LEGAL MEDICINE
LONG EXAM RECALLS
NOVEMBER 2021
LONG EXAM 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO FORENSICS
The expert medical witness must
be a______ .
What is/are the difference/(s)
between ordinary physician and
the medical jurist
Rulings based on laws that
affect or deal with the practice of
medicine
are covered in:*
He was the personal physician
of Pope Innocent X and
Alexander VII and is considered
to be the “Father of Forensic
Medicine”
Branch or division of law which
defines crimes, treat of their
nature and provide for their
punishment
Which should NOT be done
when preparing the medico-legal
report of a
patient?
The first “police surgeon” and
forensic pathologist
1.2 INTRODUCTION TO DEATH AND CRIME
INVESTIGATION
A grandmother was insisting that
her helper be charged with
infanticide for the death of her 5-
day old grandson. The Assistant
City Prosecutor disagreed and
said that an infant is defined in
infanticide as a:
It is the explanation how the
cause of death came about?
What is the manner of death
when the body ceases to
function of its own accord or if
there are mitigating medical
factors such as heart disease,
terminal illness or the like which
A practitioner of medicine and
must have been a specialist on
the line he is testifying
The ordinary physician usually
ignores minor injuries
Litigation medicine
Legal med - mali ito sa canvas
Forensic med
Med juris
*We are not sure, sorry*
Paolus Zacchias
Note: nakalagay sa trans si
Bertillon Father of Foresic Med
but wala siya sa choices. When
I googled also, si zacchias daw
doc nila.
Criminal Law
You can prepare the report from
memory
Antistius
Child less than 3 days old
Manner of death
Natural
would bring about death?
Mr. Tan walked in on his son Parricide
and found him in bed with his
mistress. Enraged, he got his
gun and shot his son. He
committed what crime?
Café coronary is a sudden heart Accidental Death
attack in the middle of dinner due
to asphyxia by choking.
What manner of death is this?
Any person guilty of murder shall Without consideration of price,
be punished by a penalty ranging reward or promise
from temporal in its maximum
period to death if the crime
committed
with any of the following
attendant circumstances,
EXCEPT:
A man catches his common-law death inflicted under exceptional
wife and his lesbian partner in circumstances
the act of having sex in their bed.
He shoots the two of them. He is
liable for*
Based po sa meaning pero mali
siya sa canvas eto po ibang
choices
Murder
Homicide
Parricide
The presence of weapon which Cadaveric Spasm
is tightly grasped by the hand of
a victim of a shooting incident is
an example of
The following constitute When a man kills his common-
parricide, EXCEPT law wife
The event which produced the Immediate cause of death
fatality by initiating a natural and
continuous sequence of events
unbroken by an efficient
intervening cause and without
which the end result would not
have occurred is called:
1.3 EVIDENCE AND EVIDENCE COLLECTION
1.1 Long Exam Recalls
Which of the following is NOT a
requisite for the admissibility of
expert testimony?
Special methods used to
preserve human tissue sections
Which of the statements is true?
Which of the following is the
proof of facts from which when
taken collectively, the existence
of the particular fact in dispute
may be inferred as a necessary
or probable consequence
Dust in clothing, cerumen in the
ears and nail scrapings fall
under what category?
A dead male baby was
discovered in the garbaged ump.
Upon examination of the mouth
the temporary first molar has
already erupted. The
approximate age is
The best kind of evidence is one
which proves the fact without aid
of any inference or presumption.
This type of evidence is known
as___.
A person who gives his/her
opinion or conclusion on a given
scientific evidence is considered:
Dr. Miguel witnessed a shooting
incident while he was having his
morning coffee outside the
hospital. He was invited to the
court to testify. In this case, what
type of witness is Dr. Miguel?
Dr. Martin witnessed a shooting
incident while he was having his
morning coffee outside the
Emergency room. He was invited
to the court to testify. In this
case, what type of witness is Dr.
Miguel?
Evidence which may assist the
investigator in locating the
suspect:
LEGAL MEDICINE
LONG EXAM
Hearsay testimony
10% formalin
1.4 AUTOPSY
The most practical, useful and Errors result in the production of
reliable means of evidence The following are considered desirable artifacts
presentation is photograph, mistakes in autopsies, EXCEPT:
audio, or videotape, microfilm,
photostat and voice tracing P.D. 856 of Code of Sanitation,
Donations of human organs for Section 96
medical, surgical and scientific
purposes falls under:
Circumstantial Evidence
Medico-legal or official autopsy Providing interpretation and
is an examination performed on correlation of facts and
a dead body for the purpose of? circumstances related to death.
Foreign bodies Putrefactive changes happen 48 hours
after death; the abdomen
becomes distended in
12 months Rigor mortis is first evident in: Eyelids
An autopsy technique that Rokitansky
involved the removal of internal
organs in situ with en bloc
Direct evidence 1.5 FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION_
A method of identification that is Dental identification
ideally charted, photographed
and xrayed before the body is
released:
Expert witness
