Tamil Nadu while 72 lakhs in Bihar are due for their
second doses.
Cut-off for vaccine coverage
Central government has set-up a cut-off of 77% coverage for first dose while 33% cut off for second dose.
These figures are also the national averages of respectively the first and second shot.
Other steps to boost vaccination
Centre is preparing special initiative to sensitise people and tell them that covid-19 vaccine is the only
protection against covid-19 disease.
Centre might ask states to launch a special drive for vaccination.
States under focus
Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh are the states under focus because of low vaccination
rate. For instance, In Bihar, vaccination coverage stands at 39% for first dose while 13% for second dose.
Ballistic missile Agni-V successfully test-fired
India has successfully test-fired a surface-to-surface ballistic missile called Agni-5 on October 27, 2021.
Key Point
The missile was launched from APJ Abdul Kalam Island off Odisha coast.
The missile uses a three-stage solid-fuelled engine, which can strike the targets up to the range of
5000-km with a very high degree of accuracy.

Credible Minimum Deterrence

The successful launch of the Agni-5 missile aligns with India’s policy to have a “credible minimum
deterrence”. This policy underpins the commitment of ‘No First Use’.
Who built Agni-5?
The Agni-5 missile has been built by the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO).
Background
The first test of the Agni-5 missile was carried out in April 2012. Last test was conducted around three
years ago in 2018.
About Agni-V
Agni-V is an Indian nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). It has been developed by the
Defence Research and Development Organisation. Missile is having a range of around 5000 to 8000 km. It is
a three-stage, solid-fuelled and road-mobile intercontinental ballistic missile. It is transported by a truck and
launched using a canister.
Significance of Agni V
Agni V is used to enhance India’s nuclear deterrence against China. Earlier, the longest-range missile in
India was Agni-III, which had the range of 3000–3500 km. This range was not sufficient to reach targets
eastern and north-eastern region of China. Thus, DRDO was working on the upgraded version of this missile
called Agni-V since 2007.
G-20 joint Finance, Health ministers meet in Rome
Union Minister of Finance & Corporate Affairs, Nirmala Sitharaman, is on the official visit to Italy for
attending ‘G20 Joint Finance and Health Ministers’ meeting in Rome.
Highlights
On the official visit, she will discuss measures to strengthen COVID-19 pandemic preparedness,
prevention, and response.
This meeting will be held, before the G20 Rome Summit.
G20 Heads of State and Government Summit is scheduled to held on October 30th and 31st 2021 in
Rome.
Ministers of Economy and Finance will also take part in the event.
G20 Rome Summit
G20 Rome Summit is the climax of G20 process and the final stage of intense work, at the Leaders’ level,
which is carried out within the Ministerial Meetings, Engagement Groups and Working Groups throughout
the year. This summit will be the 16th G20 gathering at Heads of State & Government level.
Location of the meeting
The working meetings of Heads of State and Government is scheduled to held at Rome Convention Centre
‘La Nuvola’.
Background
The first G20 heads of the state & government was held in Washington in November 2008. While the last
meeting was held virtually under the Presidency of Saudi Arabia in November 2020.
About G20
G20 is an intergovernmental forum. It comprises of 19 countries and European Union (EU). The group works
for addressing major issues related to global economy like climate change mitigation, international financial
stability, and sustainable development. It comprises of world’s largest economies, including developed as
well as developing nations. It accounts for 90 percent of gross world product (GWP).
MeitY organised “AI Pe Charcha” (AI Dialogue)
The National e Governance Division (NeGD) of the Ministry of Electronics and IT organised “AI Pe Charcha

(AI Dialogue)” on October 28, 2021.

Theme of the dialogue
AI Pe Charcha was organised under the theme- “AI for Date Driven Governance”.
Aim of the session
This session was organised with the aim of covering importance of data driven and AI-enabled governance
along with best practices from across the globe.
About AI Pe Charcha
AI Pe Charcha is an initiative of “Ministry of Electronics & IT”. It is a series of panel discussions, which
involves several global and domestic leaders from Government as well as industry. In the event, researchers
& academicians share their views & experiences on Artificial Intelligence, breakthrough innovations, related
case studies, best practices from world as well as challenges faced in the field of Artificial Intelligence.
Topic of discussion
In the ‘AI for Data Driven Governance’ session, experts will speak about leveraging AI for Public Sector,
Postal Services, Defence & Security and Future Cities. They will also showcase a “presentation on important
AI-driven solutions” which have played an important role amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Potential of AI in India
As per PwC report, by 2030, AI have potential to provide a global economic value addition of up to USD 15.7
trillion. After recognising this potential, government of India released “National Strategy for Artificial
Intelligence (NSAI)” in 2018. This strategy is a roadmap for the government for adopting artificial
intelligence in a bid to increase efficiency in delivery of services. India also deregulated the geospatial
sector and allowed private players to bring state-of-the-art solutions in this sector and bring innovation in
AI-enabled hotspot mapping & analytics. This will lead to transformation in sectors like health and
infrastructure. It will also help in designing climate change resilient cities.
October 29, 2021
PM Economic Advisory Council reconstituted
Government of India reconstituted the seven-member Economic Advisory Council (EAC) to the prime
minister on October 27, 2021.
Key Points
New EAC was constituted after its tenure ended in the month of September 2021.
It has been reconstituted for a period of two years.
Part time members
Former RBI deputy governor Rakesh Mohan, NCAER director-general Poonam Gupta and IIM-Ahmedabad
professor TT Ram Mohan were appointed as new part-time members. Other part time members are Debroy,
Neelkanth Mishra, Sajid Chenoy and Neelkanth Mishra. While V Anantha Nageswaran, dean of IFMR
Graduate School of Business in Krea University, has been removed as member.
Chairman of the council
Bibek Debroy will continues to be the chairman of council.
Responsibilities of the council
Council has been charged with the responsibility to analyse any issue, economic or otherwise, which
are referred to it by the prime minister.
It will also address the issues of macroeconomic importance and present its views on it, to the PM.
These responsibilities could be either suo-motu or on reference from the PM or any other person.
Council may attend to any other task, as PM will assign from time to time.
About EAC-PM
EAC-PM is an independent body, which advises the government on economic and policy-related matters. It

was first constituted in September 2017 for a period of two years. It replaced the erstwhile PMEAC, which
was chaired by former governor of Reserve Bank of India, C Rangarajan.
Bibek Debroy
Bibek Debroy was a member of NITI Aayog from 2015 to 2019. He is an alumnus of Delhi School of
Economics and Presidency College of Kolkata. He was conferred the Padma Shri in 2015.
PM proposes India-ASEAN start-up festival
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has proposed an India-ASEAN start-up festival on October 28, 2021.
Highlights
This announcement was made in a virtual meeting of leaders of ASEAN at “18 th India-ASEAN
Summit”.
On the occasion, PM also called for an early review of ASEAN India Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in
goods, which India has been asking for Indian businesses to gain better market access in ASEAN
region.
Significance of FTA
ASEAN approval for reviewing FTA is important for India to address the problem of non-tariff barriers that
Indian businesses face. India’s trade deficit with ASEAN region has widened since 2010, when FTA was
implemented. Thus, to bridge the trade deficit, bloc should initiate some measures.
India-ASEAN start-up festival
India-ASEAN start-up festival was announced as a part of friendship year celebration between India &
ASEAN in the year 2022. It was announced outlining the importance of technology & innovation in post
covid-19 economic recovery.
India-ASEAN relations
India’s relationship with ASEAN is a significant pillar of its foreign policy. This relationship acts as the
foundation of Act East Policy. India and ASEAN share 25 years of Dialogue Partnership, 5 years of Strategic
Partnership and 15 years of Summit Level interaction with ASEAN.
Economic relations
ASEAN is the fourth largest trading partner of India. India’s trade with ASEAN accounts for 10.6% of India’s
overall trade. India’s export to ASEAN accounts for 11.28% of the total exports. ASEAN-India Free Trade
Area has also been completed.
ASEAN India-Business Council (AIBC)
AIBC was set up in 2003 for brining key private sector players from India and ASEAN on a single platform.
People to People ties
Both the bloc run programmes like inviting ASEAN students to India, Exchange of Parliamentarians, Special
Training Course for ASEAN diplomats etc to strengthen the people to people ties.
MEITY: Deep Dive Online Training Programme
Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) is organising the “Deep Dive Online Training
Programme” with the aim of strengthening cyber security ecosystem in India.
Key Points
This is week-long training programme, which is being organised for Chief Information Security
officers (CISO) along with Technical Heads, Departments & organisations from central & state
governments, front-line IT staff representing different Ministries, Bank organisations and PSUs.
Programme started on October 25 and will conclude on October 30, 2021. Timing of the programme
coincide with the National Cyber Security Awareness Month celebrations.
Deep Dive Online Training Programme
Deep Dive Online Training Programme is a part of the series of workshops, that are organised by

National e-Governance Division under the Cyber Surakshit Bharat initiative.

This programme will help the CISOs and other participants in equipping themselves with better
understanding of changing dynamics of the cyber environment across the world.
It seeks to help CISOs so that they can translate the benefits of a secure cyber space to citizens and
individual organisations.
Role of CISOs
CISOs are engaged in gap analysis of the cyber security within the organisation. On the basis of analysis,
they come out with plan & strategy for bridging gap and take corrective actions.
Cyber Surakshit Bharat Initiative
Cyber Surakshit Bharat Initiative was launched by the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology
(MeitY) in January 2018. It is the first of its kind public-private partnership initiative. It leverages the
expertise of IT industry in cybersecurity. Knowledge partners of the training program are CERT-In, CDAC,
STQC and NIC.
State of the climate in Asia 2020 Report
UN’s World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) released its annual report titled “State of the climate in
Asia” on October 25, 2021.
Key Findings of report
As per report, in 2020, Asia suffered its hottest year on record.
Report notes that, extreme weather is taking a heavy toll on development of the continent.
In 2020, Extreme weather and climate change in Asia has resulted into loss of life of thousands of
people, cost billions of dollars, displaced millions of others, and wreaked a heavy toll on
infrastructure & ecosystems.
As per report, sustainable development is threatened because health risks, food & water insecurity,
and environmental degradation is increasing.
Increased heat and humidity are forecast will also lead to an effective loss of outdoor working hours
in Asia.
Several weathers and climate-related displacements across Asia are prolonged. People are unable to
return home or integrate locally.
In 2020 floods and storms affected around 50 million people in Asia, causing about 5,000 fatalities.
Total average losses across countries
China suffered an estimated loss of $238 billion, India suffered $87 billion, Japan suffered $83 billion
while South Korea suffered $24 billion.
Considering the size of economy, average annual losses are likely to be as high as 7.9 percent of
gross domestic product (GDP) for Tajikistan, 5.8 percent for Laos and 5.9 percent for Cambodia.
Warmest Year in Asia
The warmest year on record in Asia, witnessed the mean temperature 1.39 degrees Celsius above as
compared to 1981-2010 average. 38 degrees Celsius was recorded at Verkhoyansk in Russia, which is the
highest known temperature in north of the Arctic Circle.
WMO releases GHG bulletin
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released its Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, recently.
Key Facts
As per Bulletin, abundance of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a new
record again in the year 2020.
Annual rate of increase was above the 2011-2020 average.
Report notes that, the trend has continued in 2021.

Concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) increased to 413.2 parts per million in 2020. It accounted for
149% of the pre-industrial level.
Methane (CH4) accounted for 262% and nitrous oxide (N2O) accounted for 123% of 1750 levels, when
human activities started disrupting the natural equilibrium of Earth
Report notes that, economic slowdown due to COVID-19 did not have any impact on the levels of
greenhouse gases and their growth rates. However, there was a temporary decline in new emissions.
In between 1990-2020, radiative forcing by greenhouse gases increased by 47%, in which CO2
accounted for 80% of this increase.
Emissions and Global Temperature
Global temperature will continue to rise as long as emissions continue. As CO2 has a long life, current
temperature level will persist for several decades even if emissions rapidly reduced to net zero. Presently,
half of the CO2 emitted by human activities remains in the atmosphere while other half is taken up by land
and oceans ecosystems.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
WMO is a specialized agency of United Nations which is responsible for promoting international
cooperation on climatology, hydrology, atmospheric science, and geophysics. It originated from
International Meteorological Organization, which is a nongovernmental organization founded in 1873.
Indian Coast Guard Ship ‘Sarthak’ inaugurated
The Director General of Indian Coast Guard (ICG), K Natarajan, commissioned the indigenously built Indian
Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) “Sarthak” on October 28, 2021.
Key Points
Commissioning of the ship is a significant boost for the maritime safety and security of India.
ICGS Sarthak will be based at Porbandar in Gujarat.
It will operate on the Western Seaboard of India, under the Operational and Administrative Control of
the Commander of Coast Guard Region (Northwest).
It is commanded by Deputy Inspector, General MM Syed while11 Officers & 110 men will also
complement him.
Who built ICGS Sarthak?
ICGS Sarthak is the 4th ship among the series of five OPVs, which are being built for ICG by Goa
Shipyard Limited.
These OPVs are multi-mission platforms and are capable of undertaking concurrent operations.
About ICGS Sarthak
ICGS is a 105-meter-long ship displacing 2,450 tons. It is propelled by two 9,100-kilowatt diesel engines.
The ship has been designed to attain a maximum speed of 26 knots. Ship is fitted with state-of-the-art
equipment, machinery, weapons and sensors that enables it to function as a command platform. The ship
also undertakes the mandated Coast Guard charter of duties like search & rescue, preserving & protecting
marine environment and combating maritime crimes. It is a significant example of Atmanirbhar Bharat.
Indian Coast Guard (ICG)
ICG is a maritime law enforcement and search & rescue agency, operating under the Ministry of defence of
India. Its jurisdiction is over the territorial waters of India, including the contiguous zone & exclusive
economic zone. The agency was established on February 1, 1977 under the Coast Guard Act, 1978.
I&B Minister of Bangladesh inaugurates Bangabandhu Sambad Kendra
The Information and Broadcasting minister of Bangladesh, Dr Hasan Mahmud, inaugurated Bangabandhu
Sambad Kendra on October 28, 2021.

