4. What is meant by the phrase “American Dream”?

How does it impact to the

migration trend of Vietnamese people?

I can be sure that none of us are unfamiliar with the phrase "American Dream" and in this
essay, Iam going to dicuss about this topic.

At first, I would like to define the phrase “American Dream”. The American Dream is a
national ethos of the United States, the set of ideals (democracy, rights, liberty, opportunity,
and equality) in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, as well
as an upward social mobility for the family and children, achieved through hard work in a
society with few barriers. The term "American Dream" can be considered that "life should be
better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or
achievement" regardless of social class or circumstances of birth.

It can be said that in the current era of world integration, the American Dream has a great
influence on the migration trend of Vietnamese people. If surveying a certain number of
Vietnamese people about the country you want to live in, the US will certainly account for a
large part. The specific reason for this issue is that in the mind set of Vietnamese people, the
American dream has built an extremely ideal America to live and work, an ideal life that you
can get richer and richer easily, ignoring the dark side of immigrating to this country.
Moreover, the American Dream is also "in the United States, you can live with your passion
and are given the conditions to live your passion"; and in the US, even when you do
nothing, you will also receive subsidies from the government, which Vietnam does not have;
not to mention that the living conditions in the US are extremely good, modern, and
dynamic. All those things are extremely attractive to Vietnamese people, extremely today's
young generations when in Vietnam, there are still too many prejudices and constraints.

6. What are the differences between the party spectrums: Left wing and Right wing?
The main distinctions between left-wing and right-wing philosophies are upon individual rights vs.
government power.

Left-wing attitudes are liberal in that they believe the government should play a larger role in society.
Right-wingers believe that the best outcome for society is obtained when individual rights and civil
liberties are prioritized and the government's role — and especially its authority — is reduced. The two
camps embrace diametrically opposed views on law and order, foreign policy, social welfare, economic
equality, racial equality, women's rights, sexual freedom, patriotism, social customs, religion, family
values, and business, labor, and private enterprise orientations.

For instance, Government programs such as social security and Medicare, Medicaid, universal
healthcare, food stamps, free public education, unemployment assistance, strong environmental
legislation, and other industry restrictions are examples of expanding government roles. Right-wing
ideology favors market-based solutions to the problems that these government programs are
attempting to address. For example, fostering a more open healthcare market that is driven by
consumer choice in order to reduce costs. Alternatively, instead of government-guaranteed Social
Security, private retirement savings could be used. In the orther hands, the left-wing ideology will fully
believe and support the decisions and solutions the government makes and owns. When the ideas of
the far left and far right are compared to the normal left–right ideological dimension, they can be
classified as being on different sides of the political spectrum. However, when the two groups are
compared in terms of political and psychological styles, how they handle political opponents, and the
techniques they are willing to use to attain their goals, they exhibit many similarities that can rightfully
be labeled authoritarian.

In conclusion, right wing politics refers to a conservative or reactionary political party, while left wing
politics refers to a liberal or progressive political party. The major distinction between left and right wing
politics is that the former emphasizes equality, freedom, rights, progress, and reform, whereas the latter
emphasizes duty, hierarchy, authority, order, tradition, and nationalism.

7. What are distinguish features of the US/UK electoral system?

Us and Uk electoral system have many features that are diffent from each other and I would
like to discuss about four main differences.

At first, people in the United States vote individually for their president and state legislators,
however in the United Kingdom, the vote is combined. People in the United Kingdom and
Northern Ireland vote in general elections to elect their local MP. In most cases, the party
with the most MPs forms the government, and the head of that party becomes Prime
Minister. As a result, a vote in a British general election signifies a vote for a local MP, a
party, and a prime minister to varied degrees.

Secondly, on polling day in the United Kingdom, voters mark their choice with an X, and the
candidate with the most votes at the end of the night's count is elected as the
constituency's MP. The ruling Government (the Executive) is formed by the party with the
most elected MPs, and the head of that party becomes Prime Minister. In the United States,
presidents are elected via the electoral college system, in which each vote for a presidential
candidate is cast by a group of persons known as "electors," each of whom is a member of a
political party and has pledged to vote for that party's candidate. Depending on the size of
the state's population, each state is represented by a different number of electors.

