————S— 424 use A, = Prin bd ‘A, =0,00509(1000)(75) A =381.8mm" Tan> (1000) - 991.8 raed $= 205 say 200mm of reinforcement for the @ Spacing at the span bounded positive moment by BEFC wit 14 _ 12(25)? i “Me +M. = 6.36 kN.m. M, = 0 bd? «(1 -0.590) 5.36x 10 = 0:90(20.7)(1000)(75)fa(1 - 0.590) eo = 0.05279 opi poke { ¥ = 0.05279(20.7) 75 0.00397 Use p,, = at oan Ppp, = 0.00509 A= 0.00508(1000)¢75) = 981.8 mm? Spacing of 10 mm: 1 (1000) Zag 2 4 (10 3; 381.8 S= 205mm Say 200mm Max. Spacing of 10 my im diametey Prescribed by des; t bas Max, $= 3 y 450 i ses Max. § = 3(100) = 399 $450 ok Max. 8 = 300 mm o,¢,” A ithout interior beam, For slabs without a between the supports and having 8 of long to short span not Greater thang 1. Min. thickness of slabs Without 4, panels= 125 mm ty 2, Min. thickness of slabs wit, ty panels = 100 mm For slabs with beams spanning betes the supports on all. sides, the mi, thickness shall be as follows: 4, For om equal to or less than On without drop panels = 125 mm with drop panels = 100 mm 2. For om greater than 0.2 but my greater than 2. f, B+ tos 1500 ~ 36+58(qy,,-0.2) h should not be less than 125 mm 3. Forom greater than 2.0 L, (0.8 + Ae is ( fa! 36498 h should not be less than 90 mm where: L ar span in long direction ratio of clear span in long diredton® Clear span in short direction o=seh El l= gross moment of inertia of beam 5 9f0ss moment of inertia of slab Ec= modulus of elasticity of beam * = Modulus of elasticity of slab % = Tatio of flexural stiffness of Section to flexural stifiness of @ Of slab bounded laterally by oe” Of adjacent panel. &AINFORCED CONCRETE slabs Using Direct De ‘ Caster 425 10a] Ultimate Uniform load: v= 120. + 16LL pe eT = 1214.3) + 1.6 Wu 14.764 kPa ini . Qt two way reinforced conerete building floor pat Static design moment for fe : am is cd of slab ggsiem is composed of slab panels measur gy mx 76 m. in plan supported by shay (lear span of Be: coumn line beams cast monolithically with the =6.1-0.36 gab as shown. Thickness of slab is 180 mm, L=5.74 The typical exterior panel carries a service live Considerit fad of 6000 Pa in addition to the sellveig ng 1 m. length of Bc: ofthe floor. Assume unit weight of concrete to i 16 ; te 24 kNim®. Beam BC has a dimension of }— 16.3 kPa 360x510 mm. Use Direct Design Method Uniform load acting on BC: w= 14.784(7.6) w= 112.36 kN/m 1 M=3 ol? M= —(112,36(5.74)° M= 462.75 kN.m @ Max. negative moment for beam BC: NSCP specs for the distribution factors applied to static moment for positive and negative moments in end span. ole Clear span Ln _ Clears Which of-the following gives the ultimate 0 uniform load acting on the slab in kPa. err ® i i SARS Which of the following gives the total static SE design moment for beam BC. 4 I ® Which of the following gives the max. wh sane Mu Vis Ma Negative moment for beam BC: veggie" Solution : pistribution factors: gon the Interior negative moment = 0.65 © Utimate uniform load actin Slab: , Positive moment = 0.35 Dead load = Max. negative moment for beam BC ad = 0.18(24) = 0,65(462.75) i Dead load = 4.32 kPa 4 = 300.79 KN.m load = 6 kPaRE 426 te Bake oe tC OS aia rad Ey Aian lou i the suj i ‘or beams spanning between the supports gp 5,9,5.3.2 Minimum thickness of slabs without interior petrnot be leSS than the following valueg alt accordance with the provisions of Table 5.9.5(C) and st it 425mm (a) Slabs without drop panels .. out (b) Slabs with drop panels .. Table 5.9.5 (c) Minimum Thickness of Slabs Without Interior Beams Yield ‘Without drop panels With drop panels i i Interior & Interior Exterior 7 pe eral Panels Panels Panels Without ; without | with edge ae With edge edge edg beams beams beams beams 275 Ln33 | Ln/36 Ln/36 Ln/36 Ln/40 Lni40 415 Ln/30 + Ln/33 Ln/33 Ln/33 Ln/36 Lni36 Ln = length of clear span in long direction of two-way construction, measured face to face of supporsia slabs without beams and face to face of beams or other ‘supports in other cases. From the given floor plan of the bldg. shown. = © Compute the min. thickness of slab S-1 if sg Fy=415 MPa, = ® Compute the min. thickness of slab S-2 if & posts Fy= 415 MPa. 8 Saf Tree ® Compute the min. thickness of slab $-3 if gf: 5? Fy= 275 MPa, alm ciate a Solution: 3 “__ : © Min. thickness of slab S-1 if Fy = 415 MPa. 7.00. m 600m ame 6500 Min. t= “33 aif - f © Min. thickness of slab $-3 if FY° Min, t= 196.97 mm > 100 ok MPa ‘ Ln = 4000 - ® Min. thickness of slab S-2 if Fy = 415 MPa sa - in 0 . Ly = 3500 uae a 3500 Min, t= a Min, t= 152.78 > 100 ok Mi lin. t= 97.22 < 100 Use t= 100 mmCED CONCRETE gp Problem: seat ’ 1s without drop panels u aa with drop panels .. 