Highlights
Bangabandhu Sambad Kendra was inaugurated at the Kolkata Press Club.
It was inaugurated on the occasion of golden jubilee of the independence of Bangladesh as well as
birth centenary of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Inauguration of the Kendra signifies the contribution of journalists of Kolkata Press Club in the
liberation war of Bangladesh.
During the inauguration ceremony, five journalists were felicitated.
Who is Sheikh Mujibur Rahman?
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was a Bangladeshi politician, statesman and Founding Father of Bangladesh. He
served as the first President of Bangladesh. Later he served as Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1971
until his assassination in 1975. He is the driving force behind the independence of Bangladesh. He is called
as “Bangabandhu” by the people of Bangladesh.
Independence Day of Bangladesh
Independence Day of Bangladesh is marked on March 26, every year. The day commemorates the
Bangladesh’s declaration of independence from Pakistan on March 26, 1971. In the year 2017, Google had
displayed a doodle commemorating the Independence Day of Bangladesh on its bd domain. Year 2021
marks the Golden Jubilee of the Independence of Bangladesh.
Independence Day Award
The award is bestowed upon Bangladesh citizens or organizations on the eve of Independence Day. It is an
annual award, established in 1977. It is given for contribution in Independence War, Language Movement,
education, journalism, literature, public service, medical science, social science, science-technology, games,
music, sports, fine arts, rural development etc.
India’s CEC visits Uzbekistan as International Observer for Presidential Elections
Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) of India, Sushil Chandra, led a three-member delegation to Uzbekistan to
oversee the presidential election, that was held on October 24, 2021.
Key Points
Indian delegation was present in Uzbekistan, from October 21-25 to oversee the presidential election,
as an international observer.
President of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, won the election with more than 80% of the vote. He has
been re-elected for a second five-year term.
During the visit of Indian delegation, CEC Sushil Chandra and election commission of Uzbekistan led
by Zainiddin Nizamkhodjaev, held a meeting on electoral cooperation.
CEC highlighted the recent conduct of elections in India, and several avenues to strengthen electoral
ties between both the countries by signing a MoU on electoral cooperation and training & capacity-
building programmes.
During the trip, Indian delegation visited some of the district-level election commissions for observing
the initiatives taken there by the Uzbekistan CEC.
They also visited polling stations and examined several aspects of the conduct of elections such as
voters’ lists, early voting mechanisms and identification of voters.
India-Uzbekistan election cooperation
Election Commission of India (ECI) organises “International Election Visitors Programmes (IEVP)” during
the poles. Uzbek delegates have been participating in the event regularly.
International Election Observation
International Election Observation has become an important mechanism to ensure election integrity in
countries which are undergoing transition to democracy or in post-conflict societies. International helps in

raising the confidence of voter and evaluate the legitimacy of an electoral process. This mechanism
promotes bilateral exchanges of knowledge & information on electoral practices. International observer
missions are organised by actors like European Union, African Union, OSCE, IRI, Carter Centre, OAS, Council
of Europe etc.
Pune Dialogue on National Security (PDNS) 2021
th
6 Pune Dialogue on National Security (PDNS) 2021 was inaugurated on October 28, 2021 by the Pune
International Centre (PIC).
Key Points
It is a two-day virtual conference, in which National Security Advisor Ajit Doval delivered the inaugural
address.
Conference will also witness a keynote address by Dr Soumya Swaminathan who happens to be the
Chief Scientist of the World Health Organisation.
Theme of the conference
Pune Dialogue on National Security 2021 was organised under the theme- ‘National Security Preparedness
in the Age of Disasters and Pandemics’.
Agenda of the meeting
During the meeting, participants will discuss the impact of disasters and pandemics on the national
security of India. They will also suggest strategies to deal with disasters.
Conference will be addressed by Gen N C Vij (retd), NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Dr Rajiv Kumar, Vice
Chairman of National Disaster Management Authority and former Chief of the Army Staff.
They will hold discussions on disaster risk reduction as part of national security as well as on role of
science & technology and imperatives.
About PDNS
PDNS is held by PIC in collaboration with the Policy Perspectives Foundation (PPF) of New Delhi, Centre for
Advanced Strategic Studies (CASS) and The Tribune Trust of Chandigarh.
Highlights of NSA’s address
National Security Advisor (NSA), Ajit Doval, highlighted that “deliberate weaponization of dangerous
pathogens” is a matter of serious concern. He also called for the need of building comprehensive national
capabilities as well as bio-defence, bio-security & bio-safety. He also expressed the concerns over climate
change issue.
6th edition of National Formulary of India (NFI)
Union Minister for Health & Family Welfare, Mansukh Mandaviya, launched the Sixth Edition of National
Formulary of India (NFI) on October 25, 2021.
Key Facts
NFI was published by the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) for promoting rational use of
medicines in India.
On the occasion, Minister appreciated the efforts of all the experts, doctors & researchers who made
efforts towards the compilation of new edition.
About NFI
According to Minister, NFI 2021 would act as the guidance document for all the healthcare
professionals like pharmacists, clinicians, dentists, nurses, etc.
NFI will also play a significant role in daily clinical practices.
It is published to promote rational use of medicines in India.
The document will be beneficial for clinicians and healthcare professionals, while they are prescribing
medicines to the patients.

Principle of NFI 2021

6th edition of NFI 2021 was drafted by adopting the principle “do not miss critical and do not overload” the
information by revising chapters, appendices, and drug monographs. Chapters like Analgesics, Antipyretics
& Anti-inflammatory drugs, Antacids & Antiulcer, Antiepileptics, Antiallergics & Drugs Used in Anaphylaxis,
Diuretics, Drugs for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Drugs in Osteoporosis etc were revised by involving the
subject-specific experts in India.
Salient features of NFI 2021
NFI 2021 comprise of 34 therapeutic categories chapters like 591 drug monographs and 23
appendices.
It is aligned with National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) and National Health Programmes.
Important weblinks related to NLEM, NHP, drugs banned in India, immunisation schedule, drugs
banned in sports are provided for information to readers.
PAC Study: Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana emerged toppers in Governance Performance
In the recent study of Public Affairs Centre (PAC) on governance performance, Kerala, Tamil Nadu &
Telangana have emerged as the toppers.
Key facts
Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Telangana emerged as winners among 18 large states in governance
performance.
Telangana has replaced Andhra Pradesh at the third spot as compared to 2020 ranking.
Jharkhand jumped from 15th to 9th place this year.
In the index, Sikkim, Goa and Mizoram were emerged as winners among the small states.
Puducherry, Jammu & Kashmir and Chandigarh emerged as toppers among the union territories.
Public Affairs Centre (PAC) is a Bengaluru-based non-profit think tank.
Public Affairs Index (PAI 2021)
Public Affairs Index has been prepared based on the scores secured by states in governance
performance on the pillars of equity, sustainability and growth.
Gujarat was ranked at fifth position, Karnataka at seventh position while Maharashtra at the 12th
position.
The index is purely evidence-based assessment of the performance of states. It uses central
government data sources for assessing the performance.
PAC Study
PAC study is the annual assessment of adequacy & quality of governance in states.
It assesses the states on the basis of their implementation of centrally sponsored-programmes of
rural employment guarantee scheme, integrated child development service, national health mission,
mid-day meal scheme and Samagra Siksha Abhiyan.
Covid-19 response index
In the PAC 2021 study, Covid-19 response index is the main highlight. The index is an analysis of the
governance response of states towards the covid-19 pandemic. It also highlights the degree of success
achieved by states in mitigating its impact.
CII Asia Health 2021 summit
CII Asia Health 2021 summit was held in October 28, 2021.
Highlights
Summit was addressed by the union minister for Health & Family Welfare, Dr Mansukh Mandaviya.
In his address minister noted that, with the vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Health has been
linked with development in India. Earlier, health was meant for treatment only. Linkage of health with

development will bring health & prosperity in India.

He also emphasized that, Preventive care is an essential component of health sector. Initiatives like
Yoga, Khelo India etc play a significant role in realising the aim of healthy society.
According to him, Government is committed to Access, Accountability, Affordability, Adoption and
Awareness for a better future of healthcare sector. Government has also been working towards
achieving these objectives.
Schemes launched by government
Minister noted that, government has launched schemes like Ayushman Bharat Jan Arogya Yojana (health
insurance scheme), Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) for generic medicines,
Ayushman Health & Wellness Centres, PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission, Ayushman
Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) to make healthcare accessible & affordable.
Theme of the Summit
CII Asia Health 2021 summit is organised under the theme “Transforming Healthcare for a better
tomorrow”.
From Token to Total Health
Government has been working by focusing on the theme of ‘From Token to Total Health’. Prime minister had
launched the “PM Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission” on October 25, 2021 to strengthen the
healthcare infrastructure in India.
Technology and healthcare
On link between technology and healthcare, minister noted that, there is a need to adopt technologies like
Nano and Robotic in the Health sector. For instance, Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission utilises the digital
ecosystem to further ease of living.
October 30, 2021
BRICS Joint Statistical Publication- Highlights
The 13th Meeting of Heads of National Statistical Offices of BRICS Countries was held virtually on October
28, 2021, under the Chairship of India.
Highlights
Meeting was chaired by Dr. G. P. Samanta, who happens to be the Chief Statistician of India &
Secretary of Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
Representatives from National Statistical Offices (NSOs) of the BRICS Countries attended the
meeting.
In the meeting, JSP (Joint Statistical Publication) 2021 and JSP Snapshot 2021 for BRICS Countries
were released.
Speakers from BRICS NSOs spoke on efforts taken so far and future plan with respect to data &
methodologies in monitoring the SDGs.
Heads of NSOs further acknowledged the importance of collaboration & exchange of best practices
regularly to bridge the data gaps for supporting policymakers in evidence-based decision making.
Theme of the meeting
The 13th Meeting of Heads of National Statistical Offices of BRICS countries was held under the theme-
“NSOs efforts in monitoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”.
Joint Statistical Publication 2021 (JSP 2021)
First chapter of JSP 2021 highlights a general information with comparable statistics of the BRICS countries
namely, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. On the other hand, other 14 chapters provides different
aspects of the past development as well as current status of the individual nations.

