ASME B31.3-1999 Edition PRESESS PIPING Sa ED AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDuFILE COPY IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON THE 1999 ASME B31.3 PROCESS PIPING CODE ADDENDA DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULE ‘There is @ change in the way the Addenda to the 1999 Edition of the ASME B31.3 Process. Piping Code are distributed. The 1999 Edition, published March 31, 1999, incorporates the 1999 Addenda revisions, additions, or deletions. There will be no separate 1999 Addenda issued a replacement page format. Two additional Addenda to the 1999 Edition, in the form of replacement pages, will be issued on March 31, 2000 and March 31, 2001. ‘The Summary of Changes published with the 1999 Edition lists and describes the revisions that axe part of the 1999 Addenda. These changes are identified with a margin note, 99, denoting the affected area. ‘The Addenda for 2000 and 2001 will also have a Summary of Changes and identifiers printed ‘on the replacement pages. The revisions, additions, or deletions will be incorporated directly into the affected pages. It is advisable to retain the title sheets and all replaced pages for reference. ‘The effective dates for Code Editions and Addenda are described in the Introduction.Cs (a) The American Society of r Mechanical Engineers AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD PROCESS PIPING ASME CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING, B31 ASME B31.9-1999 EditionDae of fsuance: April 15, 1999 Mandatory Date: October 15, 1999 This Edition was approved by the American National Standards Instate and designated ASME 8313-1999 Eaton on March 26. 1998. ‘The 1999 Edition of this Code is being issued with an automatic update service that includes Addenda, Interpretations, and Cases. The next Edition is scheduled for publication in 2002. The use of Addenda allows revisions made in response to public review comments or ‘committee actions to be published on a regular basis; revisions published in Addenda wil become effective 6 months after the Date of Issuance of the Addenda. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of the Code. The Interpretations are published in a separate supplement. Periodically certain actions of the ASME B31 Commitice will be published as Cases. While these Cases do not constitute formal revisions of the Code, they may be used specifications, or otherwise, as representing considered opinions of the Committee. The ‘Cases are not part of the Code or the Addenda and are published in a separate supplement. In this Edition of the Code, SI metric units are given fist, with U.S. customary units in parentheses. Appendices H and X, the tables in Appendices A and K, and Tables C- 1, C3, and C-6 in Appendix C are exceptions. Values in metric units are to be regarded as the standard, unless otherwise agreed between the contracting partes. Instructions are siven, in those tables that have not been converted for converting tabular data in U.S. Units to appropriate ST units. [ASME i the registered wademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ‘This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as mesting the crtria for American [National Standards. The Standards Commitee that approved the code of standard was balanced to asure that individuals fom competent and concemed interests have had an opportunity to paticipate. The proposed code or standard was made avalable for public review and corument, which provides an opporunity for addtional public input fom industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. "ASME does not “approve,” “rt,” oF "endorse any item, constuction, propricary device, or activity. "ASME does ot tke any potion with respect to the validity of any pasa igh aierted in connection with any items mendoned inthis document. and does not undertake to insure anyone utliing a standard aginst lability for intingement of any applicable Lesers Patent, nor assume any rich lability. Users of a code or standard ar expres advised that determination of the validly of aay such patent righs, andthe ik of Infingement of such rigs, ls enrely their own reeponsbility, Participation by federal agency representative(s) or prions) afiated with industry isnot to be interpreted 18 government of Industry endorsement ofthis code or standard. [ASME accepts responsibly for only those interpretation issued in accordance with governing ASME, procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individu volunteer [No pat ofthis document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic revival system or otherwise, without the prior writen permission ofthe publisher. ‘The American Society of Mechanical Engineers ‘Thee Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016:5990 Copyright © 1999 by ‘THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. ‘All Rights Reserved Printed in USA.CONTENTS Foreword . xix Personnel .....-+e-s++ xxi Introduction . —— my ASME B31.3-1999 Edition Summary of Changes... wwii Chapter I Scope and Definitions General Statements 1 300.1 Scope «+++ 2 300.2 Definitions .... 2 3003 ‘Nomenclature . 9 3004 Status of Appendices . 9 Figure 300.1.1 Diagram Mlustrating Application of B31.3 Piping at Equipment . 3 Table 300.4 Status of Appendices in B313 . . 