ST AUGUSTINE UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING

WORKSHOP TECHNOLOGY

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020/2021

“PRACTICAL REPORT ON SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES”

GROUP 02- MEMBERS

S/N NAMES REG. No SIGNATURE
o
1 EDINA JOSEPH BSCEE 62033
2 PAINETO JONATHAN MTIBIKA BSCEE 61879
3 KELVIN P. SANGU BSCEE 66593
4 YONA SIMON BSCEE 66581
5 ELIAMINI JIMMY BSCEE 62229
 6 SETH M. NYATHO BSCEE 66590

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 13/08/2021

EXPERIMENT NUMBER FOUR ON SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
Three phase generator/ alternator
Introduction
The machines in which frequency and speed strictly depend on each other are called synchronous
machines. They include alternator, a.c generators and synchronous motor.
But in this experiment we were dealing with alternator/generator. Where it’s armature is always
fixed and the inductor is rotating. This design has the advantage that the fixed armature Allows
to insulate easier the windings even far high operating voltages, and that the armature current is
taken from fixed terminals. In order to understand the performance characteristic of the alternator
the following parameters must be obtained, armature resistance(Ra), relationship between
field current, internal generated voltage (Eg) and synchronous reactance(Xs).
Test of alternator
 Open circuit test
 Short circuit test
Open circuit test of alternator
Objectives
The objectives of Open circuit test of synchronous generator are to determine the core losses and
no load current and open circuit voltage.
Equipments and components used
 Three phase Alternator
 Three phase Induction motor
 Fixed three phase supply voltage
 Power supply variable line (0 to 500 d.c)
 Multimeter
 Clamp meter
 Connecting wires
 Wattmeter
 Load board
Circuit diagram

Procedures of performing experiment

1. Three phase alternator and induction motor are coupled together.

2. Connect the fixed supply to power the induction motor and short one side
3. Short one side of the alternator and other side leave to tape the output.
4. Connect the Power supply variable line (0 to 500 d.c) to the terminal of rotor winding of
the alternator.
5. Turn on the fixed supply voltage to allow the induction motor and prime mover of
alternator to start, since the prime mover of alternator are coupled with induction motor.
6. Start varying the variable dc supply until you obtain the rated current of the alternator.
7. Record the open circuit voltage and corresponding field current using Multimeter and
clamp meter.
8. Repeat step 6 and 7 to lower field current and record corresponding open circuit voltage

Table of result

Field current I f (A) 0.10 0.20 0.2 0.30 0.37 0.44

8
Open circuit voltage V o (V) 137 197 229 248 272 291

The graph of Open circuit voltage V o against field current I f

Short circuit test of alternator
Objectives
The objectives of short circuit test of alternator are to determine the short circuit current and
copper loss.
Equipments and components used
 Three phase Alternator
 Three phase Induction motor
 Fixed three phase supply voltage
 Power supply variable line (0 to 500 d.c)
 Multimeter
 Clamp meter
 Connecting wires
 Wattmeter
 Load board

Circuit diagram

Procedures of performing experiment

1. Three phase alternator and induction motor are coupled together.

2. Connect the fixed supply to power the induction motor and short one side
3. Short both side of the alternator on the output terminals.
 4. Connect the Power supply variable line (0 to 500 d.c) to the terminal of rotor winding of
the alternator.
5. Turn on the fixed supply voltage to allow the induction motor and prime mover of
alternator to start.
6. Start varying the variable dc supply until you obtain the rated current of the alternator.
7. Record the short-circuit current on the output side of the alternator corresponding to the
field current at the rotor terminals.

Table of result

Field current I f (A) 0.02 0.08 0.17 0.25 0.30 0.3 0.43
7
Short circuit current I sc(A) 0.10 0.33 0.53 0.67 0.80 0.9 1.09
6

The graph of the short circuit current( I sc) against field current ( I f )
Voltage regulation (V.R)

No load voltage (VNL) = 238V

Full load voltage (VFL)=170V

V NL−V FL
V.R =
V NL

238−170
=
238

= 0.29

Synchronous impedance of the alternator ( Z s ¿

I SC = 1.09A

Eo = √ 3 ×V ph

V ph = 291V

Eo =1.732×291 =504.03V

E o 504.03
Z s=¿ =
I SC 1.09

Z s=462.4 Ω