JSP Snapshot 2021

National Statistical Office (NSO) of India also brought the first BRICS JSP Snapshot 2021. It is a shorter
version of Joint Statistical Publication. It is released for engagement of wide range of users, in accordance
with the agreement by member countries.
Gati Shakti Express inaugurated
Indian Railway has introduced a special train 01684/01683 called Gati Shakti Express to ease the extra rush
of passengers during festive seasons like Diwali and Chhath Puja.
Highlights
Train will run between Anand Vihar Terminal-Patna-Anand Vihar Terminal.
Train has been introduced for the convenience of rail passengers by clearing extra rush of
passengers during festivals.
The special train comprises of 20 new 3 AC Economy coaches.
Train No. 01684 will depart from Anand Vihar Terminal at 11.10 p.m. on October 29 & 31, November
2, 5, & 7 and will arrive at Patna Junction at 03.45 p.m. the next day.
It will halt at Kanpur Central, Prayagraj junction, Varanasi, Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Junction, &
Danapur stations enroute.
About Gati Shakti Express coaches
The design and look of the Gati Shakti Express train have been improved comprising of illuminated
seat numbers and fire proof material.
Each coach is having 83 berths, which is 11 more than the number of berths in existing three tier AC
coaches.
New coach has comfortable & ergonomically designed climbing ladders to climb on middle and upper
berths.
It comprises of individuals AC vents, USB charging sockets and reading lights for all passengers.
Coaches are also equipped with foldable snack tables as well as elegant bottle holders.
They have been made Divyang-friendly.
Toilets have a modern, elegant look and they provide passenger-friendly fittings.
Cost & speed
Each of coach costs around Rs 2.76 crore. The train is fit to run at 160 kmph speed.
Chennai-Mysore-Chennai Shatabdi Express: First IMS certified train
Chennai-Mysore-Chennai Shatabdi Express was given IMS certification recently.
Key Points
This train has become the first Integrated Management Systems (IMS) certified train of the Southern
Railway.
It has also become the first Shatabdi train as well as second mail or express train of Indian Railways
to receive this certification.
Certification was granted by the certification agency following a comprehensive audit and duly
verifying adherence to all the norms by Railways.
Significance of the certification
The IMS certificate has been provided for maintenance and better use of environment-friendly resources.
The certification will also offer travel comfort.
What is IMS certification?
Integrated management systems (IMS) certification is a holistic approach, combining multiple aspects of
the performance of the organisation to meet the requirements of various management system standards.
These include standards like:

1. ISO 9001 for quality management

2. ISO 14001 for environmental management
3. ISO 45001 for occupational health and safety
4. ISO 27001 for Information Security and
5. ISO 50001 for energy management.
Significance of IMS certification
IMS certification increases efficiencies by using simplified processes and documentation. Thus, it
eliminates the elemental approach, lower down the effort duplication, improve the performance of system
and reduces costs.
What does this certification mean?
It means that certification for multiple management system standards is evaluated in a single &
comprehensive audit. With this certification, organisations spend less time on preparing audits &
responding to their findings. Thus, overall investment of time and money reduces.
RBI: All micro loans must be collateral-free
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has proposed to make micro-lending collateral-free for all the lenders,
rather than just for microfinance institutions (MFIs).
Highlights
This proposal was announced by RBI deputy governor Rajeshwar Rao while he was delivering the
inaugural address at Sa-Dhan National Conference on ‘Revitalising financial inclusion’.
In his address, he noted that, current regulations on financial inclusion have created a non-level
playing field.
What is the current scenario?
Current regulatory framework was implemented with the objective of making credit available to low-
income households as well for protecting borrowers from harsh recovery practices of the lenders.
This regulatory framework is applicable only to NBFC-MFIs.
On the other hand, lenders with share of around 70% in microfinance portfolio, are not subjected to
similar regulatory conditions.
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)
MFI is an organization, offering financial services to the low-income populations. These services comprise
of micro-savings, microloans, and microinsurance. These are the financial companies to provide small
loans to people who do not have access to banking facilities.
Small Loans
In India, loans below Rs.1 lakh are considered as small loans or microloans. In most of the cases, interest
rates are lower than what are charged by normal banks.
Growth of micro finance sector
Microfinance sector in India has grown rapidly in past few decades. It is serving about 102 million bank and
small finance bank accounts of poor population.
Who regulates MFIs?
In India, MFIs are regulated by RBI’s “Non-Banking Financial Company -Micro Finance Institutions (Reserve
Bank) Directions, 2011”.
Facebook rebrands as 'Meta'
Facebook Inc. has changed its name and logo to Meta Platforms Inc. on October 28, 2021.
Highlights
Facebook Inc. has been renamed to Meta Platforms Inc., or Meta to reflect its commitment to
develop the new surround-yourself technology called as “metaverse.”

However, the social network will still be called as Facebook.

Chief executive, senior leadership and its corporate structure are unchanged as of now.
Rebranding of the company is part of its big plan to develop a virtual world and to bring the “apps and
technologies of company under one new company brand”.
Background
Ever since Facebook was launched in 2004, it has purchased social media apps like Instagram and
WhatsApp. It has also invested in technologies like video-calling device Portal, virtual reality system Oculus
and digital wallet Novi. However, sceptics are also suggesting that this move is an attempt to move
attention away from the Facebook papers leak.
What is Facebook papers leak?
Facebook papers were leaked by a former Facebook employee. These papers revealed how Facebook
ignored or downplayed the internal warnings regarding the negative and harmful consequences that its
social network algorithms created or magnified in the world. It reveals that, Facebook was putting profits
ahead of ridding its platform of hate, misinformation and political strife across the globe.
What is metaverse?
The metaverse is sort of internet brought to life and are rendered in 3D. it is a “virtual environment” wherein
people can go inside, instead of just looking at on the screen. Through this platform, people can meet, play
and work using virtual reality headsets, smartphone apps and augmented reality glasses.
Indian Navy’s stealth frigate Tushil launched in Russia
The seventh frigate of P1135.6 class was launched on October 28, 2021 for the Indian Navy.
Highlights
Frigate was launched at Yantar Shipyard in Russia’s Kaliningrad.
Indian Ambassador to Russia, D Bala Venkatesh Varma as well as senior dignitaries of the Russian
Federation were present on the occasion.
Background
Government of India and Russia had signed an agreement in October 2016 to construct four additional
P1135.6 class ships, two in Russia while two in India.
About the ships
Frigate ships feature “stealth technology” with respect to low radar and underwater noise signatures. Both
the ships will be delivered from Russia by 2023. During the inaugural ceremony, this ship was named as
“Tushil”. It means protector shield in Sanskrit.
How ship was constructed?
The ship was constructed on the basis of specific requirements by Indian Navy to meet the entire spectrum
of naval warfare across all the three dimensions of surface, sub-surface and air.
Features of the ships
These ships are the example of potent combination of state-of-art Indian and Russian weapons and
sensors. They are equipped to operate as a single unit as well as consort of naval task force in Littoral and
Blue waters. They feature stealth technology with respect to low radar and underwater noise signatures.
Ships are also being equipped with major Indian-supplied equipment like surface-to-surface missiles,
surface surveillance radar, sonar system, communication suite and anti-submarine warfare system.
Andhra Pradesh: Cabinet gives nod for caste-based census
Andhra Pradesh Cabinet has decided to request the Centre to take up caste-based census to mention other
backward classes (OBCs) in the national census for 2021.
Highlights
Cabinet authorized the state backward classes minister Venugopala Krishna, for moving a request

resolution in upcoming assembly session to take up caste census of OBCs.

Recently, on October 8, Telangana government also adopted a similar resolution in state assembly.
Department for welfare of weaker sections
Andhra Pradesh cabinet has also approved the formation of a separate department for welfare of
economically weaker sections.
This department was created with the aim of implementing welfare schemes for upper caste poor
people.
New posts in medical & health department
Andhra Pradesh Cabinet also decided to create 4035 new posts in medical and health department. It
includes 560 pharmacist posts in YSR Urban clinics. Cabinet also approved 2190 additional posts for
teaching faculty, paramedical staff and staff nurses. Government also proposed to fill 41,000 vacancies in
Medical Health department. In last two & half years, around 26,917 posts have been filled.
Amendment to Cinematography Act, 1965
Andhra Pradesh Cabinet also approved for amendment of Cinematography Act, 1965. It allows online
ticketing platform which is managed by AP State Film, Television and Theatre Development Corporation to
issue cinema tickets.
Centre’s take on caste census
Union government has ruled out to conduct Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC) in an affidavit filed in the
Supreme Court on September 23, 2021, stating that caste census was unfeasible and administratively
difficult.
Do we need caste census?
We need caste-based census because it will be beneficial for policy making. The census will bring the large
number of issues in light, that any democratic country needs to attend. It will generate exhaustive data,
which in turn will allow policymakers to develop better policies and implementation strategies. It will also
help in addressing prevalent inequalities such as Unequal distribution of education, wealth and resources.
DRDO and Indian air force flight test long range bomb
Team from Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Air Force (IAF) have
successfully flight-tested the indigenously developed Long-Range (LR) Bomb on October 29, 2021.
Key Points
Long-Range Bomb was tested from an aerial platform in Odisha’s Balasore.
It was release from the IAF fighter aircraft and was guided within specified limits, with accuracy to a
land-based target.
Flight of the bomb and performance was monitored with the help of a number of range sensors,
telemetry & radar and Electro-Optical Tracking System deployed by the Integrated Test Range.
Bomb has been designed & developed by Research Centre Imarat (RCI) in Hyderabad in association
with other DRDO laboratories.
Research Centre Imarat (RCI)
RCI is a DRDO laboratory, established in Hyderabad, Telangana. It is responsible for Research and
Development of Missile Systems, advanced Avionics and Guided Weapons for Indian Armed Forces. The lab
was established in 1988 by APJ Abdul Kalam. U Raja Babu is the current head of RCI. It is a global
frontrunner in navigation systems and developing avionics for missiles. It is the leading laboratory that has
successfully spearheaded the Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) programme of the India &
Israel. Its field of research is “Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).
Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP)
IGMDP was an Indian Ministry of Defence programme for conducting research and development of

comprehensive range of missiles. It was managed by the DRDO and Ordnance Factories Board.
MGNREGS Out of Funds in 21 states
According to the financial statement of “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA) scheme”, it is running out of funds in 21 states.
Highlights
The scheme has run out of funds halfway in the financial year 2021, and supplementary budgetary
allocations will not be provided to compensate till the next Parliamentary session starts.
It is showing a negative net balance of Rs 8,686 crore.
What does it imply?
Shortage of funds mean that, payments for MGNREGA workers and material costs will be delayed, unless
States use their own funds.
Centre’s take
Centre is accusing some of the states with “artificially creating demand” for work.
Why there is shortage of funds?
The MGNREGA is a demand driven scheme. It guarantees 100 days of unskilled work to any rural household
in need. During the lockdown period in 2020 amid covid-19 pandemic, this scheme was given its highest
budget of Rs 1.11 lakh crore. This fund was used to provide a critical lifeline for 11 crore workers. But in
Union Budget 2021-22, the scheme was allocated Rs 73,000 crore, as nationwide lockdown was over. Centre
also announced that supplementary budgets will be allocated if money ran out. As of October 29, total
expenditure including payments due already reached to Rs 79,810 crore. 21 states including Andhra
Pradesh, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu are showing negative net balance.
About MGNREGA
MGNREGA is among the largest work guarantee programmes across the world. This scheme was launched
with the objective of providing 100 days of employment in each financial year to the adult members of rural
household. It aims to address the causes of chronic poverty using a rights-based framework. Under the
scheme, wages are paid in accordance with the statutory minimum wages which is specified for agricultural
labourers under Minimum Wages Act, 1948.
NCRB Report on Suicides
National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) recently published its report titled “Accidental Deaths & Suicides in
India, 2020”. In the year 2020, suicides in India have increased by 10 percent as compared to 2019 data and
reached to 1,53,052.
Key findings
Report notes that, suicides among student have increased by 21.20 per cent.
In absolute numbers, daily wage earners accounted for largest share of total suicides. It stood at
37,666 in 2020.
Number of suicides in 2020 was highest since 1982. It increased by 11.15 per cent as compared to
1981 data, accounting for 44,732 suicides.
The suicide rate has also increased from 10.4 percent in 2019 to 11.3 percent in the year 2020.
Suicide rate is defined as number of suicides per lakh population.
Share of suicides among daily wage earners has doubled between 2014 and 2020.
Suicides among students
Suicides among students have increased to its highest level since 1995.
In the year 2019, 10,335 cases were report. It increased to 14,825 in 2020.
In percentage terms, share of suicides among students went up from 7.4 per cent to 8.2 per cent in
the same period.

Nine Categories of suicides

NCRB report has divided suicides into nine categories namely; daily wagers, housewives, people working in
the farm sector, students, professionals/salaried persons, retired persons, self-employed persons, and
others. NCRB started categorizing daily wagers in the ‘Accidental Deaths & Suicides’ report in 2014.
Share of daily wage earners
Share of suicides among daily wage earners has doubled between 2014 and 2020. In the year 2014, their
share was 12 per cent which increased to 23.4 percent in 2019. Tamil Nadu reported the greatest number of
suicides among daily wage earners. It is followed by Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana and Gujarat.
Centre of Excellence for Fintech to be set up
As per Minister for Science & Technology and Skill Development, C.N. Ashwath Narayan, Karnataka
government is to set up a Centre of Excellence for Fintech or Financial Technology in Karnataka.
Highlights
This move was announced while addressing the inaugural session of Mangaluru Technovanza.
Mangaluru Technovanza was organised by Karnataka Digital Economy Mission (KDEM).
Government will allocate Rs 12 crore for setting the centre of excellence. Funds will be reserved in
the state budget of 2022-23.
Software Technology Park in Karnataka
Government has also planned to set up a software technology park in city. It will be set up with the help of
Karnataka State Electronics Corporation Ltd. (KEONICS). Board of KEONICS has already approved the
proposal.
Start-ups in Mangaluru
State government will also promote start-ups in Mangaluru region. For this purpose, incentives will be
provided under Beyond Bengaluru initiative as well as under the government policy to promote industries
across tier II & tier III cities. These incentives will be provided to attract companies for setting their units
beyond Bengaluru.
Telecom policy
Government will also launch a telecom policy applicable to the State to extend support to telecom and
internet service providers. Under the policy, a single window clearance window will be provided for their
projects. It will deal with all aspects for promoting communication services in the State.
KDEM- Beyond Bengaluru Initiative
Karnataka Digital Economy Mission (KDEM) – Beyond Bengaluru initiative was launched to guide dividends
from IT and IT-enabled services sector as well to create employment in tier-2 cities of Karnataka.