In the identification of human Ornamentations
remains, rings, bracelets,
Ordinary witness necklace,
earrings and lapel pin belong to
this category:
Jose was charged with robbery These are fingerprints which are
with homicide. One piece of readily visible
Ordinary witness evidence was a recovered
jewelry box which was found to
have latent fingerprints which
was matched to him. Another Other choices:
piece of evidence was a glass by
These are fingerprints which
the sliding door with patent prints
have been made on a soft
which was also matched to him.
surface
What are the patent fingerprints
that the police referred to?* These are fingerprints which
have three dimensional
characteristics
Trace Evidence These are fingerprints which
need further processing to
render them visible
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1.1 Long Exam Recalls
Is the art and study of recording
fingerprints as a means of Dactylography
identification.
One of the basis for using the There are no two identical
Bertillon System of Identification, fingerprints
includes the following, EXCEPT:
A verbal accurate and Spoken Picture
picturesque description of the
person identified is called____
The following are mistakes in Errors result in the production of
autopsies, EXCEPT desirable artifacts
Other Choices:
Error in the collection
evidence required
establishing the time of
Death
Omission in the collection of
evidence for identification
Omission in the collection of
evidence required for other
medico-legal
exams
One of the basis for using the There are no two identical
Bertillon System of Identification, fingerprints
includes
the following, EXCEPT
Other Choices:
The necessary tool can easily be
taken with the aid of simple
instrument
Human skeleton
unchangeable after the
year
It is impossible to find two
human beings having bones
exactly alike
An 18 year old female was found Forensic DNA Analysis
partially charred in remains of
the recent fires in Makati. She
was being claimed by multiple
individuals as their daughter or
wife. The best means of
ascertaining her identity is by
using ____?
LEGAL MEDICINE
LONG EXAM
Information included in the Length of the left middle finger
Anthropometric measurements,
Length of the left ear
includes the following, EXCEPT:*
Length of the left foot
Length of the right ear
Poroscopy
In fingerprint work, the term
applied to a specialized study of
the sweat gland opening of the
papillary ridges of the skin as a
means of identification:
of
for
Points of identification applicable Body ornamentations
to both the living and the dead,
EXCEPT:* Other choices:
Race
Scars
Moles
The chances of two fingerprints
being the same are calculated to 1 is to 64 Million
be ___.
The following are characteristics
which can easily be change in a Grade of profession
living person*
Other choices:
Mental memory
is Degree of nutrition
20th
Speech
1.6 SPECIAL DEATHS
A human being can survive 10 days
without food and water for how
many days:
Which of the following describes Ending the life of a person to
Euthanasia? relieve pain or suffering
A psychological classification of Third Degree Suicide
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1.1 Long Exam Recalls
suicide due to voluntary self-
injury:
The approximate time for the
completion of one case for DNA
testing:*
A type of euthanasia where there
is an attempt to extend the life
span of a person by the use of
extraordinary treatment without
which the patient would have
died earlier:
1.7 DISPOSAL OF HUMAN REMAINS
The methods of disposing of the
dead body are the following,
EXCEPT:
Permission of cremation of a
dead body should not be
granted, EXCEPT:
To ascertain the cause of death,
exhumation can be requested or
ordered by the following,
EXCEPT:*
According to the Code of
Sanitation (PD 856), which burial
ground requirement should be
met?
Exhumations is conducted due to
the following reasons, EXCEPT:
1.8 MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT OF DEATH
A condition simulating Rigor
mortis, where the body becomes
rigid or stiff due to the
solidification of fats
A process during decomposition,
wherein the fatty tissues of the
body are transformed to soft
brownish-white substance, moldy
LEGAL MEDICINE
LONG EXAM
in odor is called _______.
A body was discovered in an Putrefaction
abandoned lot. It was bloated
Minimum of four weeks and smelled of a foul odor and
was covered with maggots. The
medico-legal expert explained
that this condition was brought
Other choices: about by the breaking down of
complex proteins into simpler
Minimum of eight weeks components, followed by rapid
multiplication of bacteria which
minimum of two weeks results to the release of foul –
smelling gases. What is this
minimum of six weeks process?
The term suggilation or livor Postmortem blood pooling
Dysthanasia mortis refers to:
All are features of adipocere, Takes about 3 weeks to form
EXCEPT
An ocular sign of death , a Tache noir dela sclerotique
reddish brown discoloration is
transversely arranged across the
sclera is
48 hours
Use of body for organ donation
Moving maggots are expected
and ova of flies are seen in a
dead body at ______after death.
When the body has already been
embalmed
Postmortem Caloricity is Increased temperature within 2
the____. hours of death
CHOICES:
Police This is a test to determine the Winslow’s Test
presence or absence of
Prosecutor or Solicitor General respiration:
Court
Nearest kin
50 meters from any water source A condition simulating Rigor Cold stiffening