125 mm 100 mm Gina Without Interior Beams Without Drop Panels 427 532 Minimum thickness of slabs without interior beams spanning between the supports shall be in 59 ance with the provisions of Table 5.9.5(c) and shall not be less than the following values. Table 5.9.5 (c) Minimum Thickness of Slabs Without Interior Beams Yield Without drop panels With drop panels Goss Fy | Exterior Interior | Exterior Interior pa | Panels Panels | Panels Panels clot With edge oe With edge beams beams beams a 75 Ln/33 Lnfa6 | _ nia Ln/36 tno | Lniao 15 Ln30 unfa3_ | _Lnia3 Lni33 uns6 | Lni36 in= length of clear span in long direction of two-way construction, measured face to face of supports in sabs without beams and face to face of beams or other supports in other cases. From the glven floor plan of a bldg shown, Compute thé following using f= 27.6 MPa. © Min. thickness of slab S-1 if Fy = 415 MPa. ® Min. thickness of slab S-2 if Fy = 415 MPa. © Min. thickness of slab S-3 if Fy =415 MPa. Solution: © Min, thickness of slab S-1 if Fy = 415 MPa. \ Min, == = 8500 aay = ap Min. t= 216.67 mm > 125 “ok © Win. ta Min. thickness of stab S-2 if Fy = 415 MP2. Min, t= 166.67 > 125 ok a e 5 : g So aa 3 Z Paes ali aR Sim a @® Min. thickness of slab S-3 if Fy = 415 MPa. in 12 3800 Min. t= 30 Min. t= 116.67 < 125 Use (= 125mmaie REINFORCED Co} 428 Solution: peed ai @ Minimum thicknoss of fat 4 Plate, (72) Lae Ou i late; a) Ei Problem: jn.206 Aan offco building is planned using 2 flat plate veo #20 column layout as shown ims, dropped panels OF mitted. Specified live : d load will include the @ Factored design loads: llowable of 0.96 Dead load of the slab = 23.5(0.22) floor system with the in the figure. No bea column capitals are per load is 4.8 kPa and deat weight of the slab plus an al KPa for frish oor plus suspended loads. The Deed load of the slab = 5.17 kPa columns will be 450 mm square and the floor tb floor height of the structure will be 3.6 ™. ; fg = 2768 MPa, ty = 4147 MPa, Wt. of Factored design loads: “eis2354Nnd 4.201 = 1.2(6.17 + 0.96) = 1.2(6.19) sonvaste 8 28. 4.201 = 7.36 kPa 4.6LL = 1.6(4.8) = 7.68 kPa Using equivalent frame method. Total factored design load = 7.36 +7.65 Total factored design load = 15.04 kr ® Total loadings on panel D, (DL + Ll) Factored live load of Sere) = 576K Total loadings on panel D = 7.36 +516 Total loadings on panel D = 13.1217 Check: Ratio of service live load to dead lost 48. Ratio = ® Compute the minimum thicknes ot ness . plate forthe exeforpanelD. | Ratio'= 0,783 > 0.75 ok ®@ Compute the factored design loads, @ Compute the total loadi ne “a! csp N ratio is > 0.75, the patter 0 panel D to obtain max, ‘coli nd ee a 'egalive momenton panel D. | = ; } Spans plus 4 factor live load onRCED CONCRETE a Fucus b oy sab with interior beam is shown in awe Wi yan with a slab thickness of 175 mm, vette, f= 414.6 MPa. Assume both yg? nd siab has the same value of wots elesicly. E. All columns has 2 oeesin of 300 mm x 300 mm. 1 12 Section A-A © Compute the effective width of the flange ofthe T-beam section. ® Compute the flexural stiffness of the T- beam section in terms of E. Compute the required thickness of slab for an interior panel as per NSCP Specs. Solution: 9 Effective width of the flange of the T- beam section. fe t=175 =375 429 Length of overhang: xeh X= 375 x=at x=4(175) x= 700 Use x= 375 mm ‘Width of flange = 300 + 2(375) Width of flange = 1050 mm ® Flexural stiffness of the T-beam section in terms of E, [aes is set9i98 693, 3 je 37535807 Locate the neutral axis of the T-section: Ax = 1050(175) = 183750 Az= 375 (300) = 112500 A = 296250 AY =A.y, +A, Ye 296250 y = 183750(87.5) + 112500(362.5) y= 191.93 mm Moment of inertia about centroidal axis: 300(16.93)? 