120 Multiple Choice Questions

The below MCQs are select 120 questions sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2021 Daily 20 MCQ
Series in GKToday Academy Android Application.
1. Which institution has formed a Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins on Novel Pathogens
(SAGO)?
[A] UNICEF
[B] World Health Organisation
[C] FAO
[D] John Hopkins University
Answer: World Health Organisation
The Director-General of the World Health Organisation has set up the WHO Scientific Advisory Group for
the Origins on Novel Pathogens (SAGO). The SAGO will advise the Secretariat on technical and scientific
considerations on emerging and re-emerging pathogens. An Indian epidemiologist, Dr Raman
Gangakhedkar, will be part of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Scientific Advisory Group for
determining the origin of covid-19 pandemic.
2. Malabar series of exercises began as a bilateral naval exercise between India and which country,
in 1992?
[A] USA
[B] France
[C] Sri Lanka
[D] Bangladesh
Answer: USA
The Malabar series of exercises, which began as an annual bilateral naval exercise between India and
the US in 1992. The Indian Navy is set to participate in the Second Phase of Multilateral Maritime
Exercise Malabar along with the Japan Maritime Self Defence Force, Royal Australian Navy and the
United States Navy. It is being conducted in the Bay of Bengal from 12 – 15 Oct 2021. First Phase of the
exercise was conducted in the Philippines Sea in August.
3. When is the ‘International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction’ observed?
[A] October 8
[B] October 10
[C] October 12
[D] October 13
Answer: October 13
The ‘International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction’ is observed every year on October 13. The 2021
edition of the day will focus on “International cooperation for developing countries to reduce their
disaster risk and disaster losses”. The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction was started in 1989,
after the United Nations General Assembly declared the day to promote a global culture of risk
awareness and disaster reduction.
4. Union Home Ministry has enhanced the powers of which Central Armed Police Force, recently?
[A] ITBP
[B] BSF
[C] CRPF
[D] CISF
Answer: BSF

The Union Home Ministry has recently enhanced the powers of the Border Security Force (BSF) to arrest,
search and seize within 50 km from the international boundary in Assam, West Bengal and Punjab. BSF
is a Central armed police force under the Union. This power will also be applicable to the newly created
Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. Earlier, the BSF’s limit was fixed up to 80 km from
the international boundary in Gujarat and 15 km in Rajasthan, Punjab, West Bengal and Assam.
5. With respect to the Brexit Deal, what is ‘NI Protocol’?
[A] Northern Ireland Protocol
[B] Northern Isle Protocol
[C] New Ireland Protocol
[D] New Isle Protocol
Answer: Northern Ireland Protocol
During Brexit negotiations, all parties agreed that protecting the 1998 Northern Ireland peace deal, also
called as the Good Friday agreement, was a priority. Recently, the European Union has set out its
proposals to change the way the Brexit deal for Northern Ireland (NI Protocol) is implemented. It was
designed to prevent checks along the border between Northern Ireland (in the UK) and the Republic of
Ireland (in the EU), after Brexit.
6. “Extended Producer Responsibility” which is in news recently, is associated with?
[A] Plastic waste management
[B] Automobile Manufacturing
[C] Meat Production
[D] Agricultural Export
Answer: Plastic waste management
The Union Ministry of Environment has released a draft notification on regulation of extended producer
responsibility under the plastic waste management rules 2016. This covers three categories of plastics
namely rigid plastic packaging: flexible plastic packaging of single layer / multilayer plastics. As per the
draft, quantity of waste that will have to be managed by producers and importers has been specified.
7. Which country has pledged of $233 million to protect biodiversity in developing countries, at the
key UN biodiversity summit?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] UK
[D] China
Answer: China
A key UN biodiversity summit, with an aim to protecting biodiversity has commenced in China, which
witnessed the participation of delegates from about 195 countries. Discussion on "30 by 30" agenda
that would accord 30% of the Earth's land and oceans protected status by 2030 is being discussed in the
summit. During the summit, Chinese Government has committed and pledged a sum of $233 million into
a fund, to protect biodiversity in developing countries.
8. Which state has commenced a campaign named “10-day ‘All Mask’” campaign?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Mizoram
Answer: Mizoram
The Government of Mizoram has launched a 10-day campaign named “All Mask” to re-sensitise citizens
on the importance of wearing masks to combat the virus. This is being observed throughout the state.
This comes at the backdrop of 1000 new Covid-19 cases being reported in the state daily, for more than
a month continuously.
9. Who launched the PM Gati Shakti Master plan in the month of October 2021?
[A] Union Finance Minister
[B] Prime Minister of India
[C] Union Home Minister
[D] Union Defence Minister
Answer: Prime Minister of India
The Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi has launched the PM Gati Shakti, a ‘national masterplan’ for
multi-modal connectivity on 13th October 2021. The master plan aims to use geo-mapping and real-time
data on a single portal, to make sure that there is transparency and visibility over the project planning
and implementation. Presently 16 government departments are part of the master plan.
10. Who is the first Indian to be elected as the Chairman of World Steel Association (WSA)?
[A] Sajjan Jindal
[B] Aditya Mittal
[C] Anirban Dasgupta
[D] Gautam Adani
Answer: Sajjan Jindal
JSW Steel Chairman and Managing Director Sajjan Jindal has been elected as the Chairman of the World
Steel Association (WSA) for the 2021-22 period. Jindal also becomes the first representative from India
to serve as Chairman of the WSA. He precedes Yu Yong as the Chairman of WSA, whose members
represent approximately 85 per cent of the world's steel production. Established in 1967, it is
headquartered in Brussels.
11. Which institution released the ‘World Energy Outlook 2021’ Report?
[A] International Energy Agency
[B] NITI Aayog
[C] World Economic Forum
[D] OPEC
Answer: International Energy Agency
International Energy Agency (IEA) recently released its World Energy Outlook 2021 report. As per the
report, almost $4 trillion investment into clean energy is required to meet the Paris Agreement pledge to
limit the global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The IEA mentioned some developing economies
financing such projects, including India's expansion of solar panels.
12. Which department has launched the digital bonds named “ePLI bond”?
[A] Department of Telecom
[B] Department of Posts
[C] Department of Income Tax
[D] Department of Biotechnology
Answer: Department of Posts
The Department of Posts has launched the digital version of the Postal Life Insurance policy bonds, also
termed as “ePLI bond”. The bond has been launched in collaboration with Digilocker. All Postal Life
Insurance subscribers would be able to download the digital copy of their policy bond from digilocker.
Both the Postal Life Insurance (PLI) and Rural Postal Life Insurance (RPLI) policy bonds are available in
digital form. It shall be treated at par with the original policy bond issued by the Department of Posts.
13. Sela tunnel, which was seen in the news recently, is located in which Indian state?
[A] Uttarakhand
[B] Sikkim
[C] Arunachal Pradesh
[D] Assam
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh virtually conducted the final breakthrough blast of the Sela tunnel in
Arunachal Pradesh, recently. The construction of the tunnel is expected to be over by June 2022. Sela
tunnel is expected be the world's largest bi-lane tunnel at an altitude of more than 13,000 feet. The
construction is being undertaken by Border Roads Organisation (BRO). The tunnel goes through Sela
Pass and will cut down the distance to the China border through Arunachal Pradesh by 10 km.
14. What is the theme of the ‘International Day for Rural Women 2021’?
[A] Rural women cultivating good food for all
[B] Gender Equality
[C] Empowering Rural Women
[D] Good Village; Good Country
Answer: Rural women cultivating good food for all
‘International Day for Rural Women 2021’ is celebrated on October 15. The day focuses on gender
equality and empowering women in rural areas. The theme for this year is “Rural women cultivating good
food for all". The United Nations General Assembly had established this day on December 18, 2007.
According to a report by the United Nations, 40% of the total agricultural labour force in developing
countries includes women.
15. Which state has recently scrapped the position of ‘Police Naik’?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Kerala
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Maharashtra
The Maharashtra government recently announced that they have scrapped the position of Police Naik.
The decision is set to impact nearly 45000 constables in the state police force. Before this decision, a
police constable (PC) would get promoted to Police Naik (PN) after 10 years of service. In another 10
years they will move to the Head Constable (HC) rank and retire as Assistant Sub Inspectors (ASI).
16. "Learning for people, planet, prosperity and peace” is the theme of which special day celebrated
on October 15?
[A] World Students' Day
[B] World Teachers Day
[C] World Learning Day
[D] World Education Day
Answer: World Students' Day
World Students' Day is observed every year on October 15, in honour of former Indian president APJ
Abdul Kalam, who was born on the same day in 1931. The day aims to acknowledge the efforts of the
President towards education and students. The United Nations declared October 15 as World Students'
Day in 2010. This year, the theme for World Students' day is "Learning for people, planet, prosperity and
peace”.
17. With reference to the Government’s scheme to encourage investment in India, what does PLI

stand for?
[A] Performance Linked Incentive
[B] Production Linked Investment
[C] Postal Life Insurance
[D] Production Linked Incentive
Answer: Production Linked Incentive
The Government of India has recently launched the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for
Telecom manufacturing, which aims to increase investment and hence production levels in the sector.
Under the scheme, 31 global and local companies would strive for incremental production capacities
amounting Rs 1.82 lakh crore over a period of five years
18. Which company has launched the technology solution named “U Fill”?
[A] Indian Oil
[B] NTPC
[C] BPCL
[D] Tata Power
Answer: BPCL
Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) has launched “U Fill” which is an automated fueling
technology at the fuel outlets. The technology is said to eliminate manual intervention during vehicle
fueling enhance the customer experience. The company has launched the technology in 65 cities.
19. “Vishwakarma Vatikas” are proposed to set up at Hunar Haats (talent fairs) in which state?
[A] Haryana
[B] Telangana
[C] Mizoram
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
The Government of India has proposed to set up Vishwakarma Vatikas at Hunar Haats (talent fairs) in
the state of Uttar Pradesh, which aims to showcase traditional skills and craftsmanship. of artisans.
India’s traditional exquisite and hand made products would be exhibited in these fairs to promote and
preserve traditional skills.
20. “MyParkings” is an app launched to book parking slots online, by which state / UT?
[A] Delhi
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Puducherry
Answer: Delhi
The Government of Delhi has launched an App named “MyParkings”, which permits people to book
parking slots online in areas under the jurisdiction of the South Delhi Municipal Corporation. The app
has been designed to provide information about the present number of parked vehicles, total free
parking spaces available etc. The app has been built by Broadcast Engineering Consultants India
Limited.
21. Which country was recently hit by the tropical storm Kompasu?
[A] Philippines
[B] USA
[C] Indonesia
[D] Germany

Answer: Philippines
Tropical storm Kompasu hit the Philippines and left dead at least 19 people. The storm has triggered
landslides and flash floods as it crossed the northern tip of the Asia-Pacific islands. Another 14 people
have been reported missing in the Philippines. Kompasu returned to tropical storm strength after making
landfall on the Chinese island province of Hainan. It also crossed Hong Kong and Vietnam and caused
damages.
22. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerana Sthal’ was inaugurated at Naval Science & Technological
Laboratory, located in which city?
[A] Kochi
[B] Visakhapatnam
[C] Chennai
[D] Bhubaneshwar
Answer: Visakhapatnam
‘Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prerana Sthal’ was inaugurated at Naval Science & Technological Laboratory
(NSTL), Visakhapatnam. It was inaugurated on the occasion of 90th birth anniversary of Bharat Ratna Dr
APJ Abdul Kalam, and to commemorate ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’. NSTL is the premier naval research
laboratory of Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO). NSTL products including
Varunastra, Torpedo Advanced Light (TAL) and Maareech decoy are displayed at the venue.
23. Mount Harriet, which was seen in the news recently, is an island peak located in which state/UT?
[A] Goa
[B] Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[C] Lakshadweep
[D] Kerala
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Mount Harriet is the third-highest island peak in Andaman and Nicobar islands. Union Home Minister
has announced that the peak will now be known as Mount Manipur, as a tribute to the freedom fighters
of Manipur. Manipur’s Maharaja Kulchandra Singh and 22 other freedom fighters were imprisoned during
the Anglo-Manipuri war (1891) at the Mount Harriet. They were sent to Kalapani and kept on Mount
Harriet.
24. When is the ‘International Day for the Eradication of Poverty’ observed every year by the UN?
[A] October 15
[B] October 17
[C] October 18
[D] October 20
Answer: October 17
‘International Day for the Eradication of Poverty’ is observed every year on October 17, to raise
awareness about people living in poverty. The UN General assembly declared October 17 as the
International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, on 22 December 1992. This year’s theme is “Building
forward together: Ending Persistent Poverty, Respecting all People and our Planet.”
25. Shenzhou-13 spaceship has been launched by which country?
[A] India
[B] Japan
[C] Indonesia
[D] China
Answer: China

