® [WORLD CENTRE FOR MATERIALS JOINING VIM vweworocy 2 # can Kale Kholapena7 pre Leck Ans tent ote) be veh wr > 92 y-pef nitions » €PiFD 2 z to —fAle 2, SH —” y | conipfant coat yu. = )teny term Pretec ten “ yee pp PAIS lghere > pcan: 7 vain Se piudes gems “0g PAINTING INSPECTION LEVEL 1 TWI Ltd, Training and Examination Services » tePAINTING INSPECTION LEVEL 1 CONTENTS SECTION TITLE o1. CORROSION 02. RIG/PLATFORM DETAILS 03. CONDITIONS FOR OFFSHORE INSPECTION 04, STRUCTURES AND DEFINITIONS 05. SURVIVAL AND OFFSHORE INDUCTION TRAINING 06. HEALTH REQUIREMENTS FOR OFFSHORE WORKING 07. OFFSHORE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 08. OFFSHORE PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION (PFP) 09. ANTIFOULING PAINTS 10. ALARMS AND ESCAPE ROUTES uu. SAFETY SIGNS AND RELEVANT COLOURS TO BS 5378 (1980) SPECIFICATION FOR COLOUR & DESIGN 2. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION BY PIPE COLOUR CODING TO BS 1710 (1975 13. CATHODIC PROTECTION 14. INSULATION 15, REVISION QUESTIONS COMPANY PRACTICES & SPECIFICATIONS ~ CP-C-155CORROSION Corrosion can be generally defined as “Degradation of a metal by chemical or Electro- chemical means”. ' From this definition it is ob circuit and secondly a ch jus that fo mechanisms are involved, firstly an electrical reaction. Electrical Cireuit uit the current is always D.C. (Direct Current). It is conventionally thought that a current passes from positive + to negative -, i.e. fiom anode to cathode. In fact electrons are flowing in exactly the opposite direction, from cathode to anode. For corrosion circuit to exist three things are needed: a Anode ( +) ‘An anode is a positively charged area. It becomes positively charged because the stoms release two electrons each, thus causing an imbalance between protons and electrons, positive and negatively charged units. In it’s passive stale, the iron atom has 26 of each, protors and electrons, when the tivo electrons are released the atom still has it’s 26 protons, but now only 24 electrons. In this state the atom is now an ion, overall positively charged by two units and written as Fe", (An ion is a charged particle, and can be positive or negative, @ single atom or a group of atoms, known as a molecule.) This losing of electrons can be shown as: - Fe > Fe + 2e. The Fe" is called a positive iron ion. An ion can be positive or negative and isa charged particle, an atom or a group of atoms. A passive iron atom Fe 26 protons and An iron ion Fe", 26 protons and only 26 electrons. 24 electrons @ Bi — naw: Figure 1.1 iron atoms b) Cathode (-) A cathode is a negatively charged area where there are more electrons than needed in its passive state, These are electrons released from the anode. At the cathode the electrons enter into the electrolyte to pass hack to the anode. Painiing Inspection Level 1 Rev O January 05 TWI woupervne ro Corrosion Lt Mateeiatsionsie Copyright @ 2008. TW Lad CM Sicinoroes©) Electrolyte An electrolyte is a substance, which will conduct a current and be broken down by it, (dissociate into ions). Water is the most abundant electrolyte and also very efficient. Acids, alkalis and salts in solution are also very efficient electrolytes, As the electrons pass into the electrolyte it is dissociated into positive and negative ions, as shown by the formula: - 2H,052H" + 20H. Simultaneously the electrons couple back with the Hydrogen ions to form two full Hydrogen atoms, which join together diatomically to form Hydrogen gas. This is termed as being evolved, or given off from the cathode. The hydroxyl ions return to the igh the electrolyte carrying the « ‘The corrosion triangle, as shown below, can illustrate the electrical circuit. The electron cireuit can be seen to be from anode A, to cathode C, through the electrolyte E, back to A. E A c Figure 1.2 The corrosion triangle ‘The Chemical Reaction From the above we can see that no chemical reaction, (combination of clements) has occurred at the cathode, or in the electrolyte. ‘The chemical reaction, the formation of corrosion products, only occurs at the anode, The positive iron ions, Fe++, receive the returning hydroxyl ions and ionically bond together to form iron hydroxide, which is hydrous iron oxide, rust, and is shown by the formu * + 20H Fe (OH); It is now apparent that corrosion only occurs at the anode, never at the cathode. Hence the term cathodic protection. ‘fa structure can be made to be the cathode i it, it will not corrode, ‘The corrosion triangle shows the three elements needed for corrosion to occur, anode, cathode and electrolyte. If any one of these three is removed from the triangle, corrosion cannot occur. The one most commonly eliminated is the electrolyte. Placing a barrier between the electrolyte and the anodic and cathodic areas, in the form of a coating oF paint system does this. If electrolyte is not in direet contact with anode and cathode, there ean be no cireuit, and so no ‘The basic corrosion reaction, as explained above, occurs fairly slowly at ambient temperatures. In common with all chemical reactions certain factors can increase the reaction rate, isted below are some of these. Painting inspection Level 1, Rev 0 January 08 TWI wouncarneron Corrosion 12 NATERIALSJONING LEM ‘ecimoroev Copyright © 2005, TWI Lidfa 1 Temperature. Steel, in common with most metals, is thermodynamically unstable. ‘The hotter the steel is the faster the corrosion will occur. 72 Hygroscopic Salts. A hygroscopic salt is one, which will attract water and dissolve : it. When salts are present on a substrate and a coating is applied over them, water ‘will be drawn through the film and the resulting solution builds up a pressure under the film. Eventually the film is forced up to form blisters, These blisters are called or hygroscopic blisters, and are defined as ‘pinhead sized water filled ‘Sulphates and Chlorides are the two most common salts,(chlorides predominant in marine environments, and sulphates in industrial areas and sometimes agricultural )* 3 Aerobic condi (presence of oxygen). By introducing oxygen into the cathodic reaction the number of Hydroxyl ions doubles. This means that double the number -of iron ions will be passivated and therefore double the corrosion rate. Shown by Lec UL 92? 