3 3 ; + oaurey + 1050(175)(104.43)? Flexural stiffness = E | Flexural stiffness = 7064.3 x 10° E430 REINFORCED G6iqj ® Required thickness of slab for an interior panel as per NSCP Specs. Gross moment of inertia of slab 6 m. wide 2 6000(175)* * 12 |, =2679.7 x 10° mm* E (7084.3) 10° E (2679.7) 10° @, = 2.64 1 Gross moment of inertia of slab 7.2 m. wide = 72001757 2 3215.6 x 10° mmé |, = 7064.3 x 10° = E (7064.3) 10° E (82156) 10° a, =2.20 a a, =242>20 Clear span: Long span=7.2-0.3 Long span = 6.9 m. Short span =6 - 0.3 Short span = 5.7 m. long span ‘short span 69 aT =121 Slab thickness required by NSCP Spex For ot, >2.0 t, (08+ 1.) = —__1500" 36+98 but not less than 90 mm 414.6 6 oe _ 200 (08+ 48) 36+ 9(1.21) h= 158.4 mm< 175mm okFORCED CONCRETE ‘AMS SUBJECTED to TORSION enis that cause @ member to twist about wormaitudinal exis iS called torsional a pens oF frqUes. 4 fe me Ts OUR Cll ea ery ie For 2010 NSCP: _ BAR (Ag)? Poet where: ross sectional area of the beam Pop = perimeter of the beam a) For rectangular beams: ‘stirrup pr i Pay (300 + 500) 2 = 1600 Ap=500(300) = 150,000 4) For beams with overhang: X= ley Ons ion of overhang x= 4(100) = 400 ® x=h=500 Use x = 400 mm (smallest value) Pop= 300 + 600 + 700 + 100 + 400 + 500 Poo = 2,600 ‘Aca = 300(600) + 100(400) Aco = 220,000 2) Conditions under which Torsion eta When actual torsion is less than this value, torsion can be neglected. Pee 1 cov Ae)” «42P,] 43. REINFORCED 1, 2af, A, Cot AS s A, =0.85x, y, {,, = refers to closed transverse torsional reinforcement {,, = refers to longitudinal torsional reinforcement Value of 6(@ shall not be taken smaller than 30° nor larger than 60°) 1) @ = 45° for non prestressed members 2) @ = 37.5" for prestressed members with an effective prestress force not less than 40% of the tensile strength of the longitudinal reinforcement Re Re eer ee Re ECE TCR CEO A, (total) =A, + 2A, A, (total) A, | 2A, s s eAy 5 Oe Er ae ees closed) Ue ee As2A, =P8 in A,+2A, =0.062,/772eS but not be less than (0.35), ME acy Cur meh ey reinforcement 6S) 4, Verse Eo Wax.8=" or 300 mm, P=2(, +) The spacing of _ transverse ‘ors reinforcement shall not exceed the smale B = oF 300 mm. 30 im. Or mir ee ta required for torsion PA fe A =hn 2 ar i Cot? @ @ = 45° ifnot specified err LEE erie ues Pees BE Ay Arp & A, (in fife “hy 7 A then At EE shallnote less than 57ORCED CONCRETE eons 5 Me Ap he alin) =f, 8 0.175b, AA. chal notbe less than, = s 1 er ret g ee of the concrete shall be| Ps f omeoemsacselats VY of ee]! sof ZF (¢) Tatyl sla 3 ehh © p=2x, *Y:) (4) ab deol 22] owes V,= eee V, =0.174 Jf" b, d ere For th e th Hat "@® S80 shown, compite the © The cracking torsional moment of section A. The cracking torsional moment of section B. cae torsional moment of section C. Pee 276 MPa = 415 MPa 435 Section A 530 2 Set2 mm x+|-0'6-@ 0-0 704 99-4 Section B | ‘woo 480 ago S32 nimi 0- eo0e Solution: . © Cracking torsional moment of section AA, = 400600) A, = 240000 P., = (400 + 600)(2) P, = 2000 3, oT = 0.75 V27.6 (240000)? * 3(2000) . 1, = 37.82 KN, ® Cracking torsional moment. of section B b 350 350" Length of overhang on each side: x= 450 mm x= 4t x=4(100) > 400 mm Use x = 400 mm. Width of flange: b= 400 + 350 + 400 b= 1150 mm ep = 1150(100) + 350(450) Aco = 272500 mm2 Pep = 1180 + 2(100) + 2(450) + 350 + (400) Pep = 3400'mm : ~ REINFORCED CG) Cracking torsional moment o¢ Seetig Ce) ’ 7 = O75 NITE (2725009 ole 3(3400) AT, = 28.69 kN, © Cracking torsional moment of b=720 Sect Length of overhang on one side: xs at x=4(150) x= 600mm x=370mm Use x = 370 mm Width of flange: b=370 +350 b=720 Aca = 720(150) + 350(370) Aep = 272500 mm? Pep = 720 + 150 + 370 + 320 + 35080) Pep = 2480 mm Cracking torsional moment of section’: ot, = CAL? wat ot = 005 276 (272500) « 3(2480) _- OT, = 29.88 kNm.gGINBORCED COI INCRETE way joist system sy A rmposed factored dead load of TiPa ana si yored live load of 8 kPa, totaling 15 kPa 4 total factored dead load of the beam and factored loads applied directly to it ig 6 yin, Slab thickness is 125 mm, Assume the ipst loads are transferred to the beam by the jst webs (227.6 MPa . 