Unit 1 LIFE STORIES

A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Complete each gap with one suitable homophone.
1. here
2. meat
3. weather
4. piece
5. ate
6. by
7. there
8. no
9. way
10. bored
2. Check the homophone (A, or B) of each of the words in bold below.
A B
1. bare bear bar
2. two too tune
3. new knew knee
4. weak week wet
5. there theirs their
6. write right ride
7. saw sour sore
8. whose who who's
9. fair far fare
10. you're your yours
3. Write the two homophones which are pronounced as shown.
1. /hɔːs/
2. /θru:/
3. /aʊ(r)/
4. /saɪt/
5. /flu:/
6. /bi:n/
7. /reɪz/
8. /seɪl/
9. /əlaʊd/
10. /eə(r)/
4. Practice saying these exchanges with your friend.
1. A: What are you doing this weekend?
B: I'm visiting my grandmother. She's too weak to walk now.
2. A. You should write to Mr Silverman to say sorry.
 B. OK. I'll do that tonight.
3. A. You're not allowed to eat or drink here.
B. I know. We are supposed not to read aloud, either.
4. A: Whose novel is this?
B: I'm not sure. By the way, let me see who the author is.
5. A: Would you like to try some bean soup?
B: I'd love to! I haven't been able to make any bean soup these days.
6. A: Our train was half an hour late.
B: Oh, that was bad.
7. A: Do you know how to ride a horse?
B: No, but I can ride a camel.
8. A: You look bored.
B: I am. I need to board a plane to go somewhere for a change.
9. A: I haven't heard from him for two months. I really miss him.
B: I miss him, too.
10. A: I'm not quite sure whether to go swimming in the beach or not.
B: You should, for a change, if the weather is good.
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. Choose the word (a or b) which has the meaning provided.
1. Having strong will to do something
a. influential b. determined
2. Show great respect for somebody
a. inspire b. admire
3. Having a natural ability or skill
a. talented b. hard-working
4. The quality of being kind and generous
a. generosity b. perseverance
5. A brief statement showing one's goal, ideal or principle
a. goal b. motto
6. Intended to help those in need
a. humble b. charitable
7. Make something start
a. share b. initiate
8. Who you are or who you are associated with
a. identity b. mission
9. Poor people
a. the needy b. the disabled
10. Cannot be seen
a. hidden b. alive
11. Athletes with disabilities
a. hardships b. parathletes
12. A woman who looks after a child as a mother
a. foster mother b. adopted mother
13. Teach a child to behave in a particular way or believe in something
a. bring up b. feed
14. Bad luck
a. orphanage b. misfortune
15. Unable to do anything
a. obsessed b. helpless
2. Complete each sentence with one suitable word from the box.
misfortune hidden brought up charitable foster
identity persistence perform initiated the needy
motto helpless away admire talented
1. Jim and Sam had been to believe that borrowing money was bad.
2. After his biological mother passed away, the child was looked after by an American woman who acted
as his mother.
3. Despite the , the man never gave up his hopes and dreams to improve human lives.
4. Some people believe that only rich people are capable of doing work, but I don't think so.
5. She stood there, and depressed, looking at her poor little thing taking his last breaths.
6. Liam didn't reveal his talent as a singer until he came for an audition on the Voice.
7. Mr Jackson has recently given a great deal of money through various scholarships and
charity programs.
8. His success was largely a result of hard work and .
9. I greatly Jordan Nguyen, an Australian Vietnamese engineer, whose research focuses on
enhancing the mobility of disabled people.
10. Although the Tran's have been living in the US for years, they always keep their as
Vietnamese people.
11. Jamie Pugh, who came on a Britain's Got Talent audition as a humble pizza man, overcame his fears
to „Bring him home‟ with success.
12. Mr Boers gave half of the profit to an orphanage. His in life is to give as much as he can.
13. David a joint music project with his brother for school children in different states of the
country.
14. The highly young designer has been awarded with a prestigious prize for his newly created
model of robots.
15. There are problems getting food and money for in these deprived areas.
3. Complete each gap with one suitable word from the box.
first earned lady party in
appointed against when then married
Hillary Clinton was born on October 26, 1947, in Chicago, Illinois. She (1) her law
degree from Yale University. She (2) fellow law school graduate Bill Clinton in 1975. She later
served as first (3) from 1993 to 2001, and (4) as a U.S. senator from 2001 to 2009.
In early 2007, Clinton announced her plans to run for the presidency. During the 2008 Democratic
primaries, she conceded the nomination (5) it became apparent that Barack Obama held a
majority of the delegate votes. After winning the national election, Obama (6) Clinton
secretary of state. She was sworn in as part of his cabinet in January 2009 and served until 2013.
(7) the spring of 2015, she announced her plans to run again for the U.S. presidency. In 2016,
she became the (8) woman in U.S. history to become the presidential nominee of a major
political (9) . After a polarizing campaign (10) Donald Trump, Clinton was defeated
in the general election that November.
(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/hillary-clinton-9251306)
4. Read the text and complete each gap with the correct form of the word provided.
Scottish celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay has opened restaurants around the world and (1. HOST)
such popular TV programs as „Hell's Kitchen‟ and „Master Chef.‟
Born in Scotland in 1966, Gordon Ramsay left behind an early (2. ATHLETE) career to
become a renowned chef in London. By the early 2000s he was making his mark on British TV as the
temperamental host of Ramsay’s Kitchen Nightmares and Hell's Kitchen, shows that made a (3.
SUCCEED) transition to American audiences. The award-winning chef has since (4.
EXPAND) his celebrity brand via such programs as Master Chef and Hotel Hell and opening
more (5. RESTAURANT) around the globe.
(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/gordon-ramsay-17169720)
Shakespeare occupies a position unique in world literature. Other poets, such as Homer and Dante,
and (6. NOVEL) , such as Leo Tolstoy and Charles Dickens, have transcended national barriers;
but no writer's living (7. REPUTE) can compare to that of Shakespeare, whose plays, written in
the late 16th and early 17th centuries for a small repertory theatre, are now (8. PERFORM) and
read more often and in more countries than ever before. The prophecy of his great contemporary, the poet
and (9. DRAMA) Ben Jonson, that Shakespeare “was not of an age, but for all time,” has been
(10. FULFIL) .
(Text adapted from https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Shakespeare)
5. Complete each gap with a(n), the or no article (x).
1. My next destination will be Amsterdam, the capital of Netherlands.
2. In an article appearing in Washington Post recently, the man talked about how he initiated
the project and sticked to it through ups and downs.
3. Jane was born in Indonesia, but she migrated to United States with her family
when she was ten.
4. „Do you play any sports?‟ „Yes, I play badminton and tennis.
5. I wish I would climb Mt Everest one day. Many mountaineers have set their foot there,
which is an inspiration for me.
6. At school we learn maths, history, geography and other subjects.
7. Louvre is one of the most visited art museums in the world. It is located on the the Right
Bank of Seine, a famous river in Paris, France.
8. „How does your father get to work every day?‟ „Most days he travels by train and he
occasionally goes by bus.
9. My daughter can now play guitar quite well. She has guitar lessons twice a week.
10. kangaroos are my favourite animals. They look gentle and friendly to me.
11. Located in North Africa, Sahara Desert, the world's largest hot deserts, stretches from
Red Sea to Atlantic Ocean.
12. I bumped into old friend of mine when I was walking down the market area yesterday.
13. “Con duong cai quan” is one of greatest music works by Pham Duy.
14. He's scientist I told you about that helped me a lot during my research process.
15. My brother in law works in Japan. He learned Japanese when he was a
university student.
6. Read the text and use the verb in brackets in the simple past tense.
Steven Paul Jobs was an American inventor, designer and entrepreneur who (1. be) the
co-founder, chief executive and chairman of Apple Computer. Apple's revolutionary products, which
include the iPod, iPhone and iPad, are now seen as dictating the evolution of modern technology. Born in
1955 to two University of Wisconsin graduate students who (2. give) him up for adoption, Jobs
(3. be) smart but directionless, dropping out of college and experimenting with different
pursuits before co-founding Apple with Steve Wozniak in 1976. Jobs (4. leave) the company in
1985, launching Pixar Animation Studios, then (5. return) to Apple more than a decade later.
Jobs (6. die) in 2011 following a long battle with pancreatic cancer.
(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/steve-jobs-9354805)
Born Diana Spencer on July 1, 1961, Princess Diana (7. become) Lady Diana Spencer
after her father (8. inherit) the title of Earl Spencer in 1975. She (9. marry) the heir
to the British throne, Prince Charles, on July 29, 1981. They (10. have) two sons and later
(11. divorce) in 1996. Diana (12. die) on August 31, 1997, from injuries she
(13.sustain) in a car crash in Paris. She is remembered as the "People's Princess" because of her
widespread popularity and global humanitarian.
(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/princess-diana-9273782)
7. Complete the story with the correct tense of the verb. Choose A or B.
Jimmy was reading a novel in his bedroom. It (1) dark. He (2) a strange noise.
Jimmy (3) around his room. He (4) anything unusual. His mother (5) in
the kitchen. His father (6) his brother with a maths problem. His sisters (7) in the
backyard. He (8) the noise again. This time it was louder. All of a sudden, Jimmy (9)
something on his back. His parents and sisters all (10) into his room and (11) on the
light. „What's wrong?‟ they yelled. Jimmy turned around and (12) his dog, Moon! He (13)
and said he was sorry. His parents and sisters (14) , too.
1. A. was being B. was
2. A. was hearing B. heard
3. A. was looking B. looked
4. A. was not seeing B. didn't see
5. A. was cooking B. cooked
6. A. was helping B. helped
7. A. were playing B. played
8. A. was hearing B. heard
9. A. was feeling B. felt
10. A. were pouring B. poured
11. A. were turning B. turned
12. A. was seeing B. saw
13. A. was laughing B. laughed
14. A. was laughing B. laughed
8. Choose the best answer (A, B, or C) that best fits each gap.
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (July 18, 1918 to December 5, 2013) was a nonviolence anti-apartheid
activist, politician and philanthropist (1) became South Africa's first black president from 1994
to 1999. Becoming actively (2) in the anti-apartheid movement in his 20s, Mandela joined the
African National Congress in 1942. (3) 20 years, he directed a campaign of peaceful,
nonviolent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies. Beginning in 1962,
Mandela (4) 27 years in prison for political offenses. In 1993, Mandela and South African
President F.W. de Klerk were (5) awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to end the
country's apartheid system. For generations to come, Nelson Mandela will continue to be a (6)
of inspiration for activists worldwide.
On December 5, 2013, at the (7) of 95, Nelson Mandela died at his home in
Johannesburg, South Africa. After (8) a lung infection in January 2011, Mandela was briefly
hospitalized in Johannesburg to undergo surgery for a stomach ailment in early 2012. He was released
after (9) few days, later returning to Qunu. Mandela would be hospitalized many times over the
next several years - in December 2012, March 2013 and June 2013 - for further testing and medical
treatment relating (10) his recurrent lung infection.
(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017)
1. A. who B. whose C. he
2. A. enjoyed B. involved C. participated
3. A. Since B. As C. For
4. A. sent B. went C. spent
5. A. jointly B. mutually C. bilaterally
6. A. cause B. record C. source
7. A. age B. birth C. year
8. A. going B. attaching C. suffering

9. A. a B. many C. a lot
10. A. with B. in C. to
9. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correction.
1. Beethoven, a gifted German pianist, composed many great works of music that have had great impacts
A B C
on the Western Europe's music landscape.
D
2. Bill Gates and Steve Jobs are two influence figures in my brother's life that have shaped his career
A B C D
path in many ways.
3. Poor in this area need more support on how to lead a better life and learn new life skills.
A B C D
4. My uncle travels by the underground to work every day, but his wife goes to work by bus.
A B C D
5. I am playing basketball with my sister when I fell down and broke my leg.
A B C D
6. Two days ago we were buying our tickets for the concert which will be held on Friday night 12
A B C D
August.
7. When my mother had lived in that apartment with her uncle, she was always complaining about the
A B C D
neighbour's rude behaviour.
8. United Nations was founded in 1945 to create and maintain international peace and order.
A B C D
9. A tragic event happened to her family while she had a holiday in the Philippines with her fiancée.
A B C D
10. Sadly the boy wastes all the hard-earned money that his mother had saved up throughout her life on
A B C D
gambling.
11. I tell him the truth when he asked me what had happened.
A B C D
12. I never listen to the radio. In fact, I don't have the radio.
A B C D
13. Can you turn television down, please. It's a little loud.
A B C D
14. Last semester he reads two novels and wrote two journal articles.
A B C D
15. We did enjoy ourselves. We went to most expensive restaurant in town.
A B C D
16. It was a beautiful day. The sun shone brightly in a sky.
A B C D
17. Because her application had been rejected, she is depressed.
A B C D
18. I looked for somewhere to have a snack when I bumped into you.
A B C D
19. We often have the dinner without dad because he goes home late.
A B C D
20. When I looked out of the window, I realised that it snowed.
A B C D
C. READING
1. Read the passage and decide whether each statement is true, or false. Chose a or b.
British cosmologist Stephen William Hawking was born in England on Jan. 8, 1942 - 300 years to
the day after the death of the astronomer Galileo Galilei. He attended University College, Oxford, where
he studied physics, despite his father's urging to focus on medicine. Hawking went on to Cambridge to
research cosmology, the study of the universe as a whole.
In early 1963, just shy of his 21st birthday, Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuron disease,
more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He was not
expected to live more than two years. Completing his doctorate did not appear likely. Yet, Hawking
defied the odds, not only attaining his Ph.D. but also forging new roads into the understanding of the
universe in the decades since.
As the disease spread, Hawking became less mobile and began using a wheelchair. Talking grew
more challenging and, in 1985, an emergency tracheotomy caused his total loss of speech. A speech-
generating device constructed at Cambridge, combined with a software program, served as his electronic
voice, allowing Hawking to select his words by moving the muscles in his cheek. He died on 14 March
2018 at the age of 76.
(Text adapted https://www.space. com/15923-stephen-hawking.html)
1. Stephen Hawking was a British cosmologist.
a. True b. False
2. Stephen Hawking studied physics at Oxford because his father wanted him to.
a. True b. False
3. He researched cosmology at Cambridge.
a. True b. False
4. Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuron disease when he was 21 years old.
a. True b. False
5. Another common name for motor neuron disease is Lou Gehrig's disease.
a. True b. False
6. The phrase „Hawking defied the odds...‟ means „Hawking was an exception.‟
a. True b. False
7. The word „forging‟ in paragraph 2 most closely means „creating.‟
a. True b. False
8. Hawking never completed his PhD.
a. True b. False
9. Hawking never used a wheel chair even when his disease became worse.
a. True b. False
10. He lost his speech in 1985 due to an emergency tracheotomy.
a. True b. False
11. An electronic voice developed for Hawking at Cambridge enabled him to communicate by selecting
words using the muscles in his lips.
a. True b. False
12. Hawking died 376 years after the death of the astronomer Galileo Galilei.
a. True b. False
2. Read the passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to each question.
The incredible Elvis Presley life story began when Elvis Aaron Presley was born to Vernon and
Gladys Presley in a two-room house in Tupelo, Mississippi, on January 8, 1935. His twin brother, Jessie
Garon, was stillborn, leaving Elvis to grow up as an only child. He and his parents moved to Memphis,
Tennessee, in 1948, and Elvis graduated from Humes High School there in 1953.
Elvis' musical influences were the pop and country music of the time, the gospel music he heard in
church and at the all-night gospel sings he frequently attended, and the black R&B he absorbed on
historic Beale Street as a Memphis teenager.
In 1954, Elvis began his singing career with the legendary Sun Records label in Memphis. In late
1955, his recording contract was sold to RCA Victor. By 1956, he was an international sensation. With a
sound and style that uniquely combined his diverse musical influences and blurred and challenged the
social and racial barriers of the time, he ushered in a whole new era of American music and popular
culture.
Here are a few Elvis Presley facts: he starred in 33 successful films, made history with his television
appearances and specials, and knew great acclaim through his many, often record-breaking, live concert
performances on tour and in Las Vegas. Globally, he has sold over one billion records, more than any
other artist. His American sales have earned him gold, platinum or multi-platinum awards. Among his
many achievements were 14 Grammy nominations (3 wins) from the National Academy of Recording
Arts & Sciences, the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award which he received at age 36, and his being
named One of the Ten Outstanding Young Men of the Nation for 1970 by the United States Jaycees.
Without any of the special privileges his celebrity status might have afforded him, Elvis honorably served
his country in the U.S. Army.
His talent, good looks, sensuality, charisma, and good humor endeared him to millions, as did the
humility and human kindness he demonstrated throughout his life. Known all over the world by his first
name, he is regarded as one of the most important figures of twentieth century popular culture. Elvis died
at his Memphis home, Graceland, on August 16,1977.
(Text adapted from https://www.graceIand.com/elvis/biography.aspx)
1. As in paragraph 1, what is NOT true about Elvis Presley?
A. Vernon and Gladys are his parents.
B. Elvis was born in Memphis, Tennessee.
C. Elvis was the only child in his family.
D. His high school was in Memphis, Tennessee.
2. What does the word „stillborn‟ in paragraph 1 mean?
A. dead when born B. not born yet C. to be born soon D. still alive
3. When did Elvis graduate from high school?
A. 1935 B. 1953 C. 1954 D. 1955
4. The word „legendary‟ most closely means .
A. important B. rich C. famous D. heart-breaking
5. What was one of Elvis's life events in late 1955?
A. He became an international sensation.
B. He signed a contract with Sun Records.
C. He combined different musical influences to assert his music style.
D. His recording contract was sold to RCA Victor.
6. The phrase „ushered in‟ in the third paragraph could be best replaced by .
A. opened up B. criticised C. discussed D. concluded
7. Which is NOT mentioned as Elvis's musical influences?
A. pop music B. country music C. Memphis arts D. gospel music
8. What could be inferred from paragraph 2 about Elvis Presley?
A. He lived on Beale Street.
B. Beale Street was in Memphis.
C. There was a black R & B music shop on Beale Street.
D. Elvis played black R & B music during his teenage years.
9. Which is true about Elvis's career?
A. He starred in 34 successful films.
B. He won the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at the age of 36.
C. He won 14 Grammy awards.
D. He was named the youngest man for 1970.
10. What did Elvis do in Las Vegas?
A. He performed live there.
B. He died there.
C. He appeared on a local television there.
D. He sold his albums there.
11. He was best known as .
A. Presley B. Elvis C. a Memphis local D. a soldier
12. How old was Elvis when he died?
A. 42 B. 32 C. 41 D. 40
D. WRITING
1. Complete each sentence with one suitable preposition.
1. Mr Ritch was five years younger than his wife. He was born 1908.
2. The boy was born a poor family with both his parents being jobless for an extended period
of time.
3. During her teenage years she worked a waitress at a famous Italian restaurant.
4. the age of twenty, the younger brother move Auckland, New Zealand and studied
biochemistry at Auckland University.
5. 1997 and 2001, the couple worked for a software company in the local area.
6. 15 January, 2010, my sister was granted a scholarship to do an Engineering course in the
US.
7. June, 2016, the ever energetic female writer passed away at her home in the presence of her
beloved children.
8. As time passed, he moved from one place another, running literacy programs for
disadvantaged children where he arrived.
9. one of his missions in Japan, John fell in love with a local girl whom he married and had one
son.
10. the next few years, the young leader aims to open more restaurants in Central Vietnam.
2. Rewrite each sentence below. Keep the meaning the same.
1. I haven't written to him for eight months.
I ago.
2. She told Jane that she was leaving the next day.
She said, “ ”
3. It's almost two years since she last talked to her niece.
She hasn't
4. If we had booked the tickets, we could have seen the film.
We couldn't see
5. When my brother wanted to buy an iPhone, he had to save up for two years.
It took
3. Write a bibliography of a person you know/like in about 150 words.
 ANSWER KEY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1 1. hear 2. meet 3. whether 4. peace 5. eight
6. buy 7. their/they‟re 8. know 9. weigh 10. board
2 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. A
3 1. horse - hoarse 2. through - threw 3. our - hour 4. site - cite
5. flew - flu 6. been - bean 7. rays – raise 8. sale - sail
9. aloud - allowed 10. heir - air
4 Students' answers
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. b 6. b 7. b 8. a
9. a 10. A 11. b 12. a 13. a 14. b 15. b
2 1. brought up 2. foster 3. misfortune 4. charitable 5. helpless
6. hidden 7. away 8. persistence 9. admire 10. identity
11. perform 12. motto 13. initiated 14. talented 15. the needy
3 1. earned 2. married 3. lady 4. then 5. when
6. appointed 7. In 8. first 9. party 10. against
4 1. hosted 2. athletic 3. successful 4. expanded 5. Restaurants
6. novelists 7. reputation 8. performed 9. dramatist 10. Fulfilled
5 1. the 2. the 3. x, the 4. x, x 5. x
6. x, x, x 7. The, the, x 8. x, x 9. the/x 10.x
11. the, the, the 12. an 13. the 14. the 15. x, x
6 1. was 2. gave 3. was 4. left 5. returned
6. died 7. became 8. inherited 9. married 10. had
11. divorced 12. died 13. sustained
7 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. B
9. B 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B
8 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C
9 1. D (Western Europe) 2. C (influential) 3. A (The poor)
4. B (underground) 5. A (was playing) 6. A (bought)
7. A (lived) 8. A (The United Nations) 9. B (was having a holiday)
10. A (wasted) 11. A (told) 12. D (a/any radio)
13. B (the television) 14. A (read) 15. C (the most expensive)
16. D (the sky) 17. D (was) 18. A (was looking)
19. A (dinner) 20. D (was snowing)
C. READING
1 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. a
7. a 8. b 9. b 10. a 11. b 12. a
2 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A
7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. A
D. WRITING
1 1. in 2. into 3. as 4. At, to 5. Between
6. On 7. In 8. to 9. During/In 10. Over/In
2
1. last wrote to him eight months.
2. I'm leaving tomorrow, Jane.
3. talked to her niece for almost two years.
4. the film because we didn't book the tickets.
5. my brother two years to save up to buy an iPhone.
3 Model answer
Ludwig van Beethoven was born on or about December 16, 1770 in the city of Bonn, Germany. His
mother, Maria Magdalena van Beethoven, was a slender, genteel, and deeply moralistic woman. His
father, Johann van Beethoven, was a mediocre court singer better known for his alcoholism than any
musical ability. Beethoven had two younger brothers who survived into adulthood, Caspar, born in 1774,
and Johann, born in 1776.
Beethoven is the crucial transitional figure connecting the Classical and Romantic ages of Western
music. His personal life was marked by a struggle against deafness, and some of his most important
works were composed during the last 10 years of his life, when he was quite unable to hear. Almost
miraculously, despite his rapidly progressing deafness, Beethoven continued to compose at a furious
pace. From 1803 to 1812, what is known as his "middle" or "heroic" period, he composed an opera, six
symphonies, four solo concerti, five string quartets, six string sonatas, seven piano sonatas, five sets of
piano variations, four overtures, four trios, two sextets and 72 songs. The most famous among these were
symphonies No. 3-8, the "Moonlight Sonata," the "Kreutzer" violin sonata and Fidelio, his only opera. In
terms of the astonishing output of superlatively complex, original and beautiful music, this period in
Beethoven's life is unrivaled by any of any other composer in history.
For a variety of reasons that included his shyness and unfortunate physical appearance, Beethoven
never married or had children. He was, however, desperately in love with a married woman named
Antonie Brentano. Over the course of two days in July of 1812, Beethoven wrote her a long and beautiful
love letter that he never sent.
Beethoven died in Vienna, Austria on 26 March, 1827, at the age of 56.
(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/Iudwig-van-beethoven-9204862)
 Unit 2 URBANISATION
A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Choose the sound (a or b) for the underlined part in each word below.
1. urbanisation a. /eɪ/ b. /əʊ/
2. grow a. /aɪ/ b. /əʊ/
3. engaged a. /ɔɪ/ b. /eɪ/
4. area a. /eə/ b. /əʊ/
5. overload a. /aʊ/ b. /əʊ/
6. crowded a. /aʊ/ b. /əʊ/
7. process a. /aʊ/ b. /əʊ/
8. financial a. /aɪ/ b. /əʊ/
9. amount a. /aʊ/ b. /eə/
10. appear a. /ɪə/ b. /aɪ/
11. ensure a. /ɪə/ b. /ʊə/
12. sustainable a. /eɪ/ b. /aɪ/
13. arise a. /ʊə/ b. /aɪ/
14. avoid a. /ɔɪ/ b. /aɪ/
15. poor a. /aʊ/ b. /ʊə/
2. Which diphthong does each of these words contain? Put them into the correct line.
break housing slow show bright now
poor air sure fear noise coast
weigh know say crowd find eyes
cloud hair toy soul pain boat
buy soil face ground assure enjoy
coin sphere choice bear share wild chair
shine hear tour here late how
smoke cheer contour clear sure
1. /eɪ/

2. /aɪ/

3. /əʊ/

4. /ɔɪ/

5. /aʊ/

6. /ɪə/
7. /eə/

8. /ʊə/

B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1. Choose the best synonym/ definition of each word/ phrase below. Use the words from the box.
move growing look for lack way of thinking
traffic jam go up lead to crowded very large
accommodation job manage impact happen
1. traffic congestion
2. increase (v)
3. densely-populated
4. migrate
5. occur
6. employment
7. mindset
8. housing
9. shortage
10. affect
11. result in
12. deal with
13. massive
14. seek
15. expanding
2. Complete each sentence below with one suitable word (a or b).
1. Many people choose to leave their home village to better job opportunities in Ho Chi Minh
city.
a. seek b. look
2. is one of the worst issues facing urbanisation today. I find it stressful to join the traffic at
peak hours.
a. Traffic congestion b. Traffic accident
3. Accidents almost every day on this road due to a lack of warning signs for construction
dangers ahead.
a. take b. occur
4. It's really hard to change the of these people because they were born with the belief that
women need to stay at home and do housework.
a. gender b. mindset
5. The population of this city has from 15 million to 20 million in the last five years.
a. decreased b. increased
6. Unemployment in big cities can high crime rates and other social evils.
a. result in b. deal with
7. is a pressing need for migrants in this residential area. Some families have to squeeze in a
10 square meters flat.
a. Renting b. Housing
8. There's a serious of clean water in many urban areas in the world. People don't have enough
clean water for their daily use, and as a result suffer poor hygiene.
a. shortage b. waste
9. Poorly-paid manual jobs in the countryside are one of the push factors that drive these farmers to
to big cities.
a. migrate b. settle
10. Rapidly industries in large cities have added to the increasing level of environmental
pollution in the area.
a. shrinking b. growing
11. Today this country is a mostly society, with more than 90 per cent of its inhabitants living
in towns or cities.
a. urban b. rural
12. Many cities the issue of traffic congestion by introducing traffic management schemes such
as cycle lanes and car pooling.
a. manage b. deal
13. People are now migrating to big cities on a massive .
a. scale b. extent
14. Dharavi, Mumbai, India, is the world's most densely urban area with up to one million
people per one square mile.
a. populated b. developed
15. Although the UK is an urban society, more and more people are choosing to relocate to the .
a. city b. countryside
3. Complete each gap with the correct form of the word provided.
Urban Threats
The promise of jobs and prosperity, among other factors, pulls people to cities. Half of the
(1.GLOBE) population already lives in cities, and by 2050 two-thirds of the world's people are
expected to live in (2. URBANISATION) areas. But in cities, two of the most pressing
problems (3. FACE) the world today also come together: (4. POOR) and
environmental degradation.
Poor air and water quality, (5. SUFFICIENT) water availability, waste-disposal
problems, and high energy (6. CONSUME) are worsened by the increasing population density
and demands of urban environments. Strong city planning will be essential in (7. MANAGE)
these and other difficulties as the world's urban areas swell.
(Text adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/urban-threats/)
There is an inequitable distribution of health threats within urban areas. Families with the lowest
incomes are most at risk of their children being malnourished and (8. DIE) early, have less
access to health services such as skilled birth attendance, and are also (9. ADVANTAGE) in
terms of their living conditions, such as access to piped water. Importantly, these inequities exist along a
social gradient, also affecting middle-class city (10. DWELL) to at least some extent.
(Text adapted from https://www.adb.org/features/facts-and-data-about-cities-and-urbanization-asia)
Rural to Urban Migration
Much of global urbanisation is due to rural-urban migration. Such (11. GROW) is
especially commonplace today in developing countries, where job opportunities and levels of pay are far
(12. HEIGHT) in urban areas than they are in rural areas. Rural to urban (13.
MIGRATE) has been happening in the UK since the industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries.
During this time there was a shift away from (14. AGRICULTURE) based rural dwelling
towards more urban habitation to meet the mass demand for labour that new (15.
INDUSTRIAL) required.
(Text adapted from https://21stcenturychallenges.org/urbanisation-2/)
4. Choose the sentence that contains a compound adjective.
1. A. My brother has a part-time job at an Italian restaurant.
B. My brother is not working part-time at the moment.
2. A. Mary's niece is three years old.
B. Mary has a three-year-old niece.
3. A. The book is twenty pages long.
B. It's a twenty-page book.
4. A. This is a smoke-free building.
B. You can't smoke in this building.
5. A. Alicia Keys is famous all over the world.
B. Alicia Keys is a world-famous singer.
6. A. Mr Anderson and Jim were friends for a long time.
B. Mr Anderson had a long-lasting friendship with Jim.
7. A. By-the-hour room rentals are not very expensive in this case.
B. You can rent this room by the hour.
8. A. This area was once a coal-mining town.
B. The workers are mining coal in the area.
9. A. I don't think this project is beneficial in the long run.
B. I can't see any long-term benefits with this project.
10. A. The man always dresses very well.
B. He's a very well-dressed man.
5. Choose the best answer (A, B or C) to complete each of the following sentences.
1. He behaves very well. He's a very child.
A. well-behaving B. well-behaved C. behaved well
2. Mrs Black has a kind heart. She's .
A. kind-hearted B. kind heart C. kindly-heart
3. „- Look at Tom. He's writing with his left hand.‟ „- Don't you know he's ?‟
A. left hand B. left handing C. left-handed
4. It took him three hours to get to the city. It was a trip.
A. three hours B. three-hours C. three-hour
5. My father works for a foreign company and he earns a good salary. He has job.
A. well-paid B. well-paying C. good-paid
6. Mr. Chan likes to hear about new ideas. He is .
A. open-mind B. open minds C. open-minded
7. This air conditioner we've bought can save a lot of energy. It's an air conditioner.
A. saving energy B. energy-saving C. energy saved
8. Look at the raisins! I want to get some. I really love eating raisins.
A. sun-dried B. sun-drying C. sun-dry
9. Yesterday, our grandmother told us a story. We were all very sad.
A. heart-broken B. heart-breaking C. break-heart
10. This horse runs very fast. It's such a horse that it has won the race for three times now.
A run-fast B. fast-run C. fast-running
6. Choose the one word or phrase that is not appropriate.
1. We're sorry we can't answer your questions because we were not involved in the decision-made
A B C D
process.
2. Mr President gave a thought-provoked comment on the issue of social security in the city at the
A B C D
council's meeting yesterday.
3. Eshika has just finished reading a 400-pages book. She's such a fast reader.
A B C D
4. Bad air quality in big cities can contribute to illnesses like asthma and respiration-relate diseases such
A B C D
as pneumonia.
5. At the forum, leading managers and directors discussed ways to reduce costs on production of meat,
A B
and wind-power generators were the solution many people voted for.
C D
6. At yesterday's swimming round for men, Jimmy broke the record again.
A B
This was another record-broken race for him.
C D
7. „Do you know where his office is?‟ „It's the ten-storeys building over there.‟
A B C D
8. It wouldn't be cost-effectively to buy an expensive new car when all you want to do is to drive it once a
A B C D
month.
9. „What's her new boyfriend like?‟ „He's a friendly, easily-going type of guy, I think.‟
A B C D
10. All the class members like the new comer because he's Earth-to- down and honest with them.
A B C D
C. READING
1. Read the text and complete each gap with one suitable word from the box.
space higher has density pressure
which dwellers Efforts over-population by

Overcrowding
Overcrowding is a situation in which too many people live in too little space. Overcrowding is a
logical consequence of (1) in urban areas. It is naturally expected that cities having a large size
of population squeezed in a small (2) must suffer from overcrowding. This is well exhibited (3)
almost all the big cities of India.
For example, Mumbai (4) one-sixth of an acre open space per thousand people though
four acre is suggested standard by the Master Plan of Greater Mumbai. Metropolitan cities of India are
overcrowded both in „absolute‟ and „relative‟ terms. Absolute in the sense that these cities have a real
high (5) of population; relative in the sense that even if the densities are not very high the
problem of providing services and other facilities to the city (6) makes it so.
Delhi has a population density of 9,340 persons per sq km (Census 2001) (7) is the
highest in India. This is the overall population density for the Union territory of Delhi. Population density
in central part of Delhi could be much (8) . This leads to tremendous (9) on
infrastructural facilities like housing, electricity, water, transport, employment, etc. (10) to
decongest Delhi by developing ring towns have not met with the required success.
(Text adapted from http://www.yourartidelibrary.eom/urbanisation/11 -
major-problems-of-urbanisation-in-india/19880)
2. Read the passage and decide whether each statement is true (T), or false (F).
Copenhagen
European cities are some of the world's richest, and most are expected to barely grow or even shrink
over the next 50 years. Declining birth rates, ageing populations and good infrastructure allow many to
now focus on the environment.
But even if they aren't growing at nearly the rate of other cities, they are some of the world's biggest
consumers of energy and resources and emissions. This, says Copenhagen lord mayor Frank Jensen,
imposes on them an ethical duty to change.
“Today our harbour is so clean we can swim in the water, and 62% of Copenhageners ride their
bike to work or school every day. I want Copenhagen to maintain and further develop this position as a
green and liveable city,” he says.
The city has set the ambitious goal of becoming the world's first carbon neutral capital by 2025. As
well as tackling energy production and consumption, “this would mean building even more bicycle lanes
and new bridges to make even more Copenhageners choose the bike over the car,” he says.
Jensen thinks cities are more adaptable and quicker to act than higher levels of government. He
envisages them exchanging ideas and initiatives, through clusters like C40 Cities, an international forum
for mayors to meet and develop new ideas to solve environmental problems.
 In Europe, where one in four people is aged 60 or over - a figure expected to rise to 36% by the turn
of the century - the problem isn't too many people, but too much strain. “By sharing our best ideas and
solutions, we can go from great solutions locally to brilliant advances globally,” says Jensen. “Cities
therefore play a key role in ensuring a more sustainable future.”
(https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/mar/19/urban-explosion-
kinshasa-el-alto-growth-mexico-city-bangalore-lagos)
1. Most European cities are expected to grow rapidly.
2. Cities in Europe consumes the least amount of energy.
3. Fran Jensen is Copenhagen lord mayor.
4. The habour in Copenhagen is now polluted.
5. More than half of Copenhageners ride a bike to work or school every day.
6. By 2025 Copenhagen aims to become the world's first carbon neutral capital.
7. C40 Cities are places where mayors and their families live.
8. More bicycle lanes and new bridges would be built to encourage people to use bikes instead of cars.