2HLO + 02 + 4e > 4OH- Ke Ase 7 4 Presence of some types of bacteria the metal surface, for exarhple Sulphur Reducing Bacteria, beter known as SRBSs, or MEMs, Metal Eating Microbes Metals can be listed in order of nobility. A noble metal is one, which will not corrode. In ‘descending order, the further down the list the metal is, the more reactive it is, and so, the more anodic it is, the metal loses its electrons to become reactive ions. The degree of activity can be expressed as potential, in volts. The list can be called a Galvanie List, but when the free potentials of the metals are known it can also be called the Electro Motive forces se or the Electro-Chemical series. Below is a list of some metals in order of nobility with potentials as measured using a copper/copper sulphate half-cell reference electrode, in seawater at 25°C. Mater: ‘Known Potential AV. Values Graphite +025 Titanium 0.0¥ Silver =0.1V Nickel 200 = 0.15 ¥ Lead 2 ‘Admiralty Brass =0.3v Copper =0.35¥ Tin = 0.35 Mill Scale =04v Low Alloy Steel =0.7¥ 2 Steel =0.7¥ ‘Aluminium Alloys =0.9¥ jee Zine =1.0¥ foe [Magnesium =16y From the list above it can be seen that millseale is immediately above steel on the galvanic list. This means that millscale is cathodic to steel, and if left on the surface of stecl will accelerate the corrosion of the sleel substrate. ining Inspection Level 1. Rev D January OS TTWI wou cevine rox Corrosion 13 By MATERIALSJOINING Copyright © 2005, TW Lid CERANOLONY,Millscale is formed during the rolling operation lof steel sections e.g. RSC, RSA, RSJ. The oxides of iron form very quickly at temperatures in excess of 580c. The first oxide Tormed is FeO, iron oxide, the next is FesO, and last of all Fe,O3. Common names in order are Wastite, Magnetite and Haematite. These oxides are compressed during the rolling operation to ‘produce blue millscale. The thickness of millscale varies from 25 to 100 um. Because millscale is only produced during rolling, when it has been removed by any surface preparation method, it can never re-cur. oO ve ee 32 by Ase > Aeted steht eo at =) psa 3» Aeltk arecY ante — vite ’ i Tl ad bap deat a, ah ants ce Ye se 23 gf Rep) lev Tatning Tnopecton Lave Rev O January 05 i Corrosion 14 TERIALS JOINING Copsight ©2005, TW Led CZF ecioroexRIG/PLATFORM DETAILS Crown block ‘Travelling block Hook (2/4) Swivel Standpipe Motion compensator=2/-<-> <0! po Bifeek Mayt Kelly ihe Drawworks Flexible hose Drilling fine Hee Power unit to _Ingoing mud bead Mud ia Mud pumps = som Drill string Rotary table BOP stack bte~ aif prevented oe : Ge vd a loo & eH 25 Retuming mud —___+| lo eet Ow we | | Figure 2.1 Derrick and other main components of a drilling rig Piniing Inspection Level 1 Rev 0 Janay OS “EWI wonnocamesoe gPlatform Dessils 21 MA4ERIALSIOWING bill ee GEM Ficiwowwey Copyright © 2005, TWI LidDirectional drilling Multiple well platform Directional drilling Figure 2.2 Directional drilling Deviation 1,500 feet (41 about metres) ea Painting Inspection Level 1. Rev 0 January 03 Rig/Platform Details Copyright © 2005, TWH Ltd WORLD CENTREFOR MATERIALSJOINING TECHNOLOGY TW ZAMetres 9 5 10 15 20 Feet 0 15 30 45 60 Main deck Blevalioa atta 2 Metres 0 5 10 15 20 Feet 0 15 30 45 60 Figure 2.3 Plan view and elevation of the jack-up drilling unit Neptune | Painting Inspection Level 1, Rev January 05 EWI worporvnc ror Rig/Platform Details 23 Zar sstisissonaxe Copyright © 2005, TWI LidDrilling rig Derrick ly F bos 1 NN Tr t ‘Accommodation — « [Bow girder deck | | Flow pipe le to well #— Steel column Sea surface I] fra Bracing conductor out | I+ Water outflow ee Water tower Oil inflow I Oil outflow : | Water inflow Riser Ht Caisson roi 7 1 fi Seabed Lr ll Doo. : 4 Skirt * Figure 2.4 Diagrammatic view of ANDOC gravity structure showing oil intake, storage and flow system. Painting Inspection Level 1. Rev O January 05 Rig/Platform Deisils 24 Copyright © 2003, TWH Lid NIREFOR DINING: TasAutomatic master valve a Manual master valve all FUL Space betwee casings filled wj cement : Seabed Buried 32" pipeline oil te Cruden Bay | Figure 2.5 between casing flow diagram for Forties field platform showing position of cement in spacesoo Painting Inspection Level 1, Rev 0 January 05 TWH wonpcarmeror Riv/Piatform Details 27 a Zar “Sstesaisionnc Copyright © 2005, TWI Lid TECINOLOOY25,000 f T-ton capacity derrick capacity crane i es \ ts capacity cranes Overall height 325 ft Deck height Living quarters for 65 men Deck 9 ft diameter tubular members isson 35 ft diameter ising column Mooring system c bis 9 lines of 3-inch chain es 4. Pontoon 80 ft diameter and each 2,500 ft long with ray 30 fi deep 30,000-Ib anchor > rae Figure 2.8 Pontoon type semi-submersible drilling rig (Sedco 1) Drill floor Painting Inspection Level 1. Rev O January 05 Twi 28 mn Copyright © 2005, TWI Lid WORLD CHTREFOR (MATERIALS JOMNING TTECHINOLOSYFigure 2.9 Twin-hull semi-submersible drilling tig (Zapata) Bentonite & barite storage tanks Reserve ‘mud tank Flare stack | Drawworks Barite & cement storage Drilling derrick Accommodation modules ‘Seawater deoxygenatia columns Cement storage tanks Generator house control roam, Wel: logging MOI turbine unit exhausts: Helideck Produetion : 7 Derrick deck oil/gas separators pes att Test oil/gas Nas Elevator shaft separator Gas turbines & generators Air lock TW] wortpcentreron Zap Narenssonie TECHNOLOGY.Figure 2.10 Cut-away drawing of a Forties field production platform in the North Sea Figure 2.11 Drawing of Casub structure tension leg platforin) Copyright © 2005, TW1 LuaDerrick F — Elevating Logging racks unit Drawworks Helicopter —t deck Shale shake hale shal tevin desanding ani degassing unit quarters Anchors Legs tilting me hinges units Neues 2 st i | bs i sat Spud tanks _ V Figure 2.12 Slani leg jaek=tip Neptune Gascogne ff aang Tspasion Level Rev Tay 08 sneered Copyright © 2005, TWI Ltd[MATERIALS JOINING TECHNOLOGY TW] wore covneror Cir Steel jacketIntermediate columns. Stabilising column _, Figure 2.14 Semi-submersible drilling rig Aker H-5 showing the intermediate columns f Painting Inspection Level 1. Rew 0 January 05 TWIT wonpcaneros Rig/Platform Details, 213 Za Nasars sone Copyright © 2005, TWH Lid TECHNOLOGYColumns <+— containing risers Storagefballast cells Protective skirt iy’ Figure 2.15 Subtank design fora gravity storage platform ( Painting Inspection Level 1. Rev 0 January 05 RigPI Copyright © 2005, TWH Ltd TWI woxcesrne ron form Details 244 By MATERIALSIOINING TECHNOLOGY,@eecos Derrick Helipad 3 goo Flare bridge Figure 2.16 Piled stee! platform Ye CF Painting Inspection Level 1, Rev Q January 05 TWI wortpcemeron Rig/Platform Details 245 ZZU7 MATERAISIONNG Copyright © 2005, TWI LidPrey aries ey Premrunt abi pre Tle waz Trdlel mse Sspeash epfer nea~ ashore Urs elu» widew gut ores encapsulated yb jreF 2, .A Unterzer- Ngento ae gen Breach DE Ce | CRB Beak LL dupes convenientle col DUE gre rigee Drtyese oy, DITIONS FOR OFFSHORE INSPECTION £7¢,% £072 Ube threat CONS Pro Portion be (encountered! or acy Frer <5) Regardless of geographical location, surface preparation and the subsequent painting of these > areas are subject to inspection procedures, and offshore working is no exception. However | ‘many other factors need to be taken into consideration when working offshore. Stringent safety rules and systems are in operation to safeguard all personnel. Breach of these rules can result in an individual being sent back to the “beach” on the next available helicopter. The working environment is different in every aspect. Accommodation is at a” premium and therefore long working hours are the norm, typically 12 hours per day for seven days per ‘week with a work pattern of two weeks on the platform and one week home. ‘The actual work programmes are also influenced by different factors. ‘The jacket legs in the - splash one and tidal zones must be worked to suit the tides. For instance surface preparation follows the tide down and the subsequent painting has to be done starting at the bottom and letting the tide follow upwards. Better done on neap tides as these are the lowest and so areas further down the leg can be treated. (There are two neap tides and two spring