mortis, where the body becomes
rigid or stiff due to the
solidification of fats
To determine the approximate
time of death
Persistent vegetative state There is brainstem death
occurs when
Cold Stiffening
The state of complete cessation Somatic death
of respiration and other vital
Saponification functions of the brain, heart,
lungs etc., which maintain life
and health. It occurs the moment
a physician declared the patient
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1.1 Long Exam Recalls
dead __________
The cellular or molecular stage of
death is known as?
This is one of the changes in the
muscles, wherein the body is soft
and
relaxed, sphincters are relaxed
with urinary incontinence and
defecation:
The prominence of the superficial
veins during the process of
decomposition, that develops in
the abdomen, neck and
shoulders, is
called:
Appears during the later stages
of its formation when blood is
coagulated already:
Secondary flaccidity occurs due
to:*
LONG EXAM 2
2.1 LEGAL CLASSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL INJURIES
Clark was punched in the face
by Bruce resulting in the effusion
of blood in a newly formed cavity
underneath the skin over Clark’s
malar prominence. What do you
call the resulting injury to Clark?
Consider the picture.
What does the injury reveal for
sure about the nature of the
wounding instrument?
Consider the picture.
What was the direction of the
application of the force that
caused the injury depicted?
LEGAL MEDICINE
Rigor mortis
Stage of Primary Flaccidity
Marbolization
Diffusion lividity
Autolysis of the muscle
Hematoma
It has a sharp edge
Posterior to anterior
LONG EXAM
(S- Superior I- Inferior
A- Anterior P- Posterior)
Rody and Sonny got into an Serious Physical Injuries
altercation. In the course of the
fight that ensued involving
punching and kicking from both
parties, Rody’s knee had struck
Sonny right in the genitals.
Sonny required medical
attendance for only 7 days
although he thereafter became
sterile. What is the proper
criminal charge against Rody?
Consider the picture. What can Choices:
you reasonably infer from the
appearance of the injury a) The full length of the
pictured?* wounding instrument penetrate
b) The injury was self inflicted
c) The wounding instrument is
double edged
d) The victim was attacked from
behind
Petechiae may be differentiated Do not blanch with application of
from tiny vessels lying close to pressure
the skin surface in that, unlike
those vessels, petechiae
________.
Which of the following is NOT a Abdomen
typical location for defense
wounds?
physical injuries due to beating Less serious physical injuries
that incapacitates the victim for
labor for 30 days is classified
under the revised penal code as
A classic suicidal cut-throat has Wound edges showing several
which of the following sharp angles
characteristics?
Consider the picture. Which At least 18 hours old
among the following is the
MOST accurate estimate of the
age of the injury pictured?
5 OF 8
1.1 Long Exam Recalls
Consider the picture of a cut-
throat victim. What do you call
the wounds being exposed by
the two clamps?
Multiplicity is considered a
characteristic of _____ stab
wounds.
An increase in which of the
following will increase the
damage to the body the MOST?
Which is the least likely location
for a suicidal incised wound
among the following?
Consider the picture. Which of
the following can you probably
infer from the appearance of the
cadaver?
Consider the picture. This injury
was seen in a man who died of a
single stab wound to the chest.
Which of the following can you
reasonably infer from the injury
pictured?
LEGAL MEDICINE
Hesitation wounds
Homicidal
Velocity of the wounding object
Thigh
The deceased was originally
lying on its back
The cadaver has been moved
post-mortem
LONG EXAM
Walder was found alone and Choices:
dead in his fairly orderly room. a) Wounds tailed downward or
He had two closely located distally and to the left
parallel stab wounds over his
left anterior chest with abrasion b) The incised wounds over his
tailings downward to the left. He wrist were largely horizontal and
had three largely horizontal superficial
superficial incised wounds
over his left wrist tailing c) Walder was holding the
distally and to the left. He was bloody knife with his right hand.
found holding a bloody knife with
d) The stab wounds were
his right hand, which is his
closely located, parallel and
dominant hand. Among the
over the left anterior chest
foregoing circumstances
surrounding Walder’s death,
which would give the most
reason to suspend foul play?*
Which among the following open Puncture wounds
wounds would produce the Least
external hemorrhaging despite
possibly massive internal
hemorrhaging
Which is the characteristic of Tissue bridges
laceration?
2.2 GUNSHOT AND SHRAPNEL WOUNDS
Lack of burns, stippling, and (a) only
fouling around the gunshot
wound is consistent with which
of the following, if any?
(a) Indeterminate fire
entry wound at chest
(a) Shored exit wound at
left
The smallest shots Birdshot
A markedly lacerated gunshot
wound is consistent with which
of the following, if any? both a and b
(a) Firm contact fire entry
wound at the
abdomen
(b) unshored exit wound
at the upper back
In which of the following Both a and b
circumstances, if any, would
there be more gunshot exit
wounds than entry wounds?
(a) In case of exit through
6 OF 8
1.1 Long Exam Recalls LONG EXAM

