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En Tshoot v6 Ch03 - FR
En Tshoot v6 Ch03 - FR
Course v6 Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Chapter 3 Objectives
▪ Utiliser les commandes Cisco IOS pour recueillir
des informations à l’appui du processus de
diagnostics.
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Utiliser les
commandes Cisco
IOS pour recueillir
des informations
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Collecte et filtrage d’informations en utilisant
les commandes IOS SHOW
Filtering show ip route command output
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Collecte et filtrage d’informations en utilisant
les commandes IOS SHOW
Using show ip route with network addresses
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Collecte et filtrage d’informations en utilisant
les commandes IOS SHOW
Using the longer-prefixes keyword with show ip route
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Collecte et filtrage d’informations en utilisant
les commandes IOS SHOW
Using pipes with include, exclude and begin
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Collecte et filtrage d’informations en utilisant
les commandes IOS SHOW
Using pipes with section and ^
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Collecte et filtrage d’informations en utilisant
les commandes IOS SHOW
Using the redirect and tee options
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Collecte et filtrage d’informations en utilisant
les commandes IOS SHOW
Using the append option and the more command
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Tests de connectivité à l’aide de Cisco IOS
commandes réseau
Router#
ping ip-address | hostname [repeat repeat-count size
datagram-size source [address | interface] df-bit]
Parameter Description
repeat repeat- Number of ping packets that are sent to the destination
count address. The default is 5.
size datagram-size Size of the ping packet (in bytes). Default: 100 bytes.
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Tests de connectivité à l’aide de Cisco IOS
commandes réseau
Using the ping extended option: source
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Tests de connectivité à l’aide de Cisco IOS
commandes réseau
Using the ping extended option: df-bit
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Tests de connectivité à l’aide de Cisco IOS
commandes réseau
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Tests de connectivité à l’aide de Cisco IOS
commandes réseau
Using the ping extended prompt mode
R1# ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 10.1.221.1
Repeat count [5]: 1
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface:
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]: yes
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]: y
Sweep min size [36]: 1400
Sweep max size [18024]: 1500
Sweep interval [1]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 101, [1400..1500]-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.221.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
<output omitted>
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Tests de connectivité à l’aide de Cisco IOS
commandes réseau
Using Telnet to test the Transport and Application Layer
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Collecte en temps réel d’informations à l’aide
de Cisco IOS déboguer commandes
The debug ip packet command output
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Collecte en temps réel d’informations à l’aide
de Cisco IOS déboguer commandes
The debug ip rip command output
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
Collecte en temps réel d’informations à l’aide
de Cisco IOS déboguer commandes
Using the debug condition command
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
Diagnostic des problèmes de matériel à l’aide
de commandes IOS Cisco
Checking CPU utilization with show processes cpu
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
Diagnostic des problèmes de matériel à l’aide
de commandes IOS Cisco
Checking memory utilization with the show memory
command
R1# show memory
Head Total(b) Used(b) Free(b) Lowest(b) Largest(b)
Processor 820B1DB4 26534476 19686964 6847512 6288260 6712884
I/O 3A00000 6291456 3702900 2588556 2511168 2577468
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
Diagnostic des problèmes de matériel à l’aide
de commandes IOS Cisco
Checking interfaces with the show interfaces command
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
Diagnostic des problèmes de matériel à l’aide
de commandes IOS Cisco
Additional hardware commands and tools:
▪ show controllers
▪ show platform
▪ show inventory
▪ show diag
▪ Generic Online Diagnostics (GOLD)
▪ Time Domain Reflectometer
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
Maintenance et
Dépannage à l’aide
des outils spécials
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
Outils de capture de trafic
Sample screen shot from a protocol analyzer: Wireshark
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
Outils de capture de trafic
Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN)
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
Outils de capture de trafic
Remote Switched Port Analyzer (RSPAN)
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
Outils de capture de trafic
Remote Switched Port Analyzer (RSPAN) – Cont.
