TYPES OF

STATICAL DATA

BY GROUP 5
MEMBER OF GROUP 5

Nada Syafia Fariza (A1B219056)

Farida Nur'aini (PMM2100147)
Intan Aprillia D. C (PMM2100282)
Vino Mujahidin (PMM2100174)
Chintya Maharani (PMM2100220)
DATA TYPES IN STATISTICS

Data Types are an important concept in statistics,

which needs to be understood, to correctly apply
statistical measurements to your data and therefore
to correctly conclude certain assumptions about it.
CATEGORICAL
(QUALITATIVE)
Categorical data represents characteristics.
Therefore it can represent things like a
person’s gender, language etc. Categorical
data can also take on numerical values
(Example: 1 for female and 0 for male).
Note that those numbers don’t have
mathematical meaning.
NOMINAL DATA
Nominal values represent discrete units and are used to label variables, that have
no quantitative value. Just think of them as „labels“. Note that nominal data that
has no order. Therefore if you would change the order of its values, the meaning
would not change. You can see two examples of nominal features below:
ORDINAL DATA
Ordinal values represent discrete and ordered units. It is therefore
nearly the same as nominal data, except that it’s ordering matters. You
can see an example below:
NUMERICAL DATA

Numerical data is a data type expressed in

numbers, rather than natural language
description. Sometimes called quantitative data,
numerical data is always collected in number
form. Numerical data differentiates itself from
other number form data types with its ability to
carry out arithmetic operations with these
numbers.
 DISCRETE DATA

We speak of discrete data if its values are distinct and separate. In other
words: We speak of discrete data if the data can only take on certain
values. This type of data can’t be measured but it can be counted. It
basically represents information that can be categorized into a
classification.
An example is the number of heads in 100 coin flips.
You can check by asking the following two questions whether you are
dealing with discrete data or not: Can you count it and can it be divided up
into smaller and smaller parts?
 CONTINUOUS DATA

Continuous Data represents measurements and therefore their values can’t

be counted but they can be measured. An example would be the height of
a person, which you can describe by using intervals on the real number line.

interval data
rational
INTERVAL DATA

Interval values represent ordered units that have the same difference. Therefore we
speak of interval data when we have a variable that contains numeric values that are
ordered and where we know the exact differences between the values.
examples of Interval data:

Temperature (°C or F, but not Kelvin)

Dates (1066, 1492, 1776, etc.)
Time interval on a 12-hour clock (6 am, 6 pm)
RATIO DATA
Ratio Data are measured and ordered with equidistant items and a meaningful zero and never be
negative like interval data.

An outstanding example of ratio data is the measurement of heights. It could be measured in centimetres,
inches, meters, or feet and it is not practicable to have a negative height.

Ratio data enlightens us regarding the order for variables, the contrasts among them, and they have
absolutely zero. It permits a wide range of estimations and surmisings to be performed and drawn.
Example of Ratio data:

Age (from 0 years to 100+)

Temperature (in Kelvin, but not °C or F)
Distance (measured with a ruler or any other assessing device)
Time interval (measured with a stop-watch or similar)
CONCLUSION

In coclusion, we learned about the various data types used

in statistics. we learned what nominal, ordinal, interval, and
ratio measurement scales are, as well as the difference
between discrete and continuous data.