10 Chapter I Design Part 1 Conditions and Criteria . we Ud 301 Design Conditions . u 3011 General... u 301.2 Design Pressure n 3013 Design Temperature ul 3014 Ambient Effects. 12 3015 Dynamic Effects . 12 3016 Weight Effects 2 301.7 ‘Thermal Expansion and Contraction Effects .. 12 3018 Effects of Support, Anchor, and Terminal Movements 3 3019 Reduced Ductility Effects 3 301.10 Cyclic Effects ..... 3B 301.11 Air Condensation Effects. 3 302 Design Criteria... 13 302.1 General. 13 3022 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria. 13 3023 Allowable Surésses and Other Stress Limits 4 3024 Allowances. 19 Part 2 Pressure Design of Piping Components . 9 303 General soeese 9 304 Pressure Design of Components . 9 304.1 Straight Pipe fees ee 19 308.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe 2.2.0... eee 20 3043 Branch Connections .......se+ec0+e 21 3044 . 2 iChapter If Design (Cont'd) 304.5 Pressure 304.6 Reducers . of Flanges and Blanks . 304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components... Part 3 Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components 305 Pipe . 305.1 General 4 305.2 Specific Requirements 306 Fittings, Bends, Miters, Laps, and Branch Connections 306.1 Pipe Fitings ‘i 5 306.2 Pipe Bends ... 306.3 Miter Bends 306.4 Fabricated or Flared Laps 3065 Fabricated Branch Connections 307 Valves and Specialty Components 307.1 General 3072 Specific Requirements 308 Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, and 308.1 General 308.2 Specific Requirements for Fanges « 308.3 Flange Facings 308.4 Gaskets 309 Bolting 309.1 General 309.2 Specific Boling . 309.3, ‘Tapped Holes Part 4 Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Joints . 310 General. 31 Welded Joints 3111 General ...... 312 Specific Requirements 312 Flanged Joints . 3121 Joints Using Flanges of Different Ratings 3122 Metal to Nonmetal Flanged Joints. 313, Expanded Joi 314 Threaded Joints 314.1 General. 3142 Specific Requirements 315 Tubing Joints 315.1 General. 315.2 Joints Conforming to Listed Standards... 315.3 Joints Not Conforming to Listed Standards 316 Cautked Joints foe 317 Soldered and Brazed Joints 3171 Soldered Joints .. 3172 Brazed and Braze Welded Joints 318 Special Joints 318.1 General 3182 Specific Requirements ... Part 5 Flexibility and Support 319 Piping FlexibilityTables Design (Cont'd) Requirements .. Concepts ..... : Properties for Flexibility Analysis .. Fiexibility Analysis... Reactions ....... Calculation of Movements ..... ‘Means of Increasing Flexibility Piping Support... General. Fintures 000s Structural Attachments Structural Connections Systems Specific Piping Systems Instrument Piping Pressure Relieving Systems . Nomenclature for Miter Bends Branch Connection Nomenclature Extruded Outlet Header Nomenclature Blanks Moments in Bends ..... Moments in Branch Connections Increased Casting Quality Factors, Ee 16 ‘Acceptance Levels for Castings . - 16 Longitudinal Weld Joint Quality Factor, Ej. 7 Stress-Range Reduction Factors, f 18 Values of Coefficient ¥ for ¢ < D6 9 BPV Code References for Closures econo 7 Permissible Sizes/Rating Classes for Slip-On Flanges Used as Lapped Flanges . ; ; 32 Minimum Tcl 35 ae General Requirements .... . 47 Materials and Specifications 47 ‘Temperature Limitations .... 47 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria 49 Fluid Service Requirements for Materials . see 5B Deterioratioa of Materials in Service . a Materials — Miscellaneous .. . 54 Joining and Auxiliary Materials . 54 Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials .........+45 50 Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Metals ve 4BChapter I 323.3.1 3233.4 323.35 Chapter IV 326 326.1 326.2 Table 326.1 Chapter V 327 328 328.1 328.2 328.3 328.4 328.5 328.6 330 330.1 330.2 331 331.1 331.2 332 332.1 3322, 3323 3324 333 333.1 333.2 3333 333.4 335, 335.1 335.2 335.3 335.4 335.5 335.6 335.9 Figures 3283.2 328.42 328.43 328.44 3285.24 Materials (Cont'd) Impact Testing Requirements for Metals ‘Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction Minimum Required Charpy V-Notch Impact Values Standards for Piping Components Dimensions and Ratings of Components Dimensional Requirements Ratings of Components . Component Standards. Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection General ...... = Welding... Welding Responsibility Welding Qualifications . Welding Materials Preparation for Welding ‘Welding Requirements Weld Repair ..... Preheating General... Specific Requirements Heat Treatment . General. Specific Requirements Bending and Forming General Bending Forming Required Heat Treatment .. Brazing and Soldering ....... Qualification 5 Brazing and Soldering Materials... Preparation... : Requirements. Assembly and Erection . General Flanged Joints ‘Threaded Joints coon Tubing Joints . Caulked a Expanded Joints and Special Joints ‘Cleaning of Piping ...........