Thirdly, Unlike in the United Kingdom, where elections are held every five years unless the
administration of the day obtains Parliament's agreement to move the date forward. In the
United States, presidential elections are held every four years, House members every two
years, and Senators every six years, with overlapping terms so that only a third of the seats
are up for election each cycle.

Last but not least, one of the key differences between the British and American systems
stems from the use of campaign money: America is huge, and that means it takes a lot of
cash to spread the word. In Britain, there are tight controls on what parties can spend on
campaigning, and private contributions are relatively modest.

8. Discuss at least 2 differences and/or similarities between the school systems in 2

countries of your own preference.
In this essay, I will discuss the differences and similarities between the American and Vietnamese school
systems. Admittedly, the results of American education are too outstanding and impressive. No wonder
why the US is always the number 1 chosen educational environment for many international students
and parents. Objectively, if compared with Vietnam, our education still must try a lot.

The first thing is about the division of education levels, US and Vietnam are quite like each other. In the
US, before going to university, you have to study for 12 years from Elementary to High School. Like
Vietnam, at about 6 years old, children start primary school. Each class has about 20-30 students, they
are taught mainly how to read, write, and count. The duration for this level of study is 5 years, after
which the next level of education begins. After completing the Primary school program, they will
continue at the secondary level with 2 educational programs: Middle School (3 years) and High School (4
years), which slightly different in Vietnam (4 years and 3 years respectively).

Secondly, the biggest difference is that in the US, students are very proactive about their study time as
well as being allowed to choose their own teachers, the amount of homework is as high as a mountain,
which is rare for students. Like other advanced educations such as Germany, France, England...
American education focuses on developing the personality and natural ability of people through
organizing many extra-curricular activities. Accordingly, teachers will monitor and detect the qualities of
each student so that they can focus and develop that quality. Moreover, the school and family will
create conditions for students to pursue their interests and future aspirations. In contrast, in Vietnam,
parents or teachers are cramming and "making ideas" for their children to orientate to study subjects
according to their parents' wishes. Although in recent years our country has promoted the organization
of extra-curricular activities, it is still limited in detecting qualities and orienting according to the
aspirations or interests of students.

9. Compare and contrast private and public school system in Vietnam and other
countries.
A public school is a school affiliated with the central or local state. It has investment in funding as well as
facilities such as houses, land ... as well as activities mainly with public finance or non-profit
contributions. What about a private school? A private school, also known as a private school, is a private
school established and operated by a private institution. Private schools are also known as independent
schools that are not administered by a local government or agency. They therefore retain the right to
choose their students.

In VietNam, Technical facilities at private schools are usually more modern and spacious compared to
public schools. Because the investment capital from the leaders of the people-founded system will have
the right to decide in the renovation, repair or upgrade as well as the construction of additional
classrooms. As for public schools that will have to rely heavily on state capital, the process of applying
for funding also needs to go through many very complicated steps. This is considered the most basic
difference between public and private schools. Often public schools will receive support from the state
as well as financial resources to be able to operate.

However, in contrast to private schools, tuition fees will be from students and other donations, so the
tuition fees at these schools will be higher than that of public schools. In the current learning process,
public schools often set very strict admission standard through the National High School Graduation
Exam. However, for private schools, it is through the form of examination of academic records as well as
high school exam scores to consider recruiting candidates to the school. In Viet Nam, most employers
will prioritize students who have graduated from top public schools, so it can be seen that Vietnamese
people prefer public schools. In other countries, the public and private school systems are quite similar
in Vietnam. The most obvious difference is that in terms of job opportunities after graduation, foreign
businesses often do not pay attention to which school you go to, but mainly rely on your real ability.

10. Business etiquette refers to a set of behavior codes that are based on common sense and cultural
norms in a business context. Give examples to illustrate these 2 aspects of B etiquette.