tides, highest, per month and are governed by the earth/moon positions.) * to te Deposit wees the heli - nol 5 -by service boat. Because of the shorter application widow, production demands are higher and it may be reqi i ed fo blast and paint in an encapsulated area. (Totally enclosed so as not interfere with everyday operations. The enclosure may be made of wood or plastie bat not in, the purpose being to pose no threat or hazard to working plant or operators during est proportion of problems encountered are directly due to the nis, among which are: Salts, Fog or Sea frels are common in summer ionths and salt from the seawater is deposited on the structure. High relative humidity because of the proximity of the sea Ultra Violet Light. The seawater reflects UVA & B and in effect the sirscture suffers double exposure. Erosion and Impact Damage from flotsam and moving water, lateral water flow due to tides is moderate in most areas but still erodes away coatings. Winds. Because of the different thermal characteristics of water and land, the air pressures cause severe wind changes. Fast changing weather patterns, again due to temperature, pressure and humidity changes. ‘Tide changes. High and Low tides vary from season to season as well as during each month and so the most advantageous time should be chosen for tidal work Turbulence from swell and tides is high ‘The different areas on a plaiform requiring a different approach to maintenance, varying from submerged areas, areas in the splash zone and the atmospheric zone. poder are culls 6 axel erodes ent Flotsam osyT=T Partern yi Ib Swell Jyh ore Painting Inspection Level 1. Rev 0 January 05 . WORLD STREFOR Conditions for Offshore Inspection 3 a Copyright © 2005, TWH Lid Zap ste on TLCHNOLOSDerenrtron ae Moorved exe Kg abbas orb Tew grills ka? s Shari pr fing, SE oe 4 Ding oyxybl ble pai: SF fleT bles Barge ple mM Cotutes oh Erected ae 1 et ug ve Ase obs ae Ri GOVOUS eer “UB Ths tank otl gcalm| vreme wig e =, Y cat lt if RUCTURES AND DEFINITIONS a an iee® oe corte, © el gmr OPETLLE O2fV LAP bys Cob A Rig Technically, a rig is not cote tat see, bots emmavablecderacrare, mead Suck ups ‘The legs ate lowered onto the seabed and the deck raised above water level. When the required operation is completed the legs are raised (lowering the deck to flotation level) and the rig can be towed or self powered to another position. Usually used in relatively shallow” waters, Platforms Platforms however are actually moored or fixed to the seabed. A platform is constructed in several sections, and can be fixed to the seabed by piling, or they can be semi submersible and fixed by means of “tension legs”. ‘The Jacket The jacket is the legs or support structure, this is constructed onshore and floated out into jon, where it is lifted and put in exact location using a derrick barge. These are huge floating platforms which house cranes capable of lifting thousands of tons, counter balanced by water filled tanks. The cranes are also used to pile the jacket into position. Modules Vobpeab! Hoo ue ene send ( Modules are then placed in position on the jacket. These are purpose built sectional buildings incorporating compressor units or process units, accommodation or dining modules and when all are jojned together called they form an offshore = all required facilities) Modules are erected up to three units high. Sometimes the accommodation is on a separate platform joined via a bridge or walkway. All platforms and rigs have to undergo rigorous examinations and tests to ensure that they can withstand the extremes of tide and temperature, sea depth and seabed conditions, before being issued with a certificate of fitness to operate. A Riser ‘A riser is the vertical pipe, which joins the production facility to the subsea pipe to carry the product back to the beach to the processing plant. This pipe will previously have been laid by means of “a lay barge” Other Related Definitions Atmospherie Zone The area above the splash zone up to the cellar deck, Copyright © 2005, TWH Lad ole AE bet! submersrbegj2be Pemiek dakar onthetle Warer 273 7 oo sue TBM Coes, pg Fe chamber _gtt we Carsson yee col OY 25 Nhe Bd Tu bring wd ee pRB PRISE, / cellar Ale of hg con cy hill, Arpoegred xkcd MOLE of Git, Liabre Js Bracthy fire Mec? SI0N ge starricate ops, jena Roe Caisson ‘A subsea cil storage facility usually on the seabed, —_—— definition. Blow ourylity sy « Liles Prevenrer werd dictionary Casing Tubing Pipes, which are drilled through and subsequently, cemented in place to conduct the product, oil/gas, from the well to the platform. Cellar Deck ‘The first deck on the platform above the spider deck. The area below the rotary table on a drilling rig Conductors The pipes from the wells to the topside pipe work. Helideck ‘A special deck area allocated to helicopter landing. Le bay HG Node (” Ade pte A point at which a number of cross bracings, tubular members are joined to a vert column. Ina large offshore structure, node building calls for high quality, precision engineering, and intricate welding Spider Deck A substructure beneath the main deck. Usually gives access to safety boats and stand by boats. = ‘SplastiZone | ir Generally above the water line but liable to be affected by wave action. SS The splash zore isa joose demarcation boundary, which dictates the type of anti-corrosion coating. prt LAT bewesr austrenemicd” grote Mit der poe Mike st astronemtee — Cot elt Bounclory J+ Demarcatyon bo ocr seslesb oles Painting Inspection Level 1. Rev 0 Janary 05 Ir Senin cera roR FE te « Structures & Delinitions 42 MATERIALSJOINING Copyright © 2008, TWH Lid ‘ietwoLocy Drerares on whe subsery choy sr Ti « poled austronomicd tiller « chybSpud sik yl isus tat, SETENATA Sager Fede caterer py Suto WoPered oh pb stoctosh exco: beck 24 xmas: christmas. Festeonedh -xSTT De, 2 strete. ra Gel ob JE cont?nentar Gb & SHELF org OL tS 3b a oe S790 X rg. Category B Permanently assigned personnel with specialist fire fighting duties (usual place of ‘employment is offshore). + Category C ‘Those who work offshore occasionally i.e, personnel who normally work onshore but who in the course of their normal duties may have to spend up to 15 days or nights offshore during a twelve month period, * Category D Tl ey The category, which is applicable to the individual, will dictate only the minimum training required. The offshore operators may have their own specific training requirements. | Prior to actually working offshore, personnel should receive safely related training. This training can be given in four situations. PPaining Inspection Level 1. Rev O Janvary 05 “EWI wont cexrneror Survival & Offshore Induction Training Sa Zar MateRALsIoNING Copyright © 2005, TWI Lid|‘ feculiay ope) —yF Not With the exception of the visitor classification, at initial and refresher courses approved by OPITO. : : All personnel, before boarding helicopter. bs. Before going out to or just having arrived at a platform for the first time. u. ‘Through the exercises and safety drills peculiar to each installation. ‘The above represents the minimum requirements for survival, fire fighting and eme-gency safety training. Personnel not fulfilling the minimum requirements would not be permitted to work offshore. (‘There are obviously different requirements for each category but all categories have general requirements including. 