2415 MPa cowumns supporting the beams = 600 x 600 mm Wath of spandrel beam AB = 600 mm, © Compute the max. ultimate design moment ofthe end span beam AB, @ Compute the max. ultimate shear of beam AB. @ If the.two ends of the beam AB are fixed against rotation by the column, determine the total torque of beam AB AK. 600 pica column Jou Solution: ° Max. utimate design moment of the end Span beam AB: ‘oist reaction Per meter length of joist. B Ms WE 16:5" M =, 785(7.4)? : 16 M, = - 261.82 kNum M,=+ Mee te My=+ BSay 4 My = 299.22 kim 2 M, =.“ 0 M, =. 765(7.4)" 10 M, =-418.91 km Max. uniate design moment: M, = 418.91 km 600 x 600 7 600 « 600 colunn ‘column $ 74m. 4 Sm. @ Max, ultimate shear of beam AB: 145 w, L ME = 1.45(76.5)(7.4) 2 Xv, V, = 325.51 kN436.8 | RT, Exterior negative moment in the joist ot Mo _15(9.4) Mom M, = 55.23 kN.m Although this is a bending moment in the joist, it act as a twisting moment on the edge of the beam. “nN 6kNIm > M=S55.23 kNum. <1 0.3m 6.5 KNI 600 mm. t= 55.23 + 70.5(0.3) t= 76.38 kN.m/m of beam AB. Total torque acting at both ends of spandrel beam AB 7228 04) T = 282.61 kKN.mRCED CONCRETE is subjected to torsional moment in ide to the flexural moment and shear from 36st Joads at the cantilever frames, the analysis, the following factored design 10M result Ms = 440 KN-m, Vo = 280 kN, T, 1 kN-m., width of beam, "b” = 499 mm, = Andepth of beam, *h” = 500 mm, fe = 20,7 0a, fy = 275 MPa, f= 415 MPa, concrete ul to the centroid of tension steel = 65 mm, ae ratio at balanced condition, py = 0.02, ywable concrete shear stress = 0.76 MPa, igeral ties are 42 mm diameter. 8m ie | iF i¢| | 25m IG) 1 \25m : tt | BE bs © Which of the following gives the tension reinforcement required for factored moment, Mu. © Which of the following gives the spacing of transverse reinforcement for. factored shear, Vu. ® Which of the ‘following gives the longitudinal reinforcement required for torsion, Tu. Assume 40 mm clear cover to lateral ties, Solution: © Tension reinforcement required: O85 je" nuns. ‘ae ¢ ‘e=247 92 (a2) 1) 95208 TAS, 437 M, = £ aC (- 3) C=085 (ap Cs 0.85(20.7)(a)(400) C=7038a M = a! .=00(4-3) 440.10 = 0.90 (7038) a (435- 3) 69464.18 = 4350-0 502 a? -870a+ 138928.36 = 0 870+ 448 54 2 a=210.73mm a CsT O85f'ab=A, f 0.85 (20.7)(210.73)(400) = A, (415) A, =3574 mm* Check: if steel yields a=he 210.73 = 0.85 ¢ c= 247.92 &, _ 0.003 25208 24792 €, = 0.00305 . ee 415 200,000 €, = 0.002075 Steel yields: €, > €, Use A, = 3574 mm?438 i ont @ Spacing of transverse reinforceme! for factored shear Vix v, 2076b, 4 v, =0,76 400\45) v, =192240M Mev +y, may, 280 - 432.24+V, 85 V, = 197.472 KN Atd AF (127 Q) A, =226.2 mm" _ 226.2 (275)(435) 5° ertr2 $= 137 mm say 130 mm. d Max. S= = 2 Max. S= Use S =130 mm © Longitudinal reinforcement required for torsion: x1 40-80-12 40} x= 308 VE | ys = 500-80 - 12 y=408 bs A i; 8” 201, A, Coe A 180x108 $ 3" 3.64 REINFORCED Cok Steel area required for torsion: A, > Se cot? 45" Aa gh ors p,=2(%, +1) p, = 2(308 + 408) p= 1432 a Ap bt ott ag ASSRT _361(1432\275)(1) A 45 A 126 men? The cantilever beam has a span of 35 au carries a uniformly distributed factored load ¢ 22 kNim applied at 300 mm off centering y the cross section as shown in the figure, Thy beam has a cross section of 250 mm x4) mm, with an effective depth of 387.5 mm. fe = 20.68 MPa, f= 414.7 MPa 22kNim |, 300 mm 4=387.0 © Compute the factored shear foe # the critical section. te ® Compute the factored torsional mone at the critical section. 4 mo ® Determine the amount of torsion ve reinforcement for torsion is requ?", (NFORCED CONCRETE Jution: © tored shear force V, at the Critical © Section. sectio! Was? "-me6) PUL y279.2kN { ate vw * 92125 40.895 sans Ve2 70.675 KN ||. ——= i 102 Factored torsional moment T. at the critical section. 22 KN/m |. 