China has launched a 3-person manned mission to its space station, for a duration of 6 months in the
spaceship named Shenzhou-13. The spaceship was launched by Long March-2F rocket. The crew
members are missioned for the setting up of the orbiting structure of China’s own space station. The
activities of the crew include spacewalks and installation of key equipment.
26. A K Goel, the MD CEO of UCO Bank has been recently elected as the Chairman of which body?
[A] Press Trust of India
[B] IBPS
[C] Indian Bank’s Association
[D] RBI Services Board
Answer: Indian Bank’s Association
The present Managing Director and CEO of UCO Bank Shri. A K Goel has been elected as the chairman of
Indian Bank's Association for the year 2021-22. The election was held at the body’s Managing
Committee meeting held on 14th October 2021. He succeeds Mr Rajkiran Rai G, who is the Managing
Director and Chief Executive Officer of Union Bank of India.
27. In addition to the Wholesale Price Index, which other data is released by the Office of the
Economic Adviser?
[A] Consumer Price Index (All India)
[B] Consumer Price Index (Urban)
[C] Monthly Index of Core Industries Production
[D] Food Inflation
Answer: Monthly Index of Core Industries Production
The Office of the Economic Adviser is an attached office of the Department for Promotion of Industry
and Internal Trade, under the Union Ministry of Commerce & Industry. The key function of the office
includes Compiling and releasing monthly Wholesale Price Indices and Compiling and releasing monthly
Index of Core Industries Production. The wholesale price-based inflation has eased to a six-month low
of 10.66% in September 2021, primarily helped by moderation in food price.
28. Which institution releases the ‘Global TB Report’?
[A] World Health Organisation
[B] UNICEF
[C] Stop TB Partnership
[D] TB Alliance
Answer: World Health Organisation
Each year, the World Health Organisation releases the Global TB Report. It provides a comprehensive
and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic. As per the report, the COVID-19 pandemic has reversed
years of global progress in tackling tuberculosis. It also highlighted that for the first time in over a
decade, TB deaths have increased. Approximately, 1.5 million people died from TB in 2020 and the
increase in number of TB deaths occurred mainly in the 30 countries with the highest burden of TB.
29. Praggnanandhaa, who was seen in the news recently, is associated with which game?
[A] Cricket
[B] Chess
[C] Soccer
[D] Volleyball
Answer: Chess
Praggnanandhaa is Indian ace Chess player and is one of the young Grandmasters of the country.
Recently, he won Julius Baer Challengers Chess Tour by winning against his American opponent
Christopher Yoo. With this victory, Praggnanandhaa has won $12,500 prize money as well as the right to
play with an elite set of chess champions at the Meltwater Champions Tour in 2022.
30. Where is NATO’s headquarters located?
[A] Belgium
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] France
Answer: Belgium
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an intergovernmental military alliance of 30 member
countries, of which 28 are European countries and 2 North American Countries. The NATO is
headquartered at Brussels, Belgium Recently, Russia has announced that it is suspending its missions to
NATO and that NATO's military liaison and information offices in Moscow would be closed.
31. Which international space agency has released a “Climate Action Plan” recently?
[A] ISRO
[B] NASA
[C] ESA
[D] JSA
Answer: NASA
The American space agency NASA has recently released a climate action plan, which aims to avert
climate related impact on its key missions to space. The plan also ensures resilience of NASA’s
facilities and assets and to provide important climate related observations to nations across the globe.
32. “Olaf Scholz”, who has been in the news recently, is associated with which country?
[A] Britain
[B] France
[C] Germany
[D] Italy
Answer: Germany
The Finance Minister of Germany “Olaf Scholz” belonging to the Social Democrats, the ecologist Greens
and liberal FDP have announced a preliminary deal to form a new government in Germany. If successful,
he would succeed Angela Merkel as Chancellor of Germany. Earlier in September, Olaf Scholz’s Social
Democratic Party (SPD) won the general elections but could not have a clean majority.
33. The Army of which country won a gold medal at the Cambrian Patrol Exercise held in the UK?
[A] UK
[B] China
[C] Russia
[D] India
Answer: India
The Indian Army has bagged a gold medal at the Cambrian Patrol Exercise, which was held in the UK.
The 4/5 Gorkha Rifles represented the Indian Army in the exercise. The competition witnessed
representation from 96-armed force teams of nations across the globe. This competition tests the
ultimate levels of human endurance and team spirit and is considered as the “Olympics of military
patrolling”.
34. What is the name of NASA’s robotic spacecraft, launched to reach Jupiter’s asteroids, named the
Trojans?
[A] Lucy
[B] Lucky
[C] Layman
[D] Craft-hopper
Answer: Lucy
The American space agency NASA has launched a robotic spacecraft named Lucy, which is set to reach
the Trojans (Jupiter’s asteroids) by 2027. The spacecraft is designed to reach seven Trojan asteroids
along with another one in the main Asteroid Belt. The spacecraft was launched using an Atlas V rocket
from Florida.
35. Which country houses La Lloreria or the Crying Room for promoting mental wellness?
[A] Germany
[B] Italy
[C] Spain
[D] Denmark
Answer: Spain
Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez announced a 100-million-euro ($116 million) mental healthcare
drive, including 24-hour suicide helpline. La Lloreria, or the Crying Room was inaugurated in Madrid,
which aims to remove the attached to mental health, crying and seeking help. As per Government Data,
In 2019, as many as 3,671 people died from suicide in Spain. One in 10 adolescents has been diagnosed
with a mental health condition.
36. Which firm supplied P-8I long range maritime patrol aircraft to Indian Navy?
[A] Boeing
[B] SpaceX
[C] DRDO
[D] Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd
Answer: Boeing
The Indian Navy received its 11th P-8I long range maritime patrol aircraft from Boeing. The Navy has
signed a contract of 12 P-8Is from Boeing in two batches. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh also launched
an ‘Integrated Unmanned Road Map for Indian Navy’ at the second edition of the Naval Commanders
Conference. This will outline all unmanned aerial and underwater platforms and efforts of the Navy in
modernisation.
37. Allium negianum, which was seen in the news, as discovered in which Indian state/UT?
[A] Assam
[B] Uttarakhand
[C] Arunachal Pradesh
[D] Goa
Answer: Uttarakhand
Allium negianum, a plant discovered in Uttarakhand in the year 2019 has been recently confirmed as a
new species of Allium, in journal PhytoKeys. Allium is the genus that includes many foods such as onion
and garlic, among 1,100 species globally. It was discovered in the Chamoli district of Uttarakhand. It
grows at 3,000 to 4,800 m above sea level. The scientific name Allium negianum honours late Dr
Kuldeep Singh Negi, an explorer and Allium collector.
38. Dubbed as ‘New QUAD’, India participated in the first meeting of the foreign ministers of which
three countries?
[A] USA, UAE and Israel
[B] UK, Italy, Germany

[C] UK, USA, Israel

[D] UAE, Israel, Japan
Answer: USA, UAE and Israel
The first meeting of the Foreign ministers of India, Israel, the UAE and the USA held recently. It is dubbed
as the New QUAD. The virtual meeting discussed on increasing trade, enhancing cooperation in maritime
security and global public health, as well as joint infrastructure projects in transportation and
technology. Indian foreign minister S. Jaishankar held discussions with his counterparts.
39. Bhavani Devi, who recently won the title at Charlellville Competition in France, is associated
with which sports?
[A] Weight-lifting
[B] Archery
[C] Fencing
[D] Shooting
Answer: Fencing
Fencer Bhavani Devi, won the women’s individual sabre title at the Charlellville National Competition in
France. She made history at the Tokyo Olympics by becoming the first Indian to compete in fencing at
the Olympics. Though she won the first round, she was defeated by bronze-medallist Manon Brunet of
France in the next round. The top-ranked fencer from India is currently ranked 50th in the world.
40. Which institution is set to play host to the "Aadhaar Hackathon 2021"?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] NRDC
[C] UIDAI
[D] RBI
Answer: UIDAI
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is set to host a Hackathon titled "Aadhaar Hackathon
2021". According to a statement issued by the Ministry of Electronics and IT on Monday, the Hackathon
is themed around two topics. The first theme is "Enrolment and Update", which covers some of the real-
life challenges being faced by the residents while updating their address. The second theme of the
Hackathon is around the "Identity and Authentication", for solutions to prove Identity without sharing the
Aadhaar number or any demographics information.
41. Which country is hosting leaders from 75 democracies under the 'Gen-Next Democratic Network'
initiative?
[A] China
[B] USA
[C] India
[D] Japan
Answer: India
India is set to host young leaders from 75 democracies under the initiative of Gen-Next Democratic
Network. As per the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR), this initiative is a part of Azadi ka Amrit
Mahotsav. Young leaders below the age of 35 from the ruling party, opposition party and other major
parties are being invited. The first batch will include leaders from Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Japan,
Indonesia, Chile and Zambia.
42. Which Indian state/UT has launched ‘Red Light On, Gaadi Off’ campaign?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Maharashtra

[C] Andhra Pradesh

[D] Rajasthan
Answer: New Delhi
The Delhi government is set to begin its ‘Red Light On, Gaadi Off’ campaign, which aims to reduce
pollution in the national capital. The campaign urges commuters to switch off the engines of their
vehicles as soon as they stop at a red light. This was first introduced by the government last year. This
year, the first phase of the campaign will run for a month till November 18. It will take place in two shifts
- from 8am-2pm and then 2pm-8pm.
43. Ministry of Culture is organising the Abhidhamma Day, along with which state?
[A] Bihar
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Sikkim
[D] Meghalaya
The Union Ministry of Culture, International Buddhist Confederation in association with the Government
of Uttar Pradesh is organising the Abhidhamma Day on the auspicious occasion of Ashwin Poornima.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is also participating in an event marking Abhidhamma Day at
Mahaparinirvana Temple. Eminent monks from Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, South Korea, Nepal,
Bhutan, Cambodia and ambassadors of several nations will take part in occasion.
44. 250mm Seer Water supply scheme, which was seen in the news, has been inaugurated in which
state/UT?
[A] Jammu & Kashmir
[B] Uttarakhand
[C] Andaman and Nicobar Islands
[D] Lakshadweep
Answer: Jammu & Kashmir
Union Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated 250mm Seer Water supply scheme in Kashmir. The project
would benefit around 10000 people and will be completed under the ambit of Jal Jeevan Mission. The
Union Minister also inaugurated tourist hut of Pahalgam Development Authority at Golf Course
Pahalgam. He also inaugurated Forest Departments Deodar sapling plantation drive being conducted
under the banner of Green JK Drive, under which a total of 1 lakh saplings will be planted as part of the
drive.
45. Covid-19 vaccine candidate, VLA2001 is manufactured by which company?
[A] Novartis
[B] Johnson and Johnson
[C] Merck and Co
[D] Valneva SE
Answer: Valneva SE
Valneva SE, a French vaccine company, announced the results from its Phase 3 trial of its
inactivated Covid-19 vaccine candidate, VLA2001. As per the company, the vaccine was as effective as
the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. VLA2001 is an inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine. The Sars-CoV-2 virus is
killed using chemicals, heat, or radiation and delivered in an inactivated form. India’s Covaxin vaccine is
also an inactivated vaccine.
46. Blue Flag exercise, which was seen in the news recently, is associated with which Defence
Force?

[A] Army
[B] Navy
[C] Air Force
[D] Coast Guard
Answer: Air Force
Blue Flag exercise is a biennial Defence Exercise involving Air Force missions from eight countries. As
many as 85 Indian Air Force (IAF) personnel are taking part in the exercise along with five upgraded
Mirage 2000 fighter aircraft. External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar visited Israel’s Ovda Airbase to meet
the Indian contingent participating in the exercise. The US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Greece and Israel
are the other participating countries.
47. Which country is reported to have conducted a hypersonic weapon test using ‘Fractional orbital
bombardment system (FOBS)?
[A] USA
[B] Russia
[C] China
[D] Israel
Answer: China
As per media reports, China’s military conducted two hypersonic weapons tests recently. China first
tested a rocket using ‘Factional orbital bombardment system (FOBS), to launch a hypersonic glide
vehicle capable of carrying nuclear weapons. China is also reported to have conducted a second
hypersonic test in August. However, the Foreign Ministry of China cited the test as a routine spacecraft
test to verify the technology of the spacecraft’s reusability.
48. Which country has successfully transplanted a pig`s kidney onto a human?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] China
Answer: USA
In a first, doctors at a health centre in New York temporarily transplanted a pig`s kidney onto a human. It
is considered as a significant step toward Animal-to-human organ transplants, known as
xenotransplantations. The doctors altered the pig`s genes, to avoid immediate rejection from the human
immune system due to the presence of a sugar molecule in pig cells called Glycan.
49. Kushinagar, where Lord Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana after his death, is located in which
state/UT?
[A] Bihar
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Assam
The ancient city of Kushinagar is the final resting place of Lord Gautama Buddha, where he attained
Mahaparinirvana after his death. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to inaugurate the Kushinagar
International Airport. It is aimed at boosting tourism on the Buddhist circuit. At present, two
international airports are operational in the state of Uttar Pradesh namely Chaudhary Charan Singh
International Airport at Lucknow and Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport at Varanasi.
50. Which country has agreed to increase coking coal supply to India up to 40 million tonnes per

