Independent University, Bangladesh

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)

Obtained Marks:

Course ID : ETE 322L / ETE312L

Course Section : 01

Experiment No : 04

Experiment Name : STUDY OF SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Date of Experiment : NOVEMBER-3-2021

Date of Submission : NOVEMBER-10-2021

Semester : Autumn 2021

Name of Lecturer : Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Details of the Author

Student’s Name : MD AKIF RAHMAN

Student ID : 1711396
Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Theory & Procedure:

A continuous time signal at the transmitting end is converted into discrete time signal, it is done as it is easier
to process digital signals in comparison to analogue signals. If we want to convert analogue signals into
digital signals then first of all continuous time signal is converted into discrete time signal with the help of
sampling process and after this process, this sampled signal is converted into digital signal by the process of
quantization. Sampling Theorem: A continuous time signal can be completely represented in its samples and
then can be recovered back, if the sampling frequency is greater than or equal to the twice of the maximum
frequency present in the signal. i.e. 'fs' is greater than or equal to '2fm' Here fs is sampling frequency fm is
maximum frequency present in the signal. It is essential to take sufficient number of samples to completely
represent a signal by its samples and also to reconstruct the signal back to its original form from its samples.

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Data and Calculation:

❖ For Reconstruction:
Parameter of signal Amplitude Frequency

Message Signal 3.76V 2.08KHz

Recovered Signal 3.76V 2.08KHz

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Graphs:

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Results & Graph Analysis:

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

Conclusion:

In reconstructing a signal from its samples, there is another practical difficulty. The sampling theorem was
proved on the assumption that the signal x(t) is bandlimited. All practical signals are time limited, i.e., they
are of finite duration. As a signal cannot be time limited and bandlimited simultaneously. Thus, if a signal is
time limited, it cannot be bandlimited and vice versa (but it can be simultaneously non time limited and non-
bandlimited). Clearly it can be said that all practical signals which are necessarily time limited, are non-
bandlimited, they have infinite bandwidth, and the spectrum X'(f) consists of overlapping cycles
of X(f) repeating every fs Hz (sampling frequency). Because of infinite bandwidth, the spectral overlap will
always be present regardless of what ever may be the sampling rate chosen.

Question Answers:

1) What is Nyquist's Sampling theorem? What is minimum sampling rate? Given the message is a 4kHz
sinewave, what's the theoretical minimum frequency for the sampling signal?

ANS: If a time varying signal is periodically sampled at a rate of at least twice the frequency of the highest
frequency sinusoidal component contained with the signal, then the original time varying signal can be
exactly recovered from the samples. The sampling rate needs to be at least 2KHZ.

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

2) What is the name of the effect of improper sampling rate?

ANS: This artifactual result due to improper choice of the sampling rate is called ALIASING.

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Telecommunication Systems-I Lab (ECR301L / ETE312L / ETE322L) Department of EEE
Course Instructor: Tahsin Ferdous Ara Nayna

References:

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