IGCSE Physics Formula sheet

Motion
Average speed (m/s) = distance (m)
Time (s)

Average velocity (m/s) = displacement (m) (v = s /t)

Time (s)

Acceleration = change in velocity (a = v-u)

Time t
Forces and pressure
Force (N) = mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s2) (F = ma)

Force (N) = rate of change of momentum (F = m v – mu)

T

Weight on Earth (N) = mass (kg) x 10 (m/s2) (F = mg)

Momentum (kg m/s) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s) (p = mv)

Density (kg/m3) = mass (kg) ( = M / V)

Volume (m3)

Hooke’s law: Force = constant x extension = kx (F = kx)

Pressure (Pa) = force (N) (P = F/A)

Area (m2)

Pressure underwater = height (m) x density (kg/m3) x gravitational field strength (10m/s2)
(P = h x  x g)

Moment of a force (Nm) = Force (N) x perpendicular distance from pivot (m)
(Moment = Fd)
Energy and work
Work (J) = Force (N) x distance (m) (E = Fd)

Power (W) = work (J) (P = E/t)

Time (s)

Kinetic Energy (J) = ½ x mass (kg) x velocity2 (KE = 1/2mv2)

Gravitational potential energy (J) = mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (g) x height (m)
(GPE = mgh)

Efficiency (%) = useful energy output (J) x100

Total energy input (J)

Energy (J) = mass (kg) x specific heat capacity (J/kg oC) x change in temperature (oC)

Waves
Wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m) (c = f)

Refractive index = speed of light in vacuum (n = v1 / v2)

Speed of light in material

Refractive index = 1 / sin (critical angle in degrees) (n = 1 / sin c)

(n = sin i / sin r)
sini
refractiveindex =
sinr
Gas laws
Pressure x volume = constant (when
when a gas is it constant temperature
temperature)
(PV = constant)
For change in pressure:

Electricity
Current (A) = charge (C) (I = Q/t)
Time (s)

Voltage (V) = Current (A) x Resistance () (V = IR)

Power (W) = Current (A) x Voltage (V) (P = IV)

Energy transferred (J) = Current (I) x Voltage (V) x time (s) (EE = IVt)

Resistors in series:

Resistors in parallel:

Transformers:
Power in primary = Power in secondary (IpVp = IsVs)

Radioactive decay