Detailed Lesson Plan in Science and Health for Grade 11

I. Objectives
At the end of the 80 minutes lesson, the students will be able to:
a) Identify the digestive system and its major parts.
b) Trace the flow of food as it is being digested.
c) Appreciate the importance of each part of Digestive System.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Digestive System
B. References:
 Carmelita M. Capco, Phoenix Science Series (Biology)
 Mariano, Jan Jason, Science Links II (Biology). Sampaloc, Manila: Rex
Book Store, Inc
 Campo, Pia, et.al, Science Grade 8 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Vibal
Publishing House, Inc.
C. Values: Honesty, Develop the correct habit of eating for proper digestion.

III. Materials: LCD projector, Laptop, Strips of Cartolina, White Board Marker, Visual
aid (Picture of Human Digestive System), Chocolate

IV. Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Daily Activities:

1. Prayer

“Everybody, please stand for the (The students will stand and pray)
prayer.”

“_____ kindly lead the prayer” “Heavenly Father……Amen”

2. Greetings

“Good afternoon Grade 11!” “Good Afternoon Ma’am Maj !”

3. Classroom Management

Before you take your seats kindly fix (Students will straighten their chairs,
your chairs, pick up some pieces of pick up pieces of papers and throw
papers and throw the trash in the trash the trash in the bin.)
bin.

You may now take your seats.

4. Checking of Attendance

“How are you doing?” “We are doing good Ma’am”

“I’m glad to hear that. Who are absent “Nobody is absent today!”
 today?”

“Very good!”

B. Preparatory Activities:

1. Review of the past Lesson

“Our topic yesterday was about the
“What was our topic yesterday?” nutrients for energy”

“The three nutrients are

“That’s right! What are these nutrients?” Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins”

“The foods rich in Carbohydrates are

“What are the examples of foods rich in beets, sugarcane, cereals, rice, bread,
Carbohydrates?” and potato.”

“The foods rich in Fats are meat,

“Very good! How about foods rich in butter, cheese, dark chocolate,
Fats?” avocado and margarine.”

“The foods rich in Proteins are

“That’s right! What are examples of chicken, fish, eggs, beans and nuts.”
Protein-rich foods?”

“Very good! Since all of you already

mastered our topic yesterday, lets us
proceed to our next lesson.”

2. Motivation
“Yes Ma’am”
“Each of you will be given a chocolate. I
want you to eat and swallow it slowly”
“The chocolate broken down into
“What do you think will happen to small pieces.”
chocolate when you ate it?”

“That’s right! When you ate the chocolate, it

breaks down into pieces and will be
digested into the stomach.”
“Our topic today will be digestive
“So, what do you think is our topic today?” system.”

“That’s right!”

3. Presentation

Now let us watch a video clip about the “Yes Ma’am.”

Digestive System. Take down notes for I
will ask questions later.

C. Lesson Proper:
 1. Discussion
“Mouth Ma’am.”
“What is the first organ involved in
Digestive System?”
“Ingestion Ma’am.”
“That’s right! What process is involved
when you put the food in your mouth?”
“Ingestion is the process of the food
“What is ingestion?” entering the mouth.”

“The digestion begins in the Mouth.”

“Very good! Where do you think digestion
begins?”
“Digestion is the process of breaking
“Yes. Digestion begins in the mouth down of food into smaller
specifically in the oral cavity. What is component.”
digestion?”
“The two forms of Digestion are
“Yes. Digestion is simply the breakdown of Mechanical digestion and Chemical
food into smaller components. There are digestion.”
two forms of digestion. What are the two
forms of digestion?”

“Mechanical Digestion is the process

“That’s right! What is Mechanical of breaking down of food.”
Digestion?”
“Chemical digestion is the process of
“Yes. Mechanical digestion is simply the converting food into substances.”
breaking down of food into progressively
smaller and smaller particles through
tearing, cutting, grinding, and the moving
of food along the digestive tract. What is
Chemical Digestion?”

“Very good! Chemical digestion is the

process where food is converted to
substances usable by the body. Substances
called enzymes speed up this process. Your
oral cavity receives the food and begins the “The bolus will go to esophagus.”
preparation of food for digestion. Food is
torn and ground into smaller pieces
through chewing. Tongue moves the food
around your oral cavity so that all food can
be ground up. Food is now a wet and
become a bolus. Where do you think bolus
will go after the mouth? ”

“That’s right! The bolus will push into the

pharynx with the aid of your tongue.
Tongue cannot push food all the way down
to the stomach. And the bolus is moved
further downward by rhythmic, muscular
 contractions of the Pharynx, known as
Peristalsis.”
“Esophagus is a long flexible-tube like
“What is esophagus?” structure.”