7 ane a) Helicopter escape procedures. t 2 beat b) ‘Use of survival equipment on helicopters. » pote! ©) Survival techniques, ‘eke bv ¢) Fire fighting. : Painting Inspection Level 1. Rev 0 January 03 TWI Wonncesreron Survival & Offshore Induction Training Copyright © 2005, TWI Lid Cap senatsionin ‘TECHNOLOGY ©Bracker sy 3b Dr shar opes Sy fi2y » StrMgeNt Tim yee BIEatK a fy ee fete one | solo ret outbound Is fy cr’ Penden Ei: DecKart oxFo uel § ort? Formers — ~aedbe « a we c HEALTH REQUIREMENTS FOR OFFSHORE WORKING ‘The UKOOA document, Guidelines for Medicals Aspects of Fitness for Offshore Work requires that all personnel engaged to work offshore must have a certificate of medical fitness before even attending the emergency training courses. ‘The platform operator has the final decision to make on who can or cannot work offshore but should take into account the information from the medical. Certain medical conditions automatically disbar personnel from offshore work, (and itis not uncommon for operators to apply other Stringent conditions e.g. breathalising prior to outbound flight.) One operator actually requires certificates of dental fitness because of they Diabetics if declared, cannot work offshore Celiaes (flour aversiony’are similarly disbarred, Regulations govern exactly what a medical kit offshore should contain, even down to specific size and type of safety pin. The regulations also specify which medicines and tablets should bee stocked for a specific number of personnel and which are allowed to be dispensed by the qualified first aider. Aversion cae 1 yi L Flwe age af Derhenred Prn OTe Sle ove DrBPENSE ey TD! Gr zeiF Painting Inspection Level 1. Rev O January 03 "TWH \wonup cexmeror Health Requirements for Offshore Working 6.1 MATERIALSIORING Copyright © 2005, TWH Lid TECHNOLOGY€ Sta Cutory cybGb Paramounr Fy Ty concetvabre Glee yw c wevKare glalowe Sole Ys Licked esl os Reserve tion carpe) Gch ins? CYCLE cole Toeca? ust ¢ _, OFFSHORE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS ¢07¥21S07 ou Seu Combe cp Inrvinsicallyy as Permessssb7e bl + © The dated 1976 is a Statutory Instrument document entitled: ‘Th® Offshore > jot at “f ‘This document or a copy must be available on the platform fot all personnel to refer to, if required. It provides the rules (statutory) for safety, health and welfare of personnel working offshore. (All required information has been extracted and is contained within these notes.) General Restrictions (yp U2 Safety, is of paramount importance for personnel working offshore, every individual is responsible for his/her own safety and the safety of others. The platforms are producing and processing highly flammable hydrocarbon compounds and as such are at high risk of explosions and fire, and also from individuals falling into the sea. Every conceivable precaution is taken to avoid these occurrences, including. {1 Smoking is only allowed in specified areas. ie |? Aca igo st Sn pee os ae . M SASSY 4. Allivork imust be done under a permit system It is the employers responsibility (contractors) to ensure that all personnel are conversant with . permissible work conditions and safety considerations offshore, ultimately (ble in etarge pa compe ten Chain of Responsibility Gear 0=4 re BP aspointed ark In accordance with the Statutory Instrument SI 1019 the authorises ‘a responsible person as “ a) The structure of the installation, b) The electrical equipment of the installation, ©) The mechanical equipment of the instalat * d) Lifting appliances and lifting gear. | ©) Drilling operation. ( f) Production operations. Painting Inspection Level 1, Rev 0 January 03 a i ‘ Offshore Safety Requirements 71 Ly rear NN Copyright © 2005. TWH Ltd premouaeGe br lounge ral=IGhl evacuation We 8) ‘The handling and storage of acids, caustic alkalies, explosives, radioactive and other dangerous substances and:~ h) Any other unusual or dangerous operations. And of course the list of responsible persons: A good checklist for new arrivals on a platform afer booking in and probably accommodation allocation i Check what is the evacuation signal. Check what is the evacuation procedure. Check where the fire alarms are. Check where the fire fighting appliances are, Check the location of the evacuation equipment e.g. Brickers. Check where the emergeney points are. ayveeee Permit to Work System Work permits are needed for all types of work carried out on a platform and fall into two categories. a) Hot Work Permit which will be capable of igniting flammable product, on the platform. This covers blasting, spraying, hand and power tool cleaning Painting Ispssion Level 1 Rev 0 Janney 08 TWI woucameron Ishore Safety Requirements 2 MATERIALS JOINING pee cee 7 ‘TECHNOLOGY Copyright © 2005, TWI Lidbl concelvabre proitl « Goda Axreseoxtzire! ‘ en [© House Xezerng, rake oe) under taping Sple Sie sarey Were oon Authorisation’ 13555 i Routine colente rai compe renr Gyre cs b) Cold Work Permit ( NB: Whilst a hot work permit is issued in the knowledge that moving machinery is involved and sparks may occur. Every conceivable precaution is taken to cut the occurrence or possibilty to bare minimum e.g. compressors are fitted with spark aresters and as required to the compressor, which shall be earthed (cath wi wire bolted to the structure. Some equipment has special threaded fittings for this purpose) and compressors shall meet Health and Safety requirements. ‘A permit to work system may to some people seem to be extreme, but the underlying reasons for it are a safeguard in many different ways. To, ensure» that equipmentsor- systems have: been made safé"so that work may proceed. 6 ‘Topprovide a record showing that required precautions have been fulfilled. A Permit for Vessel Entry (Enclosed Space) : i ~ This must beyabove 20% (in ee ale oxygen with 3.76 x that percentage of nitrogen. At concentrations less than this the body loses functionality until eventually at approximately 12% we become unconscious, below this we suffer heart failure). Itis also a requirement that ~epermits, unconscrous ¢Zge Copyright © 2003, TWH Lide Relies o2/Ne! Inetemenr wi « Jasle, Lntegyic cle z f d a! 6 ie, Watley tpt 2 wegeherroor begles pak cbyperenn 33 it narke referable” oa toe been Cee) ok yp lage BD ¢ Lat] Scaffolding Requirements The Statutory Instrument SI 1019 states certain requirements for scaffolding safety, among them being the certification of personnel and qualifications required by personnel defore being able to certify scaffolding as safe for use. Scaffolding is a very responsible job requiring trained personnel, as the safety and well being of all trades and workers on a platform relies on scaffolding for access. All scaffolding must be inspected every seven days ory after inclement weather»which could » vaffect the integrity of the structure. A ok be signed by the scaffolding inspector and placed in a weatherproof plastic wallet, visible to all, signifying that the scaffold is safe. A means that the scaffolding is not safe to acc This is known as thi tem and is just