+. ‘Typical Backing Rings and Consumable Inserts . ‘Typical Butt Weld End Preparation - ‘Trimming and Permitted Misalignment . Preparation for Branch Connections Fillet Weld Size .Chapter V 3285.28 328.5.2C 328.5.4A, B,C 328.5.4D 328.5.4E 328.55 3353.3 Tables 30.1.1 3311 Chapter VI 340 340.1 340.2 340.3, 340.4 341 aL 3412 3413 Bat Bats 342 342.1 3422 343 344 344.1 344.2 344.3 3444 344.5 344.6 344.7 345; 345.1 345.2 3453 345.4 345.5 345.6 345.7 345.8 345.9 346 3462 Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection (Cont'd) ‘Typical Details for Double-Welded Slip-On and Socket Welding Flange ‘Attachment Welds Minimum Welding Dimensions for Socket Welding Components Other Than Flanges... Typical Welded Branch Connections. Acceptable Details for Branch Attachment Welds Acceptable Details for Branch Attachment Suitable for 100% Radiography ; ‘Typical Fabricated Laps - Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads Preheat Temperatures Requirements for Heat Treatment Inspection, Examination, and Testing Inspection .. General Responsibility for Inspection ....... Rights of the Owner's Inspector ... Qualifications of the Owner's Inspector Examination . é Examination Requirements .. Extent of Required Examination . ‘Supplementary Examination ..... Examination Personnel... Personnel Qualification and Cé Specific Requirement ..... Examination Procedures. ‘Types of Examination . General... Visual Examination . ‘Magnetic Particle Examination . Liquid Penetrant Examination Radiographic Examination Ultrasonic Examination In-Process Examination Testing .. Required Leak Test ........+.02+ General Reguirements for Leak ‘Tests - Preparation for Leak Test ..........+ Hydrostatic Leak Test Pneumatic Leak Test . Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test Initial Service Leak Test Sensitive Leak Test Altemative Leak Test . Records Responsibility .. RRRRRRRAREChapter VI 346.3 Figure 3413.2 Table 3413.2 Chapter VII A300 Part 1 A301 AB0L2 A3013 A302 302.1 4302.2 43023 43024 Part 2 A303 A304 304.1 304.2 4304.3 304.4 4304.5 4304.6 4304.7 Part 3 A305 A306 4306.1 306.2 4306.3 43064 306.5 308.1 4308.2 A308.3 308.4 4309.1 4309.2 4309.3 Part 4 A310 a3 BILL Inspection, Examination, and Testing (Cont'd) Retention of Records .. peroreoneco 87 Typical Weld Imperfections ..... ve 80 Acceptance Criteria for Welds 7 Nometalic Piping and Piping Lied With Nonmetis General Statements 89 Conditions and Criteria 89 Design Conditions 89 Design Pressure . 89 Design Temperature 89 Design Criteria 89 General . 89 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria 89 Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits for Nonmetals 90 Allowances ...c-.e+ee 5 a Pressure Design of Nonmetallic Piping Components 9 General 1 Pressure Design of Nonmetallic Components 91 Straight Pipe. 9 Gavel and Miied Segment of Pps « 2 Branch Connections 2 Closures, : 2 Pressure Design of Flanges .. 2 Reducers. a 93 Pressure Design of Other Components 8 Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Piping Components 93 Pipe .. aes (2) Nonmetallic Fitings, Bends, Mis, Laps, and Branch Connections ........... 93 Pipe Fittings . a : Pipe Bends Miter Bends Fabricated or Flared Laps Fabricated Branch Connections. Nonmetallic Valves and Specialty Components Flanges, Blas, Flange Facing, and Gaskets General ‘Nonmetallic Flanges Flange Facings Limitations on Gaskets. Bolting General 94 Specific Bolting .............. : 94 ‘Tapped Holes in Nonmetallic Components 4 ald Service Requirements for Noorwalle ping Jolats . 94 General 94 Bonded Joints in Plastics . 94 General 94 vilChapter VIT a3 32 4313 A3l4 A3i4 A342 Aas A316 Aas A3IB.1 318.2 3183 318.4 Part A319 A319.1 3192 3193, 3194 319.5, 319.6 319.7 A321 A325 Part 6 A322 4322.3 4322.6 Part 7 A323 323.1 4323.2 43234 323.5 A325 Part 8 A326 326.1 43263 Part 9 4377 4328 328.1 43282 4328.3 328.4 328.5 43286 4328.7 Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined With Nonmetals (Cont'd) Specific Requirements . Flanged Joints Expanded Joints Threaded Joints General. Specific Requirements Tubing Joints Caulked Joints . Special Joints General. Specific Requirements . Piping Lined With Nonmetals ...... Flexible Elastomeric Sealed Joints. Flexibility and Support Flexibility of Nonmetallic Piping Requirements . Concepts. Analy: Reactions Movements ‘Means of Increasing Flexi! Piping Support . Supports for Nonmetallic Systems . Specific Piping Systems Instrument Piping. Pressure Relieving Systems Materials. General Requirements : Materials and Specifications ...... ‘Temperature Limitations, Nonmetals Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Materials Deterioration of Materials in Service . Materials — Miscellaneous... Piping Components, Standards .. Dimensions and Ratings of Components Requirements .. Abbreviations in Table A326.1 and Appendix B ... eircom, Asenbly, ond Enveton of Plastics Responsibility. Qualifications : Bonding Materials and Equipment Preparation for Bonding ........ Bonding Requirements Bonding Repair .... é o Seal Bonds ........ eresChapter VII Nonmetallic Pipi A329 329.1 329.2 A332 332.1 332.2 332.3 A334 334.1 334.2 A335 335.1 335.2 3353 335.4 335.5 4335.6 A335.8 335.9 Part 10 A340 A341 A34L1 A3412 A313 AB4L4 ABALS A342 A343 ABMs A344.1 344.2 344.5 A346 AMAT AMS A345.1 A352 AMS3 AMSA AMSS A356 A357 4345.8 A346 Figure A385 Tables 4323.22 and Piping Lined With Nonmetals (Cont'd) Fabrication of Piping Lined With Nonmetals Welding of Metallic Piping . Flaring of Nonmetallic Lini Bending and Forming « General. Bending. Forming . Joining Nonplastic Piping .. Borosilicate Glass Piping Repair of Defects ....... Assembly and Erection . General Flanged and Mechanical Joins Threaded Joints . Tubing Joints . Cauked Joints Special Joints Assembly of Brittle Piping Cleaning of Piping ... Inspection Examination General Responsibility for Examination Examination Requirements ...... 