300 mm | |d=387.50 3.6m 40.3875 3.2125 Max. 7y=23,76 Max. T, = 22(0.3)(3.6) Max.T, = 23.76 kN.m L _ 2376 32105 * “35 AG = 21.20 kN ———— 439 Amount of torsion where no felnforcomant for torsion is required, A, = 450(250) A, = 112500 mm? 450 = 250(2) + 450(2) P= 1400 mm 250 KOay 12P, 1, = 275 20.68 (112500) 12(1400) Ai = 2.58 x 10° Namm The T-beam shown has a simple span of 10m. Itis supported by a hinged at A and a roller at B. The beam is fixed against rotation at support A only and B provides no torsional restraint. The beam carries a uniform load of 12 KNim including its own weight at an eccentricity “e" as shown, fc’ = 21 MPa. Effective depth d = 540 mm, 12KNén h =190 300 mm ~ at tesa Wygst2 Ain Werre 440 @ Compute the effective width of the flange ® Compute the value of the cracking torque. —— co imum eccentricily “@ ute the maxi ° ported ifthe torsion does not have to be considered. Solution : . © Effective width of flange: =hedt Use x = 480 b= 300 +2(480) b= 1260mm © Cracking torque: 1260 “480 Jo 480 500 ‘ 300 Ace = 1260(125) + 300(480) Acp = 301500 mm? Pep = 1260 + 2(125) + 2(480) +2(480) + 300 Pog = 3730 mm Cracking torque: =e vie (a) o 3p, 3(3730) Ter= 27.92 x 105 N.mm REINFORCED OH Ter= 27.92 KN. not considered: Wa 12k T=12(10)€ T=120e 1, ae 946 10 Ty=113.52e kN.m = ON al . 12P, 075 V24 (015007 12 (3730) Tu= 6.98 x 108 N.mm Tu=6.98 kN.m 113.52 e = 6.98 e= 0.061 m. e= 61mm 380, Problem: A reinforced concrete beam has a widhol 3 mm and a total depth of 600 mm. 0 concrete cover is 40 mm. f’=25MPa . fy=415 MPa. 4 Diameter of transverse. reinforcer! * 12mmo Longitudinal reinforcement to ress! 56"* = 28 mms arrange as shown: * Spacing of vertical closed stirups= 1" Use @ = 0.75 shear strength reduction9 ori woo where torsion can be ect sed. i rored torsional moment of 40 KN.m é Lae M110 the beam is the section is uate. ba ine the design torsional strength of yam section. (io. ; soln id ‘ersional moment where 0 a acs Hsjon can be neglected: ge (ace) 1? “4aPCp) «if 92 80600) son ap = 180000 pep= (200 + 60012) pep= 1800 Nba a: 1 sa(Pop) 076/25 (180000) 1*~49(1800) 1, 8625000 Nmm . 7, =5.625KNm ® Adequacy of the beam due to torsion only. x1=300- 80-12 = 208 = 600 - 80 - 12 Ph=2(208 + 508) ° Pre1gg2 Ao= 0.85 x1 ys Ae = 0.85(208(508) As nays = 105664 a ORCED CONCRETE jored torsional moment of |_| 44) < (et) 7M (oF +7 <0 Ma Be v, 20172/f,0,d Vv, =0.17(1)V25 V, =0.85b, 40x108(1432) eee 23.01 1.7(105664) 301 <0.75 Joes+3V25 3.01<3.14 (safe) © Torsional strength of the beam. MAL, 2°) w, =a i = (12)? Ae 4(100) OT, = 0.75|2(89814.4)(1.13)(415)cot 45") =1.13 oT, = 63.2KNm Eff A 61} The figure shows a floor plan of a one way slab system. The spandrel beam has the following dimensions. All.column sizes are 300 mm x 300 mm. The spandrel beam is subjected to a torsional moment Tu = 30 kKN.m and a shear force Vu = 100 KN. = 20.7 MPa, fy = 415 MPa. Diameter of stirrups is 10 mm and the clear cover is 40 mm. Effective depth of spandrel beam is 387.5 mm fv = 275 MPa,REINFORCED €@ 442 Spundret Beam 300 mm” 335 main Acp= 120(630) + 300(339) = M43 Pen® 900+ 480+ 880 + 12059, Pop = 2160 mm 4 : Limiting torque: Ps "A 450 2 eve AS) a (As) = RR Soa 1, = 275 N27 (A746097 —— oy Section A-A 12 (2160) © Compute the limiting torque due to T, =4.01 x 108 Namm= 40H faciored loads which does Alot require any ‘ longitudinal steel reinforcement for torsion. ® Spacing of 10 mmo Stirrups requ ® Compute the Spacing of the 10 mm 6 for shear and torsion: eh stimups required for shear and torsion for the spandrel beam. For shear: ® Compute the area of longitudinal steel A ied ‘equired for torsion for the spandrel beam’ S= we Solution: Ay _Y, © Limiting torque: v i wd My 7 ove a.) suey, . 12 Pa V.