one of many ways of v 1g a scaffolds safety. In the scaftag System the requirement is that the scaffolding must be inspected by “ay ompetetparsan”, ‘being one who has attained the advanced scaffolders qualifications, preferably independent from the scaffolding company, although the competent person can be a supervisor. (| SE LEE SSI SDE ara It requires that the imum working width should be 65em with a toeboard height of 1Sem where practicable, When the platform working height is more than 2m or where ee can fall into tie sea the requirement is that there should bethree e guard rails. Whenever it is impractical to compl ith the three Safety net should be employed. In the event of a safety net being impracticable each operator should be secured to the structure by means of a saiety belt and line. ) should be worn when the safety nets, belt and line are not practical and especially ‘when there is a danger of falling into the sea. (Life jackets must be worn when so requested by an “responsible person”) “YOver the side working is not specifically restricted by British Gas, but when it takes place (on the jacket and external modules etc) a radio-man/watchman/firewatcher, must be in attendance, in radio contact with a standby boat (safety boas), ) ~ “All scaffold boards on.tidal-and-splasty zone areas should be removed after the work period” -and-replaced when. next req ‘caffolding would not normally be permitted to be erected > ~atnight= eee ‘The SI 1019 also states: _ ie Talnng inspection Level 1. Rev Tang 05 ee Ofishore Safety Reé “ments TA aw MATERIALSJOINING, Copigh © 2005.11 Lad ‘reMOLOCYspring rer Gel -T estabresied dw wemrrg Gp le SUTCMYTA Perimeter Sn sx ibiete concetvabe oh oye OFFSHORE PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION (PFP) Fite protection is nt to be confised with fie prevention, Fire prevention equipment the , areas such as Bupduction plan, accommodation.modules, compressors modules, escape routes,and the primary structure of the platform, ‘Whether the platform is producing oil or gas is no concern. Both-hydrocarbons” and” hydro amount of heat, especially when the material is under "pressure. Eade su Roo ree ‘his is — “factors: a , offshore the highest risk is hydrocarbon, but in accommodation modules cellulosic fire also. a at which it will lose approximately half of its» 3 ‘hich the PFP has to maintain the core temperature below this critical figure, usually up-to,two hours to allow evacuation of personnel. x AKA the section factor principle. This is the ratio of the exposed heated perimeter of the steel member, divided by its cross sectional ares. The smaller the cross section of a member. the less steel there is to absorb the heat, and so the member will conduct heat much more easily. Therefore the smaller the cross sectional arca, the thicker the PFP will need to be. )* Calculations have already been done on every conceivable section, and are listed in table form in a book,called “Fire Protection for Structural Steel in Buildings* shortened commonly to the ‘yellow,book’ or “Constrada’, Offshore platforms often include specially constructed sections eg. plate girders, and calculations will need to be done on these, but not by the inspector. Painting Inspection Level 1. Rew 0 January 05 TWI wounceaseroe Offshore Passive Fire Protection (pip) 81 GZap sstexatsionins Copyright © 2005, TWI Lid TECHNO!ec Grrcler_ slips Round oF exo Séetrona? ox pte ¢ (pabahe ale Hla, Section Factor Principle Heated Perimeter divided by the cross-sectional area. ‘The calculations are carried out using the units of metres and square metres. The resulting figure is a ratio and the units used are ‘m to the power of -I’, For example, iffa specially fabricated plate girder, dimensions as below, ‘was to be totally covered with fireproofing material, the calculations would be: - wee | 200mm all plate 10mm thick lem Heated perimeter = 2 flanges, 100mm +100mm 10mm +10mm — 10mm = 420mm. Web = 180mm + 180mm = 360mm. Total perimeter distance = 780mm, = 0.78 metres Cross-sectional Area =2 flanges-——100 mm x 10 mm x2= 2000 sq. mm Plus Web-— 200 mm ~ 20 mm = 180 mm x 10 mm =1800 sq. mm = Total area of 3800 sq. mm. Divide by 1000000 = 0.003800 sq. metres Therefore Ip/A = 0.78m divided by 0,003800 sq. metres = 205.263 m*t Rounded off, the Hp/A = 205 m Painting Inspection Level 1, Rev 0 January 05 EWI wonpeavine ror Offshore Passive Fire Protection (pp) 82 NG Copyright © 2005, TWH Lidry eben Com PIMA Spi CY wT UMIVETSAT Chee MW tassll 0 fost e tube ne Aan 7 oer oe Axkd pte a5. oy2 (od Deck ee But thheads ri alo con siterarion ware Fou Quote syzleied, f COM PUTTUENT eB « wo ComparrmentarrZacion Vos cont ye typ . So the fire proofing material needs to be he member reaching a crucial temperature, applied thicker to avoi ( ‘The manufacturers of the fireproofing materials produce tables, which give the thickness of their products for various Hp/A bands. These tables and their coritent are compiled during the tests that gain the approvals for use of the materials. Common Sections in Structural Steel i The example given above for the calculation of Hp/A is an open section, a plate girder. Other commonly used sections used in the construction industry are universal beams, universal columns, joists, angles, tees and channels, Along with the manufactured plate girders al: these open sections’ will bé found in the I section, when consulting tables for recommended thicknesses. Closed sections are tubes, round or square, and box girders. Because the cross- sectional area of tubes and box girders is usually on the thinner side, greater thicknesses of fireproofing are needed on these sections. (It should be noted that the terms used for the above sections were originally used by British steel, and then adopted as general terms throughout the industry.) Decks and bulkheads have different requirements from other parts of the structure; they are specially tested and have special considerations for the re-inforcing and film application thickness. They usually are part of the compartmentalisation system employed on an offshore platform. So therefore ‘most manufacturers will not quote the standard Hp/A figures for this use. Classes of Fire Divisions * Different fire ratings are given for bulkheads, underdecks and similar sections and are { expressed in code form. There are three types of code used and the following explanations of the three codes are extracts fom the publication from the DepaMHk OF Eneiey =vOMEHore-Insialaionsy Jo o> guidance on design, construction and cestification, Mig ise’ A400 Class Divisions reste i ( The following: a) They shall be or other equivalent material. i b) ‘They shall be suitably: fe pli! were) They shall be so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke wT and ae fe GO mines exposure fom standard rts. “ ( d) They shall be so insulated that if either face josed to the standard fire test for © | y-/.5 2" tons aoe es time during the test.by. more than 139% above the initial temperature, Nor shell the Painting Inspection Level 1. Rev O January 05 “EWI Wout cumeroe fe Offshore Passive Fire Protection (pfp) 83 Zar ‘istexstsionane Copyright © 2003. TWH Lid ToC bepress sy Syconstructid Cyl ¢ or MX KESTVAMT {| Gait (peruse Yit> Load bear iney me oreo bl 4 t des (JE! heal bearing wot tigut. tnrendecl rnb Lim partoyey Coat 7ecaning ch ua temperature at any point on the face, above the initial temperature within 60 minutes. °) All materials entering into the construction and erections of A-60 class. divisions _shall-be of non-combustible materials: B-15 Class Divisions comply with the following: a) ‘They shall be constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of flame to the end of the first 30 minutes of a standard fire test. b) They shall be of such material that if either face is exposed to the first 30 minutes period of a standard fire test, the average temperature on the unexposed face will not increase at any time during the first 15 minutes of the test by more than 139°C above the initial temperature on the face nor shall the temperature at any point, including any joint, rise more than 225°C above the initial temperature. c) _ All materials entering into the construction and erection of B-15 class divisions shall be non combustible. 