109 Extent of Required Examination 109 Supplementary Examination . 109 Examination Personnel. 10 Examination Procedures no ‘Types of Examination no General no Visual Examination .. no Radiographic Examination 110 Ultrasonic Examination .. 0 In-Process Examination ...... 10 Testing . fe no Required Leak Test cen no General Requiréments for Leak Test 110 Preparation for Leak Test ...... ut Hydrostatic Leak Test ut Pneumatic Leak Test ....2...... mt Hydrostatic-Paeumatic Leak Test mt Initial Service Leak Test . 11 Sensitive Leak Test . m1 Records... ut ‘Typical Plastic Piping Joints 107 Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Nonmetals .. 99,Chapter VII Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined With Nonmetals (Cont'd) A323.4.2C Recommended Temperature Limits for Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe. 100 432343 Recommended Temperature Limits — Thermoplastics Used as Linings . 100 4326.1 Component Standards... 102 A3413.2 Acceptance Criteria for Bonds no Chapter VIN Piping for Category M Fluid Service 300 General Statements 3 Part 1 Conditions and Criteria ......... n3 M301 Design Conditions. 13 M3013 Design Temperature, Metalic Piping 13 M3015 Dynamic Effects 3 M302 Design Criteria. n3 302.1 General. 3 302.2 Pressure-Temperature Design Citria 13 M3023 Allowable Stresses and Other Stress Limits for Metallic Pi ua 302.4 Allowances 5 ua Part 2 Fremare Design of Metals Piplg Components .- 44 M303 General. 14 M306 Pressure Design of Metallic Components ...... 14 Part 3 Fuld Servis Requirements for Metall Piping Components 14 M305 : ieee 14 M305.1 4 305.2 Specific Requirements for Metallic Pipe . na M306 Metalic Figs, Bends, Mites, Lape and Branch Connections na M306.1 Pipe Fitings na 1306.2 Pipe Bends . na 1306.3, Miter Bends na 1306.4 Fabricated or Flared Laps na 1306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections. us 1306.6 Closures . us M307 Metallic Valves and Speciaty ‘Components ns M307. General : ns M3072 Specific Requirements. us M308 Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, and Gaskets nS 1308.2, Specific Requirements for Metallic Flanges .. nS 308.3, Flange Facings . ns M308.4 Gaskeis . ene us 308.5 Blanks... ns M309 Bolting 2.2... : ns Part 4 Fluid Service Requirements for Metalic Piping Joins us M310 Metallic Piping, General . ve nS M3IL Welded Joints in Metalic Piping... nS MBILI General oe eseessesseeseesseesees 116 M3112 Specific Requirements 116 MBI2 Flanged Joints in Metallic Piping co 116 M313 Expanded Joints in Metallic Piping . 116 MBI4 ‘Threaded Joints in Metallic Piping 16 MBI4.1 General. 16 M3142 Specific Requirements 16Chapter VIII MBIS M316 M17 M18 Part 5 MB19 M321 Part 6 M322 322.3 322.6 Part 7 M323 M3231 M323.2, M3233, 323.4 323.5 M325 M325.1 Part & M326 M326.1 M326.2 Part 9 M327 M328 M3283, M330 M331 M332 M335 335.1 335.2, M335.3, 335.4 M335.6 M335.9 Part 10 ‘M340 M341 M3414 M342 M343 M344 M345, M346 Parts 11 Through 20, Corresponding to Chapter VII MA300 Piping for Category M Fluid Service (Cont'd) Tubing Joints in Metallic Piping Cautked Joints : Soldered and Brazed Joints Special Joints in Metallic Piping . Fleiblty an Sepport of Metalic Pping Flexibility of Metallic Piping . Piping Support Systems Specific Piping Systems . Instrument Piping ....... Pressure Relieving Systems ... Metallic Materials General Requirements Materials and Specifications ‘Temperature Limitations Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria. Fluid Service Requirements for Metallic Materials Deterioration of Materials in Service Materials — Miscellancous Joining and Auxiliary Materials . : Standards for Piping Components ..... Dimensions and Ratings of Components .... Dimensional Requirements é Ratings of Components . Friraton, Assembly, and Ereton of Mata Ping General ...... : : : Welding of Metals. Welding Materials... Preheating of Metals . Heat Treatment of Metals Bending and Forming of Metals Assembly and Erection of Metallic Piping General... ; Flanged Joints Threaded Joints Tubing Joints .... Special Joints Cleaning of Piping . Inspection, Examinati Inspection’ ..... Examination . Extent of Required Examination . Examination Personnel Examination Procedures ‘Types of Examination Testing . Records General Statements 116 116 16 n6 6 16 6 6 n6 16 7 7 u7 7 u7 7 17 17 17 7 u7 7 n7 17 7 7 18 us 8 18 118 8 18 18 118 us ug us 8 118 18 19 119 119 119 119 ng ug 119Chapter VIII Part 11 ‘MA301 1MA302, MA302.2 1MA302.3, MA302.4 Part 12 MA303, MA304 Part 13 A305 MA306 MA3063 MA3064 MA3065 MA307 MA308 MA308.2, Part 14 MA310 MA3IL MASILI MA3I12 MA3I2, MA3I3 M314 MA3I4.1 MA3IS MA3I6 MA3I8, Part 15 MA3I9 A321 Part 16 MA322 Part 17 MA323 MA323.4 Part 18 MA326 Part 19 Ma327 MA328 A329 MA332 A334 A335, Piping for Category M Fluid Service (Cont'd) Conditions and Criteria Design Conditions. Design Criteria Pressure-Temperature Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits . Allowances ...... viene Pressure Design of Nonmetallic Piping Components cote General ...ssseeseee Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Piping Components. Pipe. Noumea Ftigs, Bends, Mitr, Laps and Branch Connections Miter Bends . : Fabricated Laps : Fabricated Branch Connections Nonmetallic Valves and Specialty Components Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, and Gaskets . Nonmetallic Flanges . Bolting Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Piping Joints . General ; Bonded Joints. General ..... Specific Requirements. Flanged Joints Expanded Joints ‘Threaded Joints General Tubing Joints in Nonmetallic Piping . Cautked Joints . Special Joints 2.2.0.0... Flexibility and Support of Nonmetallic Piping . Piping Flexibility . Piping Support . Nonmetalic and Nonmetallic Lined Systems Specific Piping Systems ........ Nonmetallic Materials... General Requirements. Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Materials ‘Standards for Nonmetallic and Nonmetallic Lined Piping Components .. Dimensions and Ratings of Components Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection of Nonmetallic and Nonmetallic Lined Piping Fabrication of Piping Lined With Nonmetals Bending and Forming Joining Nonplastic Piping . ‘Assembly and Erection 119 19 19 ng ng 19 ng ug 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 ra 121 1 121 121 ra 1 ra 1a 121 11 11 11 121 11 121 121 11Chapter VIII Piping for Category M Fluid Service (Cont'd) Part 20 MA340 MA341 MA342, A343 MA344 MA345 MA346 Chapter IX 300 K300.1 300.2 300.3 300.4 Part 1 K301 K30L1 K3012 K301.3 K3015 302 302.1 K302.2 K302.3 K302.4 Part 2 303 304 304.1 304.2 304.3, 304.4 K304.5 304.6 304.7 304.8 Part 3 K305 K305.1 5306 K306.1 306.2 306.3 K306.4 306.5 307 307.1 308 Inspection, Examination, Testing, and Records of Nonmetallic and Nonmetallic Lined Piping ... 12 Inspection : 122 Examination. 12 Examination Personnel 122 Examination Procedures", 12 Types of Examination 122 Testing . 12 Records... ; 122 High Pressure Piping General Statements... 123 : 123 Definitions 123, Nomenclature... 123 Status of Appendices 123 Conditions and Criteria 123 Design Conditions. 13 General 123 Design Pressure. 123 Design Temperature . 124 Dynamic Effects . 124 Design Criteria 124 General Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria Allowable Stresses and Other Design Allowances 5 Pressure Design of Piping Components General ........... a Pressure Design of High ‘Straight Pipe Curved and Mitered Se; Branch Connections Closures : A Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks Redecers ere Seunes Pressure Design of Other Components. Fatigue Analysis .. — Fluid Service Requirements for Piping Components . Piper Requirements Fittings, Bends, Pipe Fittings . Pipe Bends Miter Bends Fabricated or Flared Laps. Fabricated Branch Connections Valves and Specialty Components General ; : : Flanges, Blanks, Flange Facings, and GasketsChapter IX High Pressure Piping (Cont'd) 308.1 General... oe BI 308.2 Specific Flanges BL 308.3 Flange Facings BL 308.4 Gaskets... BL 308.5 Blanks 131 309 Bolting BI Part 4 Fluid Service Requirements for Pins Joints. 132 K310 General. 132 B11 Welded Joints. 132 GILL General. 132 K3I12 Specific Requirements 132 312 Flanged Joints 132 1312.1 Joins Using Flanges of Different Ratings 1B2 1313, Expanded Joints 132 Kad Threaded Joints 132 K3141 General 132 K3142 Special Threaded Joints 132 3143 Other Threaded Joints . 132 KIS Tubing Joints 132 K316 Caulked Joints. 132 317 Soldered and Brazed Joints 133 K3I7.1 Soldered Joints 133 K3172 Brazed Joints 133 K318 Special Joints 133 K3I8.1 General. ; 133 K3182 Specific Requirements 5 133 Part § Fesiiity and Support 133 1319 Flexibility : 133 K321 Piping Support. : 13 Part 6 Systems 133 K322 Specific Piping Systems 133 K3223 Instrument Piping 133 K322.6 Pressure Relieving Systems 133 Part 7 Materials . 134 K323 General Requirements. 134 1323.1 Materials and Specifications. 1B4 5323.2 ‘Temperature Limitations . Ba K3233 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance ( 135 K3234 Requirements for Materials ; 137 K3235 Deterioration of Materials in Service . 138 K325 Miscellaneous Materials. 1B8 Part 8 Standards for Piping Components . 138 K326 Dimensions and Ratings of Components . 138 Part 9 Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection . 139 K327 General. 139 K328 139 K328.1 139 K328.2 140 K3283 140High Pressure Piping (Cont'd) Preparation for Welding Welding Requirements Weld Repair Proheating ........ General Specific Requirements Heat Treatment... General ........ 5 Specific Requirements. ending and Forming « General Bending Forming Required Heat Treatment Brazing and Soldering Assembly and Erection General. Flanged Joints. Threaded Joints . Special Joints Cleaning of Piping 5 Inspection, Examination, and Testing Inspection Examination Examination Requirements Extent of Required Examination ‘Supplementary Examination . Examination Procedures Types of Examination General Visual Examination : ‘Magnetic Particle Examination Liquid Penetrant Examination . Radiographic Examination Ultrasonic Examination . In-Process Examination . Eddy Current, Examination Testing ....