Age Group Physical Motor Sensory Cognitive Language

1-3 months -Baby’s reflexes will Gross: Vision. Can see about 30 -Pays attention -Coos, makes
old allow her to turn her -Head bobs when held cm (12 in.) in front of to faces gurgling sounds
head to suckle when upright, kicks feet them. Babies begin to -Begins to -Turns head
you touch her cheek. when on back be able to follow a toy follow things toward sounds
-Flex and extend her -Lifts head briefly or other object when it with eyes and
fingers, arms and legs when placed on is moved in front of recognize
-Her eyes can follow tummy. their face. people at a
a moving light. -Lifts head 2 to 3 Hearing. Babies strongly distance
-Lift her head when inches off surface and prefer the sound of the -Begins to act
put on her tummy pushes up with human voice. Hearing is bored (cries,
forearms when placed the same as an adult's fussy) if activity
on tummy. hearing. Babies begin to doesn’t change
Fine: coo and make sounds,
-Hands are in fists such as ooh and ahh.
most of the time Touch. Well-developed
-Holds a rattle when sense of touch, prefer
placed in their hand soft, gentle touches and
-Reaches toward cuddles.
dangling objects and Smell and Taste. well-
people's faces developed sense of
smell and taste, prefer
sweet smells and know
the smell of their
mother's breast milk.
4 months old -Holds head steady, Gross: Vision. Developing eye -Focuses eyes -Begins to
unsupported -Straightens legs when rods and cones, tracking towards sounds; babble
-Pushes down on legs feet touch a flat objects and people. looks at toy held -Babbles with
when feet are on a surface. Hearing. Sounds in hands. expression and
hard surface -When on tummy, lifts become associated with -Smiles at self in copies sounds
-May be able to roll head and chest off objects, sound mirror. he hears
over from tummy to surface while looking mimicking begins. -Laughs -Cries in
back forward. Touch: Able to use both different ways
-Can hold a toy and Fine: sides of body together, to show
shake it and swing at -Holds and shakes learns push and pull. hunger, pain,
dangling toys rattle, plays with and Taste. Begins to become or being tired
-Brings hands to watches their own open to flavors such as
mouth --When lying fingers. salt and shows interest
on stomach, pushes in others’ food.
up to elbows Interested in smells of
food, stronger reaction
to bad odors.
9 months -Stands, holding on Gross: Vision: Able to see quite -Watches the -Understands
-Can get into sitting -Gets to sitting well near and far and path of “no” -
position position without help. even focus on quickly something as it -Makes a lot of
-Sits without support -Pulls self-up to stand. moving objects. falls different
-Pulls to stand -Take steps holding on Hearing. Able to identify -Looks for things sounds like
 -Crawls to furniture. the direction of sounds she sees you “mamamama”
-May Stand without and recognize familiar hide and “bababa”
support. words. -Plays peek-a- -Copies sounds
-May take some steps Touch. Recognizes boo and gestures of
without support. textures and begins -Puts things in others
Fine: grabbing with thumb his mouth -Uses fingers to
-With their pincer and forefinger. -Moves things point at things
grasp, they’re able to Smell and taste. Starts smoothly from
pick up smaller toys, to reach for nearby one hand to the
and they can better food. Uses sense of other
coordinate the smell to help decide -Picks up things
movement of both whether he/she likes like cereal o’s
hands. new food. between thumb
and index finger
12 months -Gets to a sitting Gross: Vision. Depth -Explores Most babies
position without help -Walk independently perception and distance objects in many this age
-Pulls up to stand, -walk sideways and judgements improve. different ways respond to
walks holding on to backwards Easy grabbing of (shaking, simple verbal
furniture (“cruising”) -Crawl up stairs objects. banging, requests. Your
-May take a few -Walk up and down Hearing. Can recognize throwing, baby might
steps without holding stairs with help and react to songs and dropping) become skilled
on -Play with pull and sounds. -Finds hidden at various
-May stand alone push toys, such as a Touch. Crawling and objects easily gestures, such
toddler grocery cart grabbing develops. Baby -Looks at as shaking his
seat self in a child- is now able to grasp correct picture or her head no
sized chair, starts to hand held toys – like when the image or waving bye-
crawl into car seat rattles and teethers. is named bye. Expect
Fine: Smell and Taste. -Imitates your baby's
-Build a two-block Increase in smell gestures babbling to
tower preference and -Begins to use take on new
-Turn pages, 2 to 3 at reaction. Enjoys a objects correctly inflection and
a time greater variety of taste. (drinking from evolve to
-Drop small objects, cup, brushing words such as
such as a raisin, into a hair, dialing "dada" and
bottle phone, listening "mama." You
Explores holes of to receiver) might hear
pegboard certain
-Scribble, exclamations,
spontaneously such as "uh-
-Places larger coin oh!"
