02 Introduction To Compute Virtualization

Introduction to Compute
Virtualization
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreword
 Cloud computing 1.0 focused on virtualization which today has become
the foundation of cloud computing. This chapter focuses on the
architecture and technologies involved in compute virtualization.
Page 2 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will:
 Be able to describe what virtualization is.
 Understand the differences between virtualization and cloud computing.
 Understand KVM technology.
 Understand Huawei’s FusionSphere virtualization solution.
Contents
1. Introduction to Virtualization
2. Introduction to KVM
3. Introduction to FusionCompute
What’s a Virtual Machine (VM)?
How is a virtual
machine
created?
What’s Virtualization?
A Brief History of Compute Virtualization
2007 2014
HP launched HP-UX Rocket was launched.
1964 Integrity VMs. 2008
IBM began to Microsoft added
containers
explore virtualization 2006 Hyper-V in Windows 2013
on mainframes. Server 2008 R2.
Qumranet first Docker was launched.
1972 announced KVM. 2008
IBM launched VMs Linux Container LXC
running on 2002 was launched. 2011

mainframes. Xen was officially IBM, Red Hat, HP, and
1999 open sourced. 2008 Intel formed the Open
By default, RHEL 6.0 Virtualization Alliance

VMware launched x86-
supported KVM as the to accelerate KVM
based virtualization
only virtualization option. adoption.
products.
kvm is built in in latest version
Important Concepts in Compute
Virtualization
traditional as your pc
Guest OS:
Physical Server Virtual Machine
Operating system running in a virtual machine
Application Application (VM)
Guest Machine:
Host OS Guest OS
Virtual machine created-virtualization
through virtualization
is a tech
Ubuntu
Hypervisor:
-hypervisor is a program
Guest Machine
-programs themselves have their product
VMware names or
Virtualization software layer, like CNA
Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)
Monitor
(Hypervisor)
Host OS:
Host Machine Host Machine Operating system running in a physical machine

your laptop Host Machine:
Physical machine
t
Types of Compute Virtualization
App App
App App App Guest OS Guest OS

-VMware workstation
Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS VM VM
-KVM (needs linux)
VM VM VM App VMM
-Vbox from oracle
VMM
-ESXI Host OS
apps are put VMM doesn't need OS, just a machine -CNA
in VM no apps in it Hardware Hardware
Bare-Metal Virtualization Hosted Virtualization

(Type 1) (Type 2)
fit for servers fit for PCs
Characteristics of Virtualization
Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS
Host OS
Partitioned Isolated
Encapsulated Independen
t VM VM
CPU Virtualization
improvement for i/o over full VT
Full virtualization Paravirtualization
Application Application
Ring 3 Ring 3
Ring 2 Ring 2
Paravirtualized
Guest OS
Ring 1 Ring 1 Guest OS
Hypervisor Hypervisor
Ring 0 Ring 0
Hardware Hardware
Memory Virtualization
memory mapping
VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4
VM memory
Host
memory
I/O Virtualization
 Emulation [Full Virtualization]: Complete simulation of the hardware, for example,
keyboard and mouse. Access to such hardware depends on the capture of focus
by the host, and leads to poor performance in some cases.
 Paravirtualization: Access to hardware drivers is transferred from the I/O frontend

to the I/O backend. This mode is usually only used for hard disks and NICs, and
delivers high performance.
 IO-through: Hardware devices capable of I/O passthrough, such as hard disks and
NICs, are directly allocated to VMs. In Xen, Dom0 allocates hardware devices but
does not take part in the access of the hardware. Hardware support is required.
-AMD-V
-VT Enable
Cloud Computing and Virtualization
Cloud
Computing
Mainstream Compute Virtualization
Technologies
Compute Virtualization
CPU virtualization, memory virtualization,
I/O virtualization
Open Source Closed Source
KVM Hyper-V
Xen VMware ESXi
Huawei
FusionSphere
Xen vs. KVM
Dom0 DomU DomU DomU Other Guest OS Guest OS

