Number Worked examples @ Positive indices and large numbers 100 = 110° 1000 = 1 10° 10.000 = 1 X 10% 3000 = 3 x 10° For a number to be in standard form it must take the form AX 10" where the index n is a positive or negative integer and. ‘A must lie in the range 1 < A < 10. e.g. 3100 can be written in many different way 31 X 10° 31x 10? 0.31 x 10* ete. However, only 3.1 X 10" satisfies the above conditions and therefore is the only one which is written in standard form, a) Write 72 000 in standard form. 7.2 10" b) Write 4 X 10" as an ordinary number. 4x 10'=4 x 10000 = 40000 ©) Multiply the following and write your answer in standard form: 600 x 4000 400.000, AX 10° 4) Multiply the following and write your answer in standard, form: (24 x 10°) x (5 x 107) 2x 10" 2X10 when writter standard form ©) Divide the following and write your answer in standard form: (64 X 10°) = (1.6 X 10%) =4x 108 1) Add the following and write your answer in standard form: (G8 x 10%) + (8.7 x 104 Changing the indices to the same value gives the sum: (380 x 104) + (8.7 x 10) 388.7 x 10* 3.887 X 10° when written in standard formIndices and standard form Exercise 7.5 2 1 3. 4. 5 e Subtract the following and write your answer in standard form: (65 X10") ~ (9.2 x 105) Changing the indices to the same value gives (650 x 10°) ~ (92 x 10%) = 640.8 x 10° 6.408 X 10? when written in jandard form Which of the following are not in standard form? a) 62 10° b) 7.834 x 10! ©) 80x 10° ) 0.46 x 107 e) 82.3 x 108 1) 6.75 x10! Write the following numbers in standard form: a) 600 000 b) 48.000 000 ) 784.000 000 000 a) 534.000 ©) 7million f) 85 million Write the following in standard form: a) 68x 10° b) 720 x 10° ©) 8x10 dd) 0.75 x 108 ©) 04 x 10” f) 50x 108 Write the following as ordinary numbers: a) 38X10 b) 4.25 x 10 ©) 9.003 x 107 d) 101 x 108 Multiply the following and write your answers in standard form: a) 200 x 3000 'b) 6000 x 4000 ) 500 X 6 million €) 3million x 4 million — f) 4500 x 4000 Light from the Sun takes approximately 8 minutes to reach Earth. If light travels at a speed of 3 10* ms, calculate to three significant figures (s.f.) the distance from the Sun to the Earth. Find the value of the following and write your answers in standard form: a) (44x 10°) X (2X10) b) (68x 107) x (3 X 10+) ©) 4X10) X (83X10) d) (5X 107) X (84x 10") ©) (&SX 10%) x (6X 10") f) (3.0 102) Find the value of the following and write your answers in standard form: a) (3.8 X 108) + (1.9 x 105) b) (6.75 x 10”) + (2.25 x 104) ©) (9.6 X 10%) + (2.4 103) d) (1.8 x 102) + (9.0 x 107) ©) (23 X 10") + (92 x 109) £) (2.4 x 108) + (6.0 X 10%)Number Worked examples Exercise 7.6 9, Find the value of the following and write your answers in standard form: a) (3.8 X 105) + (4.6 x 10°) b) (7.9 10") + (5.8 X 10%) €) (6.3 x 10") + (8.8 X 10) d) (3.15 x 10) + (7.0 x 10) ©) (5.3 X 10) — (8.0. 10") £) (6.5 X 10") — (4.9 x 10) g) (8.93 X 10) ~ (7.8 x 10") bh) (4.07 10”) ~ (5. x 105) @ Negative indices and small numbers A negative index is used when writing a number between 0 and ‘Lin standard form. eg 100 = 1x10? 100 = 1x10 1 1x 10° o1 =1x107 oo. = 1x 107 0.001 = 1% 107 0.0001 = 1 x 10 Note that A must still ie within the range | 2 Vo é 2 a) sixst b) atx at ©) 8x27 d) 3x3 e) 27x16 f) &xstIndices and standard form x 24 4 x 4t 3. * » » & ) “F 0 @yix3t g st47 # an Student assessment | 1. Using indices, simplify the following: a) 2X2X2x5%5 b) 2x2x3xK3x3X3%3 2 Write the following out in full ae b) 6 3. Work out the value of the following without using a calculator: a) 2x1 by ix a 4. Simplify the following using indices: a) 3x3? b) 6x 6 34 3° a @ oy a xa? 4? x 2° oa ) =F 5. Without using a calculator, evaluate the following: a) 2x2? b) 3 sf xa? = di OF ) 6. Find the value of.x in each of the following: a) 26-9 = 32 ») poi c) SH = 195 ad) st=F Student assessment 2 1. Using indices, simplify the following: a) 3X2X2X3X27 b) 2X2K4xd 4X2 32 2. Write the following out in full: a) & b) 25 3. Work out the value of the following without using a calculator: a) Fx 10 b) 1txsNumber 4. Simplify the following using indices: a) 24x? b) FX PX 34x 3F os a Oy 2 27 hxa? ot 9) o> § Without using a calculator, evaluate the following: : a _ “ a) x5 » F a sxe ot a o) 30 =81 dy 8 Student assessment 3 1. Write the following numbers in standard form: a) 8million b) 0.00072 ©) 75.000 000 000 ) 0.0004 €) 4.5 billion £) 0.000.000 64 2 Write the following as ordinary numbers: a) 2.07 x 10 b) 1.45 x 1077 ©) 5.23 x 107 3. Write the following numbers in order of magnitude, starting with the smallest 62% WW? 55X10? 