9. 20% of the population in Europe is 60 years old or more.

10. Fran Jensen is very pessimistic about the future of cities.
3. Read each text below and answer the questions.
In 1900, the world's largest city was London, which then had 6.5 million people, and out of the 10
largest cities that year, only one was outside of Europe or America. That city was Tokyo, Japan with 1.5
million people. Today this is very different and the fastest growing cities are in Asia and Africa. Greater
Tokyo is the largest urban area in the world, with a population of 37.8 million people.
1. Which was the largest city in the world in 1900?
A. Tokyo B. London C. An African city
2. What could be inferred from the sentence „only one was outside of Europe or America‟?
A. No largest cities in 1900 were in America.
B. Europe was the only continent to have the world's largest city.
C. A majority of the largest cities were in Europe or America.
3. The fastest growing cities today are in .
A. Europe B. Asia or Africa C. America
4. What is the population of greater Tokyo?
A. 6.5 million people B. 1.5 million people C. 37.8 million people
Humans are rapidly becoming an urban species, with millions of people migrating to cities each
year. Over half of the world's population live in urban areas and this is likely to reach 70% of the
population by 2050.
(Text retrieved from https://21stcenturychallenges.org/urbanisation-2/)
5. What percentage of the world population live in urban areas?
A. 70% B. 50% C. 25%
6. According to the text, by 2050, there will be a likely increase of in the world urban
population.
A. 50% B. 20% C. 35%
 Caracas, the capital of Venezuela, is located in a valley. The wealthier residents and businesses
are located in the valley floor. But look up towards the hills and you will see the steep hillsides lined with
shantytowns, known as Barrios. In the last 50 years the population of Caracas has quadrupled, fuelled by
Venezuela's oil boom. But it is estimated that 50 percent of those living here still live in poor
neighbourhoods known as barrios. These areas also face serious security issues, with gang warfare, drug
dealing, robbery and other violent crimes. They exist outside the official city grid, built without architects
or municipal maps, and are in a constant state of transition.
(Text retrieved from https://21stcenturychallenges.org/urbanisation-2/)
7. Shantytowns, known as Barrios are found .
A. in the valley floor of Caracas
B. in the steep hillsides of Caracas
C. in the center of Caracas
8. The word „quadrupled‟ in the text means .
A. increased three times B. increased four times C. increased two times
9. What does the phrase „These areas‟ in the text refer to?
A. Businesses B. Social issues C. Barrios
10. Which is NOT mentioned as a security issue in Caracas?
A. Gang warfare B. Non-violent crimes C. Drug dealing
4. Read the passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to each question below.
The movement of people towards cities has accelerated in the past 40 years, particularly in the less-
developed regions, and the share of the global population living in urban areas has increased from one
third in 1960 to 47% (2.8 billion people) in 1999. The world's urban population is now growing by 60
million persons per year, about three times the increase in the rural population.
Increasing urbanisation results about equally from births in urban areas and from the continued
movement of people from the rural surround. These forces are also feeding the sprawl of urban areas as
formerly rural peri-urban settlements become incorporated into nearby cities and as secondary cities,
linked by commerce to larger urban centres, grow larger.
The proportion of people in developing countries who live in cities has almost doubled since 1960
(from less than 22% to more than 40%), while in more-developed regions the urban share has grown from
61% to 76%. There is a significant association between this population movement from rural to urban
areas and declines in average family size.
Asia and Africa remain the least urbanised of the developing regions (less than 38% each). Latin
America and the Caribbean is more than 75% urban, a level almost equal to those in Europe, Northern
America and Japan (all are between 75 and 79%).
Urbanisation is projected to continue well into the next century. By 2030, it is expected that nearly
5 billion (61%) of the world's 8.1 billion people will live in cities. The less-developed regions will be
more than 57% urban. Latin America and the Caribbean will actually have a greater percentage of
inhabitants living in cities than Europe will.
Globally, the number of cities with 10 million or more inhabitants is increasing rapidly, and most of
these new „megacities‟ are in the less-developed regions. In 1960, only New York and Tokyo had more
than 10 million people. By 1999, there were 17 cities of more than 10 million people around the world, 13
of these were in less- developed regions. It is projected that there will be 26 megacities by 2015, 22 in
less- developed regions (18 will be in Asia); more than 10% of the world's population will live in these
cities, up from just 1.7% in megacities in 1950.
(Text adapted from http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_c/popups/modl3t01s009.html)
1. What percentage of the world population living in urban areas in 1960?
A. About 33% B. 47% C. 60% D. 38%
2. According to paragraph 2, what contributes to increasing urbanisation?
A. old people in the cities B. births in urban areas
C. people moving from rural areas D. B and C
3. What was the urban share of developed countries in 1960?
A. 61% B. 76% C. 40% D. 22%
4. The word „declines‟ in paragraph 3 most closely means .
A. gaps B. decreases C. expansions D. moves
5. As in paragraph 4, what is the percentage of urbanisation in Latin America and the Caribbean?
A. more than 75% B. less than 79% C. more than 57% D. less than 38%
6. The word „megacities‟ in the last paragraph means .
A. new found cities B. cities in Asia
C. cities in less developed countries D. cities with 10 million people or more
7. How many cities in less developed regions had more than 10 million inhabitants in 1999?
A. 17 B. 10 C. 18 D. 13
8. Which is NOT true about the projection of urbanisation by 2030?
A. Europe will have more inhabitants living in cities than the Caribbean.
B. More than 57% of the population in less developed countries will live in cities.
C. 5 billion of the world population will live in cities.
D. Latin America will have more urban inhabitants than Europe.
9. This article was probably written around when?
A. Before 2015 B. In 2015 C. 40 years ago D. In 1960
10. What could be the best title of the passage?
A. Urbanisation in Asia B. Problems in urbanised areas
C. Births in urban areas D. Global trends towards urbanisation
D. WRITING
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition.
1. In the first ten years the population remained steady approximately three million.
2. The crime rate in this city increased rapidly well over 100 incidents per month.
3. For the next few months smart phone prices dropped 50% in spite of a predicted price
increase in basic electrical goods 25%.
4. The production of goods is predicted to finish the year 500 units per day.
5. Enrolment began 1,500 students and rose about 1,900 in the second semester.
2. Rewrite each of the following sentences using the word given.
1. From February to May, 2016 sales of this product increased dramatically.
(DRAMATIC)
2. The monthly profit increased by 10 % from 10 % to 20 %.
(THERE)
3. School A has almost as many students as School B.
(NUMBER)
4. The table illustrates the number of people migrating to Ho Chi Minh City between 2006 and 2010.
(ILLUSTRATES)
5. The proportion of women to men in the workforce in this industrial area has increased in the last five
years.
(GONE)
6. The production of hand-made items fell by 10 % last year.
(DECREASE)
7. The unemployment rate in the region reached the highest point in 2013 (40%).
(PEAKED)
8. The number of books sold to this bookstore has doubled.
(TWO-FOLD)
9. Belle produced by far the greatest proportion of fashion items (64 %).
(WAS)
10. There has been a steady rise in the sales of TV sets since 2015.
(STEADILY)
11. As is shown by the graph, rock music were more popular with boys than girls.
(SHOWS)
12. His country made up 15% of the total carbon dioxide emissions.
(ACCOUNTED)
13. A higher proportion of people aged 55 and over said that they attended classical music concerts than
people aged 15 to 25.
(THOSE)
14. In 2016 the number of farmers who left the village to relocate in the city rose to more than double the
number in 2012.
(THAT)
15. There were more males than females (105 males and 58 females).
(RESPECTIVELY)
3. Study the table and write a description of the data in the table.
Literacy rates in Snow City from 2014-2017
2014 2015 2016 2017
Southern region 60 % 63 % 68% 98%
Central region 80% 85% 90% 95%
Northern region 60% 45% 40% 25%
 ANSWER KEY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1 1. a 2. b 3. b 4. a 5.b 6. a 7.b 8. a
9. a 10. a 11. b 12. a 13. b 14. a 15. b
2 1. /eɪ/
break weigh pain late say face
2. /aɪ/
find eyes shine wild bright buy
3. /əʊ/
boat slow show smoke know soul
4. /ɔɪ/
toy coin choice noise soil enjoy
5. /aʊ/
now crowd cloud how housing ground
6. /ɪə/
fear hear clear sphere cheer here
7. /eə/
air hair fair chair share bear
8. /ʊə/
Sour pour assure contour tour sure
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 1. traffic jam 2. go up 3. crowded 4. move 5. happen
6. job 7. way of thinking 8. accommodation
9. lack 10. impact 11. lead to 12. manage
13. on a very large scale 14. look for 15. growing
2 1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5.b 6. a 7.b 8. a
9. a 10. b 11. a 12. a 13. a 14. a 15. b
3 1. global 2. urban 3. facing 4. poverty 5. insufficient
6. consumption 7. managing 8. dying 9. disadvantaged 10. dwellers
11. growth 12. higher 13. migration 14. agriculturally 15. industries
4 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B
5 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C
6 1. D (decision-making) 2. B (thought-provoking)
3. C (400-page) 4. D (respiration-related)
5. C (wind-powered) 6. D (record-breaking)
7. C (ten-storey) 8. A (cost-effective)
9. C (easy-going) 10. C (down-to-earth)
C. READING
1 1. over-population 2. space 3. by 4. has 5. density
6. dwellers 7. which 8. higher 9. pressure 10. Efforts
2 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. F
3 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B
4 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. D
D. WRITING
1 1. at 2. to 3. by-of 4. at/with 5. At/with, to
2
1. There was dramatic increase in sales of this product from February to May, 2016.
2. There was an increase of 10% in the monthly profit from 10% to 20%.
3. School A has almost the same number of students as School B.
4. The table illustrates the number of people migrating to Ho Chi Minh City between 2006 and 2010.
5. The proportion of women to men in the workforce in this industrial area has gone up in the last five
years.
6. There was decrease of 10% in the production of hand-made items last year.
7. The unemployment rate in the region peaked at 40% in 2013.
8. The number of books sold to this bookstore has increased two-fold.
9. By far the greatest proportion of fashion items (64%) was produced by Belle.
By far the greatest proportion of fashion items, 64 %, was produced by Belle.
10. The sales of TV sets have risen steadily since 2015.
11. As the graph shows, rock music were more popular with boys than girls.
12. This country accounted for 15% of the total carbon dioxide emissions.
13. A higher proportion of people aged 55 and over said that they attended classical music concerts than
those aged 15 to 25.
14. In 2016 the number of farmers who left the village to relocate in the city rose to more than double that
in 2012.
15. There were more males than females (105 and 58 respectively).
3 Model answer
The table presents the literacy rates in Snow City from 2014 to 2017. In 2014, Central Region had
the highest percentage of literate people (80%), while Southern and Northern areas had the same literacy
rate of 60%. In 2015, the literacy rate in Southern and Central areas rose by 3% and 5% respectively,
whereas it dropped by 15% to 45% in Northern Region. This figure continued to decline further by 5% in
2016 and hit a trough in 2017 (25%). On the contrary, the percentage of literate people in Southern and
Central regions were on the increase. In Southern Region, it rose to 68 % in 2016, and reached 98 % in
2017. Central Region witnessed a steady rise of 5 % for each next selected year (80% in 2016 and 85% in
2017).
 Unit 3 THE GREEN MOVEMENT
A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Circle the word (A, B, C, or D) that is stressed differently from the others.
1. A. pathway B. movement C. campaign D. substance
2. A. remains B. contacts C. impacts D. records (n)
3. A. renewable B. energetic C. disposable D. nutritional
4. A. commuter B. combustion C. pollutant D. particle
5. A. pasture B. amount C. issue D. rubbish
6. A. environment B. necessity C. entertainment D. community
7. A. distinguish B. certify C. recognize D. realize
8. A. disposal B. difference C. production D. proposal
9. A. representative B. psychological C. communicative D. economical
10. A. disadvantage B. information C. calculation D. accessory
2. Circle the word (A, B, C, or D) that has the underlined part prone differently from the others.
1. A. reuse B. preserve C. install D. combust
2. A. provide B. conserve C. promote D. commute
3. A. access B. biomass C. emission D. necessity
4. A. campaign B. asthma C. capital D. surface
5. A. disposal B. fossil C. prohibition D. infection
6. A. asthma B. pathway C. thank D. truth
7. A. occur B. particle C. culture D. recycle
8. A. sanitation B. habitat C. nature D. graduation
9. A. width B. isolation C. urbanization D. desire
10. A. researcher B. watch C. launch D. bronchitis
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. Match each word to its correct definition.
1. organic a. a soft, green or grey growth that develops on old foods or plants in warm and
wet conditions
2. pathway b. a lot of objects in a disordered or untidy state
3. disposal of c. a black powder produced when coal or wood is burned
4. deplete d. a medical condition making breathing difficult
5. combustion e. produced without the use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides.
6. soot particle f. the act of throwing something away
7. clutter g. the process of burning
8. mould and mildew h. the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives
9. asthma i. set of actions that helps to achieve a result
10. habitat j. use up the supply or resources or reduce something in size and amount
2. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words given.
organic pathway disposal of deplete combustion
soot particle clutter mould & mildew asthma habitat
1. Some cities in the world do not have proper facilities for the toxic wastes.
2. Modern cars are designed to filter emitted from engines.
3. The Nature Conservancy and its partners have conducted many campaigns to protect the that
many species need to survive.
4. If people continue to the Earth's natural resources, they will cause serious damage to the
environment
5. After one night of camping, Canh Duong beach became a of bottles and rubbish.
6. Children are likely to suffer from when living in a polluted area.
7. Eco-tourism has indisputably been part of the to economic progress, but which does not
destroy the nature.
8. The number of people using food is increasing in both developed and developing countries.
9. Fuel to produce energy to run machines results in a larger amount of carbon dioxide in the
air.
10. It is hard to keep things from in my city because it is very humid in the winter.
3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the brackets.
1. Promoting environmental friendly methods of growing plants and raising animals is to promote
in agriculture. (SUSTAIN).
2. water is recommended in growing flowers. (PURIFY)
3. People are concerned about some of the chemicals used in food . (PRESERVE)
4. Wind and sun are valuable resources of energy that many countries are promoting.
(RENEW)
5. Wildlife has become a priority in protecting our environment. (CONSERVE)
6. After the earthquake, rescue workers searched the of the house. (REMAIN)
7. Sulphur dioxide is one of the that are very harmful to human health. (POLLUTE)
8. At peak hours, the subways in Tokyo are often packed with . (COMMUTE)
9. It is very significant for us to our natural resources in an appropriate way. (EXPLOIT)
10. A great number of environmental campaigns have been carried out all over the world to reduce the
of greenhouse gases. (EMIT)
4. Complete each sentence with the correct answer by circling A, B, C, or D.
1. A green lifestyle cannot be promoted in our neighborhood the Green Go Green campaign
has been launched for a year.
A. although B. but C. and D. despite
2. Renewable resources such as wind and sun are never depleted creates environmental friendly
energy.
A. although B. but C. and D. so
3. At school, green cleaning products should be used, helps to raise students' awareness of the
environment.
A. that B. so that C. and D. which
4. deforestation continues, human beings will face more natural disasters every year.
A. but B. if C. and D. so that
5. Many people decide to live in a small city the environment is less polluted the
people are more friendly.
A. neither - nor B. either - or C. so - but D. because - and
6. Soot particles are very tiny, people are likely to take them in via their nose and throat.
A. so B. but C. although D. when
7. 3R principles of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle became increasingly implemented in many developed and
developing countries, helps to achieve sustainable development.
A. which B. that C. where D. because
8. At Tran Cao Van School, some activities aimed at improving students' understanding of environmental
problems others are designed to be raise money for the World Wildlife Fund.
A. when B. because C. and D. if
9. A mass fish poisoning was found in the sea near off the central Vietnam coast in 2016, was
caused by the discharge of Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Corporation.
A. where B. when C. though D. which
10. People pollute their own living environment they are trying to comfort their living with
more advanced facilities such as cars, ovens or air conditioners.
A. which B. while C. however D. but
5. Circle the word or phrase (A, B, or C) that would need correction.
1. Earth Hour is a globe movement, which brings together people across the world for a greater action on
A B C D
climate change.
2. Each year, hundreds of millions of people around the world switch off their lights but show they care
A B C
about the future of our planet.
C
3. They also organize events either at home, in their community nor in their towns or cities.
A B C D
4. Last year nearly 9 million people across the UK took part to send a clear message of supporting for
A B C D
climate action.
5. Cities, towns or communities in many other countries also came together at an hour, switching off their
A B C D
lights.
(Text adapted from https://www.wwf.org.uk/earthhour/what-is-earth-hour)
C. READING
1. Complete the text with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D.
WHY WE PROTECT WILDLIFE
Animals and plants are not just valuable for their own sake. They are also part of a wider (1)
environment that may provide food, shelter, water, and other functions, for other (2)
and people.
 With so much wildlife at (3) , the question people often ask us is how we decide which
animals and plants to focus (4) conservation efforts and funds on. Well, it's not always an easy
decision. However, World Wildlife Fund has (5) up a list of criteria to guide their actions.
Some of their considerations are: 1) Is it a species that is a vital (6) of a food chain?; 2)
Is it a species that (7) demonstrate broader conservation needs?; or 3) is it an important cultural
icon (8) will collect support for wildlife conservation as a whole?.
(Text adapted from https://www.wwf.org.uk/what-we-do/area-of-work/protecting-wildlife)
1. A. forest B. nature C. natural D. useful
2. A. plants B. wildlife C. lives D. human
3. A. risk B. dificulty C. first D. importance
4. A. us B. them C. their D. our
5. A. set B. provide C. offer D. wake
6. A. area B. place C. part D. whole
7. A. help B. helped C. to help D. helps
8. A. where B. that C. whom D. when
2. Complete the text with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D.
POLLUTING THE ENVIRONMENT
Vehicle exhaust fumes, litter, and many other waste products are called pollutants, which can affect
our health and harm animals and plants. Releasing chemical waste (1) factories and power
stations is one of the main ways in which we (2) our surrounding. These waste substances are
the unwanted (3) of modern living.
Pollution itself is not (4) a hundred years ago factories sent out great clouds of (5)
smoke, and pollution has now spread to every corner on Earth. Our scientists have much to
learn, (6) we do know more about how to control pollution. The use of (7) energy
will help in the fight as it is much cheaper than fossil fuels. We can also achieve some reduction in
pollution by (8) waste.
The use of cares which run on electricity (9) petrol is also a key feature in the fight
against pollution. It is up to everyone to be as economical as they can with the Earth's (10)
resources.
(Text adapted from Cambridge English Objective First, 2014)
1. A. with B. from C. and D. in
2. A. reduce B. preserve C. promote D. pollute
3. A. results B. causes C. supplies D. resources
4. A. advanced B. new C. old D. limited
5. A. natural B. poison C. poisonous D. pollution
6. A. but B. so C. and D. which
7. A. renewable B. sunny C. resourceful D. various
8. A. prohibiting B. protecting C. depleting D. recycling
9. A. or B. and C. instead of D. nor
10. A. extinct B. unlimited C. limited D. organic
3. Read the text and answer the following questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Gardens by the Bay
Gardens by the Bay is a nature park of 101 hectares in the Central Region of Singapore. Gardens by
the Bay comprises three distinctive waterfront gardens: Bay South, Bay East and Bay Central.
Gardens by the Bay is part of a strategy by the Singapore government to transform Singapore from
a "Garden City" to a "City in a Garden". The stated aim is to raise the quality of life by enhancing
greenery and flora in the city. First announced by the Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong, on National Day
in 2005, Gardens by the Bay was intended to be Singapore's premier urban outdoor recreation space. Two
British firms - Grant Associates and Dominic White - were awarded the design contracts for the Bay
South and Bay East Gardens respectively.
The largest of the three gardens is Bay South, which was opened in 2012. With its award-winning
cooled conservatories and iconic Supertrees, Bay South has placed Singapore on the international map
and is a source of national pride.
The Gardens' calendar - filled with signature festivals, music concerts and movie screenings, sports
and community events, and educational workshops and school programmes - draw a great number of
visitors to the Gardens. With more than 40 million visitors to date, Gardens by the Bay continues to
refresh and refine its attractions, to make the Gardens a place that everyone can enjoy.
(Text adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardens_by_the_Bay and
http://www.gardensbythebay.com.sg/en/the-gardens/our-story/introduction.html)
1. Where are Gardens by the Bay located?
A. In the center of Singapore B. Off the coast of Singapore
C. In a national park of Singapore D. To the South of Singapore
2. How many gardens are included in Gardens by the Bay?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. more than three
3. Among the gardens, which is the largest?
A. Bay South B. Bay East C. Bay Central D. Garden city
4. When was the project of developing Gardens by the Bay announced?
A. 2005 B. 2006 C. 2012 D. no information
5. What is the Singapore government's major goal of constructing Gardens of the Bay?
A. to attract more tourists to Singapore B. to enhance Singaporean's life quality
C. to develop Singapore as a garden city D. to promote importing plants and flowers
6. The word ‘transform’ in the second paragraph most closely means ?
A. formulate B. arrange C. conserve D. change
7. What nationality are the designers of Gardens by the Bay?
A. Singaporean B. Chinese C. British D. unknown
9. What makes Bay South internationally and nationally recognized as a landmark in Singapore?
A. Its wide structure B. Its number of visitors from Singapore
C. Its Supertrees D. Its special plants and trees
10. What are the attractions of Gardens by the Bay?
A. Unique festivals and musical performances
B. Sports and community events
C. Activities for school students
D. All of them
4. Read the text and answer the following questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Along with the rapid growth of the national economy and increased living standards, the use of
disposables and over-packaged products has become common, which causes a waste of resources, and
brings about a negative impact on the environment. Many countries have started to act to control the use
of disposables and over-packaged, products.
In 1994, the Ministry of Environment in Korea has put restrictions on packaging methods. Korea's
legal regulations require businesses to restrict their use of disposable products by reducing unnecessary
packaging materials or not giving them out to customers for free. The use of materials are difficult to
recycle is also prohibited.
Thanks to development of technology, biodegradable materials were invented to produce packaging
products. They are able to decay naturally by bacteria. Therefore, biodegradable packaging helps to limit
the amount of harmful chemicals released into the environment. In 2008, biodegradable bags were put in
use in most of the supermarkets in Korea. Paper cups and paper bags are also given to shoppers for free,
but in a limited use.
The ministry also established the detailed Guidelines on the Restrictions of Use of Disposable
Products in order to ensure that local governments could conduct systematic checks and inspections of
businesses, and implemented reductions on over-packaged products during national holidays, and school
admission and graduation seasons.
(Text adapted from h ttp://eng.me.go. kr/eng/web/index. do?menuld=383)
1. What could be the best title of the text?
A. The Impacts of Disposable Products
B. Korea's Ministry of Environment
C. Disposable Products and Over-packaging
D. Disposable Products and Holidays in Korea
2. What is the result of overusing disposable products in packaging?
A. The environment will be badly affected.
B. Natural resources are not exploited.
C. Businesses gain more profits.
D. Living standards increase.
3. When did Korea started restrictions on packaging products?
A. In 1994 B. In 2008
C. In the 19th century D. In the 21st century
4. The word ‘restrict’ in the second paragraph most closely means ?
A. ban B. dispose C. limit D. suggest
5. What does the word them in the second paragraph refer to?
A. regulations B. packaging materials
C. companies' products D. packaging methods
6. According to the text, what is the product of the advanced technology used in packaging?
A. various chemicals B. paper packaging
C. packaging products D. naturally-decomposing materials
7. What packaging products have recently been used in Korean businesses?
A. biodegradable bags B. paper cups
C. paper bags D. All of them
8. According to the text, what is the purpose of introducing detailed Guidelines on the Restrictions of Use
of Disposable Products?
A. to require systematic improvement in packaging
B. to implement special policy of packaging on holidays
C. to increase the excess use of packaging materials on holidays
D. to implement security policies on holidays
5. Complete the text with the words from the box. Then, decide if the statements are True (T) or
False (F).
homes protecting lifestyle attitudes environment
resources themselves reduce climate friendly
Representing a large part of the world's population, the youth are the back bone of a nation.
However, it has been argued that the youth are more interested in activities which are not useful to (1)
as well as their nation. Many of them choose to spend their days and nights playing games and
partying instead of improving themselves or helping their communities. In fact, the youth can play an
active role in (2) and improving the environment.
The (3) is simply defined as our surrounding, including both living and non-living things
around us. People have been much concerned about global warming and (4) change globally
while local and national environmental problems are less concerned. Therefore, the youth may start their
environmental protection by changing their (5) or daily activities to do less harm to their
surrounding. They can make their (6) , schools and communities more environmentally (7)
by adopting going-green practices. They are encouraged to (8) waste by not taking
extra plastic bags when shopping, to recycle different materials as well as to preserve (9) such
as water and electricity. Their engagment in environmental protection not only creates direct impacts on
changing the youth's behaviors and (10) toward the environment, but possibly influences their
parents, relatives and families' ones. The latter are likely to lead a greener living.
(Text adapted from https://ypard.net/2013-june-25/role-youth-cleaner-and-greener-environment)
11. A large proportion of world's population is the youth.
12. A lot of young people want to improve their neighborhood.
13. The youth can make an active contribution to reducing environment pollution.
14. Living and non-living creatures are included in the environment.
15. People tend to worry more about global environmental issues than local ones.
16. Changing everyday activities is one of the ways that youth can improve their environment.
17. Reducing and recycle waste are examples of environmental friendly practices.
18. The youth do not have to worry about their use of water and electricity.
19. The youth's relatives are likely to change their behaviors and attitudes towards the
environment if youth themselves change.
20. In the last sentence, the phrase ‘the latter’ refers to the youth's attitudes.
D. WRITING
1. Combine the following sentences, using coordinating conjunctions (and, or, for, but, so, either ... or,
neither ...nor) or subordinating conjunctions (when, while, because, although, if, so that).
1. Air quality in big cities is seriously polluted. A large amount of carbon dioxide is emitted from vehicles
and factories.

2. Every year in Australia, about 3.5 million tonnes of paper and cardboard are used. This means that a lot
of trees are cut down every year.

3. Vietnam's government has launched many campaigns in protecting the environment. Many Vietnamese
people destroy their living environment.

4. Big trees are extremely important to ecological system. They provide shelter for many animals.

5. People do not need to remove staples or plastic covers from paper documents. This is done in the
recycling process.

6. Leaving rubbish in public places can be dangerous for wildlife. If people do so, they should get a fine.

7. Children should be taught to put rubbish in the right place at school. They are more aware of protecting
the environment.

8. People need to use separate bins or bags for waste and recyclables in the kitchen. This makes recycling
easy.

9. People want to save the environment. They need to stop using so much energy.

10. The drinking water in this area has become contaminated with lead. The residents were not aware of
this problem until the council announced.

2. Write complete sentences using the words given.

1. people / cut down / trees / rainforests /destroy / natural habitat / animals /.

2. traffic / lead to/ air pollution / and / increase / global warming /.

3. people / walk / more often / far better / health / environment /.

4. if / we / save/ environment / need to / stop / use so much energy /.

5. urban green growth / still new / Viet Nam / many cities / face / difficulties / planning /.

6. there / no / common model / urban green growth / applicable / cities and towns / each locality / must /
develop / own strategies /.

7. wind power / one / fastest-growing / renewable energy / technologies / its costs / falling /.

8. solar energy / increasingly / popular / worldwide / generating electricity /.

9. environmental problems / rise / day by day / everyone / concerned / global warming /.

10. buying / reusable water bottles / may / expensive / beginning / but / they prove worthy / provide health
/ go green /.