Application
PV
Backends
HW PV PV PV QEMU QEMU
Drivers Frontends Frontends Frontends
KVM
Xen Lunix
HW Drivers
Hardware Hardware
Contents
What’s KVM?
but both do the same thing
runs vm
VM VM
Application program A Application program B
Binaries/Libraries Binaries/Libraries
User
Guest OS Guest OS
Space User
ProcessesSpace QEMU QEMU
Processes
quick emulator
User space
Kernel space
KVM
Linux kernel
module
Physical
hardware
KVM Architecture
Management Tools
CLI (command line) GUI
Virt-
Virsh Virt-viewer Virt-install Others
manager
application
Libvirt programming
interface
Linux Kernel
(KVM module)
QEMU QEMU
Guest Guest
OS OS
Libvirt
VM VM VM VM
(Guest OS) (Guest OS) (Guest OS) (Guest OS)
Manage
-ment
Hypervisor Hypervisor Tools Hypervisor
Libvirt
Linux host Linux host
Node Node
KVM I/O Process - Default
Guest OS
4
I/O Shared Page 1 10
QEMU I/O 7 Device
Emulation Code
Driver
3 8
Notification 2 9
I/O Trap
5 Code
KVM Module
will be very networkDevice
card Linux Kernel
slow because Driver
it works on
FULL VT 6
Physical Hardware
KVM I/O Process - Virtio
Guest OS
QEMU virtual ring
1 8
3 2
Virtio Backend Virtio Frontend
Driver vring Driver
6 7
Notification
I/O Trap
4 Code
KVM Module
Linux Kernel
Device Driver
Physical Hardware
Contents
FusionCompute Architecture
VRM
Virtual Resource Pools
Cluster
FusionCompute Advantages
Unified management Quick VM
of virtual and provisioning
physical resources
Physical
resourc Physical
e resource
Physical
resourc
e
Virtual
resourc
e
VRM VRM
Functions of FusionCompute Components
Component Function
CNA provides the following functions:
• Provides virtual computing functions.
CNA
• Manages VMs on compute nodes.
• Manages compute, storage, and network resources on compute nodes.
VRM provides the following functions:
• Manages block storage resources in clusters.
• Manages network resources, such as IP addresses and VLANs in clusters, and assigns IP
addresses to VMs.
• Manages the lifecycle of VMs in clusters, and allocates and migrates VMs across compute
nodes.
VRM
• Dynamically schedules resources in clusters.
• Manages virtual resources and user data in a unified manner and provides elastic
computing, storage, and IP address services.
• Provides a unified Web UI portal, allowing O&M engineers to remotely access the
FusionCompute system to monitor and manage resources, and create and view resource
reports.
Quiz
1. In compute virtualization, which of the following allocates CPU and memory
resources to VMs? ( )
A. Guest OS
B. VMM
C. Hypervisor
D. Host OS
2. All open-source virtualization technologies are type 1 virtualization, while all

closed-source ones are type 2 virtualization.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE
Summary
 This chapter provides basic knowledge about compute virtualization, including
CPU, memory, and I/O virtualization. It introduces you to open-source
virtualization technology by using KVM as an example, and also to commercial
virtualization products by using FusionCompute as an example.
Recommendations
 Huawei e-Learning website
 http://support.huawei.com/learning/Index!toTrainIndex
 Huawei Support case library

 http://support.huawei.com/enterprise/servicecenter?lang=en
 HCIA-Cloud Computing v4.0 online forum

 https://forum.huawei.com/enterprise/en/Huawei-Official-Communication-
Channel-HCNA-Cloud-Certification-Course/thread/456287-911
Thank You
www.huawei.com

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Introduction to Compute

 Understand the differences between virtualization and cloud computing.

 Understand KVM technology.

 Understand Huawei’s FusionSphere virtualization solution.

running on 2002 was launched. 2011

By default, RHEL 6.0 Virtualization Alliance

Host Machine Host Machine Operating system running in a physical machine

App App App Guest OS Guest OS

Bare-Metal Virtualization Hosted Virtualization

fit for servers fit for PCs

Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS

VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4

 Paravirtualization: Access to hardware drivers is transferred from the I/O frontend

Open Source Closed Source

Xen VMware ESXi

Dom0 DomU DomU DomU Other Guest OS Guest OS

2. All open-source virtualization technologies are type 1 virtualization, while all

 Huawei Support case library

 HCIA-Cloud Computing v4.0 online forum

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