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
Recueillir des informations avec SNMP
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
Recueillir des informations avec NetFlow
Exemple: Simple Configuration de NetFlow
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
Recueillir des informations avec NetFlow
show ip cache flow command output
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
SNMP vs NetFlow Comparison
SNMP NetFlow
Statistiques sur les routeurs et switchs ✓ ✓
Collections des statistiques variées sur les composants du réseau ✓
Collections seulement les statistiques du trafic IP sur les ✓
composants du réseau
Utilise le modèle « PUSH »: les composants envoient les ✓
données au collecteur
Utilise le modèle « PULL »: NMS envoie des requêtes pour ✓
récupérer les données sur les composants
Peut permettre de collecter aussi des indicateurs de performance ✓
comme: erreurs sur les interfaces, Usage CPU, Usage de la
mémoire…
Les statistiques collectées contiennent beaucoup de granularité ✓
Cisco IOS routers but only the 4500 and 6500 series switches ✓
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
Activation de Notification d’événement réseau
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
Activation de Notification d’événement réseau –
Embedded Event Manager (EEM)
▪ Enables custom policies that trigger actions based on
events:
• syslog messages
• Cisco IOS counter changes
• SNMP MIB object changes
• SNMP traps
• CLI command execution
• Timers and many other options
▪ Actions can consist of:
• Sending SNMP traps or syslog messages
• Executing CLI commands
• Sending email
• Running Tool Command Language (TCL) scripts
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
Activation de Notification d’événement réseau
– EEM
A sample EEM Configuration
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36
Activation de Notification d’événement réseau
– EEM
A sample EEM policy result
R1# conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#
Jul 13 03:24:41.473 PDT: %HA_EM-2-LOG: CONFIG-STARTED: Configuration mode was
entered
Jul 13 03:24:41.473 PDT: %HA_EM-6-LOG: CONFIG-STARTED: Change control policies
apply. Authorized access only
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37
Chapter 3 Summary
▪ Filtering using Cisco IOS commands can be accomplished by:
• Specifying an IP address as an option with the show ip route command.
• Specifying a prefix as an option with the show ip route command followed by the
longer-prefixes keyword.
• Appending a pipe operator “|” to the show command followed by one of the keywords
include, exclude, or begin and then a regular expression.
• Selecting specific portions of the configuration output with any associated lines. For
example, the command show running-config | section router.
▪ Command output can be redirected, copied or appended to a file by
using the pipe operator “|” and the following options:
• The redirect option - Output will not be displayed on the screen, but redirected to a
text file that can be stored locally in flash memory or on a TFTP or FTP server.
• The tee option - Displays output on the screen and copies it to a text file.
• The append option – Similar to the redirect option, but allows appending output to a file
instead of replacing that file.
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
Chapter 3 Summary – Cont.
▪ Ping is an excellent connectivity-testing tool, especially
when used with its options such as repeat, size,
source, and df-bit. If you type ping with no IP address
and press Enter, the extended ping dialog allows you to
choose more options such as sweep sizes.
▪ Telnet allows Transport Layer and partial Application Layer
testing using a session to any TCP port of an IP device. If
the port is active you will get a response such as “Open”. A
“no” response or refusal indicates that either the port is not
active on the target IP device or that security features don’t
allow you to connect to that port.
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39
Chapter 3 Summary – Cont.
▪ Cisco IOS Software includes commands to diagnose hardware operation.
Commands that are common to both routers and switches are:
• show processes cpu
• show memory
• show interfaces
▪ Other commands that can be useful in troubleshooting hardware related
problems are:
• show controllers
• show platform
• show inventory
• show diag
▪ Some features that can be used to diagnose interface hardware or cabling
issues are:
• Generic Online Diagnostics (GOLD)
• Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR)
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40
Chapter 3 Summary – Cont.
▪ Examples of network monitoring and event reporting tools are:
• Logging system messages to syslog
• Event notification using SNMP
• Event notification using the Embedded Event Manager (EEM)
▪ Examples of incident related information gathering tools are SPAN and
RSPAN (used for traffic capturing).
▪ Examples of baseline creation and traffic accounting tools are:
• Statistics gathering using SNMP
• Traffic accounting using NetFlow
▪ Packet sniffers can be used to capture packets in order to allow detailed
analysis of packet flows. Taking packet captures at various points in the
network allows you to spot potential differences.
▪ Two main technologies that can be used to create a baseline of network
usage and performance are SNMP and NetFlow.
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41
Chapter 3 Labs
▪ Lab 3-1 Assembling Maintenance and Troubleshooting
Tools
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42
Chapter #
© 2007 – 2010, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 43