Santos, Michaela U.

(10 STE ODL 2)

Completely Randomized Research Design

The investigatory project “Purification of Drinking Water with the Application of Natural
Extracts” by Chauhan, Gupta, and Singh, to improve the quality of drinking water with the
application of plant extracts of Moringa oleifera (miracle tree), Arachis hypogaea (peanuts),
Vigna unguiculata (cowpeas), Vigna mungo (urad), and Zea mays (corn). They examined treated
and untreated sample water for heavy metals and microbial counts, which indicated substantial
reductions of up to 92 percent in microbial counts.

The overall bacteria count in control water samples was found to be greater than 50000 cfu/ml,
but the total microbial count in treated samples was decreased to 50 cfu/ml.

The (20) water samples are collected from sterile bottles in different areas of their city. The plant
extracts (seeds and leaves) of Moringa oleifera (miracle tree), Arachis hypogaea (peanuts),
Vigna unguiculata (cowpeas), Vigna mungo (urad), and Zea mays (corn) were dried, then after
drying them fine powder was obtained with the used of grinder, and the extracts were collected.

The plant extracts (seeds and leaves) were applied in water sample.

Control (water sample without any treatment)

Treatment A: Combine plant extracts of Moringa oleifera (miracle tree) at the concentration of
0.01%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% were added in 100 ml of each water sample. Has a pH of 6.8 and
clear physical appearance.

Treatment B: Combine plant extracts of Arachis hypogaea (peanuts) at the concentration of

0.01%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% were added in 100 ml of each water sample. Has a pH of 6.9 and
clear physical appearance.

Treatment C: Combine plant extracts of Vigna unguiculata (cowpeas) at the concentration of

0.01%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% were added in 100 ml of each water sample. Has a pH of 7.1 and
clear physical appearance.
Treatment D: Combine plant extracts of Vigna mungo (urad) at the concentration of 0.01%,
0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% were added in 100 ml of each water sample. Has a pH of 7.0 and clear
physical appearance.

Treatment E: Combine plant extracts of Zea mays (corn) at the concentration of 0.01%, 0.1%,
0.2%, and 0.3% were added in 100 ml of each water sample. Has a pH of 6.8 and clear physical
appearance.

This includes microbiological testing. Total bacterial counts were obtained for each treated water
sample and control using the pour plate method and the membrane filtering method on R2A agar
media plates.

Independent Variable: plant extracts

Dependent Variable: purification of water
Experimental Unit: water sample (1-20)
5 Treatments (A-E) assigned at random
4 Replicates

# 1 (A) # 2 (B) # 3 (A) # 4 (C) # 5 (D)

# 6 (A) # 7 (D) # 8 (D) # 9 (B) # 10 (B)
# 11 (E) # 12 (C) # 13 (A) # 14 (E) # 15 (C)
# 16 (B) # 17 (D) # 18 (E) # 19 (C) # 20 (E)
Control variable: (remained untreated)

Bacterial Counts
#1 30 cfu/ml
#3 31 cfu/ml
TREATMENT A
#6 29 cfu/ml
# 13 33 cfu/ml
#2 20 cfu/ml
#9 16 cfu/ml
TREATMENT B
# 10 22cfu/ml
# 16 16 cfu/ml
#4 30 cfu/ml
# 12 29 cfu/ml
TREATMENT C
# 15 22 cfu/ml
# 19 25 cfu/ml
TREATMENT D #5 70 cfu/ml
#7 68 cfu/ml
#8 71 cfu/ml
 # 17 65 cfu/ml
# 11 30 cfu/ml
# 14 30 cfu/ml
TREATMENT E
# 18 17 cfu/ml
# 20 35 cfu/ml
Moringa oleifera (miracle tree), Arachis hypogaea (peanuts), Vigna unguiculata (cowpeas),
Vigna mungo (urad), and Zea mays (corn) seed and leaf extracts dramatically reduced overall
bacteria counts in water samples by up to 90%. Treatment B was the most effective among 5
treatments in purifying the water samples. It was discovered that extracts of seeds and leaves
were more efficient in removing suspended organic and inorganic materials found in water
samples.

Treatment A Treatment B Treatment C Treatment D Treatment E Total

n=4 n=4 n=4 n=4 n=4 n = 20
30.75 18.5 26.5 68.5 28

Sensory Evaluation Test

Shows reduction in total bacterial counts for seeds and leaves extracts treated water sample

Water Physical
pH 0.01% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% Control
Sample Appearance
620 430 320 210 1100
A Clear 6.8
cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml
170 190 130 110 800
B Clear 6.9
cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml
10 10 10 10 1500
C Clear 7.1
cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml
80 60 70 10 1200
D Clear 7.0
cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml
E Clear 6.8 50 10 10 10 1200
 cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml cfu/ml
(Water Sample C has the maximum reduct