year?
[A] Russia
[B] Israel
[C] USA
[D] Malaysia
Answer: Russia
Russia’s Energy Ministry signed an agreement with India’s Steel Ministry to increase coking coal supply
to India up to 40 million tonnes per year. The deal was signed at the Russian Energy Week Forum, held in
Moscow. Russia currently supplies around 80 lakh tonnes of coal to India. The pact also aims for
development of coal deposits, development of coal logistics and promotion of R&D in production.
51. As per a new report by climate tech startup Blue Sky Analytics, which country topped in
emissions related to crop burning?
[A] India
[B] China
[C] USA
[D] Indonesia
Answer: India
According to a new report released by climate tech startup Blue Sky Analytics, India is at the top in
emissions related to crop burning. India was responsible for 13% of total global emissions for the
2015-2020 period. India also contributed to 12.2 % to cropland fire emissions in 2020. Blue Sky
Analytics, an Indian climate tech startup founded by an IIT alumnus, is also a part of global coalition
“Climate TRACE”.
52. Which country has declared state of Emergency over Crime wave?
[A] Afghanistan
[B] Sudan
[C] Ecuador
[D] Venezuela
Answer: Ecuador
Ecuador President Guillermo Lasso announced a 60-day nationwide state of emergency in response to a
wave of violent crime. The President announced that Police and the armed forces were being mobilised.
As per official figures, the number of murders in the first eight months of this year are twice those in the
same period last year. Some weeks ago, a prison fight in the port city of Guayaquil made 119 inmates
dead.
53. Which state has approved the creation of a directorate under the new ‘Indigenous Faith and
Culture Department’?
[A] Punjab
[B] Assam
[C] Uttarakhand
[D] Bihar
Answer: Assam
The Assam Cabinet has approved the creation of a directorate and posts under the newly-established
Indigenous Faith and Culture Department. The directorate is set to begin the process of preserving
indigenous faiths such as Bathou of the Bodo community and Heraka of the Zeme Naga community.
These are considered to be endangered because of conversions to mainstream religions. Arunachal
Pradesh had formed the Department of Indigenous Affairs five years ago to insulate the indigenous

faiths.
54. What is the rank of India in the Global Food Security (GFS) Index 2021?
[A] 62
[B] 71
[C] 83
[D] 94
Answer: 71
India is ranked at 71st position out of 113 countries in the Global Food Security (GFS) Index 2021, with
an overall score of 57.2 points. It is a global report released by Economist Impact and Corteva
Agriscience. Ireland, Australia, the UK, Finland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Canada, Japan, France and
the US shared the top rank with the overall GFS score in the range of 77.8 and 80 points on the index.
The GFS Index considers 58 unique food security indicators including income and economic inequality.
55. Which institution has launched the ‘Token Reference On File (TROF) service’ for Tokenization of
Cards?
[A] Reserve Bank of India
[B] National Payments Corporation of India
[C] NITI Aayog
[D] SEBI
Answer: National Payments Corporation of India
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) announced the launch of the NPCI Tokenization System
(NTS). The Token Reference On File (TROF) service will help millions of RuPay cardholders maintain the
security of their financial data. This will enable tokenization of cards as an alternative to storing card
details with merchants. The card details of cardholders will be secure at the RuPay Network Secure
vault.
56. Mukhyamantri Ration Aapke Dwar Yojana has been launched by which state?
[A] Uttar Pradesh
[B] Haryana
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Punjab
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
The Government of Madhya Pradesh has announced a scheme named “Mukhyamantri Ration Aapke
Dwar Yojana”, under which physically challenged and senior citizens of the state would be supplied with
ration at the doorsteps, transported by vehicles. Also, ration would be transported to villages in vehicles
where there are no fair price shops.
57. Where is the Institute of Tropical Meteorology located?
[A] Mumbai
[B] Kolkata
[C] New Delhi
[D] Pune
Answer: Pune
The Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) is an autonomous institution under the Union Ministry of
Earth Science, and is located at Pune. The institution has developed and launched a new ‘Decision
Support System’ (DSS) aimed to enhance the existing ‘Air Quality Early Warning System’, for air quality
measurement and management in Delhi – NCR.
58. Which country received non-harmful Nano Nitrogen liquid fertiliser from India to boost
cultivation?
[A] Bangladesh
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] Nepal
[D] Bhutan
Answer: Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka has received the first consignment of 3.1 million litres high quality non-harmful Nano Nitrogen
liquid fertiliser from India. This will help Sri Lanka in the cultivation of maize and paddy. The country’s
President Rajapaksa had decided to impose a total ban on agrochemicals, to make Sri Lankan farming
100% organic. This decision to stop chemical fertiliser imports led to several protests among farmers.
59. Which institution released the 2021 Production Gap Report?
[A] WEF
[B] UNEP
[C] FAO
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: UNEP
The UN Environment Programme (UNEP), along with the leading research institutes released the 2021
Production Gap Report. The report measures the gap between governments’ planned production of coal,
oil, and gas and the global production levels consistent with meeting Paris Agreement limits. As per the
new report, governments plan to produce more than double the amount of fossil fuels in 2030 than the
consistent level to limit global warming to 1.5°C.
60. What is the rank of India, in the World Bank's ease of doing business report, under the
construction permits category?
[A] 27
[B] 49
[C] 72
[D] 124
Answer: 27
In the World Bank's ease of doing business report, under the construction permits category, India's rank
jumped to 27th out of 190 nations from 181st rank last year. Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry has
recently announced that ‘Online building permission system’, which has been implemented in about
2,500 cities so far, will be made operational across all cities by March next year. This will help improve
the 'Ease of Doing Business' in the country.
61. NABARD entered into a MoU with which state for facilitation of Rs 13,200 crore infrastructure
projects over 3 years?
[A] Telangana
[B] Assam
[C] Kerala
[D] Gujarat
Answer: Assam
Nabard has recently entered into a MoU with the Assam government for facilitation of Rs 13,200 crore
infrastructure projects in the state over a period of three years. NABARD has also sanctioned Rs 608
crore for different infrastructure projects in rural areas in Assam. The infrastructure projects include
rural roads, rural bridges, flood protection projects and soil conservation projects under the Rural
Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) – XXVII.

62. ‘Fadaeeyan-e Harim-e Velayat’ is the Nation-wide Defence Drills, conducted by which country?
[A] Iran
[B] Iraq
[C] Israel
[D] UAE
Answer: Iran
Iran’s Air Force is set to conduct a large-scale, nationwide drills named Fadaeeyan-e Harim-e Velayat
(Defenders of Velayat Sanctuary). This is the 10th edition of the drills and it will be held in five airbases
across the country. As per Iran’s Army Air Force Commander, all kinds of indigenous and upgraded
systems and ammunition, heavy and semi-heavy smart bombs, all kinds of laser-guided and radar-
evading missiles will be used during the drills.
63. Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI) is a telescope associated with which space agency?
[A] NASA
[B] ISRO
[C] ESA
[D] CNSA
Answer: NASA
NASA has selected a new space telescope proposal to study the recent history of star birth, star death,
and formation of chemical elements in the Milky Way. The gamma-ray telescope, called the Compton
Spectrometer and Imager (COSI), is set to be launched in 2025 as NASA's latest small astrophysics
mission. COSI will study gamma rays from radioactive atoms produced when massive stars exploded. It
will also probe the origin of our galaxy's positrons, also known as antielectrons.
64. Which fruit is being used by Punjab farmers to prepare Bio Enzymes for improving plant health?
[A] Mango
[B] Kinnow
[C] Banana
[D] Grapes
Answer: Kinnow
The Kinnow is a high yield mandarin hybrid cultivated extensively in the Punjab region of India and
Pakistan. Around 100 farmers in Punjab, especially in the kinnow belt, have started making Bio
Enzymes from this Kinnow fruit. It is usually considered as a waste by farmers. But this fallen fruit can
improve soil, water, air and depleting ground water. It also helps prevent excess usage of chemical
sprays of fungicides and bacterial diseases on crops, especially vegetables and cereals.
65. A micro-snail species named Georissa mawsmaiensis has been discovered in which Indian
state/UT?
[A] Assam
[B] Sikkim
[C] Meghalaya
[D] Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: Meghalaya
A micro-snail species named Georissa mawsmaiensis has been discovered in Mawsmai, a limestone
cave in Meghalaya. Before 170 years, Georissa saritta, a member of the same genus, was collected and
described from the Musmai valley near Cherrapunjee. The researchers involved in the discovery are from
the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bengaluru.
66. Which famous personality has announced to launch a new social media network, called TRUTH

Social?
[A] Donald Trump
[B] Narendra Modi
[C] Hillary Clinton
[D] Kim Jong-un
Answer: Donald Trump
Former US President Donald Trump has recently announced plans to launch a new social media network,
called TRUTH Social. Though he was active in social media, Mr Trump was banned from Twitter and
suspended from Facebook after his supporters stormed the US Capitol. Last year, Twitter and Facebook
even started deleting some of his posts or labelled them as ‘misleading’.
67. Cumbre Vieja, an active volcanic ridge, is located in La Palma Island of which country?
[A] Indonesia
[B] Japan
[C] Philippines
[D] Spain
Answer: Spain
Cumbre Vieja is an active volcanic ridge, is located in Spain’s La Palma Island, a part of Canary Islands.
Recently, as the volcano started erupting, a total of around 7,500 people have been forced to be
evacuated. As per the Scientists, the eruption could continue for three more months. The molten rock
has already covered more than 866 hectares and damaged around 2,185 buildings. The economy of La
Palma is largely based on tourism and banana plantations.
68. Konkan Shakti 2021 is the first-ever tri-services joint exercise between India and which country?
[A] UK
[B] USA
[C] France
[D] Japan
Answer: UK
Konkan Shakti 2021 is the first-ever tri-services joint exercise between India and the UK. The week-long
exercise has begun recently. The exercise will be a platform to share each other’s experiences and to
showcase the cooperation between the two countries. The maritime component of the exercise will be
conducted off India’s west coast and the Harbour phase will be held in Mumbai. The land phase of the
exercise will be held at Chaubatia in Uttarakhand.
69. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a monetary penalty of Rs 1 crore on which payments
bank recently?
[A] Airtel Payment Bank
[B] India Post Payment Bank
[C] Paytm Payment Bank
[D] NSDL Payment Bank
Answer: Paytm Payment Bank
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed a monetary penalty of Rs 1 crore on Paytm Payments Bank
recently. The penalty was for submitting information that did not reflect the factual position. It is an
offence under Section 26 (2) of the Payments and Settlement Act. RBI also imposed a penalty of Rs Rs
27.78 lakh on Western Union Financial Services for non-compliance with Money Transfer Service
Scheme (MTSS) directions.
70. Sandra Mason has been elected as the first ever President of which country?

[A] Saint Lucia

[B] Barbados
[C] Saint Lucia
[D] The Bahamas
Answer: Barbados
Barbados has elected its first-ever president Sandra Mason to replace Britain’s Queen Elizabeth as head
of state. Barbados is a former British colony that gained independence in 1966 but had maintained ties
with the British monarchy. There have been calls from across the country for full sovereignty and
homegrown leadership. Sandra Mason was a former jurist who has been governor-general of the country
since 2018.
71. As per the 2021 Global Agricultural Productivity Report, what is the annual rate of Total factor
productivity (TFP)?
[A] 0.50 %
[B] 1.36 %
[C] 2.50 %
[D] 4.00 %
Answer: 1.36 %
According to the 2021 Global Agricultural Productivity Report (GAP Report), total factor productivity
(TFP) is growing at an annual rate of 1.36 per cent. This is below the Global Agricultural Productivity
Index, whose annual target is at 1.73 per cent growth to sustainably meet the needs of consumers for
food and bio-energy in 2050. TFP tracks changes in how efficiently agricultural inputs such as land,
labour, fertiliser and machinery are transformed into outputs like crops and aquaculture products.
72. Nuri, is the first homegrown rocket, launched recently by which country?
[A] South Korea
[B] UAE
[C] Singapore
[D] Malaysia
Answer: South Korea
South Korea has launched its first homegrown rocket. It is named as the Korean Satellite Launch Vehicle
II, also known as Nuri. The vehicle took off from Goheung, about 500km (310 miles) south of Seoul.
Though it completed its full flight sequence, the vehicle failed in its goal of putting a dummy satellite in
orbit. South Korea plans to carry out four more launches of the Nuri until 2027 to increase reliability.
73. Which new species, recently identified in India, has been named after Jackie Chan?
[A] Spider
[B] Gecko
[C] Snake
[D] Tortoise
Answer: Gecko
Scientists have named a newly identified gecko species, the Jackie’s day gecko (Cnemaspis jackieii),
after Jackie Chan. This lizard is one of 12 new gecko species found in India and all 12 species are
endemic to the Western Ghats. Due to its agile nature, similar to the ace martial artist Chan, it has been
named so. It is one of 12 new gecko species found in India that the researchers describe in Zoological
Research.
74. IUCN has recently alerted which Indian state on the threats faced by Bengal florican?
[A] West Bengal