3. Write an essay about Ecotourism

Ecotourism typically involves traveling to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are
the primary attractions. It focuses on socially responsible travel, personal growth, and environmental
sustainability.
Although ecotourism is becoming more popular in many countries, it can do both good and harm to
its location.
Write an essay of about 200 words discussing the advantages and disadvantages of ecotourism.
You may use the ideas that are listed in the table below and/ or your ideas.
 Advantages of ecotourism Disadvantages of ecotourism
- helping environmentalists and tourists to learn - threatening cultures and traditional practices of a
about the ecosystems, biology, and geology of a city/ country
specific location - relocating homes in order to make way for hotels
- providing sustainable economic growth for a city / or ecotourism expansions
country - indirectly affecting the (local) environment due to
- raising people's awareness of the environment travel to distant places
- encouraging tourists to apply their knowledge of - introducing people to relatively untouched
preserving environment to their daily lives. ecosystems
 ANSWER KEY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D
2 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 1. e 2. i 3. f 4. j 5. g 6. c 7. b 8. a 9. d 10. h
2 1. disposal of 2. soot particles 3. habitat 4. deplete
5. clutter 6. asthma 7. pathway 8. organic
9. combustion 10. mould and mildew
3 1. sustainability 2. purified 3. preservation 4. renewable 5. conservation
6. remains 7. pollutants 8. commuters 9. exploit 10. emission
4 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B
5 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. D
C. READING
1 l. C 2. B 3. A 4.D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B
2 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C
3 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. D
4 l. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. A
5 1. themselves 2. protecting 3. environment 4. climate 5. lifestyle
6. homes 7. friendly 8. reduce 9. resources 10. attitudes
11. T 12. F 13. T 14. T 15. F
16. T 17. T 18. F 19. T 20. F
D. WRTING
1
1. Air quality in big cities is seriously polluted because a large amount of carbondioxide is emitted from
vehicles and factories. //A large amount of carbondioxide is emitted from vehicles and factories, so air
quality in big cities is seriously polluted.
2. Every year in Australia, about 3.5 million tonnes of paper and cardboard are used, which means that a
lot of trees are cut down every year.
3. Although Vietnam's government has launched many campaigns in protecting the environment, many
Vietnamese people destroy their living environment. // Vietnam's government has launched many
campaigns in protecting the environment, but many Vietnamese people still destroy their living
environment.
4. Big trees are extremely important to ecological system as/because they provide shelter for many
animals.
5. People do not need to remove staples or plastic covers from paper documents, which is done in the
recycling process.
6. When/If people leave rubbish in public places can be dangerous for wildlife, they should get a fine. //
People they should get a fine when/if they leave rubbish in public places can be dangerous for wildlife.
7. If/When children should be taught to put rubbish in the right place at school, they are more aware of
protecting the environment.
8. People need to use separate bins or bags for waste and recyclables in the kitchen, which makes
recycling easy.
9. If people want to save the environment, they need to stop using so much energy.
10. The drinking water in this area has become contaminated with lead, of which the residents were not
aware until the council announced.// which the residents were not aware of until the council announced. 2
1. People have cut down a lot of trees in rainforests, which destroys the natural habitat of animals.
2. Traffic leads to air pollution and increases global warming.
3. People need to walk more often because it / walking is far better for health and environment
4. If we want to save our environment, we need to stop using so much energy.
5. Because urban green growth is still new in Viet Nam, many cities have faced difficulties in planning.
6. There has been no common model for urban green growth (which is) applicable to all cities and towns,
so/therefore, each locality must develop their own strategies.
7. Wind power is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy technologies because / as its costs are
falling.
8. Solar energy is increasingly popular worldwide for generating electricity.
9. Environmental problems are rising day by day, so everyone are concerned about global warming.
10. Buying reusable water bottles may be expensive at the beginning, but they prove worthy providing
health and going green.
3 Students' answer
 TEST YOURSELF UNITS 1 & 3
Circle the word (A, B, C, or D) that is stressed differently from the others.
Question 1.
A. rural B. urban C. crowded D. well-paid
Question 2.
A. congestion B. employment C. achievement D. medicine
Circle the word (A, B, C, or D) whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
Question 3.
A. piece B. peace C. pie D. please
Question 4.
A. slow B. flow C. know D. how
Choose the best response (A, B, C or D).
Question 5. „How's life there?‟ „ .‟
A. It's been caused by urbanisation, I suppose.
B. It's where my brother is living now.
C. It's not too bad, but I can't stand traffic congestion.
D. It might take a few months to know the way round.
Question 6. „Where was Conan Doyle born?‟ „ .‟
A. In Edinburgh, I think.
B. His mother got a good education.
C. His novel „The Lost World‟ was made into films.
D. At the age of 71.
Circle the answer (A, B, C, or D) which best indicates the word OPPOSITE in meaning to the word in
italics in each sentence.
Question 7. Stephen had been jobless for two years before he met Tom, his current boss.
A. happy B. rich C. employed D. famous
Question 8. For urbanisation to be effective, the governments must address the social and economic
problems that go with it.
A. relate to B. ignore C. criticise D. reduce
Circle the answer (A, B, C, or D) that best indicates the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each sentence.
Question 9. The man vanished without leaving any trace.
A. died B. arrived C. disappeared D. dreamt
Question 10. By now we all know that living in a damp and dirty condition is detrimental to our health.
A. fundamental B. harmful C. beneficial D. encouraging
Circle the answer (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence.
Question 11. What at 7 o'clock last night? I a cooking book by Christine Ha.
A. are you doing ... am reading B. were you doing ... read
C. were you doing ... was reading D. did you do ..... read
Question 12. England is a(n) country, which my father has been to at least five times.
A. English-spoken B. spoken English C. English-speaking D. speaking English
Question 13. Look at Sophie. She's wearing an skirt which she found in her grandmother's
drawer.
A. old-fashioning B. fashion-olded C. fashioned-old D. old-fashioned
Question 14. His sister her leg when she was riding her scooter to school.
A. broke B. breaks C. is breaking D. was breaking
Question 15. Yesterday afternoon I the wall when the man with a surprise package
from uncle Andrew.
A. am painting ... came B. have been painting ... is coming
C. paint ... comes D. was painting ... came
Question 16. -I can't remember who sang “That's All Right”
-It Presley's first single in 1954.
A. was B. is C. was being D. has been
Question 17. „Have you seen Daniel recently?‟
„No. If I have time, I him tomorrow.‟
A. would visit B. might visit C. visit D. am visiting
Question 18. I personally like Jin, I don't think she'd make a good leader.
A. Although B. As a result C. Having said that D. Now that
Question 19. Traffic congestion noise pollution are two pressing problems that need attention
in this vertical city.
A. but B. also C. and D. although
Question 20. Human activities that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere have the rate
of global warming.
A. improved B. turned C. accelerated D. made
Question 21. By walking or cycling using cars, we can save energy and reduce air pollution.
A. and B. instead of C. for D. but
Question 22. For some time after which happened near his house, Jack couldn't hear, and
neither could he see.
A. an explosion disastrous B. the disastrously explosion
C. the disastrous explosion D. disastrous explosion
Read the text and choose the answer (A, B, C, or D) that best completes each gap.
East Asia's total urban population increased from 579 million in 2000 to 778 million in 2010, more
than two times greater than second-largest Europe. According to the report, it (23) more than
50 years for the same number of people to become urbanized in Europe, indicating Asia's rapid growth.
The region's cities have also become more (24) populated, rising from 5,400 to 5,800
people per square kilometer as of 2010, led (25) Hong Kong's 32,000 people per square
kilometer. Overall, East Asia's population density grew to more than 1.5 times the average for the world's
urban areas (26) more than 50 times the average density in the United States.
Yet while East Asia's urban land area expanded from 106,400 to 134,800 square kilometers over the
same period, less than 1 percent of the region's total land area (27) urbanized.
(Text adapted from https://thediplomat.com/2015/01/asias-urbanization-just-beginning/)
Question 23.
A. took B. spent C. had D. made
Question 24.
A. closely B. densely C. crowdedly D. widely
Question 25.
A. with B. on C. to D. by
Question 26
A. and B. but C. yet D. either
Question 27.
A. survives B. keeps C. remains D. retains
Read the passage and choose the option (A, B, C, or D) that best answers each question.
Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author and journalist. He was born on July 21, 1899 in
Oak Park, Illinois, where he was raised. He died on July 2, 1961 in Ketchum, Idaho, where he committed
suicide.
Hemingway's economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th- century fiction,
while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most
of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He
published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three novels, four
collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously.
After finishing high school, Hemingway reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star, before
leaving for the Italian front to enlist with the World War I ambulance drivers where he was wounded in
1918 and returned home. Hemingway's experiences in wartime formed the basis for his novel A Farewell
to Arms. In 1922, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives. The couple moved to Paris,
where he worked as a foreign correspondent, and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and
artists of the 1920s "Lost Generation" expatriate community. The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway's first
novel, was published in 1926.
Hemingway married Pauline Pfeiffer after his 1927 divorce from Hadley Richardson. However this
marriage was also unsuccessful and the couple divorced after Hemingway returned from the Spanish
Civil War where he had been a journalist. Drawing from his experience in the Spanish Civil War,
Hemingway published For Whom the Bell Tolls. He married his third wife, Martha Gellhorn in 1940.
They separated when he met Mary Welsh in London during World War II.
Shortly after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea, one of his masterpieces, in 1952,
Hemingway went on safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in two successive plane crashes that left
him in pain or ill health for much of the rest of his life. Hemingway had permanent residences in Key
West, Florida, and Cuba during the 1930s and 1940s, but in 1959 he moved from Cuba to Ketchum,
Idaho, where he put an end to his life in the summer of 1961.
(Text retrieved from https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_phpjiles/reading-ernest-
hemingway-biography.php)
Question 28. How did Hemmingway die?
A. He was killed in a plane crash. B. He killed himself.
C. He died of ill health. D. He died in World War I.
Question 29. The word „posthumously‟ in paragraph 2 mostly closely means .
A. while living B. after death
C. famously when alive D. after being recognised
Question 30. How many times did Hemmingway marry?
A. one time B. two times C. three times D. four times
Question 31. Who was his second wife?
A. Hadley Richardson B. Mary Welsh
C. Martha Gellhorn D. Pauline Pfeiffer
Question 32. When did he win the Nobel Prize in Literature?
A. In 1940. B. In 1918 C. In 1954 D. In 1927
Question 33. Hemmingway became a reporter .
A. after he had finished university
B. after he had finished high school
C. after he had worked as an ambulance driver
D. after he left home
Question 34. What was his first novel?
A. A Farewell to Arms B. For Whom the Bell Tolls
C. The Old Man and the Sea D. The Sun Also Rises
Question 35. Where did he have his permanent residences?
A. In Oak Park, Illinois B. In Ketchum, Idaho
C. In London, England D. In Key West, Florida
Question 36. According to the text, what is NOT true about Earnest Hemmingway?
A. He was a journalist in the Spanish Civil War.
B. He was wounded in 1918 when he worked as an ambulance driver.
C. He published all his works while he was still alive.
D. He died in Ketchum, Idaho.
Question 37. How old was Hemmingway when he died?
A. 40 years old B. 62 years old C. 54 years old D. 59 years old
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that needs correction in each of the following questions.
Question 38. Although there are more trains running at the same time, commuting on a daily basis was
A B C
still an issue for those who travel to the city for work.
D
Question 39. On Sunday we decided to go to the beach by the train, but by the time we got to the station,
A B
the weather looked so threatening that we went to the cinema instead.
C D
Question 40. Ideally, transport should be safe, cheap, reliable, convenience, regular, and environmentally
A B C D
friendly.
Question 41. Hue city offers a wide range of attractions catering to all tastes, but those with only a day to
A B
spare cannot be better advise than to take one tour of the citadel and try local foods.
C D
Question 42. Yesterday my father is seeing an old work colleague he hadn't seen for 15 years. He was
A B C
very happy.
D
Read the passage and choose the option (A, B, C, or D) that best answers each question.
Vietnam is the 66th largest country in the world. With its large size also comes a very big
population, and this country has a population of over 94 million, making it the 15th most populous
country in the world. Despite its large total population, Vietnam only has two cities that have passed the
1,000,000 population mark. Ho Chi Minh City is the largest in the country with a population of over 3.4
million. The next largest city, Hanoi, has a population of over 1.4 million, which lags significantly behind
Ho Chi Minh City's figure. To round out the rest of the overall population, the country has 32 cities with
at least 100,000 residents, and an additional 51 cities with populations between 10,000 and 100,000.
This doesn't account for all of the country's population, however, as there are smaller towns and a
total rural population of 66% which constitutes a large portion. However, data from past years shows that
the rural population is declining, partly because of the expansion and growth of cities and more people
moving from more isolated areas to the urban areas for their industries, higher education institutes,
landmarks and attractions. In recent years, Vietnam's growth has slowed down significantly, so while the
major cities will continue to see growth in the near future, it's unlikely that these numbers will grow at the
rapid rates observed in the past.
(Text adapted from http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/vietnam-population/cities/)
Question 43. Vietnam ranks among the world's most populous countries.
A. 15th B. 66th C. 32th D. 51th
Question 44. What is the population of Hanoi?
A. 3.4 million people B. 1.4 million people
C. 100,000 people D. 10,000 people
Question 45. According to the text, what is not true about the population in Vietnam?
A. Two-thirds of its population live in rural areas.
B. That more people move away from rural regions makes the rural population fall.
C. There are 51 cities in Vietnam with populations between 10,000 and 100,000.
D. Its population growth will be much higher than in the past.
Circle the sentence (A, B, C or D) that is closest in meaning to the one provided.
Question 46. Alicia refused to take that job so that she had more time on her studies.
A. Alicia didn't have enough time for her studies, so she refused to take that job.
B. Although Alicia didn't have enough time for her studies, she accepted that job.
C. If Alicia had refused to take that job, she would have more time for her studies.
D. Alicia didn't want more time for her studies, so she took that job.
Question 47.I understood her problem, but I don't know what I can do to help.
A. Although understood her problem, I don't know what I can do to help.
B. Since her problem understood, I don't know what I can do to help.
C. While her problem understood, I don't know what I can do to help.
D. While understanding her problem, I don't know what I can do to help.
Choose the sentence (A, B, C, or D) that best combines the two sentences given.
Question 48. My mother doesn't like cartoons. My brother doesn't like them, either.
A. My mother doesn't like cartoons and so does my brother.
B. Both my mother doesn't like cartoons, which my brother also likes.
C. Cartoons are my mother's favourite, but they aren't my brother's.
D. My mother doesn't like cartoons and neither does my brother.
Question 49.I read the report through twice. I can't make out what he's trying to say.
A. I read the report through twice but I can't make out what he's trying to say.
B. I read the report through twice and I can't make out what he's trying to say.
C. I read the report through twice though I can't make out what he's trying to say.
D. I read the report through twice nonetheless I can't make out what he's trying to say.
Question 50. He gets older. He seems to become more sensible.
A. As he gets older, he seems to become more sensible.
B. Although he gets older, he seems to become more sensible.
C. The older he becomes, the more sensible he seems.
D. A&C.
ANSWER KEY

1. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B
11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. D
31. D 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C 36. C 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. B
41. C 42. A 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. A 50. D
 Unit 4 THE MASS MEDIA
A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Circle the word (A, B, C, or D) that is stressed differently from the others.
1. A. suffer B. record (v) C. believe D. connect
2. A. attitude B. dominance C. addiction D. medium
3. A. access B. desire C. model D. service
4. A. impact B. advent C. profile D. event
5. A. informative B. adventurous C. accessible D. entertaining
6. A. listen B. suffer C. reply D. carry
7. A. recover B. advertise C. socialize D. dominate
8. A. efficient B. unable C. enormous D. valuable
9. A. leaflet B. broadcast (n) C. device D. network
10. A. convenient B. particular C. interactive D. experienced
2. Circle the word (A, B, C, or D) that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the
others.
1. A. courage B. massage C. advantage D. message
2. A. suffer B. structure C. number D. attitude
3. A. searched B. launched C. bathed D. blocked
4. A. connection B. career C. cyber D. contact
5. A. refused B. coughed C. missed D. crashed
6. A. hundred B. leaflet C. tablet D. reply
7. A. founded B. escaped C. contributed D. interacted
8. A. conduct B. recover C. socialize D. subscribe
9. A. unique B. updated C. unconnected D. upper
10. A. exploited B. replaced C. presented D. exploded
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. Match each word to its correct definition
1. mass media a. the use of websites and other applications to communicate with other
people and make friends

2. microblogging b. a type of real-time online interaction

3. print c. a location connected to the internet where information about a particular

subject is published and read

4. social networking d. a piece of folded paper providing information about or advertises

something
e. a global positioning system that can show the exact position of a person or
5. cyber bullying
thing by using signals from satellites
f. the time when an event happened or an invention is made
6. instant messaging
7. website g. the activity of writing short messages on mobile phone for anyone to read
8. leaflet h. newspapers or books are produced on a paper by using ink
9. GPS i. common means of communication such as newspapers, television, radio,
and the internet

10. advent j. the use of electronic communication to hurt or threaten a person

2. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words given.
mass media microblogging print advent
social networking cyber bullying instant messaging
website GPS (Global Position System) leaflet
1. Facebook, Instagram and Zalo are among the most popular tools in Vietnam.
2. A lot of educational programs have been developed to raise awareness about , which includes
such harmful behaviors as posting threats or a victim's personal information.
3. has evolved drastically over time: from simple newspapers, radio and television programs,
and now to a range of channels on the Internet.
4. Thanks to the development of across the globe, locating themselves is now much easier for
drivers.
5. Handing out advertising in public spaces is an effective means to promote for any program.
6. Educational and entertaining activities have been much changed by the of the Internet.
7. If you cannot continue writing long frequent blog posts, you should consider on sites like
Twitter or Tumblr.
8. of original art works have gained popularity in the world for their affordable price.
9. Out of the Internet browsers, Google has become the most favorite to the internet users.
10. Traditional text messages have been replaced by features via wifi, such as iMessage on
Apple's devices.
3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the brackets.
1. Many shops in Vietnam are now using Facebook to advertise for their products, because of its
and convenience. (EFFICIENT)
2. There is a strong causal between youth exposure to violence in the media and violent or
aggressive behavior and thoughts. (CONNECT)
3. A large number of teenagers are to online games. They spend many hours sitting with a
computer or smartphone. (ADDICT)
4. Before introducing a website, it is important for teachers to determine whether or not the site leads to
any on the students' engagement and achievement
(IMPACT)
5. Online newspapers gain a lot of profits from the of different companies. (ADVERTISE)
6. Before a radio show, the radio host has to review it multiple times for any possible errors.
(BROADCAST)
7. It is better to develop a(n) museum where children can actively manipulate the exhibits.
(INTERACT)
8. Thanks to free audio or video social media communication expenses have reduced a great
deal. (APPLY)
9. Many websites require their users' as a member before downloading documents for free.
(SUBSCRIBE)
10. Facebook the free time of many people, especially students, which also exerts negative
effects on their physical development. (DOMINATE)
4. Complete the text with the correct form of the words given in the box.
billboard mass communication print information
broadcast website advert media
The mass media is a diverse collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via a
variety of channels. (1) media transmit information electronically, via such media as film,
radio, recorded music, or television. Digital media comprises both Internet and mobile (2)
Internet media comprise such services as email, social media sites, (3) , and Internet-based radio
and television. Many other mass media channels have an additional presence on the web by linking to or
running TV (4) online or directing mobile users to a website. In this way, they can utilize the
easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords so as to easily broadcast (5)
throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor (6)
transmit information via different means such as (7) , banners and signs placed inside and
outside buses, commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, or trains. (8) media transmit
information via physical objects, such as books, comics, magazines, or newspapers.
(Text adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media)
5. Complete each sentence with the correct answer by circling A, B, C, or D.
1. Jack had been searching an online English course before his friend recommended him to
choose the one at ILA center.
A. with B. by C. for D. in
2. Year 12 students should be provided enough information about their final exam as early as
possible.
A. with B. for C. out D. about
3. More people are now relying their smartphones for daily news, instead of traditional
newspapers.
A. to B. by C. with D. on
4. Anna has received many emails from her ex-boyfriend last week, but she doesn't want to respond
him.
A. for B. to C. with D. by
5. A large number of children suffer obesity because they tend to sit for many hours with a
laptop or computer every day.
A. about B. with C. by D. from
6. If you get a chance to visit Times Square in New York City, USA, you will be amazed
hundreds of billboards of big brand names.
A. for B. about C. with D. by
7. YouTube attracts a large number of viewers for its channels of various topics, which range
daily lifestyles to technology advancements.
A. from B. of C. with D. at
8. Mark Zuckerberg has apologized Facebook users its data privacy scandal in different media.
A. for B. about C. to D. of
9. Students cannot concentrate their studying if they spend too much time one social media.
A. for B. on C. in D. at
10. Google Inc. is an American multinational technology company that specializes Internet-
related services and products.
A. about B. at C. in D. at
11. It is almost impossible for many teenagers to completely recover the shock of cyber
bullying.
A. from B. out of C. due to D. by
12. Internet in Vietnam officially commenced in 1997, when Vietnam connected the global
Internet.
A. with B. by C. to D. by
13. Data Recovery Software prevents computer losing files and folders that have been damaged
or deleted due to virus attacks.
A. from B. for C. against D. out
14. Vietnam's Parliament has approved the regulations for online community security.
A. for B. about C. to D. of
15. Basing the Internet, different types of businesses, such as an Amazon seller, a Youtuber or
Facebook advertising accountant have started in recent years.
A. at B. in C. on D. from
6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.
1. Before the email (invent), it (take) more than two weeks to send a letter from
Vietnam to America.
2. Resources for learning English as foreign language (be) limited before the Internet
(start).
3. When I (be) seven, I (spend) most of my time playing outside, instead of sticking
my eyes on computers or phones like kids nowadays.
4. Since the television series “Grey's Anatomy” (show), many teenagers (inspire) to
become doctors.
5. Real-life relationships among friends or colleagues (be) much stronger before social
networking sites (introduce).
6. It was lucky that I (upload) all the files from my computer to Dropbox before it
(corrupt) last week.
7. John (send) his job applications to many software companies in the US before Microsoft
(recruit) him as a software programmer.
8. After The Incredibles (succeed) as an American 3D computer- animated superhero film, The
Incredibles 2 (release) in June 2018.
9. Before the TV show on Hue specialities (film), its director (talk) to
many professional chefs and Hue researchers.
10. Television (be) the only mass medium for transmitting moving images before the global
Internet (invent) in the early 1990.
7. Circle one word or phrase (A, B, or C) that is not appropriate.
1. These days, there is no excuse for not knowing what is going in the world.
A B C
2. On TV and on the radio, news programs keep us up to dated with all the important events.
A B C
3. Online newspapers provide us about problems on the other side of the world on the Internet as soon as
A B C
they happen.
4. We find for live pictures on the news 24 hours a day and even personal news travels fast today.
A B C
5. The days when we used to rely to only letters to communicate are gone forever.
A B C
6. We're never more than a few seconds away from friends and family, whether we stay connection with
A B C
them by phone or email.
7. Just remember how things have changed since humans were introduced with the Internet.
A B C
(Text adapted from Destination B1, Grammar and Vocabulary)
C. READING
1. Complete the text with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D.
There are some negative and positive links between media content that teenagers are exposed (1)
and their behaviour. These days, media exerts a marked (2) on teenagers' body
image. The ideal image of „thin‟ or „muscly‟ body on TV (3) is likely to change their dieting
behaviour. A teenage girl may (4) eating meat to be as beautifully thin as her idol. Media can
also influence other (5) or risky behaviour, including smoking, drinking alcohol and taking
other drugs. (6) , media can be a positive influence for teenagers. For example, teenagers who
read a lot of news are more likely to take more (7) in major social and political issues. This can
help educate and encourage them to become more (8) as citizens in their communities.
Teenagers can also pick up important health promotion (9) from the media such as encouraging
healthy eating and lifestyle (10) , and promoting respectful relationships.
(Text adapted from http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/mediajnfluences_teenagers.html)
1. A. with B. from C. to D. about
2. A. influence B. affect C. dependence D. difference
3. A. shows B. broadcasts C. programs D. all of the above
4. A. stop B. start C. continue D. prevent
5. A. healthy B. endangered C. unhealthy D. desirable
6. A. As a result B. Furthermore C. On the one hand D. On the other hand
7. A. risk B. interest C. advantage D. efficiency
8. A. involved B. invited C. interactive D. successful
9. A. advent B. advert C. resources D. messages
10. A. addiction B. information C. habits D. news
2. Complete the text with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D.
Online social network sites such as Twitter, Facebook or Instagram have gained amazing worldwide
growth and popularity. It is impossible (1) ignore the fact that nowadays social network plays
an essential (2) in teenagers' lives. Most youths are (3) at least an hour on these
popular social media sites. According to Shea Bennett, a reporter of Adweek website, one out of seven
minutes spent (4) by those who can access the internet is spent on Facebook. Spending all that
time on social media sites may have a positive (5) on youth by helping them to keep updated
with what is happening around the world, to (6) connected and interact with each other even if
they are many miles apart. (7) strengthens their relationship even if they finish school and
move to different locations. In addition, social media sites can (8) teenagers with a platform
whereby they can create discussion groups and pages based (9) their common interests. They
may end up building (10) and opportunities for their future careers.
(Text adapted from http://www.speechprosody2012.org/academic-
essay-sample-social-network-impact-on-youth.asp)
1. A. to B. for C. by D. from
2. A. place B. effect C. role D. site
3. A. enjoying B. spending C. supplying D. reporting
4. A. internet B. online C. website D. pages
5. A. result B. consequence C. advantage D. impact
6. A. stay B. go C. search D. take
7. A. Which B. These C. This D. What
8. A. protect B. respond C. suffer D. provide
9. A. on B. with C. in D. for
10. A. applications B. connections C. preferences D. updates
3. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph. Write either A, B, C, or
D in the space.
1. Signs of Cyberbullying
2. Effects of Cyberbullying
3. Parental support to avoid bullying
4. Definition of Cyberbullying
5. Bullying statistics
A. Cyberbullying is the use of technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person.
Cyberbullying can be easy to spot. For example, if a child shows you a text, or response to a status update
on Facebook that is mean, harsh, or cruel. Other acts are less obvious, like pretending to be a victim
online or posting personal information, photos, or videos designed to hurt or embarrass another person.
Some also report that a fake account or webpage has been created with the only intention to harass and
bully.
B. Because many kids are reluctant to report being bullied, even to their parents, it's impossible to know
just how many are affected. But recent studies about cyberbullying rates have found that about 1 in 4
teens have been the victims of cyberbullying, and about 1 in 6 admit to having cyberbullied someone. In
some studies, more than half of the teens surveyed said that they've experienced abuse through social and
digital media.
C. No longer limited to schoolyards or street corners, modern-day bullying can happen at home as well as
at school - essentially 24 hours a day. As long as kids have access to a phone, computer, or other device
(including tablets), they are at risk. Severe, long-term, or frequent cyberbullying can leave both victims
and bullies at greater risk for anxiety, depression, and other stress-related disorders. In some rare but
highly publicized cases, some kids have turned to suicide.
D. Cyberbullying can be in various forms. They may include being emotionally upset during or after
using the Internet or the phone; withdrawal from family members, friends, and activities; avoiding school
or group gatherings; changes in mood, behavior, sleep, or appetite; wanting to stop using the computer or
cellphone or avoiding discussions about computer or cellphone activities.
E. Parents need to be aware of cyberbullying and learn more about how to deal with it. This modern type
of bullying has become part of their child's life. Staying involved in kids' cyber world, just as in their real
world, can help parents protect them from its dangers.
(Text adapted from https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cyberbullying.html)
Read the text again and answer the following questions by circling A, B, or C.
6. What is involved in cyberbullying?
A. updating a status on Facebook
B. using technology
C. being embarrassed
7. Which of the following cyberbullying acts is easily recognized?
A. replying cruelly to an online post.
B. using a fake Facebook account to hurt others.
C. acting as a victim to hurt others.
8. Why is it hard to know the exact number of kids being bullied?
A. Because too many kids are the victims
B. Because kids are not willing to share their experience
C. Because the cyberbullying rates are low
9. What is the approximate rate of kids being bullied according to recent studies?
A. a half B. a fourth C. a sixth
10. What is the rate of kids being abused on social media according to some studies?
A. more than 25% B. more than 50% C. more than 60%
11. Where can bullying take place?
A. at home B. at school C. both at home and at school
12. What kids are more likely to be bullied?
A. The kids are playing at school yards
B. The kids are using a phone or computer
C. The kids staying at home for many hours
13. What possible mental problems are caused by bullying?
A. anxiety and depression
B. stress
C. both A and B are correct
14. Which of the following is a sign of being bullied?
A. being emotionally refreshed after being on the Internet
B. continuing using the computer or cellphone
C. avoiding communicating with relatives or friends
15. Who are able to help the kids to avoid cyberbullying?
A. only the kids themselves
B. their parents
C. no one
4. Read the text and put in these phrases/ sentences (A-F) where appropriate. Write the letter (A-F)
in each space.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
A. Online learning programs are more affordable
B. These variations in speed can affect students' motivation and result if the teacher does not take a
leading role to help them.
C. Rather than having to be in the same room with the teacher
D. or his or her learning patterns than they would in their classes
E. No more expenses are required for trips to and from college, childcare or even convenience meals.
F. to strike a balance between family, work and education
Technology has had a profound effect on almost all aspects of our lives, and education is not
different. Over the last few years, online courses have expanded speedily thanks to its many benefits for
both the students and teachers.
One of the benefits of learning online most students and teachers acknowledge is its convenience and
flexibility. (1) , learning can be done at home and if the student possesses a portable device like
a tablet or a laptop, then learning can take place almost anywhere. Online learning holds appeal for those
trying (2) . Online learning offers students a flexible choice in studying whenever it fits their
schedule.
Another benefit of online learning is cost. (3) than their traditional counterparts. Learning
takes place in the comfort of your home without the financial hardships associated with attending college
every day. (4) . A computer and internet access is a pretty small price to pay compared with
those expenses.
Students' concentration levels vary widely, which means some students are fast learners while
others are not. (5) . With online learning, students learn at their own speed, within the learning
schedule set by their educator. Some online learning platforms such as ezTalks come with playback
feature, thus allowing slow learners to continue learning even when the class is over.
Online learning gives students more chance to interact with their teachers compared to learning in
the classroom. This offers shy or introvert students a chance to participate in discussions with ease than in
class sessions. Online learning is also beneficial to teachers as it allows them to know more about each
student (6) .
 All in all, online learning offers the promise of providing optimal courses to fit every student's
needs and abilities. While this form of education is beneficial to students and instructors, it may also have
a few pitfalls, that course designers and takers need to consider.
(Text adapted from https://www.eztalks.com/elearning/benefits-of-
online-learning-for-students-and-teachers.html)
Now, read the completed text again and decide whether the following statements are true, false or
has no information. Write T (True), F (False) or NI (No information) in the space.
7. The way technology influences education is different from how it affects other
aspects of our lives.
8. Online learning is convenient because it can occur at any place provided students
have access to a computer.
9. Online learning is not suitable for those who work part time or take care of their
family.
10. Online learning is cheaper because it can take place at home.
11. The cost of commuting from home to school is as expensive as child care.
12. Students with faster learning speed are more motivated to have online learning.
13. EzTalks is a platform for online learning in which students can manage their
learning at their own pace.
14. The word “This” in Paragraph 5 refers to learning in the classroom.
15. Teachers of online courses are able to identify whether one student has better
learning styles than the others.
16. The word “pitfalls” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by the word “drawbacks”.
5. Read the text and answer the following questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Technological Change
The increasing use of the Internet search function, primarily through the largest search engine of
Google, has changed the habits of readers.
Critics of newspapers as a medium also argue that while today's newspapers may appear visually
different from their copies a century ago, in many respects they have changed little, but have failed to
keep pace with changes in society. The technology revolution has meant that readers who were
accustomed to waiting for a daily newspaper can now receive up-to-the-minute updates from websites,
bloggers and social media such as Facebook or Twitter. Social media sites have been overtaking
television as a source for news for young people.
Where once the ability to circulate information was restricted to those with printing news or
broadcast television and radios, the Internet has enabled thousands of individual commentators to
communicate directly with others through blogs or instant message services. Instead of searching for the
publication of their interest in newspapers, readers are more likely to seek particular writers or personal
blogs online. When they go online, each of them is their own journalist as well as their own editor.
The gloomy outlook of newspapers is not universal. In some countries, such as India, the newspaper
remains more popular than Internet and broadcast media. Even where the problems are felt most keenly,
in North America and Europe, there have been recent success stories, such as the dramatic rise of free
daily newspapers, such as Sweden's Metro International, local weekly shoppers, and so-called local news.
 Overall, average operating profits for newspapers remain very low and is falling rapidly. Some
newspaper companies are likely in debt because they have been unable to find buyers and concerned with
increasing competition.
(Text adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_newspapers)
1. According to the text, what leads to some changes in the readers' habits?
A. the introduction of the Internet B. a variety of engines
C. increased use of search engines D. the largest function of Google
2. According to the text, in what way are today's newspapers different from the past copies?
A. their information B. their presentation
C. their readers D. their price
3. What does the word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. critics B. centuries C. respects D. newspapers
4. What is the possible failure of today's newspapers?
A. updating social changes B. increasing copies
C. changing appearances D. making no changes
5. With the development of technology, how long can news be updated?
A. every day B. every hour C. every minute D. every second
6. Which of the following is the most common source of information for the youth?
A. online newspapers B. blogs
C. websites D. social media
7. Which of the following words best replaces the word “circulate” in paragraph 3?
A. circle B. publish C. limit D. search
8. Which of the following phrasal verbs best replaces the word “seek” in paragraph 3?
A. search for B. look out C. cope with D. take over
9. How popular are newspapers in India?
A. less popular than TV broadcasts B. more common than online newspapers
C. very gloomy D. rising dramatically
10. What is the future profits of newspapers companies?
A. staying unchanged B. reducing dramatically
C. changing from low to high D. increasing a great deal
D. WRITING
1. Combine the following sentences, using the word(s) given in the brackets.
1. Some teenagers rely much on social networking. They tend to forget their real-life relationships, (so ...
that)

2. Facebook, Twitter, Skype or Instagram are interactive sites. They attract a large number of young
people. (which)
3. I bought my first smartphone in 2012. My friend had used his phone for more than ten years. (when)

4. Many shops in Vietnam have used Facebook as a platform for their marketing strategies. This allows
for more efficient customer service. (which)

5. A friend of mine recommended me to visit YouTube for videos individuals post to share their personal
experience. I struggled searching for such videos. (before)

2. Write complete sentences using the words given.

1. the youth / find / difficult / concentrate / work / if / spend / many hours / jumping / one site / another.

2. social networking sites / help / teenagers / search / favorite entertainment / keep themselves / connected
/ one another.

3. my daughter / not watch / a lot of / TV programs / before / we / switch / My TV / VNPT company.

4. since / the Internet / introduce / late 80s / sources / information / change / greatly.

5. many people / addicted / social media / although / not / known / how / create / account / before.

6. the advent / Internet / bring / news / entertainment / people / more easily.

7. before / Spotify / introduce / iTunes / Google Play Music / be / most popular / music softwares.

8. parents / can / restrict / how much / media / kids / use / limit / television hours / internet access.

3. Write a description of the information given in the chart below

 The chart below shows the result of a survey of 1000 high school students in Vietnam on what
programs they watch online. In the survey, each could choose more than one program that they usually
viewed when being on the Internet.