-. Required Leak Test General Requirements for Leak ‘Tests Preparation for Leak Test .. Hydrostatic Leak Test .. Pneumatic Leak Test ... Hydrostaic-Pneumatic Leak Test for Components and Welds Records Responsibi Required Records Retention of Records Example of an Acceptable Impact Test Specimen .High Pressure Piping (Cont'd) Pipe Bored for Alignment: Trimming and Permitted Misalignment ... Some Acceptable Welded Branch Connections Suitable for 100% Radiography . an perenne 4a) Acceptable Severity Levels for Steel Castings Required Ultrasonic or Eddy Current Examination Longitudinal Defects Impact Testing Requirements 126 Minimum Required Charpy V-Notch Impact’ Values 138 Component Standards .. 139 Acceptance Criteria for Welds 145 Allowable Stresses and Quality Factors for Metall and Boling ‘Materials 149 Stress Tables lowat 21 Physical Properties of Piping Materials . . 237 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors + 255 Reference Standards » 259 Precautionary Considerations + 265 Safeguarding . . am Sample Calculations for Branch Reinforcement . : m3 Nomenclature een » 219 Allowable Susases fr High Frese Piping - + 289 ‘Aluminum Alloy Pipe Flanges . + 305 Guide to Classifying Fluid Services + 309 Allowable Variations in Elevated Temperature Service : atl Metallic Bellows Expansion Joints . ea 313 Preparation of Technical Inquiries on 319 pene callFOREWORD Responding to evident need and at the request of ‘The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the ‘American Standards Association initiated Project B31 in March 1926, with ASME as sole administrative sponsor. The breadth of the field involved required that membership of the Sectional Committee be drawn from some 40 engineering societies, industries, government bureaus, institutes, and trade associations, Initial publication in 1935 was as the American ‘Tentative Standard Code for Pressure Piping. Revisions. from 1942 through 1955 were published as American Standard Code for Pressure Piping, ASA B31.1. It was then decided to publish as separate documents the various industry Sections, beginning with ASA B31.8- 1955, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Sys- tems. The first Petroleum Refinery Piping Code Section was designated ASA B31.3-1959, ASA B31.3 revisions were published in 1962 and 1966. In 1967-1969, the American Standards Association became first the United States of America Standards Institute, then the American National Standards Institute. ‘The Sectional Committee became American National Standards Committee B31 and the Code was renamed the American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping. The next B31.3 revision was designated ANSI B31.3-1973, Addenda were published through 1975. ‘A draft Code Section for Chemical Plant Piping, prepared by Section Committee B31.6, was ready for approval in 1974. It was decided, rather than have two closely related Code Sections, to merge the Section ‘Committees and develop a joint Code Section, titled Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping. The first edition was published as ANSI B31.3-1976. In this Code, responsibility for piping design was conceptually integrated with that for the overall pro- cessing facility, with safeguarding’ recognized as an effective safety measure. Three categories of Fluid Service were identified, with a separate Chapter for Category M Fluid Service. Coverage for nonmetallic piping was introduced. New concepts were better defined in five Addenda, the last of which added Appendix ™M, a graphic aid to selection of the proper Fluid Service category. ‘The Standards Committee was reorganized in 1978 as a Committee operating under ASME procedures with ANSI accreditation. It is now the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 Committee. Section committee structure remains essentially unchanged The second edition of Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping was compiled from the 1976 Edition and its five Addenda, with nonmetal requirements editorially relocated to a separate Chapter. Its new designation was ANSVASME B31.3-1980. Section Committee B31.10 had a draft Code for Cryogenic Piping ready for approval in 1981. Again, it was decided to menge the two Section Committees and develop a more inclusive Code with the same ttle. ‘The work of consolidation was partially completed in the ANSVASME B31.3-1984 Edition Significant changes were made in Addenda to the 1984 Edition: integration of cryogenic requirements was completed: a new stand-alone Chapter on high- pressure piping was added; and coverage of fabrication, inspection, testing, and allowable stresses was reorga- nized, The new Edition was redesignated as ASME/ ANSI B31.3-1987 Edition, ‘Addenda to subsequent Editions, published at three- year intervals, have been primarily to keep the Code up-to-date. New Appendices have been added, however, ‘on requirements for bellows expansion joins, estimating service life, submittal of Inquiries, and aluminum flanges in the 1990 and 1993 Editions, all designated as ASME B33, In a program to clarify the application of all Sections of the Code for Pressure Piping, changes are being ‘made in the Introduction and Scope statements of B31 and its ttle is changed to Process Piping. “Under direction of ASME Codes and Standards man- ‘agement, metric units of measurement are being empha- sized. With certain exceptions, SI metric units are listed first in the 1996 Edition and are designated a5 the standard. Instructions for conversion are given where metric data are not available, U.S. customary units also are given. By agreement, either system may be used.ASME CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING, B31 OFFICERS LE, Hayden, Jr, Choir D.R.Frikkeo, Vice Chair J. Yarmush, Secretary (COMMITTEE PERSONNEL . A. Bourguia, Pleasantville, New York ‘ED. Byers, Mobil Research & Developmen, Princeton, New Jersey LF, Clynch, CONOCO, Ponca City, Okshoma D.M, Flcher, Sargent & Landy, Naperville, Hinois PD, Fenner, Consumers Power Co., Cover, Michigan DR. Fricken, Soluia, Inc, Missouri PH. Gardaer, Wilmington, Delaware [R. W. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc, Foster Cty. California LE, Hayden, Je, Vitali Company of America, Easton, Peonsyvasia RR. Hoftmana, Federal Energy Regulaory Commission, Washington, Distt of Columbia B. P, Holbrook, ile Stoker Corp., Worcester, Massachusetts G.A. Joly, Heny Vogt Machize Co Lousile, Kentucky 1K. Kaye, Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada W.B, McGehee, Houston, Texas . Michalopoules, Hartford Steam Boller Inspection and Insurance Co, Harford, Conectcut ‘A. Porlons, ABB Combustion Engineering, Inc, Windsoe, Connecticut 'W. V, Richards, Willam V. Richards, Ie, Lincolashice, Minis {G.W. Spohn TH, Colejon Spohn Corp, Cleveland, Ohio LG, Vetter, Sargent & Lundy Enginers, Chicago, Iinois RB. West, Sis of Iowa, Des Moines, wa ‘E-Yarmash, ASME Intemational, New York, New York B31.3 PROCESS PIPING SECTION COMMITTEE D.R. Frikken, Chair, Solatia, Ine, St Louis, Missouri ‘ED. Byers, Vice Chai, Mobil Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey {E Labeador, Secretary, ASMB, New York, New York BL. Agee, Eastman Chemical Co, Kingspr, Tennessee EL. Andreanl, BP Oil, Clevland, Obio ‘EJ. Ardner, Amoco Corp, Whiting, Indiana EJ. Bane, Consultant, Houston, Texas {C. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co. Ine, Liberty Comer, New Jesey DD. Curkstan, Vitmlic Co, Bridgewater, New Jersey DL. Coym, Parsons Energy de Chemicals Group, Houston, Texas 3. A, D’Avanzo, Dupont Engineering, Wilmington, Delaware CLE. Davila, Crane Valves, Houston, Texas D.R. Edwards, Philips Peoleum Co, Barletvile, Oklahoma LP. Blenberger, WF International, lnc, Houston, Texas [R. W, Engle, Union Carbide Corp, South Chareston, West Virginia DJ. Fetmer, Aco Alaska, Ine, Anchorage, AlaskaP. H, Gardner, Consultant, Wilmington, Delaware E,W. Gilbreth, Consultant, Houston, Texas D.C. Glover, Brown and Root Alhambra, California B.S. Harris, Crane Resistofiex, Marion, Noth Carolina 1. W, Haupt, Pressure Piping Engrg. Associates, Inc, Foster City. Calfomia RC. Hawthorne, M. W. Kellogg Co, Kay, Texas RB. Hinckley, Consultant, Melrose, Masachuserts R.D. Hookway, Hookay Engineering, Chelmsford, Massachusets R. H, Hudson, Je, Consultant, Baton Rouge, Lousiana DB. Kadakia, T,, Willianson, Inc. Tulsa, Oklahora W. J. Kores; UOP, Inc, Des Plaines, inois 'W. N, MeLean, Newco Valves, Palos Par, Iino J.-E. Meyer, Middough Assocation, Inc, Cleveland, Ohio ‘T.M, Miller, Eastman Kodak Co. Materials Lab, Rochester, New York VB, Molina I, Kvaerner Proces, Bridgewater, New Jersey G. Narian, Foster Wheeler USA, Clinton, New Jersey RG. Nichols, Exxon Research & Engineering Co., Florham Park, New Jersey J. Ofttt, Teaco, tn. Belle, Texas ‘A.B, Post, Je, Consultant, Sounderstowa, Rhode Island 1D. W. Rabel, CCM 2000, Rockaway, New Jersey RW. Rapp, J Shell Chemical Company, Houston, Texas £Z. Romoda, Chevron Corp, Richnond, California, W, E. Short Ml, Pressure Systems Enginoerng, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware R.A. Sierra, Fuor Daniel, vine, California RJ. Silvia, Process Engincers and Constructors, in. Warwick, Rhode Island ‘A. R. Simmons, Pipe Fabricating & Supply Co, Santa Fe Springs, Calforia J.-L, Smith, Kvaemer E & C, Houston, Texas R. W. Strain, Bechtel Corporation, Houston, Texas W. Tatar, Factory Mutual Research Corp, Norwood, Massachusets HL Thlelsch, Tiesch Enginering Associates, Inc, Cranston, Rhode Island Q.N. Truong, M. W. Kellogg Co., Houston, Texas LJ. Weibeer, Air Products & Chemicals, Inc, Allentown, Peansyvania LT Wier, Consultant, Houston, Texas G. B. Woods, Brown & Root. Houston, Texas RJ. Young, Nova Gas Transmission Lud, Albena, Canada CG. Ziu, Orion Ficings, Inc, Mesimack, New Hamphire B31.3 SUBGROUP ON ACTIVITIES ‘B.C. Bassett, Philips Petroleum Co, Baresvlle, Oklahoma RK. Broyles, Pathway Bellows, nc, Oak Ridge, Tennesice 1. Davis, Ecsigs, Bellingham, Washigton (©. R Greulich, NASA Ames Center, Moffet Feld, California, RA. Grichuk, Fluoe Dall, le, Houston, Texat G. Guerra, MeDemmot Engieering, Houston, Texas 1M, Luckenbil, Ameron, Wiebla Falls, Texas RJ. Medvik, Swageok, Hudson, Ohio (C. Nath, EI da Pont de Nemouts & Co, Inc, Wilmington, Delaware A. Nose Je Ae Product & Chemical, In. Alntown,Pnnayivania EM, Pravealk, Argo Products, Caron, California ‘A. P. Rangus, Bechtel, Aken, South Carolina LB. Sve, Philips Petroleum Co., Richardson, Texas B31 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, L. E. Hayden, Jr Chir, Victlic Company of Ameria, Easton, Pennsyivania D.R. Frikken, Vice Chair, Solutia, In, St Lous, Misourt 4. Yarmush, Secretary, ASME, New York, New York P. D. Fenner, Consumers Power Co., Cover, Michigan LG. Vetter, Sargent & Lundy Engineers, Chicago, Miois xiiB31 MATERIALS, FABRICATION, AND EXAMINATION TECHNICAL COMMITTEE P.D. Fenner, Chair, Consumers Power