[B] Assam
[C] Bihar
[D] Uttarakhand
Answer: Assam
International Union for Conservation (IUCN), Global conservation body alerted Assam government on the
threats faced by Bengal florican. As per IUCN, Development activities and the state government's plan to
set up a university at Kokilabari seed farm near Manas National Park in Assam has posed a threat to the
Bengal florican. IUCN urged that the Kokilabari seed farm, which is a haven for the Bengal florican,
should be protected by declaring it a community reserve.
75. Which country has announced plans to develop an extreme park named "The Rig"?
[A] Saudi Arabia
[B] Israel
[C] Afghanistan
[D] Iran
Answer: Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia has announced plans to massive new theme park, or ‘Extreme Park’. Named “The Rig”, it is
claimed to be massive new theme park. The country also announced earlier that they were developing a
new city with the world’s fastest roller coaster in 2023. Dubai, a major city of the UAE is known for the
entertainment attractions including the Burj Khalifa. It plans to convert an oil rig into a massive 1.6
million-square-foot, to be opened in 2025.
76. Which Indian freedom fighter wrote poems under the pen name of Varasi and Hazarat?
[A] Ashfaqullah Khan
[B] Abul Kalam Azad
[C] Chandra Shekhar Azad
[D] Bhagat Singh
Answer: Ashfaqullah Khan
Ashfaqullah Khan, an Indian freedom fighter, was sentenced to death at the age of 27 for the Kakori train
robbery. He was born on October 22, 1900 and he was remembered recently on his anniversary. Ram
Prasad Bismil and Chandrashekhar Azad were among the people who were part of the Kakori train
robbery of 1925. He used to write poems in Urdu and Hindi, under the pen name Varasi and Hazarat.
77. The United Nations has recently set up a special trust fund for which country, to tackle economic
crisis?
[A] Iran
[B] Venezuela
[C] Afghanistan
[D] Sri Lanka
Answer: Afghanistan
The United Nations has recently set up a special trust fund for Afghanistan, amidst its economic crisis.
The primary aim of the trust fund is to inject liquidity into Afghan households. As per the UN
Development Programme’s (UNDP), Germany had pledged 50 million euros ($58m) to the fund.
International Monetary Fund announced that Afghanistan’s economy is set to contract up to 30 percent
this year.
78. Which country has become the top source of Chinese rice imports during January-August 2021?
[A] India
[B] Nepal

[C] Indonesia
[D] Bangladesh
Answer: India
India has become the top source of Chinese rice imports during January-August this year. The
shipments during the month of August alone accounted for 45 per cent of the total imports. This data
has been released in the USDA’s Global Agricultural Information Network (GAIN) report on China’s rice
prices. It said Indian rice made up 23 per cent of total imports by China during January-August this year.
79. Which Ministry is associated with ‘Centre for Financial Literacy & Service Delivery (SAKSHAM
Centres)’?
[A] Ministry of Finance
[B] Ministry of Rural Development
[C] Ministry of Education
[D] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Rural Development
Under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) of the Ministry of
Rural Development, a total of 152 Centre for Financial Literacy & Service Delivery (SAKSHAM
Centres) were launched across 77 districts of 13 states. The Centres would act as one stop solution for
basic financial needs of Self-Help Group (SHG) households in rural areas. The main objective of the
Centre is to provide financial literacy and deliver financial services to SHG members and rural poor.
80. What is the Financial Outlay for the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan?
[A] Rs. 100 crore
[B] Rs. 1000 crore
[C] Rs. 1 lakh crore
[D] Rs. 100 lakh crore
Answer: Rs. 100 lakh crore
The Union Cabinet has approved the ambitious Rs. 100 lakh crore PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.
The plan was launched by the Prime Minister on October 13, which aims to create multi modal
connectivity in India and bring infrastructure under one common platform. The master plan envisages to
create a centralised portal comprising of all infra-activities in India involving 16 central ministries and
departments to achieve coordinated planning and project execution.
81. Which country has reported hundreds of cases of infection caused by the bacteria salmonella?
[A] USA
[B] China
[C] Japan
[D] Australia
Answer: USA
Over 650 cases of infection caused by the bacteria salmonella (Salmonellosis) have been reported in the
US. The outbreak is suspected to have been caused by contaminated onions. Though there were no
fatalities, over 100 patients were hospitalised. As of now, the infections have been linked to whole, fresh
onions imported from Mexico between the beginning of July and end-August this year.
82. What is the name of the storm that has swept across Poland, Germany, France and the
Netherlands?
[A] Alisa
[B] Aurore
[C] Afro

[D] Bizarre
Answer: Aurore
Storm "Aurore" swept across parts of northern Europe, leaving four dead in Poland and causing severe
damage in Germany, France, the Netherlands and other places. Power disruption were observed across
Northern Europe due to the strong winds and fallen trees. Several houses and properties were
destroyed. Railways and Airlines were also disturbed due to the effects of the storm.
83. Which institution released the ‘Global Threat Assessment report 2021’?
[A] UNICEF
[B] WeProtect Global Alliance
[C] CRY
[D] World Economic Forum
Answer: WeProtect Global Alliance
WeProtect Global Alliance, a global movement released the ‘Global Threat Assessment report 2021’. As
per the report, COVID-19 contributed to a significant spike in child sexual exploitation and abuse online.
WeProtect Global Alliance is a global movement of more than 200 governments, private sector
companies and civil society organisations. It aims to transform the global response to child sexual
exploitation and abuse online.
84. What is the name of the High-speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT), flight-tested today by
DRDO?
[A] ARYAN
[B] ABHYAS
[C] AKSHARA
[D] ARUN
Answer: ABHYAS
ABHYAS - the High-speed Expendable Aerial Target (HEAT) was successfully flight-tested by Defence
Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The vehicle was tested from the Integrated Test Range
(ITR), Chandipur off the coast of Bay of Bengal in Odisha. It can be used as an aerial target to evaluate
various missile systems. ABHYAS is designed and developed by DRDO’s Aeronautical Development
Establishment (ADE), Bengaluru.
85. Which Asian country is set to present its “climate prosperity plan” in the UN Climate Conference
at Glasgow?
[A] India
[B] Bangladesh
[C] Sri Lanka
[D] Nepal
Answer: Bangladesh
Bangladesh has announced that it would present its “climate prosperity plan” at the upcoming UN
Climate Conference at Glasgow. Bangladesh is considered prone to extreme weather and rising ocean
levels. The plans aim to lessen the effects of climate change on the economy. It also seeks to boost
renewable energy, make agriculture more resistant to climate shocks and restore mangroves to protect
coasts from cyclones.
86. What is the minimum capital proposed by the RBI for four all India financial institutions (AIFI)?
[A] 9.50 %
[B] 10.50 %

[C] 11.50 %
[D] 12.00 %
Answer: 11.50 %
The Reserve Bank of India has proposed minimum 11.5% capital for the four all India financial
institutions (AIFI). Minimum total capital is proposed at 9% along with minimum capital buffer at 2.5%.
This proposal has been made in line with Basel III framework to raise their financial strength in periods
of stress. The new capital norms would be applicable to Exim Bank, NABARD, NHB and SIDBI from the
next fiscal year.
87. The first calf of which cattle breed was born using in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in India?
[A] Sahiwal
[B] Banni
[C] Ongole
[D] Murrah
Answer: Banni
Union Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying announced that the first calf of Banni
buffalo breed was born using in-vitro fertilisation (IVF). A Banni buffalo belonging to a dairy farmer in Gir
Somnath gave birth to the IVF male calf. The process was carried out to enhance the number of
genetically superior buffaloes to increase milk production. Banni breed of buffaloes, found primarily in
Gujarat's Kutch region, are known for its resilience and higher milk producing capacity in an arid
environment
88. What is the theme of World Polio Day 2021?
[A] Leaving No one behind
[B] Delivering on a Promise
[C] Inclusive and Inspirational
[D] No Polio World
Answer: Delivering on a Promise
World Polio Day is observed on October 24 every year to raise awareness for polio vaccination and to
eradicate polio. The theme of World Polio Day 2021 is “Delivering on a Promise”. The World Polio Day
was established by Rotary International to commemorate the birth of Jonas Salk, who led the first team
to develop a vaccine against poliomyelitis. Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) had reduced polio
worldwide by 99%, as of 2013.
89. Which global bloc has entered into an agreement cross-border data use and digital trade?
[A] G-20
[B] G-7
[C] ASEAN
[D] BRICS
Answer: G-7
The Group of Seven wealthy nations agreed on a collective set of principles to govern cross-border data
use and digital trade. The deal is expected to bridge the highly regulated data protection rules used in
European countries and the more open methods of the United States. Trade ministers from the G7
reached agreement at a meeting held recently in London.
90. Amended Technology Up-gradation Fund Scheme (ATUFS), is implemented by which Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Defence
[B] Ministry of Textiles
[C] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[D] Ministry of MSME

Answer: Ministry of Textiles
The Union Ministry of Textiles introduced the Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) in 1999 as a
credit-linked subsidy scheme. It aimed to modernise, upgrade technology in the sector, promote ease of
doing business and increase employment opportunities. The ongoing Amended TUTS (ATUFS) was
approved in 2016 and implemented through web-based iTUFS platform. ATUFS was approved for a
period from 2015-16 to 2021-22 with an allocation of Rs 17,822 crore. This scheme was recently
reviewed by the Union Textile Ministry
91. When is the ‘World Development Information Day’ observed every year?
[A] October 24
[B] October 26
[C] October 28
[D] October 30
Answer: October 24
The United Nations celebrates the World Development Information Day, on October 24 every year. The
first World Development Information Day was held in 1973. World Development Information Day was
founded by the UN in 1972, to raise awareness about problems related to development and enhance
efforts to solve them through strengthening global collaboration. This year, the theme for the day is
Action for Sustainable Development Goal.
92. Which country has declared ambassadors from western countries as 'persona non grata'?
[A] China
[B] North Korea
[C] Turkey
[D] Israel
Answer: Turkey
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan has ordered his foreign ministry to declare 10 ambassadors from
western countries 'persona non grata'. This decision has been taken after the ambassadors of 10
countries including the US, German, France, Norway, Sweden among others, calling for the release of
philanthropist Osman Kavala. ‘Persona non grata’ can remove diplomatic status and results in
withdrawal of recognition of envoys. Osman Kavala has been in jail for more than four years over
protests and a coup attempt.
93. ‘Old Kingdom’, which was seen in the news, is associated with which country?
[A] Greece
[B] Egypt
[C] China
[D] India
Answer: Egypt
Recent works on a mummy excavated in 2019 suggests that ancient Egyptians living during the time of
the Old Kingdom (between 2700BC and 2200BC) were already carrying out sophisticated burials of dead
bodies. This is 1,000 years earlier than the previously known information. This discovery was featured in
a 2020 episode of National Geographic’s Lost Treasures of Egypt. As per the researchers, the
development will change the understanding of the evolution of the process of mummification.
94. Which country launched the ‘Syracuse 4A satellite’, to enhance the communication of its armed
forces?
[A] Israel

[B] UAE
[C] France
[D] Germany
Answer: France
France has successfully launched the ‘Syracuse 4A satellite’ into orbit. It is a state-of-the-art satellite,
designed to allow France’s armed forces across the globe to communicate swiftly and securely. The
Ariane 5 rocket carrying the Syracuse 4A satellite took off from Kourou, in French Guiana. The satellite
has anti-jamming antenna and digital transparent processor on board and can guarantee a high
resistance to extreme jamming methods.
95. What is the name of the scheme launched recently, to strengthen healthcare infrastructure by
building IT-enabled system?
[A] PM Jan Arogya Yojana
[B] PM Atal Arogya Yojana
[C] PM Aatmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana
[D] PM Aatmanirbhar Atal Swasth Yojana
Answer: PM Aatmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Pradhan Mantri Aatmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana
(PMASBY) in Varanasi. The scheme aims to strengthen healthcare infrastructure across the country, to
fill critical gaps in public health infrastructure, especially in critical care facilities and primary care in
both urban and rural areas. The aim of the PMASBY is to build an IT enabled disease surveillance
system at block, district, regional and national levels.
96. What is the name of India's first indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC)?
[A] Arjun
[B] Vikrant
[C] Kattabomman
[D] Bharathi
Answer: Vikrant
India’s first indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC) Vikrant has recently begun its second phase of sea trails,
ahead of its planned induction into the Indian Navy by August 2022. The warship will operate MiG-29K
fighter jets, Kamov-31 helicopters, MH-60R multi-role helicopters. It is a 40,000-tonne aircraft carrier and
the largest and most complex warship to be built in India. IAC Vikrant successfully completed a five-day
maiden sea trial in August.
97. Cretapsara athanata, which was discovered recently as a dinosaur era species, is a ………
[A] Turtle
[B] Crab
[C] Snake
[D] Gecko
Answer: Crab
An international team of researchers has described the first crab from the Cretaceous dinosaur era
preserved in amber. The study used micro CT to examine and describe Cretapsara athanata, the oldest
modern-looking crab and the most complete fossil crab ever discovered. The crab fossil extends back
into the early Jurassic, more than 200 million years ago. The fossil is complete and is not missing a
single hair on the body.
98. Which country has launched a ‘National infrastructure fund’ with BlackRock?
[A] Saudi Arabia

