Covid Pathophysiology (Patient-based)

Modifiable factor

Non modifiable factor

History Travel at Beijing, China

Respiratory production by human host infected by SARS-COV 2

Patient exposed to the Sars COV 2

Inhaled viruses and bind to host receptors spread directly on mucous membranes to surrounding
cells

Sore throat

Viral contents are released inside the host cells, viral RNA enters the nucleus for replication.

New viral particles are made that will bound to Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and mimic
ACE-2 and gain access into the cell

Viral proliferation in the tissues with more ACE 2 receptors

increase inflammation leads to macrophages requirement cause vessel wall damage and tissue
damage (Kidneys, Lungs, GIT, Heart, Vessels, Brain)

Binds ACE-2 in trigeminal nerve leads to activation of trig trigeminovascular system / (Headache,
Loss of smell and apetite)

Increase Inflammatory cytokines triggers Systemic Response/ Increased skeletal muscle damage
(Weakness/Fatigue) /Cytokines induce hypothalamus to release prostaglandins – increase body
temperature (Colds/Chills/fever)

Local response by alveolar epithelial cells releases chemo toxins into the surrounding tissue to
recruit neutrophils to the site of inflammation

Accumulation of neutrophils and plasma exudate from capillaries and alveoli/ Irritation and
attempted clearance of airways/ coughing does not have production of phlegm/ mucus – dry cough
 Covid Pathophysiology (Patient-based)

Non-modifiable Factor
Modifiable Factor
Age
Traveler (Beijing, China)
Gender

Respiratory production by human host infected by SARS-COV 2

Patient exposed to the Sars COV 2

Inhaled viruses and bind to host receptors spread directly on mucous

Sore throat membranes to surrounding cells

Viral contents are released inside the host cells, viral RNA enters the
nucleus for replication.

New viral particles are made that will bound to Angiotensin-converting

enzyme 2 (ACE2) and mimic ACE-2 and gain access into the cell

Viral proliferation in the tissues with more ACE 2 receptors

Increase inflammation leads to macrophages requirement cause vessel wall

damage and tissue damage (Kidneys, Lungs, GIT, Heart, Vessels, Brain)

Binds ACE-2 in trigeminal nerve leads to Increase Inflammatory cytokines triggers Local response by alveolar epithelial cells
activation of trigeminovascular system Systemic Response releases chemo toxins into the surrounding
tissue to recruit neutrophils to the site of
inflammation
Loss of smell & Cytokines induce
Headache
appetite Increased skeletal hypothalamus to Accumulation of neutrophils and plasma
muscle damage release exudate from capillaries and alveoli
prostaglandins
 Increase body Irritation and
Weakness/Fatigue Dead cells and debris
temperature attempted clearance
build up
of airways

Chills Colds coughing does not

have production of Fluid accumulates in
phlegm alveoli

Fever

Dry cough Minimal

pleural
effusion