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EngRehab Human-Gait Final2
EngRehab Human-Gait Final2
Introduction
• Human gait – locomotion
• Bipedal, biphasic forward propulsion of centre
of gravity of the human body, in which there
are alternate sinuous movements of different
segments of the body with least expenditure
of energy.
• Normal gait: stability in stance; clearance in
swing; adequate step length; energy
conservation; support of bodyweight
http://demotu.org/blog/gait-andar-e-marcha-a-re/#more-948
Baker 2013
Gait cycle
Gait parameters
Whittle 2007
Rockers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=QuaEdhgLdKM
Gait in the children
1. The walking base is wider
2. The stride length and speed
are lower
and the cycle time shorter (higher
cadence)
3. Small children have no heel
strike, initial
contact being made by the flat
foot
4. There is a little knee flexion
during the stance phase
5. The whole leg is externally
rotated during the
swing phase
6. There is an absence of
reciprocal arm swinging
Whittle 2007
Gait in the elderly
Two influences:
1. The effects of age itself
2. The effects of pathological
conditions,
such as OA and parkinsonism
Whittle 2007
Abnormal gait:
Complex interaction between the many
neuromuscular and structural elements of
the locomotor system.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIOP2RT_9uQ
Whittle 2007
Abnormal gait:
• Neuromuscular
• Musculoskeletal
• Painful due to arthritis
• Weakness
• Drop Foot
Lateral trunk bending
Trendelenburg gait.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUPQp5oxXj8
Trunk bending
Functional leg length discrepancy
Circumduction Hip hiking
Steppage Vaulting
Excessive knee Excessive knee
extension flexion
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=V02GoT-N58c https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=b_j327371fM
Foot
1. Abnormal foot contact
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmRwDMDDv98
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfw58BXdCPc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3R6DsJOblk
Walking aids
Assistive devices: canes, crutches and frames.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6v7HCmVIrU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1S27RaQ-A7Q
Crouch gait
• Consider degrees of severity
• Knee flexion > 30 deg, ankle dorsiflexion > 2SD,
Reduced hip extension
• Increased oxygen consumption and effort
• Increased joint loads: pain and stress fractures
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLFQM1e-vJw
Hemiplegic gait
- Unilateral weakness
- Leg extended with plantarflexion
- Cirdunduction due to the
weakness of the distal muscles,
equinus foot and extension
hiperthony of the lower limb.
Diplegic gait