[B] Germany
[C] Australia
[D] UAE
Answer: Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia has launched a national infrastructure fund to support up to 200 billion riyals ($53 billion)
in projects over the next decade. It will be advised by the world's largest fund manager BlackRock. The
National Infrastructure Fund (NIF) will invest in sectors such as water, transportation, energy and health.
Saudi Arabia is preparing to transform the economy to make it less reliant on oil revenue.
99. At which city, is the ‘Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission’ inaugurated by the Prime
Minister?
[A] Pune
[B] Varanasi
[C] Gandhi Nagar
[D] Patna
Answer: Varanasi
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission from
Uttar Pradesh’s Varanasi. Claimed to be “India’s largest scheme to scale-up health infrastructure”, the
mission is aimed at ensuring a robust public health infrastructure in both urban and rural areas. It also
aims to make the system capable of responding to public health emergencies or disease outbreak.
100. As of October 2021, how many routes have been operationalized under the UDAN scheme?
[A] 189
[B] 289
[C] 389
[D] 489
Answer: 389
Union Minister of Civil Aviation virtually flagged off the first direct flight on the Shillong – Dibrugarh
route under the Regional Connectivity Scheme – Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik (RCS-UDAN) of the
Government of India. Till date, 389 routes and 62 airports have been operationalized under the UDAN
scheme. The airports in the North East have now risen to 15 airports in 2021, from 6 air ports in 2014.
101. What is the theme of the Vigilance Awareness Week 2021?
[A] Independent India at 75; self-reliance with integrity
[B] Azadi ka Amrut Mahotsav
[C] Sacch Bharat; Swasth Bharat
[D] Atma Mirbhar Aur Sacch Bharat
Answer: Independent India at 75; self-reliance with integrity
The Vigilance Awareness Week is observed every year, led by the Central Vigilance Commission. It is an
awareness week campaign observed across various parts of the country. The Vigilance Awareness
Week for this year starts form October 26 to November 1 as per the guidelines of Central Vigilance
Commission. The theme of Vigilance Awareness Week 2021 is "Independent India at 75; self-reliance
with integrity".
102. Which Union Ministry recently launched podcast series on the freedom struggle?
[A] Ministry of Defence
[B] Ministry of Culture
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs
[D] Ministry of External Affairs

Answer: Ministry of Culture

Union Culture Minister G. Kishan Reddy launched a podcast series on the freedom struggle as a part of
the ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’ celebrations. The series titled ‘Zara Yaad Karo Qurbani’, would focus on
the people and movements that contributed to the freedom struggle. The series will be available
on amritmahotsav.nic.in, Spotify, Soundcloud, and other platforms for podcasts.
103. Who is the chairperson of the new National Steering Committee (NSC) set up to implement the
NIOUN Bharat Mission?
[A] Union Education Minister
[B] Union Skill Development Minister
[C] NITI Aayog CEO
[D] ISRO Chairperson
Answer: Union Education Minister
A National Steering Committee (NSC) has been recently formed for the implementation of National
Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN) Bharat Mission. It will be
chaired by the Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and Minister of State for Education
Annapurna Devi would be the vice-chairperson. The Department of School Education and Literacy had
launched the Mission in July 2021, to achieve the goal of universal proficiency in foundational literacy
and numeracy for every child by end of Class 3 by 2026-27.
104. The UN Disarmament Week is observed annually during which month?
[A] November
[B] October
[C] September
[D] August
Answer: October
The UN Disarmament Week is observed annually during the month of October. This year disarmament
week started on October 24 and the week-long observance will continue till October 30. It aims to
promote the awareness and understanding the issues of disarmament in several countries. The
observance aims to reduce the use of weapons, specifically nuclear weapons, to bring peace in the
society. The United Nations Disarmament Commission (UNDC) was set up in 1952 under the UN Security
Council to eliminate all weapons of mass destruction.
105. What is the IUCN status of the ‘Shelley's eagle owls’, which were seen in the news recently?
[A] Near Threatened
[B] Vulnerable
[C] Endangered
[D] Critically Endangered
Answer: Vulnerable
Shelley's eagle owl is a rare species, which is considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. IUCN
estimates that there are between 1,500 and 7,000 adult individuals in the wild. They are the largest owls
that live in Africa's rainforests, but they are very rare to be spotted by humans. There have been no
confirmed photographs of the species since scientists first catalogued its existence 150 years ago.
Recently, British scientists snapped a photo of the bird, which can grow to be around two feet. It has
black eyes and a yellow bill.
106. India is set to celebrate ‘Ganga Utsav’ in which month?
[A] October
[B] November

[C] December
[D] January
Answer: November
The Indian Government is set to celebrate Ganga Utsav from November 1 to November 3, this year. It
focusses on encouraging stakeholder engagement and public participation towards rejuvenation of the
Ganga River. Several activities, designed for the central and state levels, will be organised in both
physical and virtual mode, as per the National Mission for Clean Ganga.
107. Silver Forget-Me-Not (FMN) butterfly has been sighted recently in which state?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Gujarat
[C] Karnataka
[D] Kerala
Answer: Tamil Nadu
A rare butterfly species, called the Silver Forget-Me-Not (FMN), has been spotted twice inside the
Srivilliputhur-Meghamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu. With this new addition, there are 318 recorded
species in the list of butterflies in the State. The Silver FMN was recorded in Kerala, in 2019; in Andaman
& Nicobar Islands between 2015 and 2017 and in Sikkim, West Bengal and the in some Northeast States
between 2005 and 2020.
108. Indian origin politician Anita Anand, has been appointed as the Defence Minister of which
country?
[A] USA
[B] Australia
[C] New Zealand
[D] Canada
Answer: Canada
Anita Anand, an Indian origin politician of Canada has been appointed as Canada's new Defence
Minister. This appointment has been made by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau as a part of the country’s
cabinet reshuffle. Anita Anand will succeed Indian-origin Harjit Sajjan as the Defence Minister, who held
the position for a very long time.
109. What is the total membership of the East Asia Summit, presently?
[A] 10
[B] 18
[C] 23
[D] 46
Answer: 18
East Asia Summit (EAS) is an intergovernmental forum comprising of 18 members - ASEAN countries
(Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam)
along with Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Russia and the USA. The
16th meeting of the EAS was held recently in a virtual format, in which India was represented by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi.
110. In which year was the ASEAN established?
[A] 1967
[B] 1999
[C] 2000
[D] 2005

Answer: 1967
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an intergovernmental forum established in the
year 1967 and is headquartered in Indonesia. This year’s diplomatic summit of ASEAN has commenced
recently, and it has refused to allow Senior General Min Aung Hlaing of Myanmar to represent the
country. In turn Myanmar has skipped the meeting as a protest to the ASEAN’s decision.
111. Which institution launched the first 'Impact Bond' for skilling in India?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] NSDC
[C] IFSC
[D] NASSCOM
Answer: NSDC
The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) launched the first and the largest 'Impact Bond' for
skilling in India. The Skill Impact Bond was launched in collaboration with technical partners, including
HRH Prince Charles's British Asian Trust, MSDF, CIFF, HSBC India, JSW Foundation and Dubai Cares,
with FCDO (UK Government) & USAID. It involves a USD 14.4 million fund which will benefit 50,000 youth
by making them employment ready.
112. India signed a $4.5 million project readiness financing (PRF) loan to improve urban mobility in
Aizawl, with which bank?
[A] ADB
[B] AIIB
[C] World Bank
[D] BRICS Bank
Answer: ADB
The Government of India and the Asian Development Bank signed a $4.5 million project readiness
financing (PRF) loan. It aims to support project preparation and design activities to improve urban
mobility in Aizawl, the capital city of Mizoram. It aims to identify high-priority urban transport
investments and develop a Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) for Aizawl and promote climate and
disaster resilience.
113. Which regional association is to adopt the connectivity master plan worth USD 124 billion?
[A] ASEAN
[B] SAARC
[C] BIMSTEC
[D] G-20
Answer: BIMSTEC
The regional association BIMSTEC will adopt the connectivity master plan which includes 267 projects
worth USD 124 billion in its upcoming summit at Colombo. The Secretary-General of BIMSTEC Tenzin
Lekphell said that BIMSTEC Charter will also be signed during the summit. Bay of Bengal Initiative for
Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is a regional organization. Set up in
1997, it includes seven member states Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and
Thailand.
114. Trigonopterus corona, which was seen in the news recently, belongs to which species?
[A] Beetle
[B] Gecko
[C] Snake
[D] Spider

Answer: Beetle
Scientists have recently discovered 28 new species of beetles. One of them has been named
Trigonopterus corona, marking the large impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on this project. In April, a new
species of caddisfly was collected near a stream in Kosovo by a team of scientists, and was named
Potamophylax coronavirus. Before that, some insects were named P. coronavirus, A. quarentnus, S.
Covida.
115. Queen Heo Hwang-ok Memorial Park, which was seen in the news recently, is located in which
country?
[A] South Korea
[B] India
[C] China
[D] Thailand
Answer: India
The park, which was earlier known as Ram Katha Park, situated on the banks of the Sarayu in Ayodhya,
is being renovated. After it is inaugurated on November 4, the space will be known as Queen Heo
Hwang-ok Memorial Park. It is named after a Korean queen. Queen Heo Hwang-ok was a Korean queen
who is believed to have been born Princess Suriratna of Ayodhya, daughter of King Padmasen and
Indumati. Padmasen ruled the kingdom of Kausala, a region which extended from present-day Uttar
Pradesh to Odisha.
116. Which country has recently proposed a ‘Wealth Tax’?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] Switzerland
Answer: USA
US President Joe Biden has announced more conventional proposed rate hikes on the income of large
corporations and the wealthiest Americans, similar to a ‘Wealth Tax’. This new tax would apply to people
with over $1 billion in assets or $100 million in income for three straight years. Billionaires would also
face an additional tax on non-tradable assets such as real estate and business interests once those
assets are sold. This new tax is expected to raise $200 billion to $250 billion.
117. As per the ‘Digital 2021: October Global Snapshot”, what is the world’s population that uses a
mobile phone?
[A] 45
[B] 65
[C] 75
[D] 80
Answer: 65
Research firm We Are Social released a report titled ‘Digital 2021: October Global Snapshot”. As per the
report, more than 65% of the world’s population now uses a mobile phone. Global mobile phone users
reached 5.29 billion in October and the global users are increasing by nearly 100 million in the past year.
The report also highlighted that social media users are likely to be adopted by 60% of the global
population in the first half of 2022.
118. Raorchestes ponmudi, which is endemic to the Western Ghats, belongs to which species?
[A] Snake
[B] Turtle

[C] Frog
[D] Gecko
Answer: Frog
A frog species endemic to the Western Ghats named Raorchestes ponmudi or Bush frod, has been
identified as cardamom-friendly. The bush frog, or Raorchestes ponmudi eats up the shoot
borer Conogethes punctiferalis. They kill the moths that are known to destroy cardamom’s plants in a
large-scale. The moths destroying the pseudo-stems of the plants have been a great menace to farmers.
119. Which Union Ministry organised the “SAMBHAV”, a National Level Awareness
Programme-2021?
[A] Ministry of Education
[B] Ministry of MSME
[C] Ministry of Skill Development
[D] Ministry of Rural Development
Answer: Ministry of MSME
Union Minister of MSME Narayan Rane launched“SAMBHAV”, a National Level Awareness
Programme-2021. It is being organised by Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in New Delhi.
The outreach program will be a one-month long initiative in which students from different colleges/ITIs
will be encouraged by 130 field offices of the Ministry to take up entrepreneurship. College students will
be made aware of the schemes being implemented by the Ministry of MSME.
120. ‘Baldev Prakash’ has been appointed as the Managing Director and CEO of which bank?
[A] IDBI Bank
[B] Indian Bank
[C] Central Bank of India
[D] Jammu and Kashmir Bank
Answer: Jammu and Kashmir Bank
Baldev Prakash has been appointed as the Managing Director and CEO of Jammu and Kashmir Bank.
The Reserve Bank of India has approved this appointment recently. Presently, Baldev Prakash is the
Chief General Manager (Digital and Transaction Banking Marketing Department) at State Bank of India.
The Government of Jammu & Kashmir holds majority shareholding of 68.18% in the Jammu and Kashmir
Bank.
Note:
The above 120 questions are part of Daily Current Affairs 20 MCQs Series in GKToday’s Academy
Android Application. This series can be subscribed in the app only for Rs. 750/- for entire year.
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Current Affairs [PDF] - October 16-31, 2021

Last Updated: November 5, 2021

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Report: India at top in Emissions related to Crop Burning ......................................................................................................... 31

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Standing Committee on IT to examine media ethics .................................................................................................................. 60

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BRICS Joint Statistical Publication- Highlights .............................................................................................................................. 90

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– Norway: Leader of Labor Party Jonas Gahr Store becomes new PM

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current Chair of ASEAN

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Conclusion of the meeting

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space station on October 16, 2021.

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sector insurance companies and key crop-producing states.

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Economics at Harvard University.

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Drukpa order of Buddhism.

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basis of recommendation of Principal Economic Advisor of Finance Ministry, Sanjeev Sanyal.

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programme of the central government.

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Focus of the programme

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since the Taliban takeover in August 2021.

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