a natural orifice cause is mainly due to?

(b) Iin case of bullet
fragmentation
Which of the following may be
washed and wiped off?
A gunshot would only injure the
organs in the bullet trajectory
The billiard ball ricochet effect
explains the?
What is loaded in rifles?
What is responsible for tattooing
seen in some gunshot entry
wounds?
the branch of ballistics that deals
with the study of the effect of the
bullet on the target?
which is a logical inference from
a positive paraffin test?
Consider the picture:
Which of the following is not a Singeing of hair is absent in
correct distinction between burn burns and present in scalds
and a scald burn?
Fouling
In death due by conflagration, Tracheobronchial lumina is
which of the following is the congested and stained with soot
medical proof that the person
was alive before his body is
False burned?
A charred body recovered from The flexor group is stronger than
Phenomenon of increasing conflagration is always in a the extensor
dispersal of shots within a pugilistic position because?
distance
Arborescent erythema is a Lightning injury
Cartridge characteristic of
Unburnt or partially burnt Which of the following is not Permanent markings in the body
propellant and primer true about Lichtenberg figures? of the injured person
lightning can cause a Compression of air
Terminal ballistics sledgehammer blow producing
concussion, shock or
consciousness. This is due to
which element of lightning?
The subject has been smoking
recently Which of the following is true Scalds under light clothing tend
about factors affecting scald to be worse than on exposed
Which is a possible weapon
burns? skin
used?
Which of the following is NOT a Cerebral hemorrhage
Pistol
mechanism of immediate death
in electric shock?