Useful expressions
Introduction
- The pie chart shows/ illustrates/ displays...
Body
- a majority of ………..
- more than/ less than (half) ..........
- one or a third/ one or fourth ……….
- approximately/ around/ just over/ just under
- 30% of ……….
Conclusion
- Overall, it is clear that ………
- To conclude, ……….
- In conclusion, ……….
 ANSWER KEY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C
2 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 1. i 2. g 3. h 4. a 5. j 6. b 7. c 8. d 9. e 10. f
2 1. social networking 2. Cyber bullying 3. Mass media 4. GPS
5. leaflets 6. advent 7. microblogging 8. prints
9. websites 10. instant messaging
3 1. efficiency 2. connection 3. addicted 4. impact
5. adverts 6. broadcasting 7. interactive 8. application(s)
9. subscription 10. dominates
4 1. Broadcast 2. mass communication 3. websites 4. adverts
5. information 6. media 7. billboards 8. Print
5 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. C
6 1. was invented - had taken 2. had been - started
3. was - spent 4. was showed / shown - have been inspired
5. had been - were introduced 6. had uploaded - was corrupted
7. had sent - recruited 8. had succeeded - was released
9. was filmed - had talked 10. had been - was invented
7 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. C
C. READING
1 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C
2 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B
3 1. D 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B
11. C 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. B
4 1. C 2. F 3. A 4. E 5. B 6. D
7. F 8. T 9. F 10. T 11. NI 12. NI 13. T 14. F 15. F 16. T
5 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. B
D. WRITING
1
1. Some teenagers rely so much on social networking that they tend to forget their real-life relationships.
2. Facebook, Twitter, Skype or Instagram are interactive sites which attract a large number of young
people.
3. When I bought my first smartphone in 2012, my friend had used his for more than ten years.
4. Many shops in Vietnam have used Facebook as a platform for their marketing strategies, which allows
for more efficient customer service.
5. Before a friend of mine recommended me to visit YouTube for videos individuals post to share their
personal experience, I had struggled searching for such videos.
2
1. The youth find it difficult to concentrate on their work if they spend many hours on jumping from one
site to another.
2. Social networking sites help teenagers (to) search for their favorite entertainment and to keep
themselves connected to one another.
3. My daughter had not watched a lot of TV programs before we switched to MyTV with the VNPT
company.
4. Since the Internet was introduced in the late 80s, sources of information have changed greatly.
5. Many people become addicted to social media although they had not known how to create an account
before.
6. The advent of the Internet has brought news and entertainment to people more easily.
7. Before Spotify was introduced, iTunes and Google Play Music had been the most popular music
softwares.
8. Parents can restrict how much media their kids use by limiting their television hours or internet
access.
3 Students' answer
 Unit 5 CULTURAL IDENTITY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the other three by circling A, B, C, or D.
1. A. culture B. costume C. worship D. belief
2. A. solidarity B. identifier C. assimilate D. diversity
3. A. promote B. acquire C. practice D. maintain
4. A. custom B. ethnic C. native D. attire
5. A. flexibility B. represent C. community D. generation
6. A. heritage B. organic C. occasion D. society
7. A. bravery B. essential C. dedicate D. immigrant
8. A. dedication B. anonymous C. perseverance D. generosity
9. A. replenish B. achievement C. climatic D. flexible
10. A. integrate B. ethnicity C. globalise D. ceremony
2. Practice saying the following sentences with a partner. Pay attention to the connected speech.
1. You're limited to five items.
2. Press the red help button to ask for assistance.
3. Anti que glass shatters easily.
4. What date do you want the report submitted by?
5. Plant tulip bulbs in the fall before the ground freezes.
6. We studied ancient cultures for the first semester.
7. There are fresh chocolate chip cookies on the counter!
8. I don't see the problem.
9. He's quite different from his brother.
10. Do you want some tea?
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. Complete each sentence with the most suitable word by circling A, B, C or D.
1. The meeting of the leaders of the parties is now the of the news report.
A. improvement B. decrease C. focus D. guilt
2. Dogs may be more than people may think.
A. intellect B. intelligible C. intelligent D. intelligence
3. What is the minimum entrance for this course?
A. effort B. requirement C. type D. version
4. Many feel the need to preserve their culture when they move to a new place.
A. wanderers B. migrants C. travelers D. drifters
5. If you study hard now, you can choose your in the future. If you don't, it will choose you.
A. career B. careen C. careless D. cereal
6. Please the radio. I am preparing for my English test.
A. get up B. move on C. take on D. turn off
7. This species will definitely be extinct in the near future because its has been completely
destroyed.
A. habitat B. creature C. planet D. forest
8. I'm ready to take on the , although it may be a tough one.
A. challenge B. decrease C. connection D. stain
9. The smell of that traditional food a fond memory of my childhood in my hometown.
A. forgot B. prevented C. yelled D. triggered
10. This car well, even on the wet road.
A. decreases B. informs C. handles D. connects
2. Complete the sentences. Use the verbs in the box in the present perfect form.
order - ride - meet - love - go - hear - have - travel - phone - be
1. Michael (just) out. He'll come back in half an hour.
2. We (not) yet. I'd like a coffee, please.
3. Huong ill recently. She’s better now.
4. (you/ ever) an elephant in Dak Lak?
5. He (never) abroad.
6. Linda (not) me yet. She must be very busy.
7. My cousin a baby this week. She's very happy.
8. (Daniel/ ever) a famous person?
9. (you) from them this month?
10. I (always) the Vietnamese customs and traditions.
3. Fill in the gaps with since or for.
1. He's been travelling around the world last spring.
2. Mrs. Phung has had a maid the beginning of the year.
3. Tony and Phuong have been decorating their new house they bought it.
4. My girlfriend has been giving tennis lessons a few weeks.
5. Miss Brown hasn't been to the supermarket last week.
6. I haven't seen him six months.
7. We've been playing golf 2001.
8. His wife has worked here three years.
9. They've been away March 16th.
10. Mr. Vu has been using his computer eight o'clock.
4. Answer the following questions. Use short answers.
1. Did you understand?
No,
2. Has Susan made up her mind yet?
Yes,
3. Do Mark and Ann know him?
No,
4. Have you ever been to Australia?
No,
5. Is Mrs Taylor going away for Christmas?
Yes,
6. Has Mr Clooney left yet?
No,
7. Have you just arrived?
Yes,
8. Did your children go to school yesterday?
Yes,
9. Are your friends watching TV?
No,
10. Have Mr and Mrs Bennet paid the bill yet?
Yes,
5. Complete the sentences with present perfect or present perfect continuous.
1. What's the matter with you, little Mary? I can see you (cry).
2. Nick (be) in bed all week. He's got a flu.
3. Mrs. Ha (sell) beef noodles for thirty years.
4. How long (he/know) his girlfriend?
5. She (design) clothes for many years.
6. We (read) all afternoon. Let's go for a walk. Shall we?
7. Margaret and Matthew (already/wash) the dishes.
8. He must be hungry. He (not/eat) for ten hours.
9. I (paint) since I was a schoolboy.
10. The world today (become) a global village.
6. Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fit each gap by circling A, B, C or D.
In the autumn of the year 1620, a group of more than 100 immigrants left England (1) a
long sea voyage to North America. They were unhappy with their lives in Europe (2) a better
life in the New World. They called themselves "Pilgrims." After a voyage of 65 days, they landed on the
shore of (3) is today known as the state (4) Massachusetts. It was difficult to survive
the first winter there because the immigrants had (5) food or clothing, and the weather was
quite cold. But the Indians who lived in the area gave them valuable assistance. (6) their help,
the Pilgrims were able to grow enough food the following spring and summer (7) for all their
needs. To give thanks for their good fortune, the Pilgrims invited their Indian (8) to a big
festival (9) lasted three days. There was a lot of food on the table, (10) everyone
celebrated with singing and dancing. This was the first American Thanksgiving.
(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/Kel 94u)
1. A. by B. on C. for D. from
2. A. who was seeking B. which was seeking
C. and were seeking D. that was sought
3. A. it B. which C. where D. what
4. A. of B. in C. at D. around
5. A. a little B. scarcely C. little D. rarely
6. A. But that B. But for C. Far from D. With
7. A. to provide B. provided C. to providing D. provide
8. A. enemies B. neighbors C. prisoners D. captives
9. A. it B. what C. that D. had
10. A. though B. unless C. and D. because
7. Complete the following sentences using repeated comparatives of the word in the brackets. Note
that (+) denotes an increase while (-) denotes a decrease.
1. He gets (+ boring)
2. This book is getting (- interesting)
3. My English results are getting (+ bad)
4. Sally arrives (+ late) at work.
5. The weather is getting (+ beautiful)
6. Your room is getting (+ messy)
7. Milk is getting (+ expensive)
8. I saw him yesterday. He feels (+ good)
9. Computers are getting (- expensive)
10. There are (+ tourists) from Asia in Australia.
11. We have (- time) to relax and do nothing
12. There are (- immigrants) from Europe
13. In Vietnam, (- people) learn French at school.
14. It is getting (+ hard) to find a job nowadays.
15. There are (- koalas) in Australia
16. It is getting (+ difficult) to apply an American citizenship.
17. Vietnamese food is becoming (+ popular) around the world
18. (+ Vietnamese) worry about preserving their cultural
heritage.
19. People live (+ far)
from the capital city.
20. The beaches in Vietnam are getting (+ clean)
C. READING
1. Read the following text and fill in the gaps by circling A, B, C or D.
Carnival, the annual celebration starting in late February, is known 1 the most famous
Brazilian festival. 2 back the origin of carnival, people found that it may be originated from a
religious celebration in ancient Rome. The Romans 3 the month of February a period of 4 ,
during which they had to chase away the bad spirits of winter. Today, 5 the modern carnival keeps
its ceremonially religious purpose, people regard it more as a fun-filled festivity. A great number of locals
6 tourists are mad 7 the contagiously thrilling revels such as traditional dances, samba parade,
and musical street party. Without carnival, Brazil 8 a less fascinating country for these people.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/ywvVfA)
1. A. for B. as C. that D. with
2. A. Chasing B. Looking C. Tracing D. Viewing
3. A. considered B. looked C. regarded D. seemed
4. A. clean B. cleaning C. cleanse D. cleansing
5. A. regardless of B. because C. even though D. even
6. A. besides B. also C. as well as D. in addition
7. A. about B. at C. to D. with
8. A. would be B. would have been C. would not be D. will be
2. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
In early times, every society developed its own myths, which played an important part in the
society's religious life. This religious significance has always separated myths from similar stories, such
as folktales and legends. The people of a society may tell folktales and legends for amusement without
believing them. But they may consider their myths sacred and completely true.
Most myths concern divine beings. These divinities have supernatural powers- powers far greater
than any human being has. But in spite of their supernatural powers, many gods, goddesses, and heroes of
mythology have human characteristics. They are guided by such emotions as love and jealousy, and they
experience birth and death. In many cases, the human qualities of the divinities reflect a society's ideals.
Good gods and goddesses have the qualities a society admires, and evil ones have the qualities it dislikes.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/ZvmxeN)
1. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Legends C. Folktales
B. Myths D. Gods and Goddesses
2. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Gods and goddesses in myths are unlikely to die.
B. Mythic heroes can be humans with supernatural powers.
C. Gods and goddesses in myths are all jealous.
D. An evil god often possesses qualities that a society desires.
3. Which of the following characteristics best helps distinguish myths from folktales or legends?
A. religious qualities B. human qualities
C. moral qualities D. mythological qualities
3. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
On December 26, 2003, the worst earthquake in more than a decade devastated Bam, a historic city
in Iran. At least 25,000 people died in the quake-nearly a third of the city's population. And thousands
more were left homeless, hungry, and grieving.
Bam was a city of mud-brick houses, old monuments and an ancient castle. But nearly everything
crumbled in the disaster. One reason the earthquake caused such damage was that Barn's buildings were
made mostly from baked mud. These buildings collapsed in heaps of dust and sand.
Bam was best known for its 2,000-year-old castle built out of mud, straw, and the trunks of palm
trees. The castle was so big that it was once the city of Bam itself. Public dwellings lined its ground level;
a marketplace and two mosques also fit comfortably inside.
Bam once blossomed as a trading post on the Silk Road. In the 16th and 17th centuries, treasures
from the Far East were carried along the road into the capital cities of Europe. Fifty years ago, teams of
architects began restoring the historic treasures of the city. Ever since, thousands of visitors have come to
admire them.
 In the face of this tragedy, food and other supplies from around the world landed in the provincial
capital of Kerman on Sunday. With such support, spiritual leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei vowed, “We
will rebuild Bam stronger than before.”
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/VU5erV)
1. This passage is most likely taken from a(n) .
A. newspaper B. history textbook
C. book review D. magazine on international trade
2. What was Bam most famous for?
A. beautiful palm trees B. frequent earthquakes
C. an old mud and straw castle D. treasures from the Far East
3. The use of baked mud for buildings explains why .
A. the earthquake occurred B. Bam collected so many treasures
C. Bam developed into a trading post D. the earthquake caused such damage
4. Which of the following is CORRECT about the earthquake in Bam?
A. About 50,000 people survived the earthquake.
B. Not many countries sent food and supplies to Bam.
C. The 2003 earthquake was the first one in its history.
D. Thousands of visitors were killed in the earthquake.
4. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
In 1993, the Metropolitan Museum of Art reluctantly handed over 363 pieces of gold, silver,
precious stones, paintings, and sculptures back to Turkey after a court case. Following increasing calls for
the return of artistic objects that were removed decades or centuries ago, some of the world's leading
museums have signed a declaration that they will not hand back the ancient artifacts to their countries of
origin. They say people all over the world have only been able to fully appreciate ancient civilizations
because these museums have provided access to these artistic objects. The ancient civilizations would not
be so deeply admired today if these ancient artifacts were not so widely available to an international
public in major museums throughout Europe and America. For example, Egyptian culture would not have
become so well-known if the museums had not put Egyptian mummies on show.
The British Museum has not signed the declaration, but says it fully supports it. Over the recent
years, it has faced growing pressure to hand back the Elgin Marbles, sculptures taken from the Parthenon
in Athens, Greece, in the 19th century. But the British Museum has said that the Museum is the best
possible place for them. “They must remain here if the museum is to continue to achieve its aim, which is
to show the world to the world,” said the director of the museum.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/VZDeuN)
1. What reason do the major museums provide for not handing back the ancient objects?
A. Only in the leading museums can the objects be fully appreciated by the world.
B. It is better for those objects to remain at a certain place than to be moved around.
C. They need those well-known ancient objects to attract people from all over the world.
D. Ancient civilizations can only be admired if they are removed from their home countries.
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the “countries of origin” in the article?
A. Turkey B. Britain C. Egypt D. Greece
3. What does “the world” mean in "show the world to the world"?
A. The global village B. The leading museums
C. The ancient civilizations D. The international public
5. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Tea was the first brewed beverage. The Chinese emperor Shen Nung in 2737 B.C. introduced the
drink. Chinese writer Lu Yu wrote in A.D. 780 that there were “tens of thousands” of teas. Chinese tea
was introduced to Japan in A.D. 800. It was then introduced to Europe in the early 1600s, when trade
began between Europe and the Far East. At that time, China was the main supplier of tea to the world.
Then in 1834, tea cultivation began in India and spread to Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, and other areas of
Southeast Asia. Today, Java, South Africa, South America, and areas of the Caucasus also produce tea.
There are three kinds of tea: black, green, and oolong. Most international tea trading is in black tea.
Black tea preparation consists mainly of picking young leaves and leaf buds on a clear sunny day and
letting the leaves dry for about an hour in the sun. Then, they are lightly rolled and left in a fermentation
room to develop scent and a red color. Next, they are heated several more times. Finally, the leaves are
dried in a basket over a charcoal fire. Green tea leaves are heated in steam, rolled, and dried. Oolong tea
is prepared similarly to black tea, but without the fermentation time.
Three main varieties of tea-Chinese, Assamese, and Cambodian-have distinct characteristics. The
Chinese variety, a strong plant that can grow to be 2.75 meters high, can live to be 100 years old and
survives cold winters. The Assamese variety can grow 18 meters high and lives about 40 years. The
Cambodian tea tree grows five meters tall.
Tea is enjoyed worldwide as a refreshing and stimulating drink. Because so many people continue
to drink the many varieties of tea, it will probably continue as the world's most popular drink.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/c2NJ2z)
1. In the early 1600s, tea was introduced to Europe due to .
A. revolution B. marriage C. business D. education
2. According to the passage, which of following is the most popular tea around the world?
A. European tea B. black tea C. oolong tea D. green tea
3. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about tea preparation?
A. Black tea leaves need to be picked on a cloudy day.
B. Green tea leaves need to be heated over a charcoal fire.
C. The preparation of oolong tea is similar to that of black tea.
D. Oolong tea leaves need to be heated in steam before they are rolled.
4. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A. People drink tea to become rich and healthy.
B. Java developed tea cultivation earlier than India.
C. Tea plants can grow for only a short period of time.
D. People drink tea because of its variety and refreshing effect.
6. Complete the text by putting the correct sentence (A, B, C, D or E) in the gaps.
When you are in a foreign country, you should follow local customs, even if they are different from
the customs in your home country. (1) . Some of the cultural differences that you may face
include gestures, styles of greetings, and attitudes toward gift-giving.
 People around the world use gestures to send various messages. And sometimes the same gesture
can mean very different things in different cultures. (2) . In France, the same gesture means
zero.” In Japan, it is a symbol of money. But in Brazil, it means something quite vulgar.
(3) . The different styles of greeting you may see in different places include bowing,
hugging, kissing, hand-shaking, nose-rubbing, and the placing of the hands in a praying gesture (4)
. However, when Japanese meet Americans, they may shake hands and bow so that each culture
can show the other respect.
Perhaps the most complicated custom we must observe closely is about gift-giving. In some places,
people must present gifts to each other; if they do not, it is considered an insult. But in other places, the
opposite is true:
(5) . In Japan, gift-giving is very important, especially in business relationships. The
situation is quite the opposite in Germany. Gift-giving is usually not appropriate behavior there.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/X1YzWY)
A. It is considered insulting to give gifts.
B. Customs may be very different in other countries.
C. One example is the “OK” sign commonly used in the U.S.A.
D. In Japan, we always see the Japanese bow to each other when they meet.
E. Besides gestures, the form of greeting may also differ from one culture to another.
D. WRITING
1. Correct the mistakes and rewrite the sentences.
1. It’s raining for two days.

2. We've been knowing Phong for a long time.

3. Has been Long teaching English since he graduated.

4. She is been sleeping for nine hours.

5. I'm not playing the guitar since 2005.

6. How long has Patty studying?

7. Mark and Ann have been divorced for last month.

8. Laura's children have being playing computer games all day.

9. Has he yet had breakfast?

10. I have not finishing reading the book about Vietnamese culture yet.

2. Choose the sentence (A, B, C or D) that has the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. There is still room for improvement in your work.
A. Your work is great, so people come to the room for enjoyment.
B. You do so well in your work that you don't need to make any improvement in it.
C. Your work is not good enough; thus, you can still work on it.
D. The room is quiet enough for you to improve your work.
2. The two events are in no way related, so don't mix them up.
A. You will be confused because you can't relate two events.
B. You have no way to connect the two events, so you won't be mixed up.
C. Since the two events are far from related, you shouldn't mix them up.
D. There’s no way to relate the two events, so you won’t feel confused.
3. In 1990, a perfectly preserved mammoth was discovered.
A. They uncovered a human and preserved it well in 1990.
B. In 1990, an elephant-like animal was dug out and found in perfect condition.
C. A perfect mammoth was found out and they decided to keep it perfect in 1990.
D. A mammoth discovered in 1990 has been perfectly preserved.
4. In reforming medical care, she was always faced with objections.
A. She met with a lot of disapproval when she tried to improve medical care.
B. Many objects prevented her from reforming medical care.
C. The objections she faced had a lot to do with medical care.
D. Many people approved of her reforming medical care.
5. The war nurse cared for the wounded by the light of an oil lamp.
A. The war nurse liked the light of an oil lamp because it could cure the people injured by weapons.
B. The war nurse disliked talking to the wounded in the dark.
C. People wounded by an oil lamp were looked after by the war nurse.
D. The war nurse took an oil lamp to light her way while she took care of those injured on the battlefield.
3. Look at the information about etiquettes in Japan and the model essay.
Meeting & Greeting:
- Impolite to introduce yourself
- To greet: bow the head slightly. The deeper you bow, the more respect you show.
Gift Giving:
- Give good quality chocolates or small cakes
- Do not give lilies, camellias or lotus blossoms, or white flowers (associated with funerals)
- Do not give potted plants (associated with sickness) - bonsai tree is acceptable
- Give items in odd numbers, but not 9 (the numbers 9 and 4 are considered unlucky)
Dining & Food:
- Remove your shoes before entering and put on the slippers
- Leave your shoes pointing away from the doorway
- Arrive on time or no more than 5 minutes late
- Wait to be told where to sit
- The honoured guest or the eldest is the first person to begin eating
 (Information adapted from: https://goo.gl/F4KNQw)
Essay:
A distinct island culture formed over thousands of years, although cool and colourful, Japan can
also be complex and confusing to the foreigner. Below are some typical etiquettes that should make it
easier for a foreigner to navigate in Japanese social interactions.
Firstly, when meeting and greeting Japanese people, it is considered impolite to introduce yourself.
So, always wait to be introduced. The proper way to greet is by bowing. A foreign visitor may bow the
head slightly. The deeper you bow, the more respect you show.
When giving gifts, there are some important things to note. Good quality chocolates or small cakes
are a good idea for gifts. Do not give lilies, camellias or lotus blossoms as they are associated with
funerals and avoid white flowers of any kind as they are associated with funerals. Do not give potted
plants as they encourage sickness, although a bonsai tree is always acceptable. Remember to give items
in odd numbers, but not 9. The numbers 9 and 4 are considered unlucky in Japan.
In the event you are invited to someone's house for dinner, remember the following. First, remove
your shoes before entering and put on the slippers left at the doorway. Leave your shoes pointing away
from the doorway you are about to walk through. Make sure you arrive on time or no more than 5
minutes late if invited for dinner. You should wait to be told where to sit. The honoured guest or the eldest
is the first person to begin eating.
Hopefully, these pointers can help you when visiting Japan.
Now, use the following information about etiquettes in the UK and write an essay.
Meeting & Greeting
- When greeting, shake hands
- Hand-shakes should not be too hearty
- Use last name, unless specifically invited to use the first name
Gift Giving
- Take a small gift for the host (a bottle of wine, flowers or chocolates)
- Open gifts when receiving
Dining & Food
- Remain standing until invited to sit down
- Do not rest your elbows on the table
- Arrive on time
- Do not argue about the check
- Do not wave your hand or call out to summons a waiter
Taboos
- Do not stare
- Do not be overly familiar with people you do not know well
- Do not ask personal questions
- Do not speak too loudly or cut into a conversation
Essay:
 ANSWER KEY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5.C 6. A 7.B 8. B 9. D 10. B
2 Student’s answer
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. C
2 1. has just gone 2. have not ordered
3. has been 4. Have you ever ridden
5. has never travelled 6. hasn't phoned
7. has had 8. Has Daniel ever met
9. Have you heard 10. have always loved
3 1. since 2. since 3. since 4. for 5. since
6. for 7. since 8. for 9. since 10. Since
4 1. No, I didn't. 2. Yes, she has. 3. No, they don't.
4. No, I haven't. 5. Yes, she is. 6. No, he hasn't.
7. Yes, I/we have. 8. Yes, they did.
9. No, they aren't. 10. Yes, they have.
5 1. have been crying 2. has been 3. has been selling
4. has he known 5. has been designing 6. have been reading
7. have already washed 8. hasn't eaten
9. have been painting 10. has become
6 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C
7 1. more and more boring 2. less and less interesting
3. worse and worse 4. later and later
5. more and more beautiful 6. messier and messier
7. more and more expensive 8. better and better
9. less and less expensive 10. more and more tourists
11. less and less time 12. fewer and fewer immigrants
13. fewer and fewer people 14. harder and harder
15. fewer and fewer koalas 16. more and more difficult
17. more and more popular 18. More and more Vietnamese
19. farther and farther 20. cleaner and cleaner
C. READING
1 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. A
2 1. B 2. B 3. A
3 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A
4 1. A 2. B 3. C
5 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D
6 1. B 2. C 3. E 4. D 5. A
D. WRITING
1. It’s been raining for two days.
2. We've known Phong for a long time.
3. Has Long been teaching English since he graduated?
4. She has been sleeping for nine hours.
5. I haven't played the guitar since 2005.
5. How long has Patty been studying?
6. Mark and Ann have been divorced since last month.
7. Laura's children have been playing computer games all day.
8. Has he had breakfast yet?
10. I have not finished reading the book about Vietnamese culture yet.
2 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D
3 Model answer
The UK is a popular destination for many, whether it is for business or pleasure. To help ensure a
smooth trip, keep in mind the following etiquettes.
The etiquette when greeting is to shake hands with all those present, even children. Hand-shakes
should not be too hearty, just a light friendly touch. Last names should be used with the appropriate title
unless specifically invited to use the first name.
It is customary to take a small gift for the host if invited to their home. This is usually either a bottle
of wine, flowers or chocolates. Some people may send flowers in advance of a dinner party but it is
equally acceptable to take them on the day. Gifts are opened on receipt.
Table manners in the UK are rather continental. Remain standing until invited to sit down. You may
be shown to a particular seat. Do not rest your elbows on the table. It is important to arrive on time. Do
not argue about the check; simply reciprocate at a later time. Do not wave your hand or call out to
summon a waiter if in a restaurant.
Finally, there are some common taboos that you should be careful not to do or say. Firstly, you
should not stare as it is considered very rude. Do not be overly familiar with people you do not know
well. Do not ask personal questions such as how much someone earns, who they voted for etc. Finally, do
not speak too loudly or cut into a conversation.
 TEST YOURSELF UNITS 4 & 5
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1.
A. digital B. addicted C. cultural D. average
Question 2.
A. maintain B. emerge C. connect D. broadcast
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 3.
A. communication B. interaction C. programme D. application
Question 4.
A. custom B. adjustment C. agriculture D. costume
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following
exchanges.
Question 5. Nam and Lan are talking about their using social media.
Nam: “Why don't you open an account on Facebook?”
Lan: “ ”
A. It helps you to get connected with friends.
B. Oh, I see.
C. I don't want to waste much time for social media.
D. Not at all. I'll buy a new laptop.
Question 6. Hanh and Hoa are discussing how to maintain their cultural identity.
Hanh: “I believe that it's crazy for Vietnamese people living overseas to wear ao dai.”
Hoa: “ ”
A. I'm sorry to disagree with you. It gives big appetites and strengthens cultural ties.
B. I can't agree more. I'll bring many ao dais in my trip to America next year.
C. I don’t think so. Wearing traditional clothes represent a person's national identities.
D. No way. The first language enables people to communicate more easily.
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
Question 7. It is hard to maintain their cultural identity if teenagers migrate to another country at their
young age.
A. preserve B. lose C. emerge D. invade
Question 8. These days, people tend to download music from online websites rather than to buy music
CDs from shops.
A. unload B. upload C. provide D. offer
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
Question 9. Television corporations have improved their broadcasts to attract more audience.
A. programmes B. producers C. social media D. leaflets
Question 10. Adverts on Facebook seem to be more efficient than billboards or TV ads because of its
enormous number of users.
A. connected B. disorganised C. successful D. updated
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best completes each of the
following questions.
Question 11. These days, young people rely much the Internet to entertain.
A. in B. on C. with D. to
Question 12. What do you think encouraging students to use smartphones in their studies?
A. about B. of C. at D. on
Question 13. Sharing personal or private information about someone else causing embarrassment is one
way of .
A. social networking B. instant messaging
C. cyber bullying D. micro blogging
Question 14. My mother many days writing and rewriting her book before I her to
type on a computer.
A. had spent - taught B. spent - had taught
C. has spent - taught D. spent - has taught
Question 15. I my job applications to many companies. Finally, I as a software
programmer in Western Bank.
A. submitted - recruited B. submitted - had recruited
C. has submitted - was recruited D. had submitted - was recruited
Question 16. Different chat such as Viber or Zalo help to save a huge amount of money spent
on communication.
A. interactions B. documentaries C. mass media D. applications
Question 17. America, Canada and Australia are where many people try to preserve their native
language and culture.
A. multiple nations B. cultural practices
C. multicultural nations D. multiple nationalities
Question 18. Teenagers are likely to be to social media if their internet access is not supervised
by their parents.
A. linked B. connected C. addicted D. provided
Question 19. Traffic in Ho Chi Minh city is becoming because a lot of people are migrating to
the city to work.
A. greater and greater B. worse and worse
C. fewer and fewer D. more and more
Question 20. Vietnamese students receive full-ride scholarships to study in other countries.
A. A much amount of B. A greater quality
C. Larger and larger D. More and more
Question 21. Her Vietnamese accent although Anh in America for more than twenty
years.
A. hasn't change - has been living B. changed - has lived
C. hasn't changed - has lived D. doesn't change - lived
Question 22.I still a cultural shock when coming to America last year even though I
to the country three times.
A. had - have been B. have had - have been
C. had - have been being D. have had - were
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.
Communication is fundamentally about connection. Connecting (23) people, places, and
ideas is one of the first things we learn as babies. We learn to communicate our wants and needs.
Babies want to communicate (24) they need something, want something, or have a
problem with something - mostly through crying. As we get (25) , we inherit the
communication of those around us, and through nature and nurture, most of us develop our own
communication style. Some styles are better or at least more effective than others. But from the (26)
of socialization at home, at school, and in our communities, the importance of good
communication is emphasized. Some people may think good communication is specific to its situation
and culture. For example, distance between you and other(s) when communicating may be of greater or
lesser importance (27) on where you are. Also, while in a collectivist culture, in-group
understanding is valuable, in a individualist culture, communication is less ambiguous and more explicit.
(Text adapted from https://thoughtcatalog.com/kovie-
biakolo/2015/11 /communication-in-digital-culture/ )
Question 23.
A. by B. about C. with D. from
Question 24.
A. before B. if C. that D. which
Question 25.
A. younger and younger B. earlier than
C. more elderly D. older and older
Question 26.
A. earlier era B. youth generation C. young age D. young stage
Question 27.
A. providing B. comparing C. depending D. referring
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions from 28 to 34.
Online social media have gained amazing worldwide growth and popularity. Although with time all
generations have come to accept the changes social networking including Twitter, Facebook or Instagram
has brought about, teenagers and young adults are the most frequent users of these sites. It has been
reported that these sites are affecting the lives of the youth greatly.
Social media sites have provided a platform whereby the youth can create groups and pages based
on their common discipline and end up building connections and opportunities for their respective careers
by updating various topics to discuss. Youth who have been interviewed they say that social media has
become their lifestyle and it makes their lives easier and efficient.
 Social network sites seem to bring people together and connected, but may create social isolation.
As the youth tend to spend many hours on these sites, they rarely have face-to-face interaction. According
to various studies, scientists' evaluation determined that social isolation can lead to a host of emotional,
psychological, physical and mental problems which include anxiety, depression and somatic complaints
among many others.
Other negative effects of social networking various people suggested included encouraging poor
spelling and grammar, allowing spread of misinformation that is perceived as fact, decreasing
productivity. The sites also provide a perfect platform for cyber bullying and increase risks of identity
theft, whose personal information are asked to add.
Social networking clearly portrays both positive and negative effects on the youth. It is decision of
an individual to make whether to continue using the sites or not.
(Text adapted fromhttp://www.speechprosody2012.org/academic-essay-
sample-social-network-impact-on-youth.asp)
Question 28. How popular is online social media?
A. It's popular all over the world.
B. It becomes popular where more youth are interested.
C. It's been growing very slowly.
D. It's been more popular to older generations.
Question 29. According to the text, whose lives are mostly influenced by social networking?
A. All generations
B. Young generations
C. The youth who have a Facebook account
D. Teenagers who use Twitter more than Instagram
Question 30. Who are more likely to join discussion groups on social media sites?
A. All those who want to B. Young people of similar interests
C. The youth whose jobs are different D. The less frequent users of the sites
Question 31. Which is mentioned as a positive effect of social media on the youth's lives?
A. Their lifestyle is not influenced by on social media.
B. Their lives is more efficient than their parents'.
C. Their lives are more convenient.
D. Their ideas are more respected.
Question 32. Which is the closest in meaning to the phrase “social isolation” in paragraph 3?
A. disconnection for others B. online interaction
C. mental problems D. direct interaction
Question 33. Which is NOT mentioned as a negative effect of social media?
A. The youth tend to spend more time on online networking than face-to-face interaction.
B. The youth with less social interaction are likely to experience mental problems.
C. The youth using social media are likely to have poor study results.
D. Facts and untrue information are mixed up.
Question 34. What is the main idea of this article?
A. Social media have more negative effects than positive effects.
B. The youth should not be allowed to use social media.
C. Social networking cuts down face-to-face interaction.
D. The youth can experience both benefits and drawbacks of social media.
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions from 35 to 42.
Globalization - a topic of heated argument - has as many likes as dislikes. Globalization has its own
importance in terms of economic development and race for power. But it's not always welcomed by those
who love to keep up their culture and identity.
Talking of the positive attitudes for the globalization, it has a deep rooted stand in economic growth
of the nation. Tele-communications in different ways like Internet, emails, calls and video-calling or
chats, along with advancement in various routes of transportation have made the world come closer.
Families could easily interact and converse with their children abroad. We can know the latest day-to-day
advancements in technology and keep up with the pace of the world. Also, our inter-personal skills can
develop, which makes us more confident to go hand-in-hand with anyone from any part of the world.
Still, when we go to the dark aspect of this globalization, it has blinded our youth regarding our own
richness of culture. Our nation which had always been an ever- shining star for its rich culture and
civilization, is now facing a downfall due to the import of westernization into our culture. Globalization
has helped us to cope with the advancing science, but our emotions and bonding are at risk.
Youth today is just concentrating to top the financial market; they don't have time to spend with
their family and kids, for whom they are striving hard day and night. We have forgotten that money can
get us anything, but not the true love and innocence. We have engaged ourselves in the technology to the
extent that we are failing to respect the relationship. Charm of glittering gadgets has faded the importance
of the elders in the family. We don't realize dis-respecting elderly people in the fake prestige of
technology. All this is nothing but the blackened gift to us by the globalization.
These aspects of globalization definitely need to be realized at the earliest. We need to start
educating our children right from the childhood values of our culture, thereby maintaining our own
uniqueness. Let's join hands to save our nation and culture from getting destructed.
(Text adapted from: https://www.careerride.com/view/globalization-will-inevitably-
Iead-to-the-total-loss-of-cultural-identity-12770.aspx)
Question 35. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE about globalization?
A. Globalization helps the economy of a nation to develop greatly.
B. Our culture and identity cannot be changed despite globalization.
C. Globalization helps to welcome new culture.
D. Globalization is not welcomed worldwide.
Question 36. Why has the world become smaller and closer to many people?
A. With more available means of communication
B. Thanks to the development of technology
C. With better means of transportation to different areas
D. All are correct
Question 37. Which is NOT mentioned as a benefit of globalization?
A. People are updated with what's going on in the world.
B. People from different parts of the world are more confident in their interaction.
C. The number of students studying overseas is increasing.
D. People's inter-personal skills are more developed.
Question 38. According to the author, what should a nation be proud of?
A. its rich culture B. its advancing science
C. its westernization D. its importation
Question 39. Which is the closest in meaning to the phrase “downfall” in paragraph 3?
A. development B. degradation C. survival D. popularity
Question 40. Which is the closest in meaning to the phrase “striving” in paragraph 4?
A. spending much time B. making great efforts
C. speaking to much D. earning a lot of money
Question 41. According to the text, what is the blackened gift that globalization gives to us?
A. development of financial market B. the charm of gadgets
C. an increasing amount of money D. risk of family relationship
Question 42. The passage was written mainly to .
A. enhance globalization at the earliest
B. call for preservation of a nation's culture
C. educate children to be global citizens as soon as possible
D. highlight the values of globalization
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
Question 43. No one can stop my ten-year-old brother playing video games.
A. My ten-year-old brother is not interested in playing video games.
B. No one plays video games as much as my ten-year-old brother.
C. My ten-year-old brother is addicted to playing video games.
D. No one prevents my ten-year-old brother from playing video games.
Question 44. The number of young people using social media is increasing.
A. There are more people using social media than in the past.
B. The number of social media for the youth is increasing.
C. More and more social media are for the youth.
D. More and more young people are using social media.
Question 45. The pie chart shows the means of communication used by students in Laurel Secondary
School.
A. The forms of communication preferred by students in Laurel Secondary School are illustrated in the
pie chart.
B. The pie chart indicates that students in Laurel Secondary School use similar ways of communication.
C. As shown in the pie chart, instant messaging is the most common among students in Laurel Secondary
School.
D. The graph shows the number of students in Laurel Secondary School using modern means of
communication.
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
Question 46. Vietnamese women look charming in ao dai, a national custom of Vietnam.
A B C D
Question 47. Teenagers are likely to suffer with mental problems if they use computers too much.
A B C D
Question 48. A number of projects were carried out nationwide to maintain the cultural identity
A B C D
of Vietnamese teenagers.
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the
following questions.
Question 49.I installed Skype software into my father's laptop. Then, I left for my study in America.
A. My father asked me to install Skype software into his laptop when I was in America.
B. I often talked with my father via Skype when I was in America.
C. I had installed Skype software into my father's laptop before I went to study in America.
D. After leaving for my study in America, I installed Skype software into my father's laptop.
Question 50. This is not the first time Anna attended Musical Festival in Sydney. Yet, she will be back
for this event next year.
A. Unless Anna had not attended Musical Festival in Sydney before, she would be back for this event
next year.
B. Anna will not attend Musical Festival in Sydney next year because she has attended many times.
C. If Anna attended Musical Festival in Sydney last year, she would not attend it this year.
D. Although Anna has attended Musical Festival in Sydney many times, she will be back for this event
next year.
ANSWER KEY
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C
11. B 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. D
21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. B
31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. B
41. B 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. D
 Unit 6 ENDANGERED SPECIES
A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the other three by circling A, B, C, or D.
1. A. advent B. asthma C. clutter D. survive
2. A. conservation B. rhinoceros C. perseverance D. generosity
3. A. instant B. extinct C. unique D. belief
4. A. ethnicity B. vulnerable C. identifier D. extinction
5. A. mildew B. rhino C. spirit D. attire
6. A. endangered B. replenish C. habitat D. survival
7. A. community B. anonymous C. ceremony D. assimilate
8. A. essential B. achievement C. inherit D. represent
9. A. worship B. preserve C. insist D. acquire
10. A. religion B. climatic C. heritage D. organic
2. Practice saying the following sentences with a partner. Pay attention to vowel to vowel linking.
1. The company had to change the way it did business to protect the surrounding environment.
2. The company decided to deploys new method of producing ecofriendly packaging.
3. Because customers don't have to pay an annual fee, membership is way up.
4. Although he knew it was illegal, he occasionally parked in a tow away zone.
5. The company had a meeting to see if they could finally agree on a new advisor.
B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. Fill in the missing words from the word bank. You may have to change the form of the words.
from extinction cloning technology cutting edge no risk in demand for
for profit initially has hailed the latest step in sought to
Largest animal cloning factory can save species - The scientist behind plans to build the world's
largest animal cloning factory in China (1) the venture as an “extremely important” contribution
that could help save critically endangered species (2) . The main focus of the facility will be
cloning cattle to feed China's rocketing (3) beef. BoyaLife (4) hopes to
produce 100,000 "top quality" cow embryos a year and to eventually be responsible for 5% of the
premium cattle slaughtered in China. The Chinese scientist suggested his company might one day be able
to produce the world's first cloned giant panda. The factory is (5) Chinese attempts to
become a world leader in (6) .
In China, which has witnessed a series of devastating food safety scandals, state media (7)
convince the public there was (8) consuming the cloned cattle the company plans to
produce.
In a conference call with reporters, BoyaLife's chief executive said: “I can tell you, cloned beef is
the tastiest beef I've had. The construction of the world's largest animal cloning factory is almost
complete. We want it to be modern, we want it to be (9) and represent the future. We do all this
not just (10) , but also for history”, he said.
(Text adapted from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/)
2. Change the words in the brackets to the correct form.
1. Some (ENVIRONMENT) claim (REGULATE) is the only way to achieve desired
outcomes.
2. Science can build on previous (KNOW) and develop a more sophisticated
(UNDERSTAND) of its topics of study over time.
3. Researchers remain optimistic that cloning will become an extremely (USE) tool in the
future.
4. In (WILD) parks, we can see animals in danger of (EXTINCT) such as tigers and
rhinoceros.
5. Many plant and animal species are becoming (DANGER) or extinct due to human's habitat
. (DESTRUCT).
6. In 2014, China explicitly outlawed the (CONSUME) of endangered species, including tigers,
whose bones and other organs are (SUPERSTITION) believed to have magical
(CURE) powers.
7. (COMMERCE) hunting of blue whales was ultimately banned in 1966.
8. While the tusks of Asian elephants are much smaller than African elephants, the Asian species is still
(POACH) for its ivory, meat, and skin.
9. The (LUXURY) waterproof coat that insulates sea otters from the (CHILL)
waters that they inhabit almost led to its extinction.
10. Orangutans - (RESTRICT) to the Southeast Asian islands of Borneo and Sumatra - are
usually, making them difficult to track and study.
3. Complete the sentences using the future perfect form of the words in brackets
1. I don't think I (finish) these exercises by 3 o'clock.
2. I believe they (win) 3 games by the end of month.
3. They (have) breakfast before we come.
4. We're late. The film (already, start) by the time we get to the cinema.
5. I (translate) this text by 2 o'clock tomorrow.
6. I (write) my essay on the Siberian tigers by the time you ring me up.
7. Tony thought, "By the end of the fortnight we (spend) all our money. But by that time,
perhaps, I (find) another job.
8. Next year Tom and Alice (be married) for 25 years.
9. He (not, write) 3 books by the year 2009.
10. By the end of the term we (read) two English books.
11. Please come tomorrow evening. By that time I (finish) my work.
12. Mom (do) the washing up by the time you come home.
13. You (perfect) your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
14. They (pass) all their exams before they go on a trip to the nature reserve.
15. (we, discuss) this report on endangered species by the end of this month?
4. Complete the sentences using the future perfect or future perfect continuous form of the words in
brackets.
1. By 9 o'clock, we (finish) our homework.
2. They (leave) the classroom by the end of the hour.
3. He (read) this book for 15 days by the end of this week.
4. We (go) home by next week.
5. (be, she) pregnant for three months this week?
6. She (return) from the excursion by 6 o'clock.
7. (buy / he) the new house by October.
8. The sun (not / rise) by 4 o'clock.
9. By the end of this week we (work) on the project for a month.
10. (You/do) the shopping by 3 o'clock?
11. By July the fifth they (study) English for 3 years.
12. By 10 o'clock she (watch) TV for 4 hours.
13. (finish, you) this novel by next week?
14. She (sleep) for 10 hours by 11 o'clock.
15. By the end of the month I (live) in this town for ten years.
5. Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the adjectives in the box.
better loud spicy warm small better
more rich big less happy merry
late safe fast cheap more hard