=017A JE ba ¥, =017 ¥207 (300)(875) V, =89914N V, = 89.91 kN feavsy, 100 | a75 7899+, V, =43.42 kNCED CONCRETE 120 mm 320 mm comm 330m Al 3 20f, A, Cote 9=45' ifnot specified x, = 300- 2(40) - 10 A, = 085 (x, y,) A, = 0.85(210)(360) A 8 AL 30x108 S 2(0.85)(275)(64260) Keto s 443 Combined shear and torsion: Aus «Ae 2A Ss =0.407 + 2(1) Ss wen Ss 2.407 Maog= F (10) @) Agog = 157 mm =65.22 say 60mm Max. spacing of stirups allowed: Max spacing = P, =2(x, +y,) P, =2(210 + 360) P= 1140 Max. spacing = “40 Max. spacing = 142.5 mm Use S= 60 mma.c. Area of longitudinal steel required for foto AS * P, te Cot? 0 7 i sie A=) 1 a5 A, = 756 min? Min. area of longitudinal steel required for torsion: 2 BE the) AL 5 by = 124, 8 Ty > by 200 where Ai=t9> Pw - Ss 6, 6(275) =O Nit = S207 (174600) (1)(1140(275) e 12(415) a5 on = 41.6 mm? <756 mm? ok Use A, = 756 mm?REINFORCED GG; 444 ,=0C (4 ) Eye a span of 4 m. and fi m has n _ ee ca load of 25 kNim including its 200 x 10° = 0.90(5278 5a) (srs . sorte ete | mseiase | line of the cross Sé 5 cate ‘of 300 mm x 500 mm with an a? - 875a + 74199 = 0) atecive depth f= 20.7 MPa, For longitudinal a= 110.07 mm bars fy = 415 MPa of 437.50 mm. For shear reinforcements fw = 275 MPa. Diameter of ‘shear reinforcements is 10 mm @. Use 40 mm clear covering of concrele. E 25 kNim 25kNin al ese}: | sors Co} a=Bc i 110.07 =0.85¢ ® Determine the area of longitudinal steel esPadai bars required for the beam to resist bending moment only neglecting torsion. Determine the spacing of the 10 mm @ stirrups required for shear and torsion. © Determine the area of longitudinal stress required for torsion. Solution: © Area of longitudinal steel bars required 2 - 0.003 for bending. 308.01 128.49 w=25KNim - &, = 0.00714 > 0.002075 8 [eee oo" game 110.07=0.85 ¢ 4m M= 25(4)(2) = 200 kN.m ¢= 129.49 mm C=0.85f' ab &= C= 0,85(20.7)(a)(300) = 5278.5 a 5 ¥ 200,000 &, = 0.002075 E, _ 0.003 308.01 129.49 &, = 0.00714 > 0.002075 hoED CONCRETE 086 nt she A, (415) AS? 21400 mm? spacing of stirrups required for shear © Fad torsion: W=25 kN 445 y, “ev, -v, 8 V, =0.17 Jf bd v, =0.17(1) 120.7 (300(437-6) V, = 101.52KN an . am oo Me 55 ter V2 89-1KN yo yto0us 20 ‘sage “S04. 4 Torsional moment Check whether torsion could be neglected: im oi Ae)? 12P,, “E =| = A, = 300(500) = 150,000 P,, = 300(2) + 500(2) = 1600 (A) Te nie (allowable torsion) 1 = 075.207 (160,000)* ¥ 12 (1600) T, =4x 108 Nmm=4 kN. Since actual torsion Te= 17.81 kN.m> 4 KN. Torsion should be considered. tiups required for shear. Yaysy, ° 2 = 10182+V, V, = 17.28 KN gz fed yy ASM Ss fd A, . 17280 =0.144 “s 275(437.5) Stirrups required for torsion: Ae S204, A, colo 9=45" ifnot specified =300-40-40 = 220 = 600 - 40-40 ys = 420 Ao = 0.85 x1 Yi ‘Ag = 0,85(220)(420) Ao = 78540 mmI, s A 17.81x 10° 1781x108 “3° 770.85)(275)(78540) Aaa =F (10) (2) Ag = 157 mm? area of U-stirups et Ae = 0.629 “gy 70628 S=249 mm say 240 mm ‘Max: spacing shall not exceed: Su = 5 or 300mm REINFORCED) € P,=2(x, +y,) * = 2(220 + 429) Max, § = 1280 Max. S = 160 mm Use S = 160mm (Spacing of 10 mm & shear re "ain @® Area of ‘ongitudinay ‘ torsion: = ting A= kp be cary f 0.485(1280)(275) ag) A A =411mm? * Min, steel area required fr torsion: -SVEAS A MEAS “rp sph “Mins, = $5./2077(180000) cesar 1285) a Min. A, = 273.8 mm? <411 mn ck ‘Area of longitudinal bars required erst: AS 411mmjfEINFORCED CONCRETE d= development length La= basic development length A)Development of deformed bars and wire in tension 4. For deformed bars or de ldo shall be as follows: not be less than 300 mm. formed Wire, Sut Lo shall Case @ Clear spacing of bars bein devel spliced not less than dp eer eee less than ds, and stirrups op ties throughout Iy not less than the code minimum or clear spacing of bars being developed or spliced not less than 2 dy and clear cover not less than ds. a) 20 mm diameter and smaller bars and deformed wires L _ 12, BA 4 (25 b) 25mm diameter and larger bars L, _ 34, @Ba 4 5 AY Other Cases: a) 20mm diameter and smaller bars and deformed wires 181, BA 5 Jt b) 25mm diameter and larger bars , _9f, @BA " 4 10 Jf" 447 For deformeg laldy shat bo: +. aka 4 °>— ® oye (“K) , in Which the term bars or deformed wire, (=) shall not be Steater than 2.5 where: ©= spacing or cover dimension inmm Kv = transverse reinforcement index Af oth 10sn where: S = maximum center to center spacing of transverse reinforcement within Id, mm. <1 = number of bars or wires being spliced or developed along the plane of splitting. Av = total cross-sectional area of all transverse reinforcement