1-120 Class Divisions “H120-Class: Divisions are those divisions formed by decks and bulkheads which comply with the following: a) They shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material. b) They shall be suitably stiffened. ©) _ They shall be so constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke to flame after 120 minutes exposure to a hydrocarbon fire test. d) They shall be so insulated that, if the designated exposure face(s) (are) exposed to the hydrocarbon fire test for two hours, the average temperature on the unexposed face will not increase at any time during the test by more than 139°C above the initial, nor shall the temperature at any point on the face, including any joint rise more than 180°C above the initial temperature within two hours. e) All materials entering into the construction and erection of H-120 class divisions shall be non combustible. 1) Structures intended to be load bearing should either be tested under representative conditions of loading and restraint, or have the temperature of the load bearing medium monitored during the test to demonstrate that the maximum temperature attained would not have resulted in loss of strength or stiffness or excessive expansion such as to impair the load beating capacity. ‘The most frequently encountered fire ratings are the A and H ratings. cf ‘Mtlineserclatestoneslulesontives, typically wood, paper, fabric as encountered in / (" Sccommodation modules. This type of fire can take quite a long time to build up to high temperatures: Encounter Cushy! eit yy Tinting Inspection Level 1 Rey 0 Janvary 03 “FWY wonuncarmerox Offshore Passive Fire Protection (pp) 84 MATER Copyright © 2005, TWI Ld TECHINOIExacerbate oxn« oO v he presenrs Creel yible CONMUC Ty rKRb> Determthe exyige | ot T ct P eemivere wt T Cobb bh antielearte | Lye span 6 Boectichion Pech. go Cytas ‘ED ratings relate to hydrocarbon fires which reach maximum temperature, within seconds, especially hydrocarbon jet fires (hydrocarbons from a well, under pressure, will also carry abrasive mineral particles which can exacerbate any damage). : t ) er Peet olf Megcorien a Jet fires can produce temperatures yp to f4o0%C: ard are extremely dangerous. Avnew, “classification covers this instarice e:g.J-10, H-45. This means that jet fire conditions may last for 10 minutes, after which the SEES ies) wil have operated, reducing the pressure and producing hydrocarbon fire conditions for inutes. At design stage a Risk Analysis will have been conducted and it will have been detennined Which areas need higher protection factors. At no stage is the inspector involved with this. ‘Materials used for Fire Proofing he Fire proofing materials or materials for PFP are many and varied. Epoxy intumescent, itious and mineral woo!, preformed panels, vermi compounds and pci foams Consideration needs to be given to several factors when selecting systems to be used on structures, among them being: i ‘The materials ability to withstand flame, especially jet fire. Its ability to insulate against heat transfer into the steel. Its ability to provide the protection required for the length of time required. ‘The thickness of material needed to provide the protection required. ‘The materials anticipated life span and maintenance requirements. ‘The toxicity of any smoke or fumes produced in the event of a fire ‘The methods employed by PFPs to comply with the above requirements are: By the exclusion of oxygen from the surface area. By providing an insulating layer retarding heat transfer. By forming non-combustible materials on the surface. By the production of non-combustible gases through chemical reaction between the constituents of the material, 5 By providing a surface which will ablate and expose a new reactive area to coatinue the reaction. aypo Cementitious Materials Usually. apy Painting Inspection Level I. Rev 0 January 05 “EWI soup cenmeeror Offshore Passive Fire Proteetion (pip) 8 CAF Natesasstonsis Consrigh ©2005, TWH Ld 2 a 4 eee nee abvate wey Wg Dre EGFRety on gat Slume 2 eT Bee Ore | 0 Trpped Gueyh Trower Jee CL ed Hawk ced PebbrekasyA c Porous kes din Spare uF Iy Swe Meypes oyst a density fillers and either perlite or vermiculite, anhydrous mica, which function as an insulating medium. Unlike the epoxy intumescent this material docs not rely on chemical reactions but instead allows the “locked in” water to evaporate, which uses some of the heat from a fire and also performs its insulation function. Supplied as dry powder, these ma‘erials, are mixed with water, potable, to stipulated proportions, in special units. Putzmeister is one such machine, and is a hopper with a built in mixer, so that continuity of supply can be maintained. The mixer mixes the material for required minimum time of typically three minutes, with a calculated amount of potable water, to ensure.a. mix of the correct consistency. A slump.test and density'test, are done at specified intervals to ensure mixing. The material is then tipped into the hopper, at the bottom of which, is a rotating screw to carry the material into a housing, where it is pressurised and forced along a hose, similar to a blast hose. As the mix exits the hose it is carried onto the substrate by means of compressed air/water jets similar to the atomisation principle of paint spraying. The studs, or pins, are stud welded or friction welded onto the component, usually before primer application, in a diamond pattem approximately 300mm apart. The mesh, usually plastic coated, is clipped or tied in position so that it lies approximately half way inlo the required thickness. rscctingsdadhenanollygaiaynea clea Gilay igMeham nes The ( spray application finish is not unlike pebble some users prefer that the surface is trowelled over to give a smooth finish, following the profile of the original section, maintaining of course the required thickness over every face. Whichever finish is required, Repairs can be done by cutting with a eircul so that the damaged or faulty ( be removed, like a cross hatch, with a reverse champher on the outer edges to provide a key. Depending on area involved pins and mesh can be fitted