421% 10? 49x 10° 3.6% 10-5 TAL x 10% 4. Write the following numbers: a) in standard form, b) in order of magnitude, starting with the largest 6 million 820000 0.0044 0.8 52.000 5. Deduce the value of 7 in each of the following: a) 620 = 6.2 x 10" b) 555.000 000 = 5.55 x 10" 5x 10" d) 5007 =2.5 x 10" 1.22510" ff) 0.08 = 6.4 x 10" 6. Write the answers to the following calculations in standard form: a) 4000 x 30.000 b) (28 x 10) x (20 * 10°) ©) (32x 10") + (1.6 X 104) d) (24 X 108) + (9.6 x 10°)Indices and standard form 7. The speed of light is 3 x 10* m/s, Venus is 108 million km from the Sun. Calculate the number of minutes it takes for sunlight to reach Venus. & stem is 500 light years away from Earth. The speed X 10° km/s, Calculate the distance the star system is from Earth, Give your answer in kilometres and written in standard form, Student assessment 4 1. Write the following numbers in standard form: a) 6 million b) 0.0045 ©) 3800000000 4) 0,000 000 361 ©) 460 mitfion n3 2. Write the following as ordinary numbers: a) 8112 x 10° b) 44x 10° ©) 3.05 x10 Write the following numbers in order of magnitude, starting with the largest 3.6X 1? 21x 109 9X 10! 405 x 10 1.5 x 1077 72 x 107° 4. Write the following numbers: a) in standard form, b) in order of magnitude, starting with the smallest. jon 430000 0.000435 4.8 0.0085 15 mi 5. Deduce the value of » in each of the following: a) 4750 = 4.75 X10" b) 6.440 000 000 = 6.44 x 10" 4.0 x 10° d) 1000 = 1x 10" 29 x 10" £) 800° = 5.12 x 10" Write the answers to the following calculations in standard form: a) 50000 x 2400 b) (3.7 X 10%) x (4.0 x 108, ©) (88x 10?) + (9.3 X 105) d) (4.7 x 10°) — (82 x 105) 7. The speed of light is 3 X 108 nvs. Jupiter is 778 million km from the Sun. Calculate the number of minutes it takes for sunlight to reach Jupiter. 8. A star is 300 light years away from Earth, The speed of light is 3 x 10° km/s. Calculate the distance from the star to Earth. Give your flometres and written in standard form.Number Student assessment 5 1 Evaluate the following without the use of a calculator: a) 81 b) 27 °) # d) 625% ce) 3438 f) 164 ») 25% Evaluate the following without the use of a calculator: 16° oF ot » = . & d) stxst e e) atx 2 1) Zixs? ro 2) Gx? h) Draw a pair of axes with x from —4 to 4 and y from 0 to 10. a) Plota graph of y = b) Use your graph to estimate when 3 Student assessment 6 1 Evaluate the following without the use of a caleulat a) 64! by 278 cy oF a) si2t ce) VT f) V6 ast b = oat » # a d) 2x s tye ad 2x33 ©) 4x4 5 oe ry x o¢ bse st oo » hes! (a) Draw a pair of axes with x from —4 to 4 and y from 0 to 18. a) Plot a graph of y = 44. b) Use your graph to estimate when +(8) Money and finance Worked examples Exercise 8.1 @ Currency conversions In 2012, 1 euro could be exchanged for 1.25 Australian doltars (AS). a) How many Australian dotlars can be bought for €400? €1 buys A$L.25. €400 buys 1.25 X 400 = ASS0O. 'b) How much does it cost to buy AS940? A$1.25 costs €1 A$940 costs 12940 = e752. ‘The table shows the exchange rate for €1 into various currencies. Australia [1.25 Australian dollars (A$) India 70 rupees Zimbabwe _ | 470 Zimbabwe dollars (ZIMS) South Africa | 11 rand Turkey 23 Turkish lira (L) Japan 103 yen Kuwait 04 dinar USA 13 US dollars (US$) Convert the following: a) 25 into Australian dollars bh) €50 into rupees ©) €20into Zimbabwe dottars d) €300 into rand ce) €130 into Turkish lira f) €40 into yen 8) €400 into dinar h) €150 into US dollars 2. How many euro does it cost to buy the following: a) S500 b) 200 rupees ©) ZIM$L000 d) 500 rand e) 750 Turkish lira 1200 yen ®) 50 dinar h) Usstso