Co, Covet, Michigan J. Yarmush, Secretary, ASME, New York, New York ‘EA, Cox, Colonial Pipeline Co, Atlant, Georgia >. C. DuPernel, Lancaster, New York . G. Hopkins, EI. duPot de Nemours & Co, Wilmington, Delaware A.D. Nance, A D. Nance Associates, Ic, Evan, Georgia D. W. Rahoi, CCM 2000, Rockaway, New Jerey RCL Seals, Berkeley, California BR. J. Silvia, Process Engineers and Constructor, Ine, Warwick, Rbode Island W. J. Sperko, Sprko Engineering Services, ln. Greensboro, North Carolina E.F. Summers, Jr Babcox & Wilzox Constrvtion, In, Copley, Ohio B31 MECHANICAL DESIGN TECHNICAL COMMITTEE RW. Haupt, Chir, Pressure Piping Engineering Astcistes Inc, Foster City, California 4. Yarmust Secreary, ASME, New York, New York ‘C. Becht IV, Becht Engioccring Co, Liberty Comer, New Jersey EP. Breen, AEA O'Donnell, Pesburgh, Penaeyvania I-A. Graziano, Tennesse Valley Authority, Chatanooga, Tennessee D. Hart, SSD Engineering Consultants, Walnut Cree, California Holbrook, Riley Stoker Corp, Worcester, Massachusetts W. J. Koves, UOP, Inc, Des Plies, inois PL. Lin, Wisconsin Public Service Corp, Kewaunee, Wisconsin G. Mayers, Naval Surface Warfare Centr, Annapolis, Maryland, ‘T.Q. MeCawley, Charlane, North Caotina . Michalopoulas, Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Co, Harford, Connecticut ‘E.G. Miniehill, Vectra, Naperville, Hlnols ‘A.D. Nance, A. D. Nance Associate, Inc, Evans, Georgia ‘A. W. Paulin, Conde Enginerig Services, Houston, Texas P.S. Rampone, Hart Design Group, Grenville, Rhode Island R.A. Robleto, Brown and Root, In, Houston, Texas EC. Rodabaugh, Dublin, Otio 1M. J. Rosenfeld, Kiefner & Associates, Ine, Worthington, Ohio RA. Schmidt, Lash Co, Rusellvile, Arkansas Q.N. Truong, M. W. Kellogg Co, Houston, Texas B.A. Wale, Wais and Associates, Inc, Norcross, Georgia G.E Woods, Raytheon, Houston, Terat B31 CONFERENCE GROUP . A. Bell, Pipeline Safety Engineer, Olympia, Washington M. L. Brunton, KPO, Topeka, Kansat G. Bynog, Texas Deparment of Labor and Standards, Austin, Texas R. Coomes, Department of Housing/Boler Section, Frankfort, Kentucky ‘A.W, Diamond, Department of Labour & Manpower, Saint Johns, Newfoundland, Canada 1M. P. Fitzpatrick, Department of Labour & Human Resources, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada 1. W. Greenavalt, Je, Oklahoma Department of Labor, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma HL D. Hanrath, North Carolina DOL. Raleigh, North Carolina (CJ, Harvey, Alabama Public Service Commission, Montgomery, Alabama . T, Jagger, Ohio Department of Commerce, Reynoldsburg. Ohio M. Kot, Regie du Baiment du Quebec, Monreal, Quebec, Canada KT, Lau, Albera Boiler and Pressure Vetsel Safety, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada RG. Marini, New Hampshire Public Usltes Commission, Concord, New Hampehire LW. Maalt, Manitoba Department of Labour, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada ‘A. W. Meiring, Department of Fie Preveton and Building Safety, Indianapolis, indiana . F, Mullaney, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Safety Branch, Vancouver, Bish Columbia, Canada W. A. Owen, Noh Dakoea Public Service Commission, Bismarck, Noh Dakota|W. M, Pleardo, Deparment of Consumer and Regulatory Affas, Washington, District of Cokumbia P, Sher, Department of Public Uilty Comuol, New Briain, Connecticut HL E, Shut linois Commerce Commission, Springfield, Ilinois M. E Skarda, Deparenent of Labour, Little Rock, Arkansas RL. Smith, University of South Caroina, Columbia South Caotna ELL, Sparrow, Board of Public Uslies, Newark, New Jersey A. Star, Department of Laber, Lincoln, Nebraska . Sturema,fowa Sute Department of Commerce, Des Moines, Towa RP, Sullivan, Navonal Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, Columbus, Ohio LE, Troppman, Division of LaborBoiler Inspection, Denver, Colorado RW. Vindich, Deparment of Labor and Industry, Harsburg,Pennsyivania ‘CH. Waters, National Bosrd of Boller and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, Columbus, Ohio W. A. West, Department of Labour, Charionetown, Prince Edvard Islnd, Canada 17. F. Wickham, Departneat of Labor, Providence, Rhode Island B31 NATIONAL INTEREST REVIEW GROUP ‘American Boiler Manufacturers Association — R. J Fletcher ‘American Insite of Chemical Engineers — W. C. Carell ‘American Pipe Fitng Association — H. Thelsch ‘Amerean Society of Heating, Refigeration and Ais Conditioning Eagineees — H.R. Korblum (Chemical Manufacturers Association —D. R.Frikken (Compressed Gas Association — M. F, Melhiors Copper Development Association — A. Cohen Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association — T. F. Stroud alzon Bleue Istite — R. L. Wiliams International District Heating Association — G. Von Bargen ‘Manufacturers Standardization Socery ofthe Valve and Fitings Industry — R. A, Schmidt ‘Mechanial Contactors Assocation of America — J. Hansmoan [National Associaton of Plumbiag-Heating-Cooling Contactors — R. B. White National Association of Regulatory Utiy Commissioners — D. W. Sayder [National Fire Protection Assocation — T. C. Lemoft Nuioaal Fuld Power Assocation — H..G, Anderson Pipe Fabrication Insitute — L. Katz Slury Transport Assocation — P. E,Snock Society of Ohio Safety Engineers — J. M. Holleran Valve Manufactres Assocation — R.A. Handschamacher xxiv