“Very good! Esophagus is where the bolus “The next stop is the stomach
passes through to go to the stomach. Its Ma’am.”
important function is to carry food, liquids,
and saliva from the mouth to the stomach.
Where’s the next stop of bolus?”
“The function of the stomach is to
“Yes. The bolus continues its journey to digest further the bolus.”
this J shaped expanded bag called the
Stomach. What is the function of
Stomach?”
“Gastric juices an acidic substance
“That’s right! The stomach is the main food composed mainly of pepsin.”
storage tank of the body. It also secretes a
mixture of acid, mucus, and digestive
enzymes that helps to digest and sanitize
our food while it is being stored. This organ
is filled with gastric juices and mucus.
What is gastric juice?”

“Yes. Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks

down the proteins found in food. The “The next stop is the small intestine.”
stomach makes a churning action by way
of muscle contractions. This action
increases the effectiveness of gastric juices.
In the stomach bolus become semi liquid,
creamy, homogeneous substance called
“chyme.” Where does chyme’s next stop?”

“Very good! Chyme leaves the bottom of
the stomach through the pyloric sphincter
and travels a short way to the small
intestine. There are two processes involved
in the small intestine. What are these?”
“The two processes involved in the
small intestine are Absorption and
Assimilation.”

“Very good! What is Absorption?” “Absorption is the uptake of fluids or

other substances by the tissues of the
body.”

“Yes. Absorption is the process of the food “Assimilation is the process of uptake
molecules being absorbed into the blood of nutrients into cells and tissues.”
stream. What is Assimilation?”

“That’s right! Assimilation is the process by “The main function of small intestine
which chemicals from food are taken into is to absorb the nutrients and
the cells. What is the main function of small minerals.”
intestine?”

“Very good! The small intestine breaks

down the food mixture even more so your
body can absorb all the vitamins, minerals, “The next stop is the large intestine.”
proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. In the
small intestine digestion continues. Where’s
next stop of chyme after small intestine?”

“Yes. What will happen to the chyme in “The large intestine will reabsorb the
large intestine?” water from the chyme.”

“That’s right! Nutrients not absorbed in

small intestines are absorbed in the large
intestine as is some of the water. It also
serves as the storage and elimination “Feces is the left over solid bits of
structure for indigestible substances. Still in waste.”
the form of chyme when it enters, but in the
colon, chyme is converted into feces. What
is feces?”

“Very good! Where do feces go after?” “The feces will go to rectum.”

“Yes. When the descending colon becomes “The main function of rectum is to act
full of feces, it empties its contents into the as a temporary storage site for fecal
rectum to begin the process of elimination. matter before it is eliminated.”
What is the main function of rectum?”

“That’s right! Where do feces pass through “In the anus or anus canal.”
to be eliminated?”

“Yes. Feces will be eliminated through your “Excretion is the process of discarding
anus canal. And this is the process of the waste from your body.”
excretion. What is excretion?”

“Very good! Excretion is the final process of “Yes Ma’am.”

Digestive system. Did you understand?”

2. Application
Using strips of Carolina students will
label each part of the Digestive System.

Expected Answers:

A. Mouth
B. Esophagus
C. Stomach
D. Small Intestine
E. Large Intestine
F. Anus
 3. Generalization
“What have you learned from our topic
today?”
“Very good! What is the importance of
Digestion?”
D. Evaluation
Direction: Identify the following. Write your
answer on a ¼ sheet of paper.
1. ________It is part of the digestive
system which process of breaking down
the food.
2. ________It is a long muscular tube that
starts from the back of your throat and
ends at your stomach.
3. ________It is a pear-shaped organ
located in the upper left side of
abdomen.
4. ________It completes the digestion of
foods.
5. ________It is a large tube where the
undigested food goes.
6. ________It is the process of taking food
into your mouth.
7. ________It is the process of absorbing
nutrients into your bloodstream.
8. ________It is the process of eliminating
the wastes through anus/anus canal.
9. ________It is the process of nutrients
becoming part of the tissues of the
body.
10. ________It is the process of breaking
down food into smaller components.
E. Assignment
Research on the accessory organs involved in the
Digestive System and their functions. Write your
assignment in a 1 whole sheet of paper.
“I have learned that major parts
involved in digestive system are
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine and rectum.”
“Digestion is important because
through it nutrients from the food we
eat can be absorbed into our body.”
Expected Answers:
1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small Intestine
5. Large Intestine
6. Ingestion
7. Absorption
8. Excretion
9. Assimilation
10. Digestion
Expected Answers:
Liver- the largest gland in the body,
weighing about 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) in an
adult. It produces green fluid called
bile, which breaks down fats removes
wastes and toxins from the body
breaks down nutrients and stores
some vitamins and minerals.
Pancreas - located below the
stomach. It produces a mix of
enzymes that together are called
 pancreatic juice. This juice helps
neutralize the very acidic chyme when
it enters the small intestine and helps
digest proteins, fats and carbohydrate
s.

Gall bladder - a pouch-shaped organ

that stores the bile produced by the
liver. It shares a vessel, called the
common bile duct, with the liver.
When bile is needed, it moves
through the common bile duct into
the first part of the small intestine,
the duodenum. It is here that the bile
breaks down fat.

Prepared by:

Grace G. Fuentes