iff required. (7 —————Eow Intumescent Epoxies By definition, to and the intumescent PFP"s use this property, along with others, to perform their tasks. Painting Tnspovtion Level T, Rev 0 Junuy OS Goan Garneee « ‘Offshore Passive Fite Protection (pp) 86 MATERIAISIONNG Copyright © 2005, TW1 Lid EEF eewiensce consrelerebrny Jolt, pleeeo Ge Bax eles a0 heals age Sin Cer chav Utne Je: Waders Oral lay Shea router os PF oe ooh (Using a plural spray, typically hydrocat, the materials can be heated,to around 30°C because the base and activator are not mixed together, until seconds before exiting the spray gun. )* ‘The base and activator are heated as two separate components in small tanks, (some equipment has heater jackets to fit around the cans) and fed through heated lines to the metering pumps. The metering pumps are set so as to feed the material in exactly the correct ratios, activator to base, into a mixing unit, like a series of baffles. ‘The mixer head is situated as near to the spray gun as possible with a very short line to the gun. This is because as soon as the hot materials mix the cure rate is very fast and any delay can result in the epoxy curing in the equipment. To avoid this there is also a solvent feed line into the mixer head. ‘The base/activator feeds are closed, the solvent feed opened, and the mixer, line and gun are flushed through. When application of the epoxy is to re-commence the solvent is closed off and the base/activator mix pumped through again. The solvent should be cleared from the system completely before application on the substrate {Because of the viscosity of the material a fairly large tip is necessary, around 35 thousands of an neh, The material canbe applied in reasonably thik oats of up to 7mm. ) Satan i mre cern Sims ‘ts-original-thickness. The materials from a carbonaceous char which insulates against temperature rise. As the char progressively ablates it exposes new surfaces to react in exactly the same way. It hinders the temperature increase and avoids access of air and so avoids combustion, thus retarding the temperature rise of the steel {requirement and these materials can be repaired and brought back to required thickness after id ‘exposure to fire.) ve (The epoxy intumescents are applied over a primed surface, normally zinc phosphate epoxy, ‘but the materials must be tested and approved for use together.) ‘The tests are done at NAMAS.LIKAS approved Inboratories and are usually a lap shear test, to est for adhesion between the primer and PFP, Inspectors should be aware that some manufacturers of EPFP materials do not recommend full DFTs of the primers, as measured in the manner specified by BGAS “over the peak’ Instead they prefer flat-plate calibration giving readings from part way down the profile, Copyright © 2005. TWI Lid caelsubstan = PLL niche (er ae Latensit Seaweed ULor Sabiniry brite Comperir lan = Z trey Uh andere bre jst: ont! por hia y 043 wht at SGosstacbr At Ko heb ke YT MUSSECE Glad os ne ANTIFOULING PAINTS eee Ue ck LE ~“ Sore Savi Larvae abepr convenient cov Liakh umn KE sito noe sd Substantial growth of foulants on a ships hull or a structure such as a jacket considerably roughens the surface, and in the case of a ship can considerably incretise the drag factor. Even moderate fouling can reduce speeds by 10%. Economically this means loss of trading days and less payload through having to carry proportionally more bunker fuel. Fouling organisms exist when conditions are in an ecological niche, e.g. correc: light intensity (photo synthesis for seaweed), salinity, temperature, available food, eck of competition in the form of prey, and aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and are more likely to occur in static conditions, e.g, whilst at anchor or in dock. bells — Losypbty ows oe peas Plant growth in the form of weed will be green on the vertical sections to red and brown on shaded areas, enteromorpha and cetocarpus respectively. Bacteria and moulds are also classed as foulants. r ire All the plant and animal fouling organisms mentioned above reproduce by forming spores or stage prior to cementing themselves onto a ships hull or structure (oF anything else convenient). Barnacles can take up to four days whereas the green and brown weeds take only a few hours. A ship with a quick turnaround in port therefore will be less liable to sustain barnacle growth. p’-Antifouling coatings release materials which ate toxic to the foulants. Roughly based on the theories of CPVC, the materials are designed to work efficiently under certain specified conditions, and release calculated amounts of toxic material, usually by leaching into the sea water, forming a thin layer of water around the hull/tructure in which the sporesilarvae cannot survive: ‘Throughout the years in which antifouling coatings have been in use, various toxins have been employed including lead, arsenic, SEY, ae B. and tit, For obvious reasons Prevatene «pe leyrsrGrion ny cyl Abtative ya 6 u,' Erode ¢ de) Reveatinag Beas Oey wT Painting Inspection Level T, Rev O Jana OND Ena “Aniouting Paints 91 Dg stexntsionne TECIINGLOGY Copyright © 2005, TWH Ltd® matrix ba) « a Drssotves uxSde exfecrédorh jk) wiituairg Toy © sponge he r Intact ap¥o~> process of the binder dissolving maintains the toxins on the surface, which presents itself also to standing water. fet “some two years, so dry docking intervals are planned out about that frequency. bee +. —cuprous oxide, is-in-the~structure-of the-film. As the particles progressively d ent” throughout he GimtheyLeavebehinabonsyeomb sistuofnon-soiblebinder: ) Gn ly? ’ Weis A ‘Foulant Release Coatings With this type of coating there-are-no. toxins involved, based.on_silicon technology these “systems provide a very low surface energy onto which the foulants cannot adhere properly. oe — 2 ‘substrate intact. This way is obviously far less expensive. eyeCPP TORNALE LX Tumse our AP Ose” pad 1 pense jue« Sue Deyo Srfron Cy RuvaY Gly Encounter é yl Ly (orzz2by METAL COATINGS Galvai sing ‘The coating of components with zine. Many components both for offshore and onshore use, are galvanised. Galvanising can give protection to steelwork for periods of up to 60 years dependant on exposure conditions. The components are chemically cleaned (acid), washed and fluxed, then totally immersed in a vessel containing molten zinc at approximately 450°C. When drawn out, the zinc solidifies at an average thickness of approximately 100 um. Sheradising and other similar components are coated with this method. Galvanising ould make a significant difference to the dimensions and workings of fixings and fasteners, so zine powder, just below the melting point, is used instead. After cleaniag the components are tumbled in the powdered zinc, impact fuses the zinc onto the components and in effect, “cold welds” the powder onto the metal. a Calorising Calorising is coating with aluminium. Aluminium has a melting point of 625°C as appesed to esc of zine so it is not really practical to tumble. One way of calorising a component is to dip it into molten aluminium. The resulting exothermic reaction is so severe that is alloys the aluminium with the steel. Calorising can also be done by immersing a component ina mix of fine sand and aluminium powder and heating. foe Anodising A treatment for aluminium, anodising is an electrolytic method of coating which resultsin the formation of is immersed in a Weak acid bath and oxidation is, induced electrically. Electro-plating This is done by electre deposition.