1. The you study for these exams, the you will do.
2. She doesn't really like wine, so the a bottle you find, the it will be for us.
3. My roommate is driving me mad! It seems that the it is at night, the he plays his
music!
4. He spent a year in Hue and loves food with chilli peppers. The the food is, the he
likes it.
5. Of course you can come to the party. The the .
6. Animal habitats are destroyed when we cut down trees. So, the trees we cut down, the
.
7. He has 6 large dogs to protect his house. The the dog, the he feels.
8. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. The he becomes, the
he is.
9. The the Earth gets, the the ice caps melt.
6. Complete the sentences with the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives.
1. Oil and water don't mix very easily because water isn't oil. (thick)
2. Everyone enjoys listening to him. He tells stories you've ever heard. (amusing)
3. Health is a question of diet. food you eat, you are. (good / healthy)
4. Nobody wants to go out with him. He's person I've ever known. (boring)
5. You should talk to him possible. you wait, (soon / long / bad)
6. The exam turned out to be we had thought. (easy)
7. He's an experienced climber. He's climbed some of mountains in the world, (high)
8. I don't know what he does. he gets, he looks. (old / young)
9. If you do exercise, you'll get . (much / fit)
10. A - I won't invite people, otherwise there won't be enough room in the dining-room,
(many)
B - Yes, but you must take into account that people you invite, presents you will get.
(many / many)
11. You haven't done this exam you usually do. I think you must study next time,
(well / hard)
12. He never stops. He's person in the office, (hard-working)
13. Minor roads have traffic but they are and motorways, (little / slow / dangerous)
14. I think about the problem, it seems to me to solve. (much / difficult)
15. Excuse me, can you tell me where post office is? (near)
C. READING
1. Read the text and complete each gap by circling A, B, C, or D.
There are more and more animals in danger of extinction. Therefore, helping wildlife has become
an important issue today. Both the governments and people should be responsible for helping wildlife.
(1) , groups such as the World Wildlife Foundation are taking steps to prevent endangered
animals (2) forever from the earth. However, simply relying on their help may not be enough. If
you (3) the following suggestions, you will definitely make the world safer for them. First,
when you see wild animals that are hurt, don't get close to them as they (4) people and may be
frightened. Second, if you see a baby animal without its mother, do not take it home with you because the
mother's absence does not necessarily mean she has left her baby for good. To sum up, before you rush
out to feed wild animals you come across, you have to make sure (5) they really need your help
or not.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/zybP62)
1. A. On the contrary B. On the one hand C. Despite the fact D. For example
2. A. to disappear B. from disappearing
C. of disappearance D. with disappearing
3. A. pay attention to B. keep a distance from
C. consist of D. get rid of
4. A. are used to B. are not used to C. used to D. do not use to
5. A. which B. where C. whether D. whatever
2. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Teenagers Jared and Jake Milarch were cutting away branches from sugar maple trees with their
father, David, at the family's shade tree farm in northern Michigan. Remembering the enormous trees they
had visited during his childhood vacations, Jared said, “We need better trees, Dad. Why don't we clone
those big, old trees and grow them?”
David Milarch had never considered the idea. Like countless shade trees across the country, those in
his nursery were dying in record numbers from pests and environmental hazards. If he kept losing trees,
Milarch knew that he might lose the farm that had been in his family for four generations. No doubt,
cloning “champion” trees-the biggest, and often the oldest, of each tree species-would be a godsend if it
worked.
 To his disappointment, experts at Michigan State University practically laughed him off the phone
when he called to ask about his son's idea. Cloning, though already commonly used on younger trees,
couldn't be applied to old trees, they said.
But the two teenagers were willing to make any possible attempts. They spent four days driving
around Michigan collecting buds from seven champions. After shipping them off to a nursery in Oregon,
they all forgot about the project. Nine months later, they got an urgent message from the Oregon nursery:
“Send every bud you can gather.” To everyone's amazement, the new trees flourished.
In 1996, the Milarchs founded the non-profit Champion Tree Project, devoted to cloning the
country's largest and most venerable trees. Since then, the group has made thousands of clones of more
than 70 champion trees, including the world's oldest known tree, a 4,768-year-old bristlecone pine. They
have been honoured with numerous conservation awards and have been sought out for their expertise by
everyone from Queen Elizabeth to Chinese authorities, hoping to clone trees from as far back as the Ming
Dynasty. The Milarch's ideas have hit a sentimental spot in the hearts of people everywhere. Tree
enthusiasts began contacting them, eager to volunteer in any way they could.
Now the group has a more vital mission than preserving American history: saving the planet.
Knowing that trees can't easily reproduce surrounded by concrete as they would in nature, the Champion
Tree Project decided to turn over a new leaf and focus on planting sturdy champion trees in urban settings
to guard against global warming.
The Milarchs might have easily turned their brainchild into a private money-making venture, but
David never even considered it. Instead, content with the soul-satisfying projects, they feel they are the
richest family in America.
(Adapted from Advanced English Magazine, September 2004)
1. Which of the statements is TRUE?
A. Trees on David's farm had never died in such a large number.
B. Before the Milarch family's attempt, cloning had never been applied to trees.
C. The Champion Tree Project will focus on planting sturdy trees in big cities and in small villages as
well.
D. The Milarchs have taken advantage of their brainchild to save the family business and make a fortune.
2. The original goal of the Champion Tree Project is to .
A. gather the seeds of big trees from all over the world and clone them
B. clone vulnerable and expensive trees to cater to customers' demand
C. reproduce the largest and oldest trees in USA
D. make some money for charity institutes by cloning old trees
3. In paragraph 4, the word “nursery" means .
A. a place where young children are taken care of during the day when their parents are at work
B. an expert enthusiastic about wildlife conservation
C. an institute doing research on endangered species of trees
D. a place where plants and trees are grown and sold
3. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Native Americans could not understand the white man's war on the wolf. The Lakota, Blackfeet,
and Shoshone, among other tribes, considered the wolf their spiritual brother. They respected the animals'
endurance and hunting ability, and warriors prayed to hunt like them. They draped themselves in wolf
skins and paws, hoping they could acquire the wolfs hunting skills of stealth, courage, and stamina. Plains
Indians wore wolf-skin disguises on raiding parties. Elite Comanche warriors were called wolves.
The white settlers' war on the wolf raged on. Western ranchers continued to claim that thousands of
cattle were killed every year by wolves. In 1884, Montana created its first wolf bounty-one dollar for
every dead wolf, which increased to eight dollars in 1893. Over a period of thirty-five years, more than
eighty thousand wolf carcasses were submitted for bounty payments in Montana. Moreover, the
government even provided free poison. Finally, in 1914, ranchers persuaded the United States Congress
to provide funds to exterminate wolves on public lands.
The last wolves in the American West died hard. No place was safe, not even the nation's first
national park, Yellowstone. The park was created in 1872, and from its very beginning, poisoned
carcasses were set out to kill wolves. Nearly 140 wolves were killed by park rangers in Yellowstone from
1914 to 1926. In October 1926, two wolf cubs were trapped near a bison carcass. They were the last
animals killed in the park's wolf control programs.
Ranchers had won the war against the wolf. Only in the northern woods of Wisconsin, Minnesota,
and Michigan could the howl of native gray wolves be heard. The vast lands of the American West fell
silent. The country had lost its greatest predator.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/BMx9n60)
1. The white man tried to kill the gray wolf because .
A. it attacked people B. it damaged the crops
C. it was adored by the Indians D. it threatened the life of his livestock
2. This passage was most likely written by someone who .
A. liked hunting wild animals
B. made laws against the gray wolf
C. advocated the protection of the gray wolf
D. appreciated the gray wolfs hunting skills
3. What was an important reason for the fast disappearance of the wolves?
A. The wolves could not have cattle as food.
B. The Indians killed the wolves for their skins.
C. National park rangers killed most of the wolves.
D. The government encouraged the killing of wolves.
4. The Indians respected the wolf because it .
A. was good at hunting B. was good at disguising
C. had beautiful skins and paws D. was an enemy to the white man
4. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Tropical forests are located in some 70 countries, but about 80 percent are in Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Gabon, Indonesia, Malaysia, Peru, Venezuela, and Zaire. The rain forests are home to nearly
half species of all the plants, animals, and insects in the world. According to notes from the World
Wildlife Fund, more species of fish live in the Amazon River than in the entire Atlantic Ocean.
Tropical plants produce chocolate, nuts, tannins, fruits, gums, coffee, waxes, wood and wood
products, rubber and petroleum substitutes, and ingredients found in toothpaste, pesticides, fibers, and
dyes.
 In addition, several medical wonders of the twentieth century have come from plants found only in
rain forests. These plants have been used to treat high blood pressure, Hodgkin's disease, multiple
sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. The tiny periwinkle flower from the rain forest in Madagascar, for
example, is key to a drug that has been successfully used to treat lymphocytic leukemia. And rain forests
may hold the answer to treatment for several types of cancer. A study of the Costa Rican rain forest found
that 15 percent of the plants studied had potential as anti-cancer agents.
“We are destroying the biological heritage that developed over billions of years and doing it in the
matter of a few human generations,” says Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University. “Our descendants, if any,
will be very much the poorer for it.”
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/ZWQxvQ)
1. What percentage of tropical forests are located in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Gabon, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Peru, Venezuela, and Zaire?
A. 70% B. 80% C. 50% D. 15%
2. Rain forests are home to nearly species of all the plants, animals, and insects in the world.
A. half B. one-third B. one-quarter D. two-thirds
3. The periwinkle flower from the rain forest in Madagascar could be used to treat .
A. high blood pressure B. Parkinson's disease
C. cancer D. lymphocytic leukemia
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A. More species of fish live in the Amazon River than in the entire Atlantic Ocean.
B. A study of Costa Rican rain forest found that 75 percent of the plants there were potential anti-cancer
agents.
C. Tropical plants produce chocolate, nuts, gums, coffee, and paper.
D. The plants found in rain forests can be used to treat Hodgkin's disease, multiple sclerosis and cataract.
5. The inference we can draw from Ehrlich's quote is .
A. paradise lost: the ravaged rain forest
B. rain forest: a cure-all
C. heritage in rain forest: doomed to exploitation
D. rain forests: the best location
5. Read the following text.
Most rhinos live in Africa. There are two African species: the black rhino, which lives in East
Africa and the white rhino, which is found in Southern Africa. There are also a fewer rhinos in Asia,
mainly in India. Over the last 20 years, numbers of rhinos have dropped rapidly, there are now fewer than
10,000 in the whole world, and the number is still falling.
The main threat to rhinos is from poachers, who hunt them for their „horns‟, which are in fact made
of stiff hair. The horns are sold in the Middle East, where they are used to make dagger handles, and also
in the Far East, where they are used in medicine.
Trading in rhino horn is illegal, but it is still continuing. Unless more is done to protect them, they
will almost certainly become extinct.
Elephants are found in Africa and Asia (mainly India). African elephants are slightly larger and
have much bigger ears. Elephants in Africa are in serious danger: nearly a million have been killed in the
last 10 years, and only about 600,000 are left. In Asia, there are only about 50,000 elephants left in the
wild. However, Asian elephants are used for transporting timber, so many are now born in captivity.
Elephants are killed by poachers for their tusks, which they sell as ivory. Elephant ivory is made
into ornaments, piano keys, chopsticks and other objects. In 1989, governments of 79 countries agreed to
ban all trade in ivory, and this ban came into effect in 1990. Unfortunately, as long as people buy ivory,
poaching will continue and elephants will be in danger.
Complete the table with the information from the text.
Rhinos Elephants
Number 1. - In Africa 600,000
at present - 50,000 in the world
Why hunted 2. 3.
Main threat 4. 5.
Complete the following sentences with information from both texts.
6. South Africa is famous for its rhino.
7. The majority of rhinos are found in .
8. The rhino horn is sold in the Middle East as well as in the .
9. If people continue trading in rhino horn, rhinos will be in danger of .
10. Elephants with smaller ears come from .
Match the following words with their definitions according to the texts. Note that there is an extra
definition.
11. species a. a condition when an animal is kept somewhere and is not allowed to leave.
12. dagger b. a hard, smooth, white substance that forms the tusks of the elephant.
13. timber c. a short knife used as a weapon.
14. captivity d. an official rule that people must not do.
15. ban e. a group of animals which share similar characteristics.
f. trees that are grown to provide wood for building.
6. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
The damming of river systems in the North-Western United States has had devastating effects on
salmon. In the spring young salmon, called smolts, drift into rivers from smaller streams. They swim with
the current downstream heading for the Pacific Ocean. Before the large-scale constructions of dams, the
young salmon used the strong flow from melting snows to get to the sea in between six and twenty days.
It is necessary to do this because during these days the smolts' bodies undergo the physiological changes
for adaptation to salt water.
Unfortunately, the current has become very slow due to the construction of numerous dams. (A)
Companies operating the dams also intentionally slow the current. (B) They store the water from the
melting snow until the winter, when more electric power is needed. (C) The net result is that many of the
young fish do not survive the now sixty-day trip to the sea. Consequently, there are fewer adult salmon to
migrate back up the rivers for breeding. (D) When it comes time for the salmon to return, they again face
the problem of dams. As fewer adult salmon are able to get back to their cool upstream water, they fail to
produce a sufficiently numerous new generation of salmon. This cycle could eventually lead to extinction
of the fish.
 Attempts are being made to transport the young salmon downriver by barge. However, many
scientists think that this artificial method of getting the fish to the sea kills more than it saves. Another
suggestion, recently proposed by environmentalists, is to increase the rate of water flow. This would be a
partial solution to the declining salmon numbers. One method of doing this would call for releasing water
from upstream reservoirs. This would speed up the downstream movement of the smolts.
Another method would be to reduce the water level in the reservoirs for a period in the spring when
the smolts are migrating downstream. This would also increase the flow rate temporarily without
requiring massive amounts of water and, thus, enable the young salmon to move downstream faster.
Unfortunately, both of these proposals have met with criticism from the power companies.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/8ubzAB)
1. What's the main topic of the passage?
A. The failure of adult salmon to reproduce.
B. The importance of smolts returning upstream.
C. The need for smolts to reach salt water quickly.
D. The harm caused to salmon by river damming.
2. The passage discusses all of the following methods of dealing with salmon's migration EXCEPT
.
A. carrying the fish in boats
B. allowing water to be released from upstream reservoirs
C. dropping water levels in reservoirs
D. breeding salmon
3. Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?
A. Controversy about the salmon issue is likely to continue.
B. A solution to the salmon problem will probably be found in the near future.
C. Salmon will be extinct within the next decade.
D. Selective breeding for longer physiological maturation is a possibility.
4. The following sentence can be added to paragraph 2:
This is also a time when they can charge higher prices for the electricity generated by moving water.
Where would it best fit in the paragraph?
A. (A) B. (B) C.(C) D. (D)
5. In paragraph 3, what does the author mean by the statement that many scientists think that this artificial
method of getting the fish to the sea kills more than it saves?
A. Saving fish is artificial.
B. More fish die when transported than they would die otherwise.
C. Artificial methods of transportation rid salmon of the chance to get adapted to salt water.
D. The sea kills more fish than they are saved by transportation.
D. WRITING
1. Rewrite each sentence so that it has the same meaning as the given sentence, using double
comparatives.
1. A diamond is very expensive if it's perfect.
2. When the plums are ripen, they are very sweet.

3. If you drink a lot of coffee, you'll get more and more nervous.

4. When people eat very quickly, there is a high chance of indigestion.

5. Houses close to the centre are very expensive.

6. When people are young, they learn very quickly.

7. If we leave early, the roads will be clear.

8. A big supermarket usually has a very wide choice.

9. When the weather is hot the beaches get crowded.

10. I'm trying to work this out, but I'm more and more confused.

2. Rewrite each sentence so that it has the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. “I feel that genetic engineering is the inevitable wave of the future. We cannot ignore a technology that
has such potential benefits.”
The scientist said

2. Although cloning is something that has always been portrayed in science fiction films, it is done in the
real world today.
In spite of

3. As Dolly proved that the technology works, many taboos were broken for the new genetics.
If

4. They have created a new population from a few cloned animals.

A new population

5. “Why does cloning still remain a sensitive issue?”

The journalist wanted to know

6. Surveys rarely found overwhelming support for cloning.

Rarely

7. Risks are usually involved in genetic engineering. They turn out to be unexpected ones.
Risks

3. Write a report about the Javan rhino based on the given information.
Physical features:
-1500-2000kg
- 3 - 3.5m
- one horn and prominent folds
- hairless except for ears and tail tip
- horn: no less than 25m; lacking in some females
Habitat:
- lowland rain forests
- tall grass and reed beds
- near water and mud wallows
- previously: low-lying areas
- now: hilly areas up to 2000m (due to human settlement)
Diet:
- shoots, twigs, young foliage and fallen fruit
Location:
- previously: Bangladesh; Myanmar; southwest China; Vietnam; Thailand, Laos, Cambodia; Malaysia;
Sumatra and Java (Indonesia)
- now: Udjung Kulon National Park in Java (Indonesia) and the Cat Tien National Park in Vietnam
Reason for decline:
- poaching for horn (used in Oriental medicine)
- clearing forest for agriculture
Report:
 ANSWER KEY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5.D 6. C 7.C 8. D 9. A 10. C
2 Student‟s answer
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 1. has hailed 2. from extinction 3. demand fo 4. initially
5. the latest step in 6. cloning technology 7. sought to
8. no risk in 9. cutting edge 10. for profit
2 1. environmentalists; regulation 2. knowledge; understanding
3. useful 4. wildlife; extinction
5. endangered; destruction 6. consumption; superstitiously; curative
7. Commercial 8. poached
9. luxurious; chilly 10. restricted
3 1. will have finished 2. will have won 3. will have had
4. will already have started 5. will have translated
6. will have written 7. will have spent; will have found
8. will have been married 9. will not have written
10. will have read 11. will have finished
12.will have done 13. will have perfected
14. will have passed 15. Will we have discussed
4 1. will have finished 2. will have left 3. will have been reading
4. will have left 5. Will she have been 6. will have returned
7. Will you have bought 8. will not have risen/ won't have risen
9. will have been working 10. Will you have done 11. Will have been studying
12. will have been watching 13. Will you have finished
14. will have been sleeping 15. will have been living
5 1. harder - better 2. smaller – cheaper 3. later - louder
4. spicier - more 5. more – merrier 6. less - better
7. bigger – safer 8. richer – happier 9. warmer – faster
6 1. as thick as 2. the most amusing 3. the better; the healthier
4. the most boring 5. as soon as; the longer; the worse
6. easier than 7. the highest 8. the older; the younger
9. more; fitter 10. more; the more; the more 11. as well as; harder
12. the most hardworking 13. less; slower; more dangerous
14. the more; the more difficult 15. the nearest
C. READING
1 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5C
2 1. C 2. C 3. D
3 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A
4 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C
5 1. few than 10,000 2. for their horns 3. for their tusks
4. poaching/ poachers 5. poaching/poachers
6. white 7. Africa 8. Far East
9. Extinction 10. Asia/Manly India
11. e 12. c 13. f 14. a 15. d
6 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B
D. WRITING
1
1. The more perfect a diamond is, the more expensive (it is.).
2. The more ripen plums are, the sweeter (they are).
3. The more coffee you drink, the more nervous you get.
4. The more quickly people eat, the higher chance of indigestion they have.
5. The closer to the centre a house is, the more expensive (it is).
6. The younger people are, the more quickly they learn.
7. The earlier we leave, the clearer the roads will be.
8. The bigger a supermarket, the wider choice it has.
9. The hotter the weather is, the more crowded the beaches get.
10. The more I try to work this out, the more confused I get.
2
1. he felt that genetic engineering was the inevitable wave of the future and added/explained that they
could not ignore a technology that had such potential benefits.
2. something that has always been portrayed in science fiction films, cloning is done in the real world
today.
3. Dolly hadn't proved that the technology works, many taboos wouldn't have been broken for the new
genetics.
4. has been created from a few cloned animals.
5. why cloning still remained a sensitive issue.
6. did surveys find overwhelming support for cloning.
7. which turn out to be unexpected ones, are usually involved in genetic engineering.
3 Model answer
The Javan rhinoceros weighs 1500 - 2000kg and has a length of 3 - 3.5m. It has one horn and
prominent folds in the skin, similar to the Indian rhino. The Javan rhino is hairless except for its ears and
tail tip. Its thick gray skin is divided by deep folds. The single horn rarely exceeds 25cm long and is
lacking in some females.
The Javan rhino prefers tall grass and reed beds in lowland rain forests. Formerly, it generally
preferred low-lying areas. Although it now occupies hilly areas up to 2000m, this likely is a result of
being driven into upland habitats due to the pressure of human settlement in lowland areas. The Javan
rhino's diet consists of shoots, twigs, young foliage and fallen fruit. It remains near water and enjoys
bathing and wallowing in mud.
Formerly, the Javan rhino was widespread and often abundant from Bangladesh east through
Myanmar and southwest China to Vietnam and south through Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Malaysia to
Sumatra and Java (Indonesia). It has dwindled to only two known populations, in the Udjung Kulon
National Park in Java (Indonesia) and the Cat Tien National Park in Vietnam.
There are two major reasons for the Javan rhino's decline. The first one is poaching of the rhino for
its horn. Rhino horn is valued highly for use in Oriental medicine. The second reason is habitat loss due
to clearing of lowland forest. The most critical threat to the Javan rhinos in Vietnam is the continued
conversion of forestland into agricultural land.
Source: http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/rhinsond.htm
 Unit 7 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the other three by
circling A, B, C, or D.
1. A. activate B. algorithm C. artificial D. attack
2. A. dressed B. joined C. matched D. dropped
3. A. counter B. mould C. overload D. poach
4. A. migrate B. maintain C. faraway D. automated
5. A. biodiversity B. cyberbullying C. unify D. lifestyle
6. A. expand B. species C. habitat D. mildew
7. A. healthy B. ahead C. bread D. seatbelt
8. A. vulnerable B. ultimate C. figure D. humble
9. A. plane B. safety C. traffic D. station
10. A. geothermal B. pathway C. prosthetic D. weather
2. Mark the stress in the following dialogue. Check your answer and then practice speaking with a
partner, paying attention to the sentence stress.
- Mark: Honey, I'm home!
- Belle: Hi! How are you? How was your day at work?
- Mark: It was great! I got a promotion! I'll have more responsibilities in the office, but the best news is
that I'll have more money at the end of each month.
- Belle: That's great! Congratulations! I'm really happy.
- Mark: Unfortunately, I have to go to a conference this weekend so I won't be able to go to dinner with
your parents this Friday. Sorry to let you down.
- Belle: You're sorry? You're sorry?!?! I'm afraid “sorry” isn't good enough. I've already told them you're
going, Mark!
- Mark: I know, I know. And I am sorry about it. But as long as you have the chance to see them it's okay,
right?
- Belle: Fine. But we're going to dinner with them next Friday. No excuses.
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. Match each word with its definition. Then, complete the sentences by using the correct form of
the words.
1. to surpass a. man-made to look or behave like something natural
2. threat b. someone very intelligent
3. genius c. something made by human beings
4. moral compass d. something which can put us in danger
5. synthetic e. to have superior abilities
6. artificial f. a natural perception about what is right and wrong
7. Many people say that Stephen Hawking is a .
8. Professor Hawking is one of the most famous scientists in the world who communicated using a
voice generated by a computer.
9. Well, Professor Hawking has said recently that efforts to create thinking machines are a to
our existence.
10. Some very clever robots are already us. They can calculate, retrieve data and even learn
much faster than humans.
11. How can we be sure that Artificial Intelligence will have a and not do evil?
12. Are lights and late night TV ruining our sleep?
2. Circle the correct words.
A scientist said robots will be more (1) intelligent / intelligence than humans by 2029. The
scientist's name / named is Ray Kurzweil. He works for Google as Director of Engineering. He is one of
the world's (2) leader / leading experts on artificial intelligence (A.I.). Mr Kurzweil (3) believes / beliefs
computers will be able to learn (4) for / from experiences, just like humans. He also thinks they will be
able to (5) speak / tell jokes and stories, and even flirt. Kurzweil's 2029 prediction is a lot (6) sooner /
early than many people thought. The scientist said that in 1999, many A.I. experts said it would (7) be/
have hundreds of years (8) before / after a computer was more intelligent than a human. He said that it
would not be (9) soon / long before computer intelligence is one billion times more powerful than the (10)
humane/ human brain.
Mr Kurzweil joked (11) that / this many years ago, people thought he was a (12) little / lot crazy for
predicting computers would be as intelligent as humans. His (13) thinking/think has stayed the same but
everyone (14) other / else has changed the way they think. He said: “My views are not (15) excessive /
radical any more. I've actually stayed consistent. It's the (16) whole / rest of the world that's changing its
view.” He (17) highlighted / lowlighted examples of high-tech things we use, see or read about every day.
These things make us believe that computers have intelligence. He said people think differently now:
“Because the (18) public / private has seen things like Siri [the iPhone's voice-recognition technology]
where you talk (19) on / to a computer; they've seen the Google (20) self-drives/ self-driving cars."
Text adapted from: https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/780837/AI-
singularity-google-cyborg-ray-kurzweil)
3. Complete each sentence with the most suitable answer by circling A, B, C or D.
1. John had great difficulty swimming. , he was an awfully good basketball player.
A. As a result B. At the same time C. However D. In addition
2. Joseph is a computer , so I'm sure he knows how to fix your notebook.
A. wonder B. partner C. masterpiece D. expert
3. The audience loudly for they enjoyed the play so much.
A. approached B. applauded C. accepted D. accused
4. The two hills and the valley formed a beautiful . With such a great view at hand, the hotel is
quite popular here.
A. breeze B. romance C. harvest D. landscape
5. You can prevent some diseases taking medicine in advance.
A. from B. for C. before D. by
6. Although he could not swim, he dived into the water with . He didn't seem afraid at all.
A. tragedy B. tightrope C. confidence D. journey
7. School over, so John goes to Tom's home to play video games.
A. is B. being C. is being D. has been
8. The more I got to know him, the I like him.
A. much B. less C. most D. best
9. Once he makes up his mind something, it's impossible to hold him back.
A. did B. doing C. to do D. done
10. His to carry out the plan was not weakened by the difficulties he met.
A. determination B. love C. violence D. solution
4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. (DRIVER) cars communicate with each other to ensure complete safety and highly
(EFFICENCY) travel.
2. An AI network can govern the (MOVE) of air and ship traffic, the (TIME) of
street lights, and climate control systems.
3. A friendly, helpful AI may (RELIEF) us of many burdens.
4. People also imagine about (PERSON) assistants, coaches and (MEDICINE) AI
which can advise us on nutrition and exercise.
5. An AI could „slave‟ (NUMBER) PCs, spread around the world, to achieve a single,
(AMBITION) aim.
6. An AI can be (PROGRAM) to do something (BENEFIT), but it develops a
(DESTRUCTION) method for achieving its goal.
7. (ARTIFICIAL) intelligent bots are becoming better and better at (MODEL)
human conversation and relationships.
8. The more (POWER) a technology becomes, the more can it be used for (MORAL)
reasons as well as good.
9. Artificial intelligence has vast potential, and its responsible (IMPLEMENT) is up to us.
10. While we consider the risks, we should also keep in mind that, on the whole,
(TECHNOLOGY) progress means better lives for everyone.
5. Complete each sentence with the most suitable answer by circling A, B, C or D.
1. Penny made her husband their house.
A. sell B. to sell C. is selling D. sells
2. I had the furniture to my house.
A. delivers B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver
3. As I have put on weight recently, I have to get the tailor my suit before my graduation
ceremony.
A. fix B. fixed C. to fixing D. to fix
4. The best thing that you can do to extend the life of your car is to have your car on a routine
basis.
A. to service B. to be serviced C. service D. serviced
5. The engineering students had the automated software the report.
A. wrote B. written C. write D. to write
6. Our English teacher has us the home work in a week.
A. does B. do C. done D. to do
7. My friends get me the quiz.
A. to take B. take C. taking D. took
8. He should get his teeth .
A. check B. checking C. checked D. to check
9. My sister me to help her to do her homework as she gave up.
A. got B. made C. had D. let
10. your newspaper delivered to your house every morning?
A. Do you make B. Do you have C. Do you get D. Have
11. Did someone you wear those ugly clothes?
A. get B. let C. make D. have
12. He often at the dry cleaner's.
A. has his suits cleaned B. has cleaned his suits
C. cleans his suits D. gets his suits clean
13. I finally the teacher to change his mind about my essay score.
A. made B. got C. have D. let
14.I would like to for me, as I'm an awful cook.
A. have my cooking B. have my cooking done
C. make my cooking C. make my cooking done
15. When your new carpet fitted?
A. have you had B. is C. did you have D. will
6. Read each situation and complete the second sentence, using the causative have.
1. I never wash my motorbike myself. I always (it / wash) by the carwash place down the
street.
2. Mai (her hair/cut short). I think it really suits her, don't you?
3. I hope it doesn‟t rain this August because we need to (the roof / repair).
4. My cousin (her ears / pierce) yesterday, so I'm going to buy her some earrings.
5. Jane wants (her photograph / take) by a professional photographer.
6. The neighbours have decided to (their house / redecorate) next month.
7. Complete the following sentences using let, make or made.
1. My father has bought a new motorbike but he doesn't anyone drive it.
2. You can't us go to the party if we don't want to.
3. At 5 o'clock in the afternoon, Minh was still playing with her friend. Her mother called her and
her to do her homework.
4. It's very hot. me give you something to drink.
5. Don't me lose my concentration! I really need to focus on my essay about artificial
intelligence.
6. I couldn't print your paper because my brother didn't me use his computer.
7. I looked so ill that my parents me stay in bed instead of going to school.
8. I'll buy that book and I'll you borrow it as soon as I've read it.
9. I hate onions because they me cry every time I chop them.
10. “I'm very tired. Can't we have a short rest?” “Yes, us sit down for a while.
C. READING
1. Complete the text with the words provided in the box.
consider with love appeal exist
whatever which never nothing much
People role-playing in online worlds buy and sell things with virtual money, but gaining virtual
wealth can be too time-consuming for the gamer who wants to buy very valuable items, such as a castle.
Thus, serious game addicts have begun doing something the online world designers probably (1)
imagined-some gamers are exchanging real-world money to buy virtual money and property
for their online worlds. Using online auction sites such as eBay.com, gamers buy and sell (2)
they need. A whole mini-economy has grown around this trade of goods.
Some of the most valuable items for sale in online worlds aren't cheap. Sometimes they are rare, (3)
makes them even more valuable. For example, (4) a nice virtual house in a prime
location. This property might cost as (5) as a new TV costs in the real world!
For the person who doesn't participate in these online worlds, the (6) must seem peculiar.
What's the attraction (7) these online worlds? Why would people spend money on something
that doesn't really (8) ?
The money being exchanged for those online swords and castles is real. The swords and castles
aren't. Absurd? Maybe. But the time and effort spent by the players is real. So is their (9) for
online worlds. It seems only the human imagination can make something out of (10) !
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gI/WkhR2v)
2. Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fit each gap by circling A, B, C or D.
More than 100 robots have been put to work at the high-tech trade fair, Expo 2005 Aichi, in Japan.
They are able to perform tasks (1) greeting visitors, performing cleanup and security, and
entertaining crowds. Robots used to be just “robotic arms” or “remote-controlled vehicles”. But
nowadays, more (2) robots are getting popular. Take Kokoro, the Expo's humanoid
receptionist, for example. The brunette “actroid” speaks Chinese, Korean, English and Japanese, and it is
(3) to look and act as human as possible. Visitors seem to like her (4) she can't
always give a straight answer. “I'm sorry, I was dreaming of Kyoshi,” she says, raising her hand to her
mouth distractedly, (5) a question she fails to understand.
Text adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7197-
japanese-robot-expo-will-wow-the-crowds/)
1. A. include B. included C. including D. to include
2. A. like-human B. human-liking C. human-liked D. human-like
3. A. willing B. designed C. determined D. used
4. A. even if B. no matter what C. whether D. if only
5. A. in memory of B. in response to C. in return for D. in favor of
3. Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fit each gap by circling A, B, C or D.
Today, with a couple of clicks, you can go anywhere in the world without leaving your computer.
So it should come as little (1) that the Internet has headlined the top 25 innovations of the past
quarter century, according to a panel of technology leaders assembled to promote inventiveness.
In creating the list, the group (2) twenty-five non-medically related technological
innovations that have become widely used since 1980. These innovations are readily recognizable by
most Americans, have had a direct impact on our everyday lives, and may also dramatically affect our
lives (3) .
The top innovation, the Web, was created by British software consultant Tim Berners-Lee. (4)
by the multitude of information systems requiring complicated access, Berners-Lee fashioned a
universal one that made information readily (5) . He created HTML (hypertext markup
language) and its rule of usage (HTTP, hypertext transfer protocol). In 1991 he unveiled the World Wide
Web. Today, this No. 1 invention has become so commonplace that it is almost taken for granted.
Text adapted from: http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/01/03/cnn25.top25.innovations/
1. A. agreement B. surprise C. belief D. concern
2. A. turned down B. took over C. singled out D. gave in
3. A. for a moment B. in the future C. from then on D. at that time
4. A. Angry B. Distressed C. Upset D. Frustrated
5. A. available B. unforgettable C. important D. consistent
4. Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fit each gap by circling A, B, C or D.
The Internet has replaced books as a major source of information for Taiwanese primary school
students, according to a recent survey. The survey was conducted last December, and it (1) that
77 percent of the students considered the Internet to be the most convenient source of information. 14
percent of the respondents said they often (2) books for information instead of going online. Of
all the students surveyed, 27 percent said they had never used the (3) .
The survey randomly selected 4,200 students in 26 primary schools in (4) parts of Taiwan
to investigate their reading habits. A total of 4,017 questionnaires were properly (5) by the
respondents.
According to the survey, five percent of the school children indicated that they did not read any (6)
reading materials. Of those who read such materials, 25 percent liked to read comics, 20
percent fables and stories, 15 percent books on natural sciences, and 12.3 percent books on technology.
The survey (7) indicated that 45 percent of the school children read at least five books every
month; (8) 45 percent of them read less than three per month.
Text adapted from: https://tablets-textbooks.procon.org/
1. A. explored B. put C. knew D. found
2. A. used up B. went off C. turned to D. made into
3. A. respondents B. survey C. books D. net
4. A. various B. convenient C. range D. routine
5. A. taken in B. given off C. filled out D. picked on
6. A. extracurricular B. comic C. technology D. story
7. A. thus B. for instance C. otherwise D. further
8. A. other B. another C. others' D. the other's
5. Read the text and choose the most suitable word to fit each gap by circling A, B, C or D.
In many ways, the Internet is like a huge information center. You can use it to (1) almost
any library around the world. You can (2) thousands of on-line books, magazines and
newspapers.
The Internet is also excellent for communication. (3) your interest is, you can find a
discussion group online to join. In addition, e-mail (4) a convenient way to send messages on
the Internet for the past few years. And now students choose social medias to exchange information right
away, (5) they were talking face to face. (6) special equipment, you can even talk to
each other and see each other through the Internet.
The Internet can help people in many other ways as well. (7) going to their real offices in
different countries, workers of international companies can work in virtual offices with computers (8)
to each other. Doctors can even see (9) and give advice through the Internet. The
Internet has really made the world smaller.
1. A. get B. arrive C. link D. access
2. A. choose from B. get over C. share with D. hand in
3. A. No matter B. Whatever C. Whether D. However
4. A. became B. had become C. has become D. becomes
5. A. as if B. the same as C. like D. even if
6. A. On B. In C. By D. With
7. A. Instead of B. Besides C. Other than D. By
8. A. linking B. to link C. that link D. linked
9. A. webcams B. scanners C. patients D. printers
6. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Even though she's just 5 years old, Cindy Smart speaks five languages. She's a good reader. She can
tell time and do simple math, including multiplication and division. She's not a prodigy. She's just good
programming. Cindy looks like an average doll, with long, blond hair, baby-blue eyes, and a button nose.
But loaded with some devices, Cindy is the first doll that can see, think, and do as she's told.
The eagle-eyed Cindy follows in the path of other breakthrough toys like Sony's barking Robot
Aibo, which was the first to popularize voice command in the late 1990s. Cindy takes Aibo's innovations
one step beyond: she not only follows instructions but also recognizes shapes, colors, and words-and
remembers. The effect is a doll that appears to be learning.
The toy company which produced Cindy Smart spent a decade trying to see how much human
nature it could breathe into an inanimate object. Its engineers began researching basic and affordable
artificial intelligence, creating minibots that sense light, sounds, and pressure. However, without the sense
of sight, their toys seemed to be lacking one of the keenest abilities that life forms use to react to their
environment.
So how do the engineers make a doll actually see? In Cindy's case, it's a multistep process. When
presented a text like “I love you” and asked “Can you read this?” Cindy identifies it as one of 70
preprogrammed commands. Then the inbuilt digital camera scans a 15-degree radius in search of number-
or letter-shaped objects. Buried in her belly, Cindy's 16-bit microprocessor compares the text with her
database of 700 words. If it's a match, “I love you,” she utters.
1. This passage most likely appears in a .
A. medical report B. classified ad C. science journal D. music magazine
2. What is true about Cindy Smart?
A. She is as smart as a 5 year old. B. She is a child genius.
C. She is an average doll. D. She is an interactive toy.
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about Robot Aibo?
A. It could recognize shapes and colors.
B. It could respond to spoken commands.
C. It was put on the market no later than 1990.
D. It was created much later than Cindy Smart.
4. The pronoun it in the fourth paragraph most likely refers to .
A. the process B. the object C. the radius D. the request
5. According to the passage, how can Cindy “see”?
A. She recognizes any text as “I love you.”
B. She is equipped with a camera to search for text.
C. She is instructed by an engineer standing next to her.
D. She makes contact with the shapes of the text with her belly.
7. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
The word "robot" comes from the Czech word for slave and first appeared in the 1920 play RUR by
Karel Capek. The West has continued to think of robots as slaves or tools, but Japan took a more playful
approach. Its robots descend from centuries-old automatons operated with clockwork-type mechanisms.
Most famous of these was the tea-serving doll. For Japanese, robots are partners for people. In Japanese
animation, robots such as Astro Boy aim to help mankind. Robots may be state-of-the-art technology, but
they still touch the human heart.
Japan's mechanical dolls, or karakuri ningyo, are said to have come from China. The Edo period
(1603-1867) brought development of a true clockwork-doll culture. Diagrams for a tea-serving doll,
archetype of the clockwork figures that were Japan's earliest robots, can be found in Karakuri Zui written
by Hanzo Yorinao Hosokawa in 1796. This book is an early guide to mechanical devices. In its pages the
late Masanori Takashina, the seventh doll artisan to inherit the name Tamaya Shobei, found the
instructions he needed to recreate the wondrous tea-serving doll.
According to Shoji Takashina, the ninth and current Tamaya Shobei, the performances of most
mechanical dolls depend on input from the viewer, at least to some extent. “The action does not involve
any changes in expression. Parts such as the eyes and mouth do not move. For example, the movement of
the boy archer consists of shooting four arrows. People believe that if an arrow hits the target
successfully, they see the boy's face appear triumphant; if it misses, he looks embarrassed,” Shoji
Takashina says.
How can that be? Takashina goes on to explain: “The subtle movements of the boy's head and the
play of light and shadow are designed to convey his emotions to the person watching. Why should the
expression of a doll that's repeating the same action look different when he hits or misses the target? The
answer lies in the emotions of the observer. If the doll succeeds in hitting the target, we applaud him. If he
misses, we will him to hit it next time. We become involved with the action.”
Children dolls play an important part in Mechanical dolls, although they are made with the adult
proportions deemed attractive in a doll. This is primarily because the movements of children readily draw
our attention and play on our emotions. Modern-day robots too, while possessing technology that makes
them look and act much more like human beings than before, often resemble children in form or face, or
both. A person watching the childlike actions and expressions of such a robot will develop positive
feelings toward it.
Thanks to state-of-the-art technology, the capabilities of robots are evolving every day, and it is
increasingly possible to make them move in ways even closer to the actions of humans. The robots of
Japan, however, also always generate the emotions of humans in their company. They are partners to the
Japanese people. Robots that appeal to human emotions are true heirs of the karakuri ningyo tradition.
Text adapted from: http://archive.is/zlPwZ
1. What is the BEST title for this article?
A. The Evolution of State-of-the-art Robots
B. From Karakuri Ningyo to Modern-day Robot: Japan's Playful Partners
C. Robot's Dominant Role in the Future World
D. Rediscovering the Lost Art of Making a Karakuri Ningyo
2. Which of the following statement about the word "robot" is true?
A. It comes from a novel.
B. It originates from an ancient Chinese word.
C. It originally meant master.
D. It was first coined in the early 20 th century.
3. Japanese people think robots .
A. are merely slaves that serve human beings
B. appeal to people not because of their forms or appearances but because of their skills
C. might do harm rather than good to our lives.
D. are created and inspire us with a human touch
4. According to the article, which statement is NOT TRUE?
A. Japanese take a more positive attitude toward robots than westerners.
B. To get the instructions for making a tea-serving doll, we can refer to the book, Karakuri Zui.
C. Karakuri ningyo's performances mainly depend on the changes in expression.
D. The reason children mechanic dolls are commonly used is that they win people's affection easily.
D.WRITING
1. Rewrite the following sentences using the causatives get or make.
1. I said: “Please, mum, give me £5!”

