Passive Voice

Passive voice is used when the subject receive(s) the impact from the verb, whereas in
active voice, the object get(s) the effect from the verb.
(passive voice digunakan Ketika subjek dalam kalimat yang menerima dampak dari prediket,
sementara dalam active voice, objek yang mendapatkan dampak dari prediket).

Note: Passive voice is only applicable for verbal sentences.

1. Present tense
(+) S + P (V1) + O + Comp.  Active voice
e.g.,:
 I play basketball every Saturday evening.
 Harold eats non-dairy products because he’s got allergy.
(+) S + to be + V3 + by* + Comp.  Passive voice
e.g.,:
 Basketball is played by me every Saturday evening.
 Non-dairy products are eaten by Harold because he’s got allergy.
 I am told about Maradona’s death today.

(-) S + don’t/doesn’t + P (bare infinitive, V1 without -s/-es) + O + Comp.  active voice

e.g.,:
 We don’t buy a new car.
 Maria doesn’t sell the earrings to her sister-in-law.
(-) S + isn’t/am not/aren’t + V3 + by* + Comp. 
e.g.,:
 A new car isn’t bought by us.
 The earrings aren’t sold to her sister-in-law.

2. Past tense
(+) S + P (V2) + O + Comp.  Active voice
e.g.,:
 I sat on that chair on the balcony last night.
 Bob read The Lord of The Rings novel.
(+) S + to be + V3 + by* + Comp  Passive voice
e.g.,:
 That chair on the balcony was sat by me last night.
 The Lord of The Rings novel was read (by Bob).

(-) S + didn’t + P (bare infinitive) + O + Comp.  Active voice

e.g.,:
 Nina didn’t cook spaghetti and lasagna at my birthday party.
 They didn’t sing Welcome to The Jungle at the karaoke.
(-) S + wasn’t/weren’t + V3 + by* + Comp.  Passive voice
e.g.,:
 Spaghetti and lasagna weren’t cooked at my birthday party.
 Welcome to The Jungle wasn’t sung by them at the karaoke.