which is within the spacing s and which crosses the potential plane of splitting through the reinforcement being developed in mm?, fyt = specified yield strength of transverse reinforcement in MPa. The factors for use in the expression for development of deformed bars and deformed wires in tension: 4. a = reinforcement location factor = 1.3 for horizontal reinforcement so placed that more than 300 mm of fresh concrete is cast in the member below the development length or splice. = 1.0 for other reinforcement.448 2, = coating factor = 45 for epoxy-coale oe h cover less than fds, or clear spacing [eS than 6d> ge12 All other epoxy-coated bars or wites. y= 1.0 for uncoated re However, the product ot taken greater than 1.7 einforcement size inforcerent. need not be factor ° for 20 mm aiameter ard smaller bars and deformed wires. ‘y=10 26 mm diameter and larger bars 4, 1. lightweight aggregate concrete factor 3.21.3 when-lightweight aggregate concrete ig used, however, when fais specified, % shall be permitted to be 75 F- but not less than 1.0 2.21.0 when — normal weight concrete is used. B)Development of deformed bars in compression Basic Development Length: "0254, 5 ie but not less than 0.04 do fy Ld, ‘Multiplying factors: 4) Excess reinforcement - A, fequired : A, furnished - 0.75 2). Spirals and ties Reinforcement enclosed within spiral reinforcement not less than 10 mm diameter and not more than 100 mm pitch or within 12 mm.diameter ties in conformance with NSCP specs and spaced not more than 100 mm ofi center La= multiplier © x multiplier @ x Ld REINFORCED CONC C)Development of bundled 4) Increase development length, ba, for 3 bar bundle, La= (1.20) [q % 2) Increase development length for 4 bar bundle. L=1.33 tae % D)Development of stand hooks in tension ar 4) de shall not be less than 8 than 150 mm. » ot Basic development length for hook 7 100d, = Ee with, = 415 MPa 2) be Multiplying factors: For different fy 3) 4 45 Concrete Cover 07 For 36 mm diameter bar anj smaller, side cover (normal ip plane of the hook) not less tan 65 mm, and for 90-degree hock, cover on bar extension beyond hook not less than 50 mm. b) Ties or stirrups 08 For 36 mm diameter bar and smaller, hook enclosed vericaly of horizontally within ties or sima ties spaced along the fl development length La greater than 3do, where d & | diameter. ¢) f) Excess reinforcement A xcess rein! forceme’ A, ‘ised or develope Where anchorage for fy is not specifically "4" reinforcement in excess ot required by analysis 9) Lightweight agoreaae ts concrete ean? Epoxy-coated reinforce ig Li) Hooked bars with epoxy’é FORCED CONCRETE jopment Lengths ina ical Continuous Beam sinc of eiesten/ pein o mney econ os or dp nuey as compression Seance Development Lengths for Cantilever Beams Development Lengths for Reaction which Confines The Ends of Reinforcement [he 13Mtala sie Tf 1 Ct i satlover beam is reinforced with top » Ste Consisting of 3 - 34 mm a ina single row ’ er in the figure. Shear reinforcement is teas sue 101mm o stimups. f= 27.6 MPa, Section A-A 3a Ba 5 = 1.3 reinforcement location factor = 1.0 epoxy-coated bars 4.= 4.0 normal weight concrete © Determine the point at which the center 34 mm o bar can be theoretically terminated. ® Considering NSCP specs for development length requirements, determine the minimum distance the 34 mm 9 bar must extend outward from the support at A to be safely anchored. ® Determine the moment capacity of the beam at the point where the 3% 34 mm o bar is terminated. Solution: ® Point where the 34 mm » center bar can be terminated. Ly _ 3f, a BA a SJ Ly 3(4150(1.3)(1.0)(1.0) 4, 5 278 Ly =2095mm 2.095 m.450 Cut off point: Min Lg = = [ 0.83 m — 5 3m Cut off point is 0.83 from the support. ® Min. distance the 34 mm o must extend outward from A, Min. Ld = 300 mm @ Moment capacity at the point where the 34 34 mm 9 bar is terminated. Actual M= aa 17? 