2. My father said: “You should go to bed early this evening. You look very tired.”

3. They said: “Don't drink too much wine or you'll get drunk!”

4. I said to him: “Would you be so kind as to buy a newspaper for me?”

5. The teacher said to the students: “You have to finish your essay before ten o'clock!”

6. The doctor said to me: “You'd better stay in bed for a couple of days before going out.”

7. Mum said to us: “Wash your hands before having lunch!”

8. The boss said: “Miss Smith, could you send these e-mails for me?”
2. Rewrite these sentences without changing their meaning. Use make, let or get.
1. An persuaded her parents to buy her a robotic doll.

2. Suong's bad exam results caused her parents to shout at her.

3. Phong's father forced him to study all weekend.

4. Jane's big brother persuaded her to do his chores for him.

5. Richard's parents don't permit him to watch TV after nine o'clock.

6. Jack's parents allow him to join a Robotic Club at school.

3. Write an essay about the disadvantages of intelligent machines, using the prompts given if
needed.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence:
• High cost
• No replicating humans
• No improvement with experience
• No original creativity
• Unemployment
Essay:
 ANSWER KEY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5.A 6. B 7.D 8. C 9. C 10. D
2 - Mark: Honey, I'm home!
- Belle: Hi! How are you? How was your day at work?
- Mark: It was great! I got a promotion! I'll have more responsibilities in the office, but the best news
is that I'll have more money at the end of each month.
- Belle: That's great! Congratulations! I'm really happy.
- Mark: Unfortunately, I have to go to a conference this weekend so I won't be able to go to dinner
with your parents this Friday. Sorry to let you down.
- Belle: You're sorry? You're sorry?!?! I'm afraid “sorry” isn't good enough. I've already told them
you're going, Mark!
- Mark: I know, I know. And I am sorry about it. But as long as you have the chance to see them it's
okay, right?
- Belle: Fine. But we're going to dinner with them next Friday. No excuses.
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 1. e 2. d 3. b 4. f 5.c 6. a
7. genius 8. Synthetic 9. threat 10. surpassing
11. moral compass 12. artificial
2 1. intelligent 2. leading 3. believes 4. from 5. tell
6. sooner 7. be 8. before 9. long 10. Human
11. this 12. little 13. thinking 14. else 15. radical
16. rest 17. highlighted 18. public 19. to 20. self-driving
3 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5.D 6. C 7.A 8. B 9. C 10. A
4 1. Driverless; efficient 2. movement; timing 3. relieve
4. personal; medical 5. numerous; ambitious
6. programmed; beneficial; destructive 7. Artificially; modelling
8. powerful; immoral 9. implementation 10. Technological
5 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 5.C 6. B 7.A 8. C 9. A 10. B
11. C 12. A 13. B 14. B 15.D
6 1. have it washed 2. has had her hair cut short
3. have the roof repaired 4. had her ears pierced
5. to have her photograph taken 6. have their house redecorated
7 1. let 2. make 3. made 4. Let 5. make
6. let 7. let/made 8. let 9. make 10. Let
C. READING
1 1. never 2. whatever 3. which 4. consider 5. much
6. appeal 7. with 8. exist 9. love 10. Nothing
2 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B
3 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A
4 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B
5 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C
6 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B
7 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B
D. WRITING
1 1. I got my mother to give me £5.
2. My father made me go to bed early.
3. They got me not to drink too much wine.
4. I got him to buy a newspaper for me.
5. The teacher made the students finish their essay before ten o'clock.
6. The doctor made me stay in bed for a couple of days.
7. Mum made us wash our hands before having lunch.
8. The boss got Miss Smith to send some e-mails for him.
2 1. An got her parents to buy her a robotic doll.
2. Suong's bad exam results made her parents shout at her.
3. Phong's father made him study all weekend.
4. Jane's big brother got her to do his chores for him.
5. Richard's parents don't let him watch TV after 9 o'clock.
6. Jack's parents let him join a Robotic Club at school.
3 Model answer
Creation of artificial intelligence requires huge costs as they are very complex machines. Their
repair and maintenance require huge costs. In the case of severe breakdowns, the procedure to recover
lost codes and re-instating the system might require huge time and cost.
Intelligence is believed to be a gift of nature. An ethical argument continues, whether human
intelligence is to be replicated or not. Machines do not have any emotions and moral values. They
perform what is programmed and cannot make the judgment of right or wrong.
Unlike humans, artificial intelligence cannot be improved with experience. With time, it can lead to
wear and tear. It stores a lot of data but the way it can be accessed and used is very different from human
intelligence. Care or concerns are not present in the machine intelligence dictionary. There is no sense of
belonging or togetherness or a human touch.
Do you want creativity or imagination? These are not the forte of artificial intelligence. While they
can help you design and create, they are no match for the power of thinking that the human brain has or
even the originality of a creative mind.
Replacement of humans with machines can lead to large scale unemployment. Unemployment is a
socially undesirable phenomenon. People with nothing to do can lead to the destructive use of their
creative minds.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/U3uirW)
 Unit 8 THE WORLD OF WORK
A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the other three by circling A, B, C, or D.
1. A. applicant B. candidate C. demonstrate D. tuition
2. A. shortlist B. survive C. unique D. apply
3. A. entrepreneur B. perseverance C. documentary D. academic
4. A. administrator B. generosity C. approachable D. articulate
5. A. trailer B. tailor C. recruit D. native
6. A. dealership B. vulnerable C. specialise D. apprentice
7. A. cluttered B. colleague C. extinct D. vital
8. A. prioritise B. generosity C. potential D. ethnicity
9. A. qualification B. anonymous C. compassionate D. rhinoceros
10. A. barista B. probation C. inherit D. represent
2. Underline the stressed words in the following sentences. Then, practice saying them with a
partner. Pay attention to the stressed auxiliary verbs and modal auxiliaries.
1. Please write me a recommendation letter if you can.
2. - You forgot to turn off the lights.
- I did turn off the lights.
3. I couldn't get the job I wanted, but I did get an offer for another one.
4. He isn't very good at his job, but she is.
5. I can work under pressure if I must.
6. She wasn't qualified for the job last year, but she is now.
7. You must write emails to customers all day.
8. I can't ask the boss to give me a day off.
9. - Do come to my dinner party tomorrow night.
- I'll come if I can.
10. I would give you the interview questions if I could.
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. Complete each sentence with the most suitable words by circling A, B, C or D.
1. He is well-liked by his co-workers because he has a(n) personality.
A. bubbly B. talkative C. annoying D. anxious
2. During her career, she has worked in well-known retail stores as a sales .
A. waitress B. associate C. helper D. officer
3. In order to become a successful lawyer, you need to try your best to defend your .
A. guests B. customers C. criminals D. clients
4. The job market is very in our country.
A. competitive B. dangerous C. risky D. crowded
5. Larry has been working hard, so his boss is considering giving him a .
A. progression B. salary C. promotion D. rise
6. His responsibility as the team leader is to other workers to give their best.
A. motivate B. force C. advance D. insist
7. List down only your work experiences that are to the job description of the position you are
applying for.
A. relating B. relative C. relate D. relevant
8. All applicants need to send in a along with their application letter.
A. degree B. credential C. CV D. document
9. I love working freelance because it allows me the opportunity to work .
A. flexible B. flexitime C. flexed D. flexihours
10. To work at big companies such as Google or IBM, you need to have good .
A. certificate B. degree C. qualification D. major
2. Complete the text with the correct form of the words from the box.
firm develop strength prepare interview
impression positive advantage advance resist
Are you a high school student getting ready for a job (1) ? It can be challenging when you
haven't done it before, but putting your best foot forward during the interview is a critical step towards
landing a great job during high school, and a valuable skill to (2) for the future. Here are
some tips to help you to take (3) of every interviewing opportunity.
- Arrive for your interview about 15 minutes in (4) .
- First (5) have a high impact.
- Greet the interviewer with a (6) but not crushing handshake, a warm smile and look them in
the eye.
- Turn your cell phone off or to vibrate, and (7) the temptation to take a peek at any time
before, during or after the meeting, when you are in view of the interviewer.
- Exude energy, enthusiasm and a (8) attitude at all times.
- Take inventory of your (9) prior to the interview.
- At the end of the interview, be (10) to ask a few questions about the job.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/KhWyuB)
3. Find the mistake in each sentence by circling A, B, C or D.
1. Mary said she can't come down and she asked to be helped.
A B C D
2. Boy told the teacher that he didn't understand.
A B C D
3. The boss asked us whether we had seen where we left his briefcase.
A B C D
4. Angelina wonder where the karate competition would be.
A B C D
5. The children said they would miss me and asked me to coming back soon.
A B C D
6. My friend informed us that school was over so they were going on vacation.
A B C D
7. My teacher offered look over my resume before I submitted them.
A B C D
8. My friend advised me not to working at a bar.
A B C D
9. The man asked where his friends have gone the previous night.
A B C D
10. My friends asked the teacher to an extension on their homework.
A B C D
4. Complete the sentences with the correct answer by circling A or B.
1. Peter advised Ann procrastinating on her homework.
A. to stop B. stop
2. Mom Tom to study more or he would not get dessert.
A. advised B. warned
3. Kelsy Ron to apply for the volunteer position with her.
A. offered B. asked
4. Peter to help Becky with her rehearsal.
A. advised B. offered
5. Mai her son not to eat so fast.
A. advised B. warned
6. Carly Jill to go shopping with her.
A. asked B. offered
7. Linh to do the housework for her mom.
A. advised B. offered
8. Jake Diana not to drink so much alcohol.
A. offered B. advised
9. Karina her sister to wear a more formal outfit for her job interview.
A. told B. offered
10. Anne her colleague not to lie to the boss.
A. suggested B. advised
5. Complete each sentence with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D.
1. My grandfather got on the number 205 bus last night; he should have taken the number 250
bus.
A. out of power B. in trouble C. by mistake D. in anger
2. The key to success diligence and perseverance, not fortune.
A. consists of B. lies in C. comes of D. makes up
3. I like the nature of the job, I don't like the salary.
A. While B. Since C. Despite D. As
4. Bob in his report, but his computer didn't work properly last night.
A. would turn B. would have turned
C. could not turn D. had turned
5. On entering the classroom, the teacher found comic books and newspapers all over the floor.
A. scattering B. had scattered C. which scattered D. scattered
6. The twins look so much alike that people often mistaken one .
A. for the other B. with the other C. with another D. for another
7. Heidi was lying on the grass, on her face.
A. the sun shone B. and the sun shining
C. with the sun shone D. the sun shining
8. Paris is a beautiful European city .
A. worth to visit B. worthy of visiting C. worthwhile to visit D. worth visiting
9. Jane an application letter since 6am, but she hasn't finished it yet.
A. has been written B. has written C. has been writing D. wrote
10. People are about to go in for an interview often seem very nervous.
A. who B. which C. whose D. for whom
C. READING
1. Complete the text with the most suitable words by circling A, B, C or D.
Imagine if you had information on thousands of non-profit agencies looking for volunteers
anywhere nationwide, and also were able to choose how much time to spend, the type of cause you want
to support, and set your own hours for volunteering. It would be (1) to find a reason not to
volunteer, wouldn't it?
Whether you can spend 8 hours a week or 8 minutes; whether you live in the mountains on an
island, or on the plains; whether you want to support the environment or social issues, there are thousands
of opportunities (2) on VolunteerMatch.
VolunteerMatch is a non-profit website that (3) as a clearinghouse for organizations
needing individuals to volunteer and volunteers looking for organizations who can use their skills and
experience.
Any non-profit organization can list an unlimited number of volunteer opportunities on
VolunteerMatch. Volunteers can search by interest, date and keyword to (4) a personally
customized list. Once an opportunity of choice is found, the interested volunteer simply clicks on it to
contact the organization and get involved.
Non-profit organizations find VolunteerMatch an easy and (5) way to connect with
volunteers. One example is NetMentors.Org. “We have found the convenience factor to be a big driver in
finding volunteers for our program,” says James Green, executive director. “And that's on both (6)
.”
NetMentors.Org provides career development mentoring to at-risk youth. It‟s free to students and
allows them an opportunity to gather “real life” information in careers as (7) as law, information
technology, medicine or any other area where mentors can provide expertise. Currently, it reaches
students nationwide through (8) with several major universities and business schools.
Mentors participate via e-mail from all over the nation and can devote as much - or as little - time as
they'd like. “If you can only (9) 10 minutes a week, that can be enough time to e-mail a student
and answer some questions,” Green says. This flexibility benefits the students, as well. “By taking (10)
of the Internet, volunteering doesn't have to be a big, complicated commitment.”
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gI/sGMCm2)
1. A. easy B. hard C. complex D. crucial
2. A. list B. waiting C. display D. awaited
3. A. defined B. considers C. serves D. shows
4. A. stimulate B. inspire C. support D. generate
5. A. efficient B. influential C. slow D. powerful
6. A. ways B. sides C. perspectives D. people
7. A. diverse B. different C. big D. wide
8. A. scholarships B. companionships C. partnerships D. friendships
9. A. cost B. take C. get D. spare
10. A. development B. increase C. advantage D. profit
2. Read the following text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Astronauts often work 16 hours a day on the space shuttle in order to complete all the projects set
out for the mission. From space, astronauts study the geography, pollution, and weather patterns on Earth.
They take many photographs to record their observations. Also, astronauts conduct experiments on the
shuttle to learn how space conditions, such as microgravity, affect humans, animals, plants, and insects.
Besides working, regular exercise is essential to keep the astronauts healthy in microgravity.
Astronauts sometimes go outside the shuttle to work. They are protected by a space suit from the
radiation of the Sun. Meanwhile, the space suit provides necessary oxygen supply and keeps the
astronauts from feeling the extreme heat or cold outside the shuttle.
When the mission is over, the crew members get ready to return to Earth. The shuttle does not use
its engines for a landing. It glides through the atmosphere. When the shuttle touches the ground, a drag
parachute opens to steady the aircraft, get the speed right, and help the brakes on the landing-gear wheels
to bring it to a complete stop.
(Text adapted from:https://goo.gl/gLkSKn)
1. The passage is mainly about .
A. how astronauts fly the space shuttle B. how a space mission is completed
C. how a space shuttle is constructed D. how far astronauts travel in space
2. The word conduct in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. behave B. instruct C. serve as D. carryout
3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The astronauts need a space suit to work outside the shuttle.
B. The astronauts keep themselves warm in a space suit.
C. The astronauts need a space suit to survive in space.
D. The astronauts can hardly breathe in a space suit.
4. A parachute needs to be opened because it can .
A. slow down the shuttle
B. stop the shuttle from falling
C. make the shuttle get closer to Earth
D. help the shuttle glide through the atmosphere
3. Read the five job advertisements below. For each statement, write an answer A, B, C, D or D.
A. Do you have the ability to care for others? Can you understand how older people feel? Are you a good
communicator? Do you have good listening skills? Can you work weekends?
If you have answered YES to the above, we would like to hear from you:
- Starting rate of £8.56 per hour
- Free uniform
- Excellent training
B. Trainee hairdresser
Full Time – 40 hours per week
Permanent
Brighton City Centre
Learn from some of the best hairdressers in the world!
You will work 40 hours a week Monday to Saturday. Your responsibilities will include: welcoming
clients, washing hair, bringing coffee and tea to customers, and keeping the salon clean and tidy at all
times.
No previous experience is necessary.
Please apply NOW!
Cathycut-above.brighton.com

C. Wowee Magazine
Writers wanted!
Wowee Magazine is looking for writers for its website. Pay is based on the number of people who read
your articles. You may also receive free tickets to events and free products to test. This is a great
opportunity to get valuable work experience.
We want people who are:
chatty interesting
passionate skilled
Contact us at info@wowee.com
D. CALLING ALL MODELS
Think you could be a model? If so, we’d like to meet you!
Working as a successful fashion model isn't easy but it is very exciting and could be a great opportunity.
Girls should be over 16 with a minimum height of 172 cm and boys should have a minimum height of
182 cm. If you are under 16 and do not yet have the required height, we would still be interested in
meeting you, but you must bring a parent.
info@top-model-agency.uk
E. WORK FOR COFFEE BEANS
Join Britain‟s number one café at Coffee Beams, where every cafe has the same aims; to create
family-like teams and to give excellent customer service
Many different kinds of people come and work with us, so start your career at COFFEE BEANS
today:
 - choose the hours you work
- get management experience
- share your love of coffer
Join us as a Team Member Assistant Manage or Cafe Manager, depending on your skills and
experience.
Email us at jobs@ coffeebearts.co.uk
(Text retrieved from: https://goo.gl/H3MNxA)
1. Which job allows the worker to choose their work hours?
2. Which job requires work on Saturday?
3. Which job advertisement gives the pay rate?
4. Which job will provide training?
5. Which job requires experience and skills?
6. Which job has an age requirement?
7. Which job pays according to work performance?
8. Which job requires work with customers?
9. Which job provides opportunities to go to shows?
10. Which job asks for certain physical traits?
4. Read the following job advertisements and answer the questions below.
A. Seeking qualified person for front desk position of a day spa. Individual must be organized, be able to
multi task, be dependable & have great customer service skills. Prior experience is at plus. Candidate
must be able to think on their feet w/o a lot of supervision.
B. You are requested to answer calls, made on an infrequent basis, acting as a representative for our
company. You only need to state this once asked, and to note down the contact information of the caller,
You will be paid £5 for each call received.
Compensation: £5 per phone call
C. Looking for 2 motivated, friendly, compass ionate people who love animals. Duties include cleaning
cages/runs/hospital, stocking supplies, bathing animals, administering medication, preparing laboratory
samples for pickup and assisting veterinarians with exams. Weekdays, nights and weekends (both
Saturday and Sunday) are available. New employees will need to work weekends.
Salary offered is $12.00/hr.
D. Must own LARGE VAN (Transit 4M sprinter etc with courier and goods in transit insurance. Duties
are loading parcels onto vehicles. Organising into post code order and deliveries between 80 to 100 stops
per day + collection. To apply telephone 07944 838768 and ask for Simon.
E. Responsibilities will include: dropping off and picking up from school, play and care, some household
chores. You will have free time from 9am to 3pm every day, and full weekends, when you can do
anything of your choice. We live in a spacious house in North London (Zone 3). If you have worked with
children before and can commit for a minimum of 6mouths please get in touch. References and checks
may be carried oat.
 (Text retrieved from gumtree.com)
Match the adverts to the jobs below by writing A, B, C, D or E in the space provided.
1. Veterinary help
2. Receptionist
3. Courier/Delivery person
4. Secretary
5. Nanny/Babysitter
Match the jobs to the descriptions below.
You should be able to work during Saturdays and Sundays. 6.
This job is for not less than half a year. 7.
You should have your car for this job. 8.
You should be self-reliant in this job. 9.
More than one person can apply for this job. 10.
You only get money in this job when you do one specific thing. 11.
You should contact a man to get this job. 12.
It would be great if you had a job like this one before. 13. 14.
You will be helping a doctor in this job. 15.
Match the each word/phrase to its closest meaning.
16. qualified A. duties at home
17. organized B. answer telephone
18. compassionate C. ordered
19. household chores D. give out drugs
20. prior E. supporting
21. administer medication F. kind
22. receive a call G. tasks
23. responsibilities H. skilled
24. spacious I. large
25. assisting J. earlier
5. Read the text and answer the questions below.
If you are at Changi Airport and you are in trouble, never fear, Winston's here. Mr Winston Yip, 32,
is a Changi Experience Agent, essentially a customer service officer who looks for travelers who seem
lost or need assistance.
You might see him showing transit passengers around the airport‟s swimming pool and butterfly
garden, or pointing first-time arrivals in Singapore to where the baggage claim is.
In the last year since he has joined Changi Airport, he has helped numerous travelers, such as a
family from Prague, the Czech Republic, who were stuck in the airport for two days because they did not
have visas to their next location.
Their airline would not allow them to board their plane, so they wandered around the airport until
they approached Mr Yip at an information counter on the second day. He provided them with food and
water and, as they could not speak English, used Goggle Translate to communicate with them and get
more information about their flight. Thanks to his help, they eventually returned home safely to Prague.
 Though it is only his first year as a Changi Experience Agent, he has interacted with more people
from all walks of life than he did in his past 10 years at a call centre.
“You feel good after helping travelers. You just have to look at their faces of joy and relief when
you say they can go home safely. This is why I really love my job!” said Mr Yip.
Of course, every job is not without its challenges. When asked about the hardest part of his job, Mr
Yip said, “(The hardest part of the job is when) you really want to help a passenger but it is not within
your means.”
“You feel sad for them but there is nothing you can do - just provide a listening ear, comfort them
and give them options.”
(Text adapted from https://goo.gl/BnyW5p)
1. What is Mr Winston Yip's job and what is his job essentially about?