shape objects into slot
openings
18 months -Walks alone Gross: -Bothered by soiled -Knows what -Says several
-May walk up steps -Walk by herself nappy ordinary things single words
and run -Possibly walk up -Distinguishes between are for; for -Says and
-Pulls toys while steps or run edible and inedible example, shakes head
walking -Squat to pick up a toy objects (18 months) telephone, “no”
-Can help undress -Pull toys while she is -Understands common brush, spoon -Points to show
 herself walking dangers of hot objects, -Points to get someone what
-Drinks from a cup Fine: stairs, glass the attention of he wants
-Eats with a spoon -Drink from a cup -Enjoys messy play others
-Eat with a spoon -Reacts to extremes in -Shows interest
-Stack two objects or temperature in a doll or
blocks -Copies sounds that you stuffed animal
-Help undress herself make by pretending to
-Hold a crayon -Looks for an object feed
he/she watched fall out -Points to one
of sight (such as a spoon body part
that fell under the table) -Scribbles on his
-Follow simple 1 step own
instructions -Can follow 1-
Solves problems with step verbal
trial and error commands
without any
gestures; for
example, sits
when you say
“sit down”
2 years -Stands on tiptoe w -Finds things -Points to
-Kicks a ball even when things or
-Begins to run hidden under pictures when
-Climbs onto and two or three they are
down from furniture covers named
without help -Begins to sort -Knows names
-Walks up and down shapes and of familiar
stairs holding on colors people and
-Throws ball -Completes body parts
overhand sentences and -Says sentences
-Makes or copies rhymes in with 2 to 4
straight lines and familiar books words
circles -Plays simple -Follows simple
make-believe instructions
games -Repeats words
-Builds towers overheard in
of 4 or more conversation
blocks -Points to
-Might use one things in a
hand more than book
the other
-Follows two-
step instructions
such as “Pick up
your shoes and
put them in the
closet.”
-Names items in
 a picture book
such as a cat,
bird, or dog
3 years -Can work toys -Follows
with buttons, instructions
levers, and with 2 or 3
moving parts steps
-Plays make- -Can name
believe with most familiar
dolls, animals, things
and people -Understands
-Does puzzles words like “in,”
with 3 or 4 “on,” and
pieces “under”
-Understands -Says first
what “two” name, age, and
means sex
-Copies a circle -Names a
with pencil or friend
crayon -Says words
-Turns book like “I,” “me,”
pages one at a “we,” and
time camera “you” and
-Builds towers some plurals
of more than 6 (cars, dogs,
blocks cats)
-Screws and -Talks well
unscrews jar lids enough for
or turns door strangers to
handle understand
most of the
time
-Carries on a
conversation
using 2 to 3
sentences
4 years -Hops and stands on -Names some -Knows some
one foot up to 2 colors and some basic rules of
seconds numbers grammar, such
-Catches a bounced -Understands as correctly
ball most of the time the idea of using “he” and
-Pours, cuts with counting “she”
supervision, and -Starts to -Sings a song or
mashes own food understand time says a poem
-Remembers from memory
parts of a story such as the
-Understands “Itsy Bitsy
the idea of Spider” or the
 “same” and “Wheels on the
“different” Bus”
-Draws a person -Tells stories
with 2 to 4 body Can say first
parts and last name
-Uses scissors
Starts to copy
some capital
letters
-Plays board or
card games
-Tells you what
he thinks is
going to happen
next in a book
5 years -Stands on one foot -Counts 10 or -Speaks very
for 10 seconds or more things clearly
longer -Can draw a -Tells a simple
-Hops; may be able person with at story using full
to skip least 6 body sentences
-Can do a somersault parts -Uses future
-Uses a fork and -Can print some tense; for
spoon and letters or example,
sometimes a table numbers “Grandma will
knife -Copies a be here.”
-Can use the toilet on triangle and -Says name and
her own other geometric address
-Swings and climbs shapes
-Knows about
things used
every day, like
money and food
Preschooler -Climbs well -Makes
development -Walks up and down mechanical toys
stairs, alternating work
feet -Matches an
-Kicks ball object in hand
-Runs easily to picture in
-Pedals tricycle book
-Bends over without -Plays make
falling believe
-Sorts objects by
shape and color
Completes 3-4
piece puzzles
-Understands
concept of
"two"
School-age
children
Puberty and
Adolescence