What is the range of fire? Close- Effect of burns in the body is Women can resist burns better
contact influenced by several factors. than men
Which of the following
statements is NOT valid?

What is the manner of death? 2.4 ASPHYXIAL DEATHS

Homicide Garroting or the Spanish method Strangulation
of judicial execution falls in what
classification of asphyxia?

True about the transverse tears There is no transverse intimal

in the intima of the carotid tears in hanging
arteries except?

Abrasion from wadding is seen
in which wounds?
Abrasion at the margins of a
gunshot wound is consistent with
which of the following, if any?
(a) firm contact fire entry
wound at the head
(b) shored exit wound at
the flank
A .22 caliber firearm has a ___.
Which is another name for the
paraffin test?
2.3 THERMAL, CHEMICAL, AND ELECTRICAL
INJURIES
In death due to lightning, the
In some shotgun entry wounds
Both (a) and (b)
Land-to-land distance in the
bore of 22 hundredths of an inch
Gonzales test
Electric shock
This special kind of asphyxia is Mugging
defined as the application of
pressure to the neck by means
of arm crooked from the rear?
Placing a plastic bag over the Smothering
head is the most common form
by accident of this type of
asphyxial death.
Throttling belongs to what Strangulation
classification of asphyxia?
This refers to the light red Paltauf’s spot
washed out appearing fingertip-
sized spots in drowning
Burking is a combination of what Mechanical asphyxia plus
types of asphyxia? Smothering

LEGAL MEDICINE 7 OF 8
1.1 Long Exam Recalls LONG EXAM

Which of the following is NOT a Contraction of right chambers of which of the following It is a crime against persons
classical sign of asphyxial the heart statements is true about the
death? crime of rape?

The diffusion of particulates in
blood in the left ventricle from
the water can be seen in which
test?
This refers to strangulation with
use of hands that may leave
extensive bruising
Ttrue about ligature marks in
hanging?
cafe coronary syndrome is
associated in which type of
asphyxia?
In case of Human Pile deaths
what type of asphyxia usually
occurs?
This test is used to determine
the chloride content difference in
the right and left chambers of the
heart
Diatom test the test determines whether Biological test of farnum
semen is of human origin or not-
This refers to the presence of an True physical virginity
intact hymen with distinct and
Throttling regular and regular edges and
where the opening barely admits
tip of the smallest finger even if
the thighs are...
Located high in the neck
one of the following is not a Impotence
complication of hymenal
Choking lacerations
Carnal knowledge refers to Slightest penetration of the
female sexual organ by the male
Mechanical Asphyxia sexual organ
Sexual intercourse is NOT Abduction
necessary in this crime
Gettler’s test
This test is deemed conclusive Acid phosphatase test
of the presence of semen

This refers to a situation when a Overlay

bigger person rolled over a baby
compressing the chest and face

Which of the ff. is not a correct Sphincter constriction leading to

explanation of asphyxia clinical voiding of urine
effect with its pathophysiology?

In secondary drowning, death Exhaustion

may occur due to the following
except

a) infection

b) pneumonitis

c) pulmonary edema

d) exhaustion

2.5 SEXUAL ASSAULT

Laceration or rupture of the Defloration
hymen as a result of sexual
intercourse

Kaka is 10 years old. She gave Kaka is a victim of statutory rape

consent to have carnal
knowledge with a male tourist
provided she is paid money.
Which is true?

Which of the following is NOT Inserting 2 fingers into another

considered as rape by sexual
assault?

This test is produced by the Florence test

action of iodine on choline which
may result to a presumptive
evidence of seminal fluid

LEGAL MEDICINE 8 OF 8