([f a current is released from an item into a metal salt solution through to a cathode, the metal salts ionise and deposit the metal ions on the cathode bar) Hot metal spraying Any metal, which can be easily melted, can be sprayed. Zine and aluminium are the most ‘commonly used metals for spraying. They até both below steel on the galvanic list end so will provide cathodic protection to the |, and both metals have #feasonable low meltiny point. Both metals have advantages and disadvantages, for instneelaing perfor fr beter etc) where extremely high temperatures are encountered. It is specified with working temperatures of up to 540°C. use on surfaces Painting Inspection Level 1. Rev 0 January 0S TWI wounconcron Metal Coatings 10.1 MATERIALSIOINING . LEM ‘eewwo.osy Copyright © 2005, TWI LtdVeto preemees leai heWeeeeeeete eee nen eetdce knur ed hls Application of metal sprayed coatings can be carried out by any of the following methods, 1) Powder system Powdered metal is fed into a heat source (usually butane or propane and pure oxygen ‘buming) and propelled onto the substrate. Using this method a'relatively low proportion of the metal powder is actually deposited on the substrate. 2) Electric are system ‘This method is ideal for production line type facilities such as gas bottle production and lamp standards etc. where components are of a uniform shape and the process can be mechanised. As in a welding process the metal (to be sprayed) acts as an electrode in a circuit and the electrode melts. The molten metal is atomised and blown onto the component by means of a heated air jet. This system gives a superb fine grain finish. 3) Wire and pistol system By far the most common and widely used method for site application of metal spray. The metal wire, of a very high degree of purity, greater than 99.5%, is driven through a gun by means of two knurled wheels powered by compressed air. As the wire, 3mm ~ Smm passes through to the front of the gun it passes through a ring of burners, with the flames focused about 35mm from the exit point. The fuel gases used are butane/propane and pure oxygen. The flames melt the wire and droplets of metal are propelled to the steel by the combustion gasses and compressed air. ‘The coating is usually applied at a thickness of 100 = 12Smm_and is about 85% 10 95%” ens ofthe orignal wie. This is because the resulting film is in an open cell structure due to particles fon like structure, the interstices between the particles are not all filled Cif the coating is to be subjected to high temperature services it will need sealing wit silicone sealer, aluminium or carbon pigmented. If however the metal spray is applied to give an extended major maintenance free life to an anti-corrosion system, then either an epoxy sealer or etch primer would be applied prior to the specified system.) * Inrerstice so0— Painting inspection Level 1 Rev 0 January 05 Se Metal Coatings: 10.2 aw MATERIALS JOINING ss LEM eeworscx Copyright © 2005. TWH Lidescape Aouses Pp wien Neeres eto ¢ A me bene Co LInremittent—ta yy p2fEd, C9 bee Taundarion & (GF Ltfummnare oGliz « epee eo ALARMS.AND ESCAPE I ROUTES ~*~ es ore Statuary requirements for alarm systems are that there should be a bank of accumulators capable of operating the alarm system for a minimum of 60 minutes. They are to operate visual and audible signals, e.g. lashing lights and a hooter. Seaplane ‘There is no specific requirement for intermittent or continual lights and hooter to signify — be prepared or abandon, but the usual format is flashing or intermittent ~ be prepared to abandon. ” ; ce nwa oa fo mtr po Tiluminated escape signs are provided at low level along escape routes, so that in the event of inundation by dense smoke, the route may be followed at deck level. so that if the line is followed any direction it leads to a muster point. ( For the abandon signal, survival eraft are require. a totally enclosed hence ‘the ‘capsule’, which hold a i and cary | iluenof eo buelt p plat sselesoberdoess) aay dee oxle Relfecrive CMG Strik dine awe Rare x ( Crater se che Painting Inspestion Level 1. Rew ( January 05 TWI wor Alarms & Escape Routes Wa NATERIALS JOINING : CEM ‘eunoroer Copyright © 2005, TWH LidDietgonar oh Gale BT Teale LfKierg peri Pherar imls« (Ze G09grte oer erreum clans ee SAFETY SIGNS AND RELEVANT COLOURS TO BS 5378(1980) SPECIFICATION FOR COLOUR AND DESIGN This is an internationally accepted standard, which provides information by colour coding and symbols with minimum wording. All safety signs should comply with the standard (not just offshore), and it specifies colours and recommended shapes for all situations. Its primary function is to identify any hazard and thereby prevent accidents and to meet emergency requirements. ‘The specified safety colours used on the safety signs have a specified contrast colour for the symbol used on the sign, and are as follows: BS-4800, 04 E 53 (RED) has a contrasting colour of white. The signs are circular with a white background and a red diagonal bar and red circumferential band. The black safety symbol should be placed centrally but should not obliterate the red cross bar. The sign in total should have at least 35% of its area in red. These are generally prohibitive signs e.g. stop, but also show=location-of fire-fighting p equipment etc. . BS 4800, 08 E 51 (YELLOW) has a contrasting colour of black. The signs are triangular with a yellow background and a peripheral strip of black. Any symbol required should be centrally positioned. Allowing for lettering or symbols the total area of yellow should be at least 50%. These signs are used as caution signs, wheres ¢.g, radiation from gamma or x-ray sources, low headroom, etc, This colour coding is also used for handrails offshore. . BS 4800, 14 E 53 (GREEN) has a contrasting colour of white. These signs are in the form of a square or rectangle of green, with a symbol or text in white positioned centrally. The sign should show at least 50% of its area green. Used to identify’ aid’ points) etc, Generally they are emergency and safe condition signs. . BS 4800, 18 E 53 (BLUE). Contrasting colour white. A circular sign with a blue background colour, and any symbol or text in white placed centrally. At least 50% of the sign are should be blue. These arc signs which-must.be obeyed, they: arey _ mandatory, e.g. must wear goggles or safety hats! ‘Any of the above may also have a supplementary sign in the form of a rectangle or square with a white background with the text in black. it is also permissible for the supplementary sign to be in the same colour as the main sign, in which case the lettering must be in the specified contrasting colour. Painting Inspection Level 1, Rev 0 January 05 TW sonpcaneeron Safety Signs and Relevant colours to 12.1 NIATERIALS JOINING ELM Teciworoc’ BS $378(1980) specification for colour and design Copyright © 2005, TWH Lid