Keisha Nicole G.

Agapay August 11, 2020

BSN 2 – E NCM 105

Laboratory Activity 2: Macronutrients–Carbohydrates

Case #1: A child who is underweight or is suffering from undernutrition.

1. Using a 1,500 caloric requirement, calculate and plan a high carbohydrate
diet allowing 70% to 80% of total caloric requirement for carbohydrates.
Prepare a sample menu for lunch.

Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates: 1500 kcal x .70 = 1050/4 kcal = 262.5 g =

70% 263 g
Protein: 15%
Fat: 15% Protein: 1500 kcal x .15 = 225/4 kcal = 225/4 kcal = 56.25 g =
55 g

Thus:

Diet 1500 kcal Carbohydrates 263 g Protein 55 g Fat 25g

Prescription

Table 2-1. Meal Plan for a High Carbohydrate Diet

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FOOD NO. OF
er as CARB PRO FAT ENERG MEAL DISTRUBITION

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EXCHANGE EXCHANGE S (g) (g) (g) Y (kcal) B L D SN
S
Vegetable o. 1 1 1
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 Veg A 3 9 3 0 48 1 1 1
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 Veg B 2 6 2 0 32 1 1
Fruit 3 30 0 0 120 1 1 1
Milk (NF) 1 12 8 0 80 1
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Sugar 3 15 0 0 (20) 60 1 1 1
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Partial Sum of Carbohydrates = 72 g

Required Carbohydrates = 263 g
263 g – 72 g = 191 g
191/23 = 8.3 = 8 servings
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Rice A 3 69 0 0 276 1 1 1
(LP)
Rice B 3 69 6 0 300 1 1 1
(MP)
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Rice C 2 46 8 0 216 2
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(HP)

Partial Sum of Proteins = 27 g

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Required Proteins = 56 g
56 g – 27 g = 29 g
29/8 = 3.6 = 4 servings

Meat A 3 0 48 3 123 1 1 1
(LF)
Meat B 1 0 8 6 86 1
(MF)

Partial Sum of Fat = 8 g

Required Fat = 25 g
25 g – 8 g = 17 g
17/5 = 3.4 = 3 servings

Fat 3 0 0 15 20 1 1 1

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 FINAL:

FOOD NO. OF CARB PRO FAT ENERGY MEAL

EXCHANGE EXCHANG S (g) (g) (g) (kcal) DISTRIBUTION
ES B L D S
N
Vegetable:
 Veg A 3 9 3 0 48 1 1 1
 Veg B 2 6 2 0 32 1 1
Fruit 3 30 0 0 120 1 1 1
Milk (NF) 1 12 8 0 80 1
Sugar 3 15 0 0 60 1 1 1
Rice:
 Rice A 3 69 0 0 276 1 1 1
(LP)
 Rice B 3 69 6 0 300 1 1 1
(MP)
 Rice C 2 46 8 0 216 2
(HP)
Meat:
 Meat A 3 0 48 3 123 1 1 1
(LF)

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 Meat B 1 0 8 6 86 1
(MF)
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Fat 3 0 0 15 60 1 1 1
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Total: 256 g 83 g 24 1,401
o. g kcal
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Table 2-2. Sample Lunch Menu

Menu Household Measure

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White Rice ½ cup

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Chicken Sotanghon:
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 Palm Oil  1 tsp

 Onion  1 bulb
 Chicken (Breast)  1 slice (5 x 3 x 1.5 cm)
 Carrot  1
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 Sotanghon  1 cup
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Powdered Juice 1 tsp

Mango ½ cup or 1 slice

Table 2-3. Worksheet for Carbohydrate-related Disease

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Disease Symptoms Causes Prevalence Dietary

Changes
Galactosemia Vomiting Lack of one of Classic: 1/30000- Completely
Jaundice the enzymes 60000 in newborns. eliminating
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Diarrhea needed to milk and milk

Abnormal metabolize products from
Growth the sugar in the die
milk.
Glycogen Weakness The lack of an Type I: 1/100000 in Depends on
Storage Sweating enzyme births. the type of
Disease Confusion needed to glycogen
Kidney stones change storage
A large liver glucose into disease and
Low blood glycogen and usually
sugar break down involves
Stunted glycogen into regulating the
intake of
growth. glucose.
carbohydrates.
Fructose Low blood Caused by the 20,000-30,000 Avoiding
Intolerance sugar lack of an fructose in
Sweating enzyme the diet and,
Confusion needed to when needed,
Kidney break down taking

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 damage. fructose. glucose
tablets.
Pyruvate Seizures Caused by a Diet that is
Metabolism Intellectual lack of the high in fat and
Disorder disability ability to low in
Muscle metabolize a carbohydrates
weakness, substance .
Coordination called
problems. pyruvate.
Phosphoenol- Persistent and Deficiency in 1/1000000 avoidance of
pyruvate very low levels the enzyme Worldwide fasting.
carboxykinas of blood's sugar called phosp Individuals
e deficiency in newborns hoenolpyruv with this
(neonatal ate disorder may
hypoglycemia ) carboxykina consume
, failure to seor PEPCK. extra
thrive, build-up carbohydrate
of lactic acid in such as
the blood cornstarch to
(lactic lower the
acidosis), liver occurrence
enlargement of symptoms.
(hepatomegaly)
and liver failure
leading to
neurological

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degeneration.

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Questions

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1. What is the importance of the following to the body?
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a. Insoluble Fibers
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Insoluble fiber attracts water into your stool, making it softer and
easier to pass with less strain on your bowel. Insoluble fiber can help
promote bowel health and regularity. It also supports insulin
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sensitivity, and, like soluble fiber, may help reduce your risk for
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diabetes.
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b. Soluble Fibers
Soluble fiber attracts water and turns to gel during digestion. This
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slows digestion. Soluble fiber is found in oat bran, barley, nuts,

seeds, beans, lentils, peas, and some fruits and vegetables.
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2. What is ketosis?
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Ketosis is a process that happens when your body doesn’t have

enough carbohydrates to burn for energy. Instead, it burns fat and
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make things called ketones, which it can use for fuel.

3. What are the harmful effects of excessive fiber intake?

sh

Excessive intake of fiber can cause bloating, abdominal pain,

flatulence, loose stools or diarrhea, constipation, temporary weight
gain, intestinal blockage in people with Crohn’s disease, and reduced
blood sugar levels, which is important to know if you have diabetes.

4. How does the body make glucose from protein?

Excess amino acids must be converted into other storage products or
oxidized as fuel. Therefore, the excess ingested protein could,
through the process of gluconeogenesis, produce glucose.
Reference:
Protein Controversies in Diabetes. (n.d.).
Diabetes Spectrum.

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 http://journal.diabetes.org/diabetesspectrum/00pg132.htm
Cafasso, J. (2017, June 26) Can You Actually
Ingest Too Much Fiber? Healthline.
https://www.healthline.com/health/food/-nutrition/too-much-fiber
Soluble vs. Insoluble Fiber. (n.d.) MedlinePlus.
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002136.htm

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