2. Why did the family from Prague need Mr Yip's help?

3. How did Mr Yip communicate with the family from Prague?

4. What did Mr Yip work as before taking up his current job at Changi Airport?

5. Does Mr Yip love his job? Why?

6. Which phrase in the passage has the same meaning as „hear and pay attention’?

D. WRITING
1. Rewrite the each sentence so that it has the same meaning.
1. The boss: “Be silent because I'm working.”
The boss asked us
2. Sarah: “How many CVs can you write?
Sarah asked me
3. The girl: “Are you going to your interview?”
The girl asked me
4. The children: “What did the teacher give us for homework?”
The children wondered
5. Her mom: “Don't make a mess.”
Her mom told her
6. The teacher: “What kind of part-time job do you like?”
The teacher asked
7. The man: “Can you take a picture for us?”
The man asked me
8. Michael to Sarah: “Which job will you apply for?”
Michael asked Sarah
9. Jake: “Did you see where I left my application letter?”
Jake asked us
10. Amanda: “Where will the career fair be?”
Amanda wondered
2. Report what each person said.
1. Sam: Ben, you'd better not yell at your employees.
Sam advised
2. Ally: Lyn, you'd better get some help with the company's report.
Ally advised
3. Selma: Ross and Jake, don't drink and drive or you may have an accident.
Selma told
4. Phillip: Sam, you should go on a diet.
Phillip told
5. Harry: Ron, you'd better not work so much while in school.
Harry advised
6. Phong: Lucy, I'd write the application letter tomorrow if I were you. It's almost the deadline.
Phong advised
7. Chau: Huyen, do you need some help?
Chau offered
8. Ann: Ella, go see the doctor. You look awful.
Ann asked
9. Phuong: Leo, pay attention when walking on the street.
Phuong told
10. Teacher: Tom, pay attention to the explanation!
The teacher asked
3. Look back at the five job advertisements in the Reading section, Exercise 3. Choose a job that
you would like to apply for and write a CV accordingly.
 ANSWER KEY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5.C 6. D 7.C 8. B 9. A 10. D
2 1. Please write me a recommendation letter if you can.
2. - You forgot to turn off the lights.
- I did turn off the lights.
3. I couldn't get the job I wanted, but I did get an offer for another one.
4. He isn't very good at his job, but she is.
5. I can work under pressure if I must.
6. She wasn't qualified for the job last year, but she is now.
7. You must write emails to customers all day.
8. I can't ask the boss to give me a day off.
9. - Do come to my dinner party tomorrow night.
- I'll come if I can.
10. I would give you the interview questions if I could.
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5.C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C
2 1. interview 2. develop 3. advantage 4. advance 5. impressions
6. firm 7. resist 8. positive 9. strengths 10. prepared
3 1. A 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. B
4 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B
5 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. A
C. READING
1 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. C
2 l. B 2.D 3. D 4. A
3 1. E 2. A; B 3. A 4. A; B 5. C; E
6. D 7. C 8. B; E 9. C 10. D
4 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. E
6. C 7. E 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. E 15. C
16. H 17. C 18. F 19. A 20. J 21. D 22. B 23. G 24. I 25. E
5 1. Mr Yip is a Changi Experience Agent. His job is essentially to look for travellers who seem lost or
need assistance.
2. They needed his help because they were stuck in Changi Airport for two days as they did not have
visas to their next location.
3. He used Google Translate to communicate with them.
4. He worked at a call centre before.
5. Yes, he does. He feels good after helping travellers.
6. It is “provide a listening ear”.
D. WRITING
1 1. to be silent because he/she was working.
 2. how many CVs I could write
3. if/whether I was going to my interview
4. what the teacher had given them for homework
5. not to make a mess
6. what kind of part-time job I liked
7. if/whether I could take a picture for them
8. which job she would apply for
9. if/whether we had seen where he left his application letter
10. where the career fair would be.
2 1. Ben not to yell at his employees.
2. Lyn to get some help with the company's report.
3. Ross and Jake not to drink and drive or they might have an accident.
4. Sam that he go on a diet.
5. Ron not to work so much while in school.
6. Lucy to write the application letter the next day because it was almost the deadline.
7. Huyen some help.
8. Ella to see the doctor because she looked awful.
9. Leo to pay attention when he walked on the street.
10. Tom to pay attention to the explanation.
3 Model answer: CV for advertisement E.
Personal details
Name: Mai Nguyen
Address: 77 Hung Vuong, Quy Nhon City
Mobile: 0391739384
mainguyen123@email.com
Education and qualifications
2017-2020: Nguyen Hue Upper Secondary School
2013-2017: Thong Nhat Lower Secondary School
2009-2013: Thuan Thanh Primary School
Work experience
2016-2017: waitress (part-time), Ceci's Bar and Restaurant
Responsibilities
- Greet and seat customers
- Take orders
- Wait on guests
- Clean up
Achievements:
- Received Third prize in the City's English Contest
- Received “Staff of the month” award
Skills
- English - Advanced level
- French - Intermediate level
- First Aid certification
- Experience in Adobe Photoshop and Excel
 TEST YOURSELF UNITS 6, 7 & 8
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1.
A. extinct B. danger C. evolve D. survive
Question 2.
A. incredible B. exterminate C. entrepreneur D. prioritise
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 3.
A. algorithm B. envelope C. dough D. poach
Question 4.
A. churches B. services C. passages D. techniques
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following
exchanges.
Question 5. Linda is talking to Ruth about Ruth's new shirt.
Linda: “I really like your shirt. It looks great on you.”
Ruth: “ ”
A. Really? Thanks! B. No, I doubt it.
C. Do you want it? D. Yes, that's right.
Question 6. Jake is talking to Michael about Michael's help.
Jake: “ ”
Michael: “You're welcome!”
A. That's nice, Michael. B. I don't need your help.
C. It was nice of you to help me. D. Don't mention it.
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
Question 7. Robots with artificial intelligence can compute at an incredible speed.
A. unimaginable B. reasonable C. distinguished D. great
Question 8. The delicate ecosystem is vulnerable to destruction if pollution continues at this rate.
A. prone B. exposed C. critical D. guarded
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
Question 9. Changing the battery has resurrected the computer's efficiency.
A. encouraged B. ruined C. revived D. stimulated
Question 10. The famous model was actually recruited when she was walking in a shopping mall.
A. employed B. enlisted C. drafted D. fired
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 11. The hundreds of millions of people who live on the border of poverty with the
threat of starvation now.
A. are faced B. had faced C. had been faced D. faced
Question 12. You achieve anything unless you hard.
A. wouldn't, tried B. wouldn't, try C. won't, try D. won't, tried
Question 13.I usually go to the museum when I spare time.
A. have B. was having C. had D. has had
Question 14. Sue didn't study math at university, but sometimes she talks about it as if she an
expert on the subject.
A. had been B. were C. is D. has been
Question 15. Unless Mary the projects on time, she her job.
A. does, loses B. does, will lose C. will do, loses D. did, loses
Question 16. When I him two weeks ago, he told me that he had returned from the South of
France.
A. met B. have met C. will be met D. may be met
Question 17. As education, culture and the level of income better, needs also expand and reach
new dimensions.
A. got B. get C. getting D. to get
Question 18. New methods of carbon dating show that the first Katu people there at least
25,000 years earlier than thought.
A. must be settled B. should be settled C. can settle D. may have settled
Question 19. I am feeling good. If I tired, I would have gone home.
A. had been B. were C. has been D. am
Question 20. Janet looks she did.
A. more thin than B. thinner than C. as thinner as D. so thin as
Question 21. It's very cold outside today. In fact, it feels as if it .
A. is going to snow B. snowed C. has snowed D. won't snow
Question 22. We've had we don't think we can stay in business.
A. such difficulties B. so difficulties that
C. so difficulties D. such difficulties that
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.
There are various reasons why English has come to occupy the important position (23)
today. The English language has few dialects, which gives it the advantage of being a standard language.
(24) , English is very exact. It has few of the ambiguities that are found in many other modern
tongues. This (25) it ideal for the transaction of business and international affairs. The biggest
drawback to English as a universal language, however, is its difficult pronunciation. Moreover, the many
exceptions to the rules of the English language make it difficult to (26) . In spite of that, the
satisfaction of being able to speak this (27) used language makes the study of English well
worth one's while.
Text adapted from:
http://www.open.edu/openlearn/ocw/mod/oucontent/view.php?printable=l&id=5907
Question 23.
A. it does B. as it is C. as it were D. as it does
Question 24.
A. For example B. First of all C. In addition D. Therefore
Question 25.
A. causes B. remains C. inspires D. makes
Question 26.
A. master B. command C. communicate D. be proficient
Question 27.
A. orally B. widely C. exclusively D. barely
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions from 28 to 34.
The fate of the British Cruise Liner "Titanic" is one of the great disaster stories of the twentieth
century. It is a story that has been retold over the years, written about in history books and made into
Hollywood movies. It is so famous that it has become a piece of modern folklore.
The Titanic was built to be the world's largest ship at a time when shipping was the main method of
global transportation. When the ship was launched, it became the attention of world media. The designer
of the Titanic, a man called Thomas Andrews, built the hull of the Titanic with sixteen watertight
compartments. Because three of these compartments could be flooded without endangering the ship,
many people believed the Titanic was unsinkable.
On 11, April, 1912, the Titanic set out on its maiden voyage to New York City. The first day of the
voyage was uneventful. But then on Sunday morning, April 14, the ship received a warning that icebergs
lay ahead. Throughout the day, the Titanic kept its course until a call at 11:40 p.m. said "Icebergs right
ahead!" The captain ordered a turn and a complete stop but it came too late. The Titanic crashed into a
huge iceberg and badly damaged. Andrew Thomas was at the Captain's Deck when the damage reports
came in. He knew the fate of the Titanic. He told Captain Smith that the Titanic would certainly sink.
The 2227 passengers and crew were told of the imminent disaster. The lifeboats were loaded firstly
with women and children but it was obvious that there wasn't enough room for everyone. Just after 2 a.m.,
the last lifeboat was launched and the remaining 1,500 passengers realized they were going to die. At 4
a.m., a nearby ship arrived after it heard the Titanic's distress signals on radio. All that remained of the
46000 ton liner was a small collection of lifeboats and 705 freezing survivors. Unfortunately, the ship that
everyone thought "unsinkable" had not even completed its maiden voyage.
(Text retrieved from: https://goo.gl/DKzAoy)
Question 28. The story of the Titanic is well-known .
A. because so many people were rescued from the ocean
B. to all those who were on board
C. because it has been retold in many forms
D. because the main actor of the movie Titanic is very handsome
Question 29. The Titanic was thought to be unsinkable .
A. especially when it was in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean
B. but this theory turned out to be false
C. because it was the world's most expensive ship
D. because it was the world's longest ship
Question 30. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “imminent” in paragraph 4?
A. approaching B. avoidable C. unlikely D. distant
Question 31. The Titanic didn't change course .
A. when it was announced that icebergs were right ahead
B. because the icebergs were relatively small
C. when the captain realized that icebergs were immediately in front of the Titanic
D. when it was first reported that icebergs lay ahead
Question 32. Thomas Andrew knew the fate of the ship .
A. once he knew the ship had hit an iceberg
B. as soon as the damage reports were brought to him
C. from the time the Titanic first left port
D. when it was announced that icebergs were right ahead
Question 33. What is true about the Titanic's lifeboats?
A. They carried 1,500 passengers.
B. They were able to carry all 2227 passengers.
C. They only carried women and children.
D. There weren't enough lifeboats for everyone on board.
Question 34. The rescue ship that arrived after the Titanic sank .
A. could've been there earlier if it had heard the Titanic's distress signals
B. saw the final moments of the sinking ship
C. was able to rescue most of the people who didn't get on the lifeboats
D. could only assist the people in the lifeboats
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions from 35 to 42.
Every year, kids and teens look forward to summer vacation. However, for one group of teens,
summer vacation means the beginning of some major changes, and is approached with hesitance. After
they are parted, maintaining friendships is going to take time and effort, because everybody is going in
different directions. For instance, some people are off to college or university, some are out to travel and
experience the world, and others are diving right into the workforce.
Whatever the paths your friends are choosing after graduation, chances are you won't all walk the
same one. Naturally, it won't be easy to keep your friendships alive, but here are some tips to follow.
The first and most important thing to do in order to maintain high school friendships is to stay in
touch by making phone calls, sending email, and in some cases snail- mailing your friends. However, as
the demands on your time increase and new friends appear in your new life, you will have to make a
realistic choice, which leads us to the next step-prioritize your friendships.
This may seem cold but it is necessary. As you enlarge your social circles, you need to make room
for new friendships and this will require you to rearrange the old ones. Over time, some friends will
completely disappear, some will turn into acquaintances, and others will become even closer and more
important than they were in high school. As a result, you need to decide which friendships are most
worthy of your time and effort and act accordingly.
Friends will come and go, but all will teach you something about who you are and who you want to
be. If you lose a friend, instead of focusing on the temporary emptiness this may leave in your life, reflect
on what you have gained by having had that friend in your life and make it a part of your memory.
(Text retrieved from: https://goo.gI/EwgpnV)
Question 35. What is the best title for the above passage?
A. Saying Goodbye, Staying in Touch
B. What Friends are For
C. The Evolution of Friendship
D. Making and Choosing Friends in High School
Question 36. Who does “one group of teens” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. college graduates B. high school graduates
C. acquaintances D. everybody
Question 37. How many tips does the article offer us?
A. four B. three C. two D. one
Question 38. What does the author think of friendship?
A. Friendship is approached with hesitance.
B. Friendship never changes over time.
C. Friendship is hard to maintain when people are parted from each other.
D. There are several kinds of friendship and each is worthy of all your time and effort.
Question 39. What does “snail-mailing” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. letters sent by post B. voice messages on the phone
C. letters sent by Internet D. text messages
Question 40. What happens when you enlarge you social circles?
A. You will lose high school friends.
B. You will have less time for your family.
C. You will have to choose who you prefer to spend time with.
D. You will be able to gain more best friends.
Question 41. According to the author, what should you do when you lose a friend?
A. grieve over your lost friendship B. focus on the emptiness
C. look for new friends to fill the void D. appreciate the experiences you had
Question 42. According to the article, which statement is NOT true?
A. Leaving school, people step on different paths of life.
B. Prioritizing friendships means arranging friendships according to their importance.
C. Losing a friend means losing the memory you once had with that friend.
D. Writing letters can sometimes be helpful for maintaining friendships.
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following sentence.
Question 43. People say that robots will take over the world.
A. It is said that robots will take over the world.
B. It is said for robots to take over the world.
C. Robots is said to be taking over the world.
D. That robots will take over the world is true.
Question 44. The weather was very rainy but they continued swimming in the ocean.
A. Although the weather was rainy, they stopped swimming in the ocean.
B. In spite of the rainy weather, they continued swimming in the ocean.
C. In spite of swimming in the ocean, they stopped when it was raining.
D. Despite the rainy weather, they stopped swimming in the ocean.
Question 45. He helped me a lot with my essay, and I couldn't finish it without him.
A. Provided he wouldn't come, I couldn't have finished the essay.
B. Unless I had his help, I couldn't have finished my essay.
C. If he had helped me with my essay, I couldn't have finished it.
D. But for his help, I could have finished my essay.
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
Question 46. Nitrogen and oxygen are too important that most living organisms cannot survive without
A B C D
these elements.
Question 47. Eating too much red meat is bad for your health. That is what you should balance your
A B C
meals with vegetables.
D
Question 48. John and I both prefer the country life to the city life. He doesn't find the latter enjoyable,
A B C
nor don't I.
D
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the
following questions.
Question 49. More trees are cut down. More animals lose their homes.
A. Unless we cut down trees, animals will lose their homes.
B. The more trees we cut down, the more homes animals lose.
C. The less trees we cut down, the more homes animals lose.
D. If we don't cut down trees, animals will lose their homes.
Question 50. People have been destroying the environment for a long time. They are now paying a high
price for this.
A. Because having destroyed the environment for a long time, people are now paying a high price for this.
B. Having been destroying the environment for a long time, people are now paying a high price for this.
C. On destroying the environment for a long time, people now pay a high price for this.
D. After being destroyed for a long time, the environment is now paying a high price.
 ANSWER KEY
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
11. A 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. B
21. A 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. A
31. D 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. C
41. D 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. B 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. B
 Unit 9 CHOOSING A CAREER
A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the other three by circling A, B, C, or D.
1. A. specialise B. relevant C. candidate D. potential
2. A. assimilate B. fascinating C. identifier D. anonymous
3. A. climatic B. occasion C. represent D. inherit
4. A. academic B. perseverance C. documentary D. articulate
5. A. tedious B. survival C. replenish D. essential
2. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the other three by
circling A, B, C, or D.
1. A. power B. tour C. flour D. tower
2. A. shepherd B. triumph C. elephant D. philosophy
3. A. desire B. desert C. disease D. descend
4. A. advice B. habitat C. hacker D. navigate
5. A. clutter B. custom C. mature D. survive
3. Underline the words which are unstressed. Check your answer and then practice saying the
sentences with a partner.
1. You can either walk or take the subway.
2. Well, they also come in smaller sizes.
3. In fact, both of my daughters live in Hue.
4. You can either drive or take a bus.
5. I should be back no later than three.
6. I'll give her the message as soon as she gets in.
7. My brother and I used to fight all the time.
8. I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.
9. I guess a little exercise would do you good.
10. The human body is made to move and it works best when it gets regular exercise.
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. Match each phrase to its correct definition.
1. get back into. a. think of an idea.
2. warm up to b. have a friendly relationship with someone.
3. cut back on c. return to someone or something (with an answer)
4. come up with d. get revenge on someone
5. get back to e. go on a date with someone
6. get away with f. start liking someone or something more, especially if you didn't at first.
7. add up to g. equal to
8. go out with h. consume less
9. get along with i. do without being noticed or punished
10. get back at j. become interested in something again
2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the exercise 1 above.
1. My doctor wants me to sweets and fatty foods.
2. Her ex-husband took her house so she him by taking his dogs.
3. Sarah was so happy when Peter finally asked her to him!
4. Your purchases $205.32.
5. I this business idea to make some extra money during my summer break.
6. I finally my novel and finished it.
7. Jason always cheating on his math tests.
8. Derek's coworker wasn't sure what time the meeting was, so he said he'd him with the time.
9. Some people are surprised that I my mother-in-law really well!
10. The new puppy was scared of my husband when we first got him, but he him pretty
quickly.
3. Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets.
To make (1) career decisions and plans, you need as much (WISDOM)
information as possible. The more you know about yourself and career
opportunities, the better able you will be to choose a (2) career. People (SATISFY)
differ in what they want from a career. Many people desire a high income. Some
hope for (3) . Others want adventure. Still others want to serve people
(FAMOUS)
and make the world a better place.
Before you begin to explore career fields, you should determine your values,
your interests and your (4) . Most people are the happiest in jobs that fit (ABLE)
their values, interests, and aptitudes. Each person has many values, which vary in
strength. For example, money is the (5) value for some people - that is, (STRENGTH)
wealth is more important to them than anything else. As a result, they focus their
thoughts, (6) , and emotions on the goal of earning a high income. Other (BEHAVE)
values include (7) to religion, taking risks, spending time with family, (DEVOTE)
and helping others.
You can develop an understanding of your values by asking yourself what is most (EXAM)
important to you and by (8) your beliefs. For example, is it important to
you to work as a member of a team? Or would you rather be in charge or work
alone? If working alone or being in charge is important to you, (9) is
(DEPEND)
probably one of your (10) values.
(PRIME)

4. Complete each sentence with the most suitable answer by circling A, B, C or D.

1. you want my advice on your career options, I will be in my office.
A. Only if B. Even if C. Unless D. In case
2. You have to apologize to your sister you want to do it or not.
A. unless B. whether C. if D. as long as
3. your room is cleaned, you won't be punished.
A. Unless B. Whether C. Provided that D. Even if
4. You can use your father's car you drive carefully.
A. as long as B. whether C. even if D. unless
5. You will never understand this grammar I help you.
A. unless B. whether C. in case D. only if
6. they have enough money they are happy.
A. As long as B. Whether C. Unless D. Even if
7. he earns a lot, he won't buy this house.
A. Only if B. Even if C. Unless D. Whether
8. you get fired from your job, what will you do?
A. Only if B. Whether C. If D. Unless
C. only if D. unless
9. You are not allowed to go out you have done your homework.
A. if B. in case C. only if D. unless
10. I am with you I am happy doing nothing.
A. Even if B. Unless C. As long as D. Whether
5. Find the mistake in each sentence and correct it.
1. He is old than he looks.

2. It is later then I thought.

3. You must work as hard as the job requires.

4. He is as stupid he is lazy.

5. He is not so cleverer as you think.

6. Nobody knows it better I do.

7. Few is better leaders than he is.

8. You like going to university than I do.

9. Not many know the truth of this better you do.

10. She is intelligent as she is beautiful.

6. Complete each sentence with the most suitable answer by circling A, B or C

1. There are no buses, you'll have to walk.
A. so that B. such that C. so
2. Helen looked very frightened last night. She looked as if she a ghost.
A. will see B. saw C. had seen
3. What a delicious smell! It smells as though mother at the moment.
A. baked B. is baking C. had baked
4. The play was I thought it would be.
A. more interesting as B. as interesting as C. so interesting as
5. Sarah is going on a diet lose weight.
A. in order to B. so that C. for
6. David keeps a dog guard the house.
A. so that B. for C. to
7. She didn't know him, but she acted as if she him.
A. knew B. is going to know C. know
8. Nick had to go to London a business meeting.
A. so that B. to C. for
9. Jessica is learning English a better job.
A. so that gets B. for get C. to get
10. We took the car to a garage a mechanic could take a look at it.
A. to B. so that C. for
11. Paul wanted to buy some land by the lake a restaurant.
A. so that build B. so as to build C. for build
12. My boss tells the same jokes all the time and we always laugh as though we them before.
A. never heard B. had never heard C. never hear
13. Bill is only twenty-three years old, but sometimes he behaves as if he much older.
A. was B. were C. had been
14. The people here are I expected.
A. more nice than B. nicer than C. as nicer as
15. There was a lot of noise last night. It sounded as though the people next door a party.
A. were having B. are having C. had
16. There was we missed our connecting flight.
A. such a delay that B. so a delay C. such a delay
17. They aren't they appear to be.
A. more clever than B. cleverer than C. as clever as
18. My knee started hurting, I stopped running.
A. such that B. so C. so that
19. We were we missed the first act of the play.
A. so late that B. such late that C. such late
20. The new boss is my old boss was.
A. more rude as B. as rude than C. as rude as
C. READING
1. Read the text and complete each gap by circling A, B, C, or D.
Milton S. Hershey's mother once told him to focus attention on something until he had mastered it.
And that is precisely (1) . Following a four-year apprenticeship with a Lancaster candy maker,
Hershey established his first candy-making business in Philadelphia. That initial effort failed (2)
his next two attempts in Chicago and New York. Returning to Lancaster, in 1883, he
established Lancaster Caramel Company, which quickly became an outstanding success. With his success
came a profound sense of responsibility. He built for his employees a model town with nice homes and
even a big hotel, because to him, treating his workers well was more important than (3) money.
In 1909, unable to have children of their own, he and his wife Catherine established a school for orphan
boys (4) four to fourteen. Today, it accepts girls as well. As a matter of fact, each year, it
nurtures more than 1,100 (5) boys and girls in grades K-12.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/fgnJaF)
1. A. what did he do B. what he did C. how did he do D. how he did
2. A. as did B. did C. as to do D. to do
3. A. making B. to make C. made D. make
4. A. age B. ages C. aging D. aged
5. A. financial need B. financial needy C. financially needy D. financially need
2. Read the text and complete each gap by circling A, B, C, or D.
Russell Crowe started his acting job at age 6. His first job was as an extra on a TV show. After
school, he acted in theater productions. His first big role came at 25, in a film (1) The Crossing.
He never went to college, so he uses every new character as a chance to educate himself. He spends much
more time preparing for his roles than other actors (2) . Such efforts always (3) for
Crowe, and his characters seem very realistic. Take the epic Gladiator for example. Crowe's Maximus is
a muscular and daring leader, who takes on the world from the tip of his sword. Since Crowe understood
the emotional side of this character so well, Maximus is not just another action hero but a man whose
great love for his family (4) with his deep hatred for the emperor. Like Crowe himself,
Maximus is as (5) as a bear on the outside, yet gentle as a puppy on the inside.
(Text adapted from:https://goo.gl/JJZMBM)A. call A. are
1. A. call B. calls C. called D. calling
2. A. are B. do C. have D. did
3. A. showed off B. put off C. took off D. paid off
4. A. impresses B. contrasts C. covers D. fills
5. A. sensitive B. cheerful C. strong D. elegant
3. Read the text and complete each gap by circling A, B, C, or D.
Robert Frost's interest in poetry can be traced (1) to his early childhood. As a teenager he
wrote poetry, but it was not until 1915 that (2) recognized as a talented poet. Many of his
poems contain memorable images of beauty in nature. They also inspire life's profound questions. In “The
Road Not Taken” a traveler comes to a fork in a road, (3) symbolizes an important turning
point in life. Frost's “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” presents a horseback rider who is
enjoying a beautiful winter scene on his way home. (4) we can see, common human
experiences in Frost's poems reflect a universal meaning. The rider would like to enjoy his freedom but
must first fulfill his responsibilities. Frost died in 1963, (5) his poems continue to touch the
hearts of readers everywhere.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gI/CSyrFk)
1. A. against B. down C. back D. up
2. A. was he B. he had been C. had he been D. he was
3. A. it B. that C. which D. what
4. A. For B. As C. Yet D. By
5. A. but B. unless C. although D. until
4. Read the text and complete each gap by circling A, B, C, or D.
In The Teacher Who Changed My Life, the writer Nicholas Gage wrote about his junior high school
teacher Marjorie Hurd, who (1) his career. Their meeting was completely by coincidence. At
the age of 13, he entered Chandler Junior High. When (2) to choose a club, he simply followed
the prettiest girl in his class to sign in for the Newspaper Club, where he met Miss Hurd. Thanks to Miss
Hurd, Gage (3) the skills to put out a newspaper, mastered the English language, and started to
have a new perspective (4) his war-ravaged homeland. Miss Hurd also helped him to discover
his potential in writing. To Gage, Miss Hurd was more than a teacher. She took on the role of being a
surrogate mother. When he graduated from Boston University, Miss Hurd was the person who came with
his father and shared their joy. Gage ascribed all his success to Miss Hurd. He said that he wouldn't have
become a reporter (5) Miss Hurd.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gI/HyZTtb)
1. A. had a way with B. paved the way for C. got in the way of D. gave way to
2. A. asked B. asking C. having asked D. he asked
3. A. attended to B. made up C. sharpened up D. kept to
4. A. at B. in C. about D. on
5. A. but for B. had it not been for C. if it were not for D. without
5. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on 12 May, 1820 and was named Florence after the city
where she was born. Her parents were a wealthy couple, who had toured Europe for two years on their
honeymoon. During their travels, their first daughter, Parthenope, was born in Naples (Parthenope is the
Greek Name for this ancient city), followed one year later by Florence. On returning to England, the
Nightingales divided their time between two homes. In summer months they lived at Lea Hurst in
Derbyshire, and moved to Embley in Hampshire for the winter.
Florence and Parthenope were taught at home by their father, who graduated from Cambridge
University. Florence was good at studying, while her sister excelled at painting and making clothes.
Florence grew up to be a lively and attractive young woman, admired in the family's social circle. She
was expected to make a good marriage, but Florence had other concerns. In 1837, Florence had what she
described as her “calling.” She was determined to do some work. During those days, her parents refused
to allow her to become a nurse as in the mid-nineteenth century, it was not considered a suitable
profession for a well-educated woman. Florence went to Europe with two friends in spite of her family's
objection. The three traveled to Italy, Egypt, and Greece. Florence then began her nursing training.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/oecpjH)
1. Which of the following description about Florence's family is true?
A. Her parents were rich. B. Her father and her mother were separate.
C. They moved several times a year. D. Florence had only one younger sister.
2. Florence was .
A. a good wife B. graduated from Cambridge University
C. good at studying D. attractive in school
3. What is Florence's "calling"?
A. to make a good marriage B. to be a well-educated woman
C. to be a nurse D. to travel around the world
4. Why did Florence's parents refuse to allow her to become a nurse?
A. Because they wanted her to be a well-educated woman.
B. Because at the time people didn't think much of nursing.
C. Because well-educated women were despised at that time.
D. Because she didn't receive any training about it.
6. Read the text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
“I don't want to write a story about girls! I don't know anything about girls,” Louisa May Alcott told
her publisher, Mr. Niles. But she was desperate for money. She seemed to be the only one in her family
who could make any money. Mr. Niles had asked her to write about something she knew, instead of the
romantic adventure stories she had been writing. “So I plod away.” Louisa wrote, “though I don't enjoy
this sort of thing.” It was 1867, and the horrible Civil War was over. Now Louisa could turn her energy to
making money.
Louisa wrote a simple story of life in her family, their pillow fights on Saturday nights and the
amateur plays they performed. “Our experiences may prove interesting, though I doubt it.” Her book
described her days growing up with four sisters in a family that had no money. She sketched a loving
mother who took time to be interested in each child, and she told of the death of a beloved sister. She
portrayed her family and friends in her book Little Women. Finally, in July of 1868, she finished writing.
With a sigh and a headache, she sent off all 102 handwritten pages of her book.
Mr. Niles thought the book was dull and so did Louisa. But when she received her copies of the
book, Louisa thought it seemed better than expected. “Not a bit sensational," she wrote, “but simple and
true. We really lived most of it.” Mr. Niles asked some girls to read Little Women, and they loved it. If the
girls liked it, Louisa was satisfied.
In three months all the copies of Little Women had sold. It was already time to print more books!
Mr. Niles thought he could sell three or four hundred more copies. “An honest publisher and a lucky
author made a dull book into a golden egg for an ugly duckling,” Louisa wrote in 1885. Later, with a
great sigh of relief, she was able to write, “Paid off all the debts, thank the Lord! Now I feel that I could
die in peace. If my head holds out, I'll do all I once hoped to do.”
(Text adapted from: h ttps://goo.gl/zJuZw7)
1. What statement about Louisa corresponds to the text above?
A. She portrayed a family impoverished by the Civil War.
B. It took her one year or so to complete Little Woman.
C. She was satisfied and relieved to send out the manuscript of Little Woman.
D. She expected the book of Little Woman to cause a sensation among girls.
2. What happened after Little Women sold out?
A. Mr. Niles wanted to sell ducklings.
B. Louisa wrote another book.
C. Some girls read Little Women.
D. Louisa was able to pay all her bills.
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Louisa started writing because she needed money.
B. Louisa never enjoyed writing.
C. Mr. Niles asked Louisa to write about girls.
D. Louisa's book Little Women turned out to be a success.
4. When Louisa said, “So I plod away,” what she really meant was that .
A. she carried something heavy and walked away slowly
B. she sneaked away and ignored Mr. Niles
C. she had no other choice but to listen to Mr. Niles
D. she decided to pay no attention to Mr. Niles
5. Which of the following statements about Little Women is NOT true?
A. Most of the book was from Louisa's real experience.
B. It was a romantic adventure story.
C. Louisa regarded it as uninteresting at first.
D. It turned out to be widely popular.
7. Read the dialogue and decide if each statement is true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
The Job Interview
Interviewer: So, you've applied for the Saturday position, right?
John: Yes, I have.
Interviewer: Can you tell me what made you reply to our advertisement?
John: Well, I was looking for a part-time job to help me through college. And I think that I'd be
really good at this kind of work.
Interviewer: Do you know exactly what you would be doing as a shop assistant?
John: Well, I imagine I would be helping customers, keeping a check on the supplies in the store,
and preparing the shop for business.
Interviewer: That about covers it, you would also be responsible for keeping the front of the store tidy.
What sort of student do you regard yourself as ... did you enjoy studying while you were at
school?
John: I suppose I'm a reasonable student. I passed all my exams and I enjoy studying subjects
that interest me.
Interviewer: Have you had any previous work experience?
John: Yes. I worked part-time at a take-away in the summer holidays.
Interviewer: Now, do you have any questions you'd like to ask me about the position?
John: Yes. Could you tell me what hours I'd have to work?
Interviewer: We open at 9.00, but you would be expected to arrive at 8.30 and we close at 6.00 pm. You
would be able to leave then. I think I have asked you everything I wanted to. Thank you for
coming along to the interview.
John: Thank you. When will I know if I have been successful?
Interviewer: We'll be making our decision next Monday; we'll give you a call.
(Text retrieved from: https://goo.gI/9ME6tU)
1. He wouldn't have to deal with customers.
2. John failed some of his exams.
3. John would be working in the electrical department.
4. John would start work at 8.30.
5. The job is full time.
6. The job doesn't pay very well.
7. John will start the job on Monday.
8. John has left high school.
9. He saw the advertisement in the local newspaper.
10. The job is in a shop.
D. WRITING
1. Decide which of the sentences describe purpose and which describe result. Then combine the
sentences using either so... that or so that.
1. He practices speaking in front of a mirror everyday. He can be a TV journalist.

2. She took a computer course. She wanted to get a better job.

3. The job was very difficult. She got extra training.

4. Jerry got angry. He put his fist through the wall.

5. She wanted to contact me. I gave her my address.

6. He wore glasses and a false beard. Nobody recognized him.

7. I’m very hungry. I could eat anything.

8. Jack was so hungry; he ate a whole packet of biscuits.

9. I'd like to have a university degree. I want find a good job.

10. She worked hard on preparing for her interview. She didn't want to lose the job to someone else.

2. Complete the sentences in your words.

1. If the weather is fine,
2. If I find the key,
3. If my brother buys a car,
4. If I am thirsty,
5. If he drops the glass,
6. If she goes to sleep late,
7. If my uncle comes now,
8. If the concert starts now,
9. If I go out in the rain,
10. If you post the letter now,
3. Read the following advertisement. Write an application letter to apply for the job. You can use
the template given.
WANTED - WAITERS AND WAITRESSES - FULL TIME
LAN ANH'S RESTAURANT AND BAR
Lan Anh's Restaurant is looking for waiters and waitresses to work in the new downtown restaurant on Le
Hong Phong St.
- Must be energetic, hardworking, and well-presented
- Must be able to work 6 evenings per week from 5pm
- English is an advantage as we have many foreign guests
- Training provided! No experience necessary
Send an application letter to Ms. Lan Anh at 13 Le Hong Phong Street, Danang City.