4301217) M=3527, tin 2 [ee] ZA ‘2M ime rr ie, E (d-al2) LB ' rer x 7 (34)? (2) A, = 1816 mm? C= T 085f'ab=A, f, 0.85(27.6)(a)(350) = 1816(415) a= 91.78 mm m=04,1 (4-5) M, =0.90(1816)(445) (rs. 2178 M, =958.9 KN.m > 352.7 kN.m (safe) 91.78 ® Determine the nominal shear stengt @® Determine the nominal shear stew © Determine the max. nominal SM © Determine the distance from the om ® Determine the distance fens n up REINFORCED 66) A cantilever beam has a width op an effective depth of 600 mm. 1ehhs with 4 - 28 mm 9 top bars whic 2 i as shown in the figure. It carr load of 8800 Nim (including it sa and a service live load of 4 ane f= 20.7 MPa, f= 276.5 MPa, 3000 Section A-A Section B-B © Determine the factored uniform load.” ® Determine the factored shear force at te critical section. provided by concrete. provided by shear reinforcement. strength provided by shear reinforcer beyond which concrete can 2m shear. which minimum shear rei ment be provided.CED CONCRETE mine ne min. fea of shear p oaetoment if 10 mm o strups are Good ‘at 300 mm 0.6 mine the development length for the 9 mage a= 13 A= 10, Bato ‘ermine the theoretical cut off point g De the support of bars “b" “b’, based on Jopment length requirements and ok its adequacy. Assume uncoated e a cement and normal weight of ren concrete. 3, aba 5 = 3 reinforcement location factor 410 for uncoated reinforcement 4.21.0 normal weight concrete ‘ue t= se Solution: © Factored uniform load. Wo21.2DL 4 1.6LL Wy=1.2(5.8) + 1.6(14.6) Wu= 30.32 kN/m © Factored shear force at the critical section, V= 30.32(4.6) V= 139.47 KN Vu= 139.47 - 30.32(0.6) = 121.28 KN w, =30.32 kN/m TOT ® 451 Nominal shear strongth provided by concrete. V,=0.17A Jib, d V, =0.17 20.7 (300)(600) V, = 139.22 KN Nominal shear strength provided by ‘Shear reinforcement. yekey : vy = 12128 075 V, = 2249 KN + 139.22 Max, nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement. Max. V, = 0.66 /f' b, d Max. V, = 0.66 /20.7 (300)(800) Max. V, = 54,05 KN Distance from the support beyond which concrete can carry total shear. 46 4 641.56 - 139.47x= 104.42(4.8) x= 1.04 m.452 over which rent must be ® Distance from support minimum shear reinforcer provided. BV, _ 11602 _53.01 2. 2 151.52 _ 5801 46 48-y £9699 151.52) = 286.85 y= 284m. required 18 Min.stirups "| No stirrups ] . 284 146 ® Min. area of shear reinforcement if 10 mm 9 stirrups are placed at 300 mm oc. Min.&, = 062, fbys 4 0,062,/20.7(300)(300) 2165 Min. A, = Min. A, = 91.82 mm? “AS provided by 10mm @ U-stimups: A= = a0 y= (10) 2) A, = 157mm? > 91.82 mm? ok Min. area of shear reinforcement = 91.82 mm? o Development length for the to, 1. 3f,aBA Phan, = reinforcement location factor = 1.3 for hor. Reinforcement gp more than 300 mm of fresh ogy is cast in the member belo development length. thy = coating factor = 1.0 for uncoated reinforcement A= light weight aggregate concrete fat 3. = 1.0 when normal weight concrete, used. 5 e 3276.5) (13)(1)(1) ue 4, 5207 ud Ld= 1.327 m. ® Theoretical cut off point from the support of bars “b” “b”: aoe ISB 2927 og eae Moment capacity of beam at 4,673 m from the support. |AP ‘ (28)° (2) A, = 1232 mm? 42302765) = 0185(207)(6)(300) a= 644mm w,20 (6-5) 6454 yy, 0.901232)2765) (600- a3) wy, =174 Nm ‘Adual moment: we ™ 30.32(2.927)" 2 M, = 130 KN.m < 174 KN.m_ ok eeu Arsinfoced concrete beam has a span of. fm. Itis reinforced with 2 - 22 mm @ and 2-25 mm o (uncoated reinforcements) as infceted in the figure. The beam carries a uniform ultimate load of 5 kN/m including its wn weight. fe’ = 20.7 MPé. Normal weight concrete f= 414.6 MPa, ® Determine the theoretical cut off: point at which the 2 - 22 mm @ bars can be terminated from the center of the beam. ® Considering the extension beyond the Cutoff points required by the NSCP Specifications, determine the minimum distance the 2 - 22 mm g bars should ®xlend on each side of the center line. 0 kN/n I om 222 m0 2.25 mmo @® Determine the required length’ of anchorage or development length of the 22 mm @ bars from the center span and check whether itis adequate or not. Use the following formula and development factors: 2. = 1.0 for normal weight concrete = 1.0 for reinforcement location factor = 1.0for uncoated reinforcement. ‘Y= 1.0 for reinforcement size factor fa Bay FE Sif a ale