Insert the date <Date>

Insert your <Nguyen Van An,
nameand 10 Nguyen Trai Street,
address Danang City>
Insert the <Ms Lan Anh
employer's Lan Anh Restaurant,
name and 13 Le Hong Phong Street,
address Danang City>
Dear <Ms Lan Anh>
“I wish to apply for the position of < Nominate the job for which you are applying,
Paragraph 1. using the description given in the advertisement > advertised in the < insert the
source and date of the advertisements”
Paragraph 2. Highlight the extent to which you match the requirements of the advertisement e.g.
qualifications, experience, abilities, age, qualities, capabilities skills etc.
Outline any further points in your favour, related to the job and mention the
Paragraph 3.
attached resume.
Mention your interest in the firm, the job, the prospects and/or your reasons for
Paragraph 4.
applying.
State your availability for an interview and request an appointment to discuss your
application.
Paragraph 5. "Yours sincerely,"
<your name>
 ANSWER KEY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A
2 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C
3 1. You can either walk or take the subway.
2. Well, they also come in smaller sizes.
3. In fact, both of my daughters live in Hue.
4. You can either drive or take a bus.
5. I should be back no later than three.
6. I'll give her the message as soon as she gets in.
7. My brother and I used to fight all the time.
8. I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.
9. I guess a little exercise would do you good.
10. The human body is made to move and it works best when it gets regular exercise.
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 1. j 2. f 3. h 4. a 5. c 6. i 7. h 8. e 9. b 10. d
2 1. cut back on 2. got back at 3. go out with 4. add up to
5. came up with 6. got back into 7. gets away with 8. get back to
9. get along with 10. warmed up to
3 1. wise 2. satisfying 3. fame 5. strongest
5. came up with 6. got back into 7. gets away with 8. get back to
9. get along with 10. warmed up to
3 1. wise 2. satisfying 3. fame 4. abilities 5. strongest
6. behavior 7. devotion 8. examining 9. Independence 10. primary
4 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. C
5 1. He is older than he looks.
2. It is later than I thought.
3. You must work as hard as the job requires.
4. He is as stupid as he is lazy.
5. He is not so clever as you think.
6. Nobody knows it better than I do.
7. Few are better leaders than he is.
8. You like going to university more than I do.
9. Not many know the truth of this better than you do.
10. She is as intelligent as she is beautiful.
6 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B
11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. C
C. READING
1 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C
2 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. C
3 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A
4 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B
5 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B
6 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B
7 1. F 2. F 3. NG 4. T 5. F 6. NG 7. F 8. T 9. NG 10. T
D. WRITING
1 1. He practices speaking in front of a mirror everyday so that he can be a TV journalist.
2. She took a computer course so that she could get a better job.
3. The job was so difficult that she got extra training.
4. Jerry got so angry that he put his fist through the wall.
5. I gave her my address so that she could contact me.
6. He wore glasses and a false beard so that nobody could recognize him.
7. I'm so hungry that I could eat anything.
8. Jack was so hungry that he ate a whole packet of biscuits.
9. I'd like to have a university degree so that I can find a good job.
10. She worked hard on preparing for her interview so that she didn't lose the job to someone else.
2 Students' answer
3 Students' answer
 Unit 10 LIFELONG LEARNING
A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the other three by
circling A, B, C, or D.
1. A. temptation B. endangered C. shadow D. trade
2. A. mature B. opportunity C. activate D. talented
3. A. houses B. services C. passages D. techniques
4. A. volunteer B. trust C. fuss D. judge
5. A. hospitality B. initiative C. sanitation D. unite
6. A. lives B. combines C. appoints D. decides
7. A. nature B. pure C. culture D. picture
8. A. slum B. genius C. malfunction D. cluttered
9. A. waver B. career c. apply D. barista
10. A. thought B. prosthetic C. geothermal D. algorithm
2. Mark the rising () or falling () intonation on the questions. Then, check your answers and practice
asking and answering the questions with a partner.
1. Do you need to learn all your life?
2. What are the characteristics of a lifelong learner?
3. How can someone learn if they are no longer in school?
4. What motivates a person to study after they have graduated from school?
5. Is studying a waste of time?
6. Do you ever wish you could be a student your whole life?
7. What is technology's role in supporting lifelong learning?
8. Where can I find short courses to improve my skills?
9. Do teachers need to study after they have become teachers?
10. Are you disciplined enough to self-study?
B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. Match each word to its correct definition.
1. mindset a. showing initiative and the ability to organize oneself
2. tolerance b. driven to do something because of one’s own enthusiasm or interest
3. self-reliant c. improving one's knowledge, status, or character by one's own efforts
4. nonjudgmental d. an attitude determining how you will respond to situations
5. self-directed e. willingness to respect the beliefs or practices of others
6. humor f. unclearness by virtue of having more than one meaning
7. open-minded g. a message that has the power to evoke laughter
8. flexibility h. a state in which you want to learn more about something
9. resilience i. ready to entertain new ideas
10. self-motivated j. refraining from making judgments especially ones based on personal
opinions or standards
11. adaptability k. free from external control and constraint
12. curiosity 1. able or tending to transmit a message
13. communicative m. the property of being easily bent or shaped
14. ambiguity n. flexibility to fit changed circumstances
15. self-improved o. ability of a material to return to its original shape
2. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words given.
tolerance communicative humor mindset open-minded
self-reliant nonjudgmental flexibility resilience self-improved
curiosity self-motivated adaptability ambiguity self-directed
1. Our teacher has a great sense of He always makes his students laugh.
2. Living in a new country is always difficult, but Mai was quick to to her new environment.
3. I love working at this company because it has very hours.
4. You have to accept when learning a new language. Sometimes, you won't understand why
native speakers say things in a certain way, and that's OK.
5. Children have a natural to why things are the way they are, so they often ask you a lot of
questions to find out!
6. I am planning a course to study Japanese. I have bought all the necessary beginner's books
and audio CDs.
7. She has seen a lot of in her work ever since she started updating her skill set.
8. Living alone in a big city requires me to be . I must take care of myself as I cannot depend on
anyone else.
9. The teacher her noisy classroom because she knows her students are learning by working
together.
10. skill is extremely important if you want a job in customer's service or sales.
11. She is excellent at piano because she is very . Neither her parents nor her teacher pushed her
to practice.
12. John has a fixed that he is already extremely intelligent and therefore, does not need to study
anymore.
13. It's best to be and not jump to conclusions about things. Things are rarely the same as they
first seem.
14. Though disabled from a young age, his incredible has helped him earn a university degree
in IT.
15. She is very , especially when it comes to food. She'll try anything!
3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.
1. If I had known that you were here, I (visit) you.
2. I (take) the course if I had known about the job's requirement.
3. Long (win) the race if he hadn't fallen.
4. If I (have) a compass, we wouldn't have got lost in the forest.
5. If you hadn't eaten three bowls of noodles, you (not/have) a stomachache.
6. Sammy (become) a great lawyer if she hadn't left university.
7. Ricky would have been on time if he (wake up) earlier.
8. If we had gone to the cinema, we (see) the new Jurassic World film.
9. If you (study) better at university, you would have got a job in that company.
10. If she hadn't missed the train, she (be) on time this morning.
11. If I had known you cannot eat meat, I (not/buy).
12. If you (come) to my party, you would have enjoyed a lot.
13.I (send) a postcard if I had had your address.
14. If Jake had listened to his mother, he (not/catch) the cold.
15. If Phuong (not/fail) her English exam, she could have gone to England this summer.
16. He wouldn't have been in trouble if he (not/swim) in the sea.
17. If the weather (be) nice, we would have gone to Lang Co Beach.
18. If Adam hadn't had a headache, he (come) with us this afternoon.
19. If the Linh had studied abroad, she (not/meet) her husband.
20. If her colleague hadn't told her about the professional development course, she (not/know)
about it.
4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.
1. Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday.
 He (come) if you (insult) him.
2. Marie is unhappy because she gave up her career when she got married.
 Marie (be) happy if she (not give up) her career
when she got married.
3. Professor Lan Anh talked so much about the Muong people because she is an expert on Vietnamese
ethnic groups.
 Professor Lan Anh (not talk) so much about the Muong people if she
(not be) an expert on Vietnamese ethnic groups.
4. I am fired because I had a disagreement with my boss.
I (not be) fired if I (not have) a disagreement with
my boss.
5. I won't help you study for your test because you have spent the last two weeks partying and wasting
time.
I (help) you study for your test if you (not spend) the
last two weeks partying and wasting time.
6. Xuan is not going to the graduation ceremony because she broke her leg last week.
 Xuan (go) to the graduation ceremony if she (not
break) her leg last week.
7. She is not promoted because she didn't take professional development courses to self-improve.
 If she (take) professional development courses to self-improve, she
(be) promoted.
8. Trang has a tough time reviewing her lessons because she didn't set up? a self-directed study plan.
 If Trang (set) a self-directed study plan, she (have) a
tough time reviewing her lessons.
9. He is a good English learner because he tolerated ambiguity in the beginning stage of his studies.
 He (be) a good English learner if he (tolerate)
ambiguity in the beginning stage of his studies.
10. She is the most successful lawyer in the country because she was self-reliant and had a lot of
resilience.
 She (be) the most successful lawyer in the country if she
(be) self-reliant and (have) a lot of resilience.
5. Complete each sentences with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D.
1. If it rains, we at home.
A. would stay B. would have stayed
C. stay D. will stay
2. If you harder, you will fail the exam.
A. would not try B. would not have tried
C. do not try D. will not try
3. If you behave yourself, you with us to the concert.
A. would come B. would have come
C. can come D. will come
4. If you do not work, you holidays next week.
A. would not have B. would not have had
C. do not have D. will not have
5. If you anything, ask me.
A. would need B. would have need
C. need D. will need
6. If we are leaving soon, I my coat.
A. would get B. would have got
C. get D. will get
7. If I the work by ten o'clock, I will be able to come.
A. would finished B. would have finished
C. have finished D. will finish
8. If you have finished your homework, you .
A. would be able to go out B. would have gone out
C. can go out D. will go out
9. Eat less or you fat.
A. would get B. would have got
C. get D. will get
10. If I enough money, I would retire.
A. would have B. would have had
C. had D. will have
11. If I lost my job, I abroad for a while.
A. would go B. would have gone
C. will go D. might go
12. If I lose my job, I life very difficult.
A. would find B. would have found
C. find D. will find
13. If he were careful, he things.
A. would not break B. would not have broken
C. did not break D. will not break
14. If she were slimmer, she much more attractive.
A. would be B. would have been
C. was D. will be
15. If you me more information, I will not be able to help you.
A. would not give B. would not have given
C. do not give D. will not give
16. They their plane if they had not woken up late.
A. would not missed B. would not have missed
C. did not missed D. will not miss
17. I to the party if I about it.
A. might have gone, knew B. went, had known
C. might have gone, had known D. might go, had known
18.I wish I taller, because I am not very tall.
A. were B. would have been
C. would be D. will be
19.I wish I on holiday with you, but I am busy tomorrow.
A. would go B. would have gone
C. went D. could go
20.I wish that the car faster.
A. would go B. would have gone
C. went D. will go
6. Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets.
Lifelong learning is about (1) an enduring (2) and a desire to (CULTIVATE)
learn - not just in class, but in every area of a child's life. (CURIOUS)
Often, students will discover topics that interest them - whether it's a subject at
school like math or science, or a hobby like hockey or cooking. Children who have
experienced positive and (3) learning experiences are far more likely to feel (RICH)
confident about (4) new educational goals. They approach each new topic (PURSUE)
with excitement and understand how to overcome obstacles. This thirst for knowledge
sets a strong foundation for success in school - and in life!
Students who are lifelong learners are better prepared to grasp new technology,
(GROW)
new academic challenges, and opportunities for personal (5) . They are able to (CREATE)
generate (6) solutions to challenging problems, and have open minds that are (RECEIVE)
(7) to new ideas and points of view.
 The (8) to continue learning new skills will also impact your child's (CAPABLE)
future professional development, and may even improve their overall health and
wellbeing. Studies have shown, for example, that lifelong learning promotes healthy (9) (AGE)
and cognitive health well into (10) . (ADULT)
(Text adapted from https://goo.gl/hP5kY8)
C. READING
1. Complete the text with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D.
Learning style means a person's natural, habitual, and preferred way(s) of learning. Research about
learning styles has identified (1) differences. For example, one study found various differences
(2) boys and girls in sensory learning styles. Girls were (3) more sensitive to sounds
and more skillful at fine motor performance than boys. Boys, (4) , showed an early visual
superiority to girls. They were, however, clumsier than girls. They performed poorly at a detailed activity
(5) arranging a row of beads, but excelled at other activities that required total body
coordination.
1. A. cultural B. racial C. age D. gender
2. A. for B. within C. between D. into
3. A. very B. both C. still D. thus
4. A. similarly B. in consequence C. in contrast D. moreover
5. A. according to B. next to C. such as D. because of
2. Complete the text with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D.
For many ESL students, learning can feel like a (1) rather than an exciting new
adventure. They might be interested in a topic, but associate learning with feeling confused in class
because they can't follow instructions in English. They might also feel bored by (2) teaching
techniques like memorization. Learning a second language is often a lifelong (3) . Even native
English speakers continue to learn new vocabulary and expressions every day! It's no (4) that
encouraging an appreciation for lifelong learning is integral to effective ESL instruction. In today's
information age, kids have more opportunities than ever before to learn both inside and outside the
classroom. They develop new skills at school, (5) the latest research at their local library or
online, and use creative apps to engage in learning while on the move.
(Text adapted from https://goo.gl/hP5kY8)
1. A. housework B. nag C. cargo D. chore
2. A. conventional B. modern C. cutting-edge D. effective
3. A. procedure B. system C. process D. formula
4. A. use B. surprise C. good D. picnic
5. A. learn B. access C. indulge D. engage
3. Read the text and answer the following questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York, has recently found evidence that children and adults don't
use the same parts of the brain when learning a second language. He used an instrument called an MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging) to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. One group consisted
of those who had learned a second language as children. The other consisted of people who learned their
second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed
Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. He asked people
from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the
other. They couldn't speak out loud, because any movement would disrupt the scanning.
Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain-Broca's area, believed to control
speech production, and Wernicke's area, thought to process meaning. He found that both groups of people
used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. But how they used
Broca's area was different.
People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both
languages. People who learned a second language later in life used a special part of Broca's area for their
second language-near the one activated for their native tongue.
How does Hirsch explain this difference? He believes that, when language is first being
programmed in young children, their brains may mix all languages into the same area. But once that
programming is complete, a different part of the brain must take over a new language. Another possibility
is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that
mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods such as touch, sound, and sight. And that's very
different from sitting in a high school class.
(Text adapted from https://goo.gl/cjqHt4)
1. What is the topic of the text?
A. How people become bilingual
B. How to be a better second language learner
C. Research into the brains of bilingual people
D. The best ways to acquire languages at different ages
2. What was the purpose of using the MRI scanner?
A. to observe the activities of the brains when people use languages
B. to see the movements of the brains when people speak
C. to observe the areas of the brains when people slept
D. to find out the best areas of the brains for learning second languages
3. The language center in the brain that is believed to control speech production is called .
A. MRI B. native tongue C. Wernicke's area D. Broca's area
4. Which of the following is TRUE for bilingual people?
A. Bilinguals use the same part of Wernicke's area.
B. Bilinguals use the same part of Broca's area.
C. Monolinguals never use Broca's area and Wernicke's area.
D. Bilinguals use different parts of Wernicke's area.
5. What is different about how adults learn languages, compared to young children?
A. They are often taught by their mothers.
B. They mainly learn in a formal classroom setting.
C. They use different methods to learn, such as with touch, sound, sight.
D. Their brains mix the languages in the same area.
4. Read the text and answer the following questions by circling A, B, C or D.
 Six dots. Six bumps. Six bumps in different patterns, like constellations, spreading out over the
page. What are they? Numbers, letters, words. Who made this code? None other than Louis Braille, a
French 12-year-old, who was also blind. And his work changed the world of reading and writing, forever.
Louis was from a small town called Coupvray, near Paris. He became blind by accident, when he
was 3 years old. Deep in his Dad’s harness workshop, Louis tried to be like his Dad, but it went very
wrong; he grabbed an awl, a sharp tool for making holes, and the tool slid and hurt his eye. The wound
got infected, and the infection spread, and soon, Louis was blind in both eyes.
All of a sudden, Louis needed a new way to learn. He stayed at his old school for two more years,
but he couldn't learn everything just by listening. Things were looking up when Louis got a scholarship to
the Royal Institution for Blind Youth in Paris, when he was 10. But even there, most teachers there just
talked. The library had 14 huge books with raised letters that were very hard to read. Louis was impatient.
Then in 1821, a former soldier named Charles Barbier visited the school. Barbier shared his
invention called “night writing,” a code of 12 raised dots that let soldiers share top-secret information on
the battlefield without even having to speak. Unfortunately, the code was too hard for the soldiers, but not
for 12-year-old Louis!
Louis trimmed Barbier's 12 dots into 6, ironed out the system by the time he was 15, then published
the first-ever Braille book in 1829. But did he stop there? No way! In 1837, he added symbols for math
and music. But since the public was skeptical, blind students had to study Braille on their own. Even at
the Royal Institution, where Louis taught after he graduated, Braille wasn't taught until after his death.
Braille began to spread worldwide in 1868, when a group of British men, now known as the Royal
National Institute for the blind, took up the cause.
Now practically every country in the world uses Braille. Braille books have double-sided pages,
which saves a lot of space. Braille signs help blind people get around in public spaces. And, most
important, the blind can communicate independently, without print. Louis proved that if you have the
motivation, you can do incredible things.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/jptnU3)
1. What was special about 12-year-old Louis Braille?
A. He was blind due to a serious accident.
B. He created a code for the blind to communicate.
C. He received a scholarship to study at a blind school.
D. He could memorize a great deal from just listening.
2. Charles Barbier .
A. advocated teaching the blind Louis Braille
B. was a veteran soldier inspiring Louis to invent Braille
C. as a member of Royal National Institute, invented “night writing”
D. trimmed the Braille system into 12 dots
3. Why was Braille not popular on Louis' day?
A. The Braille books took up a lot of space.
B. The blind did not recognize its value.
C. The existing raised letters were easier to read.
D. The public did not approve of this system.
4. Which is the closest in meaning to the word “skeptical” in paragraph 5?
A. certain B. convinced C. dubious D. doubt
5. What is implied in this article?
A. There is still a way for the blind to compose music.
B. American Foundation for the Blind sponsored Louis for his study.
C. Currently Braille has very restricted use among the blind.
D. Louis Braille turned blind after he contracted a contagious disease.
5. Complete the text with the words from the box. Then, decide if the statement are true (T) or false
(F).
neglected up disappointingly who stand
equally achievement identified once yet
Writing skills are critical to academic success. They can be the ticket to better college and greater
academic (1) . And if you see yourself as one of those college students (2) will say
"Phew" when the syllabus reveals only exams and no papers, what happens when those exams turn out to
be essay tests?
Moreover, the need for workers with writing skills will only increase and most future jobs will
require writing skills. Perhaps you've heard that no one cares about your grades (3) you leave
the halls of academia. While that notion holds some truth, it is (4) true that most potential
employers do care about writing skills. They care so much that they bemoan the poor preparation of the
entry-level pool of college graduates. In a labor force full of mediocre writers, someone who writes well
is bound to (5) out and succeed.
Academicians and business people view writing skills as crucial, (6) increasing numbers
of these professionals note steady erosion in the writing abilities of graduates. The summary of a study
published in Personal Update states: “Writing skills of executives are shockingly low, indicating that
schools and colleges (7) fail, with at least two-thirds of the people who pass through the
education pipeline coming out unable to write a simple letter.”
In 2017, about 79 percent of surveyed executives cited writing as one of the most (8)
skills in the business world, yet one of the most important to productivity. A 2018 survey of 402
companies noted that executives (9) writing as the most valued skill, but said that 80 percent of
their employees at all levels need to improve. The number of workers needing improvement in writing
skills was (10) 20 percent from results of the same survey in 2017.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/i5AoRV)
11. It is true that your grades are not important.
12. Job recruiters look for people with good writing skills.
13. The quality of college graduate's writing is decreasing.
14. Good writing skill is necessary only in school exams.
15. The majority of business workers possess excellent writing ability.
16. Schools and colleges are doing a good job in educating good writers.
17. More than 50% of graduates cannot write a simple letter.
18. Most executives said their employees needed more training in writing.
D. WRITING
1. Rewrite the sentences below using the conditionals Type 3.
1. I didn't go to the doctor and I got seriously ill.
2. You didn't pass your exams because you didn't try hard.

3. People didn't know that writer because he didn't publish a book when he was alive.

4. They didn't give me a job, so I continued to study higher.

5. You didn't recharge the batteries and so I couldn't use the mobile phone.

6. The employers didn't increase their workers' salaries because they didn't have enough money.

7. Kerry didn't buy the book because it was sold out everywhere.

8. He practiced much and so he made a good performance on the interview.

9. You didn't wear a coat and so you caught a cold.

10. The baby cried so much because you didn't feed him.

11. The girl had an accident because she was looking at her phone.

12. He was given the Nobel Prize because he made great accomplishments in education.

13. I went to the concert because I saw an ad on Facebook.

14. You read the book because I brought it for you.

15. You didn't understand the teacher's explanation because you didn't pay attention.

2. Rewrite the sentences below using the mixed conditionals of Type 2 and Type 3.
1. He dropped out of school. He doesn't have a steady income now.

2. He lost his job. He's unemployed now.

3. His pet died. That's why he is unhappy now.

4. She forgot her phone at home. Nobody can contact her now.

5. Tom didn't see the boss earlier. He's waiting for him now.
6. She didn't pay attention in French class. She fails her exam.

7. He lost the race. He isn't a champion now.

8. They went to a party last night. That's why they are tired now.

9. He's feeling ill. He drank too much last night.

10. Leanne worked as a volunteer at a home for disabled people. That's why she has a nonjudgmental
mindset.

3. Write a description of the information given in the chart below.

The chart below shows the result of a survey of 100 adults on the reasons why they decide to study.
Reasons why adults study

Useful expressions
Introduction
- The bar chart shows/ illustrates/ displays...
Body
- more than/ less than (half)...
- one/ a third/ fourth...
- approximately/ around/ just over/ just under
Conclusion
- Overall, it is clear that…
 ANSWER KEY
A. PRONUNCIATION
1 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5.B 6. C 7.B 8. B 9. A 10. D
2

1. Do you need to learn all your life?

2. What are the characteristics of a lifelong learner?

3. How can someone learn if they are no longer in school?

4. What motivates a person to study after they have graduated from school?

5. Is studying a waste of time?

6. Do you ever wish you could be a student your whole life?

7. What is technology's role in supporting lifelong learning?

8. Where can I find short courses to improve my skills?

9. Do teachers need to study after they have become teachers?

10. Are you disciplined enough to self-study?
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1 1. d 2. e 3. k 4. j 5.a 6. g 7. i 8. m 9. o 10. b
11. n 12. h 13. l 14. f 15. c
2 1. humor 2. adapt 3. flexible
4. ambiguity 5. curiosity 6. self-directed
7. self-improvement 8. self-reliant 9. tolerates
10. Communication 11. self-motivated 12. mindset
13. nonjudgmental 14. resilience 15. open-minded
3 1. would have visited 2. would have taken 3. would have won
4. had had 5. wouldn't have had 6. would have become
7. had woken up 8. would have seen 9. had studied
10. would have been 11. wouldn't have bought. 12. had come
13. would have sent 14. wouldn't have caught 15. hadn't failed
16. hadn't swum 17. had been 18. would have come
19. wouldn't have met 20. wouldn't have known
4 1. would come; hadn’t insulted 2. would be; hadn’t given up
 3. wouldn’t have talked; weren’t 4. wouldn’t be; hadn’t had
5. could/would help; hadn’t spent 6. would go; hadn’t broken
7. had taken; would be 8. had set; wouldn’t have
9. wouldn’t be; hadn’t tolerated
10. wouldn’t be; hadn’t been; hadn’t had
5 1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D 5.C 6. D 7.C 8. C 9. D 10. C
11. D 12. D 13. A 14. A 15.C 16. B 17.C 18. A 19. D 20. A
6 1. cultivating 2. curiosity 3. enriching 4. pursuing 5. growth
6. creative 7. receptive 8. capacity 9. aging 10. adulthood
C. READING
1 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5.C
2 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5.B
3 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5.B
4 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5.A
5 1. achievement 2. who 3. once 4. equally 5. stand
6. yet 7. disappointingly 8. neglected 9. identified 10. Up
11. F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. F 16. F 17. T 18. T
D. WRITING
1 1. If I had gone to the doctor, I wouldn't have got seriously ill.
2. If you had tried hard, you would have passed your exams.
3. If that writer had published a book when he was alive, people would have known him.
4. I wouldn't have continued to study higher if they had given me a job.
5. If you had recharged the batteries, I could have used the mobile phone.
6. If the employers had had enough money, they would have increased their workers' salaries.
7. Kerry would have bought the book if it hadn't been sold out everywhere.
8. If he hadn't practiced much, he wouldn't have had a good performance on the interview.
9. You wouldn't have caught a cold if you had worn a coat.
10. The baby wouldn't have cried so much if you had fed him.
11. The girl wouldn't have had an accident if she hadn't been looking at her phone.
12. He wouldn't have been given the Nobel Prize if he hadn't made great accomplishments in
education.
13. If I hadn't seen an ad on Facebook, I wouldn't have gone to the concert.
14. If I hadn't brought the book for you, you wouldn't have read it.
15. If you had paid attention, you would have understood the teacher's explanation.
2 1. If he hadn't dropped out of school, he would have a steady income now.
2. If he hadn't lost his job, he would be employed.
3. If his pet hadn't died, he wouldn't be unhappy.
4. If she hadn't forgotten her phone at home, people could contact her.
5. If Tom had seen the boss earlier, he wouldn't be waiting for him now.
6. If she had paid attention in French class, she wouldn't fail her exam.
 7. If he hadn't lost the race, he would be a champion now.
8. If they hadn't gone to the party last night, they wouldn't be tired now.
9. If he hadn't drunk too much last night, he wouldn't feel ill.
10. If Leanne hadn't worked as a volunteer at a home for disabled people, she wouldn't have a
nonjudgmental mindset.
3 Model answer:
The bar chart displays the data of a survey of 100 adults on the reasons why they pursue adult
education.
Over half of the survey participants stated the main reason they study is to gain qualification. The
second highest reason for adult education is an interest in the subject. 40 people stated this as the reason
why they study.
Approximately one fifth of the participants mentioned education as being helpful for their current
job. The same percentage stated improvement of promotion prospects as a reason why they take up new
subjects as adults.
The reasons with the lowest percentages are "enjoy learning" and "meet new people" at 12% and
9%, respectively.
Overall, it is clear that most adults study because they need to, not because they want to.
 TEST YOURSELF UNITS 9 & 10
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D on to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1.
A. ultimate B. tedious C. motivate D. rewarding
Question 2.
A. pursuit B. secure C. shadow D. employ
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D on to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 3.
A. volunteer B. mature C. genius D. pursue
Question 4.
A. dishwasher B. ambition C. advice D. hospitality
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following
exchanges.
Question 5. Mai is asking Phuong about her plans.
Mai: “What are your plans when you leave school?”
Phuong: “ ”
A. I think that would be a great plan to do.
B. I'd like to see a movie.
C. I could never work as volunteer!
D. I'd like to take a gap year.
Question 6. Jake is asking Brandon for his opinion.
Jake: “Did you like my presentation today?”
Brandon: “ ”
A. I really enjoyed it. B. What time was it?
C. That's great. D. I didn't know that.
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
Question 7. Our cable company provides adequate service, not great but not too bad, either.
A. sufficient B. comfortable C. inept D. unable
Question 8.I really enjoy the flexible working hours here at this company.
A. rigid B. adjustable C. stubborn D. resistant
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
Question 9. The doctor told him to decrease his sugar intake.
A. cut down on B. face up to C. watch out for D. go on with
Question 10. When we go to Dong Hoi, I really want to visit my old friend.
A. drop out of B. get on with C. put up with D. drop in on
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to to indicate the correct word or phrase that best completes each of the
following questions.
Question 11. Is Luke a/an I am?
A. more good player than B. better player than
C. as better player as D. so good player as
Question 12.I wish I your advice that day.
A. would not taken B. took
C. would not have taken D. had not taken
Question 13. If Mary the work by six o'clock, she will come to the party.
A. finishes B. has finished C. finished D. is finishing
Question 14. Many teachers agree that one's language skills by listening to others.
A. could have improved B. can improve
C. used to improved D. can be improved
Question 15. I don't notice things I used to.
A. more well than B. as well than C. as well as D. so well as
Question 16. The taste of the coffee by how and where the coffee bean is grown.
A. should have affected B. has to be affected
C. can be affected D. could affect
Question 17. If Susan to school yesterday, she us.
A. had come, would have seen B. has come, would have seen
C. came, would see D. had come, would see
Question 18. It sells I never buy anything.
A. such expensive clothes B. so expensive clothes that
C. so expensive clothes D. such expensive clothes that
Question 19. If Jane the money tomorrow, she to the restaurant with us.
A. had, would go B. has, will go C. will have, will go D. has, goes
Question 20. According to studies, single women often lack satisfactory life insurance coverage and 64
percent of American women life insurance at all.
A. aren't carried B. didn't carry C. weren't carried D. don't carry
Question 21. Jane is certain that if you the truth, everyone you.
A. will tell, believe B. tell, believe C. tell, will believe D. told, believe
Question 22. I don't earn I would like.
A. more money than B. much more money than
C. as much money as D. so much money as
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.
Jerry was a fourteen-year-old moody boy. More often than not, he was easily (23) by
what happened to him. When something frustrating or painful took place, the first thing (24)
his mind was "Why me?" Instead of learning something from unpleasant experiences, he complained and
blamed others for it, which damaged the relationship between him and his fellow students. He ended up
(25) . Noticing his problem, his teacher had a long talk with him. "Your attitude is an important
factor in your interpersonal relationship," his teacher said. "Try looking on the bright side of things and
turn the negative thought into a positive thought. Then you can see things differently. By and by, you will
(26) getting along well with your classmates." After the talk, Jerry did what the teacher told
him and changed himself. He found that he (27) a lot from the teacher's advice.
Question 23.
A. endangered B. affected
C. panicked D. ignored
Question 24.
A. came into B. he came across
C. he thought of D. that went through
Question 25.
A. being protested B. to be declined
C. being isolated D. as a victim
Question 26.
A. have no troubles B. be more likely to
C. come into D. have no difficulty
Question 27.
A. was benefited B. did benefit
C. was enriched D. indeed enriched
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions from 28 to 34.
Adults think playing sports is beneficial for children because it is fun and helps children keep in
shape and even develop their social skills when they play with others. However, playing sports can have
negative effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-esteem or aggressive behavior in some
children. According to research on kids and sports, 20 million out of the 40 million kids who play sports
in the US say they have been yelled at or called names while playing sports. Thus, many children think
sports are just too aggressive.
Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches whom children usually look up to,
are the main cause of too much aggression in children's sports. They think children copy aggressive adult
behavior that is then further reinforced through both positive and negative feedback. Often these adults
behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that winning is everything. Children are
even taught that hurting other players is acceptable, or are pushed to continue playing even when they are
injured. In addition, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see
violent behavior replayed over and over on television.
To solve this problem, parents and coaches should act as better examples for children and teach
them better values. They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. Instead, they should
teach children to enjoy themselves whether they win or not. It is not necessary to knock oneself out to
enjoy sports. In addition, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured so that
they won't think winning is more important than health. If people make some basic changes, children
might learn to enjoy sports again.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/rBWPMj)
Question 28. What is the common perception about sports for children?
A. It is advantageous for children to play sports.
B. Sports has negative effects on children.
C. Most children have low self-esteem because of playing sports.
D. Sports can make children aggressive.
Question 29. What does the idiom "call names" mean?
A. To have a roll call.
B. To give someone a nickname
C. To name a person after someone else
D. To insult or abuse someone with words
Question 30. What is the main cause of more aggressive playing?
A. adults B. referees C. other players D. the media
Question 31. Which is NOT mentioned as a negative message that affects children?
A. Winning is everything.
B. Hurting others while playing sports is alright.
C. You must continue playing when injured.
D. It is acceptable to lose.
Question 32. Which is the closest in meaning to the word "values" in paragraph 3?
A. weaknesses B. importances C. consequences D. losses
Question 33. Which statement is NOT true?
A. Parents and coaches are sending children the message that winning is everything when they push
injured children to continue to play.
B. About 50 percent of children had some negative experience when playing sports.
C. Though children look up to their parents and coaches, they seldom copy adult aggressive behavior.
D. To knock oneself out means to try so hard that one becomes exhausted.
Question 34. What is the main idea of this article?
A. Playing sports can be hazardous to children's health.
B. Playing sports may have negative results.
C. Adults put too much emphasis on winning.
D. Children shouldn't indulge themselves in sports.
Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions from 35 to 42.
Most people are afraid of something. Some people are afraid of the dark while others are afraid of
cats or of driving on busy streets. There are some people who do not just have a normal fear of
something: they have a "phobia". The word phobia comes from the Greek word phobos, which means
fear. In addition, a phobia is different from just being afraid. A phobia is an extreme fear and it is a very
strong reaction to something.
For decades, psychologists have been interested in how the human mind works and why people
have phobias. However, no one can be certain what the causes of phobia are. Generally, there are two
main theories about what causes phobias. One theory is that a phobia is learned. For example, a girl got
bitten by a big dog when she was three. From this experience, she learns to be very afraid of dogs. Every
time she sees a dog, she feels afraid and thus develops cynophobia. There is another way she could learn
to develop this phobia by learning it from someone else. For example, whenever the girl and her father
are in a park and see a dog, the father gets very scared. The girl sees how her father reacts and she
develops cynophobia consequently.
The second theory says that a phobia is only a sign or a symptom of another problem. The phobia
itself is not a real problem. It is usually a serious emotional problem. For example, there is a woman who
is afraid of being in closed places. She has claustrophobia. According to this theory, she actually has
another problem: she is really showing her fear of something else, not necessarily the fear itself. What she
fears is not the closed places but her father, who was very strict and often yelled at her when she was
young. Her fear of being in closed places is only a sign of her serious problem concerning her father.
Although both theories look similar, there are still some differences between them. Knowing the
differences is important because it affects how the phobia is treated. If we know the cause, then we can
find the best treatment. If a phobia is learned, perhaps it can be unlearned. A psychologist who believes
the first theory will try to teach someone to react differently when he or she sees a dog. On the other hand,
a psychologist who believes the second theory will try to help the patient find the deeper problem and
how this deeper problem is related to the phobia.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/KiiTRS)
Question 35. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. A child may develop cynophobia from a dog bite.
B. Cynophobia cannot be learned from someone else.
C. People cannot learn to control their phobias.
D. A phobia is by no means a strong reaction to something.
Question 36. In which paragraph can the definition of phobia be found?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4.
Question 37. Which of the following jobs would be bad for someone who has claustrophobia?
A. grocery store clerk B. zookeeper
C. public park attendant D. elevator operator
Question 38. What does “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. being afraid . B. an extreme fear C. a strong reaction D. a phobia
Question 39. Which is the closest in meaning to the word “symptom” in paragraph 3?
A. character B. mark C. indication D. inclination
Question 40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of the causes of phobias?
A. The patient develops phobias from his/her own experiences.
B. The patient develops phobias because of his/her biological genes.
C. The patient develops phobias due to his/her emotional problems.
D. The patient develops phobias from how other people treat him/her.
Question 41. According to the first theory, if a phobia is learned, .
A. it cannot be cured
B. it shows the signs of another problem
C. it can be unlearned
D. it requires digging deep into the patients' emotions
Question 42. The passage was written mainly to .
A. introduce a new disease found by the psychologists in the world
B. explain the possible reasons of phobia and how they can be solved
C. emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of both theories
D. highlight the seriousness of all kinds of phobias
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
Question 43. You didn't go to our group study, so now you don't understand the lesson.
A. If you had gone to our group study, you would understand the lesson.
B. If you go to our group study, you will understand the lesson.
C. If you had gone to our group study, you would have understood the lesson.
D. If you went to our group study, you would understand the lesson.
Question 44. Phuong and Mai can speak English at the same fluency level.
A. Phuong speaks English as if she were Mai.
B. Phuong can speak English as fluently as Mai.
C. Phuong can speak English the way Mai does.
D. Phuong speaks English more fluently than Mai.
Question 45. I can't stand your whining any longer.
A. I can't keep up with your whining any longer.
B. I can't get on with your whining any longer.
C. I can't go on with your whining any longer.
D. I can't put up with your whining any longer.
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
Question 46. People were surprised at the news which the plane had crushed soon after take-off.
A B C D
Question 47. Realized that she had left her gloves, she returned to the theater for them.
A B C D
Question 48. Thanks for helping me out of the big trouble; I cannot express my gratitude too enough.
A B C D
Circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the
following questions.
Question 49. You are smelly. You didn't take a bath.
A. Despite having taken a bath, you still are smelly.
B. You need to take a bath because you are smelly.
C. If you had taken a bath, you would not be smelly.
D. You won't be smelly if you take a bath.
Question 50. He didn't prepare well for his test. He regrets it now.
A. Unless he had prepared well for his test, he wouldn't regret it now.
B. But for his ill preparation for his test, he wouldn't regret it now.
C. If it hadn't been for his good preparation for his test, he wouldn't regret it now.
D. If he had prepared well for his test, he wouldn't regret it now.
ANSWER KEY
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D
11. B 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. D
21. C 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. A
31. D 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. B
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. D