Business etiquette is important because it creates a professional, mutually respectful atmosphere and
improves communication, which helps an office serve as a productive place. People feel better about
their jobs when they feel respected, and that translates into better customer relationships as well.

Business etiquette is the customs or rules governing behavior regarded as correct or acceptable in
Business life. Business etiquette based on common sense is a set of rules that applies for everyone from
around the world. It governs the way people interact with one another in business, with customers,
suppliers, with inside or outside bodies. It is all about conveying the right image and behaving in an
appropriate way. For instance, DON’T use your cell phone during business or social events. It implies
that you believe the call to be more important than the event you’re attending or the people you’re
with. Exceptionally, if a family member has a medical emergency or condition that you need to be
monitoring (e.g., your spouse/partner is pregnant and due any moment, or your parent is having major
surgery that day), most people will understand. But let them know why you’re checking your phone.
Then, if you must take or make a call, DO quietly remove yourself and speak in private.

On the other hands, Business etiquette based on cultural norms is its own unique dimension that
includes getting off on the right foot, meetings, negotiation, formalities, social media use, internships
and work placements and other elements. A business etiquette based on cultural norms will encompass
as organisation’s values, visions, working style, beliefs and habits. For example, Unlike in Western
countries, bowing is a way to greet someone in the majority of East Asia, Japan included. There are
mainly 3 ways to bow, depending on how much you respect someone or how apologetic you are.
Bowing slightly at 15 degrees is the more casual or informal way of greeting someone. During meetings,
however, people would normally bow at 30 to 45 degrees and hold it for a couple of seconds. In this
same aspect, when the host shows you to the elevator, don’t be surprised if they bow for a few seconds
or until the elevator comes. When this happens, it’s good to mimic the motion for about the same time
to be polite.

11. Compare and contrast Management styles in 2 cultures of your own choice.
Management styles in different countries can be extremely diverse. To clarify this statement, I will
compare managment styles of America and Japan.

American management style can be described as individualistic in approach in so far as managers are
accountable for the decisions made within their areas of responsibility. Although important decisions
might be discussed in open forum the ultimate responsibility for the consequences of the decision lies
with the boss – support or seeming consensus will evaporate when things go wrong. The up side of this
accountability is, of course, the American dream that outstanding success will inevitably bring
outstanding rewards. Therefore, American managers are more likely to disregard the opinions of
subordinates than managers in other, more consensus or compromise- oriented cultures. This can
obviously lead to frustrations, which can sometimes seem to boil over in meeting situations.

Meanwhile, the key task for a Japanese manager is to provide the environment in which the group can
flourish. In order to achieve this he must be accessible at all times and willing to share knowledge within
the group. In return for this open approach, he expects team members to keep him fully informed of
developments. This reciprocity of relationship forms the basis of good management and teamwork.
Japanese management emphasises the need for information to flow from the bottom of the company to
the top. This results in senior management having a largely supervisory rather than hands-on approach.
As a result, it has been noted that policy is often originated at the middle-levels of a company before
being passed upwards for ratification. The strength of this approach is obviously that those tasked with
the implementation of decisions have been actively involved in the shaping of policy. The higher a
Japanese manager rises within an organisation, the more important it is that he appears unassuming
and lacking ambition. Individual personality and forcefulness are not seen as the prerequisites for
effective leadership.

12. Compare and contrast Business communication styles in 2 cultures of your own choice.

Effective communication in the workplace is essential — not only does it play a role in achieving your
daily goals but it has a significant impact on your career. You and your colleague’s business
communication styles play an important part in successful collaboration. Understanding how you
communicate and the communication styles of those around you is a game-changer. Communication is
so much more than the words we speak. It includes our body language, non-verbal cues and the
behavior that follows our words. However, business communication in each country has its own unique
points and I would like to compare Japan and France.

In Japan, Physical contact like hugging, kissing on the cheek, or even touching elbows is also a definite
no-no. While your friendship or acquaintance may seem close, those kinds of touching can be seen as
far more intimate acts than you may intend. While Japanese coworkers or potential business partners
may shake your hand, they are likely doing that to help make you feel comfortable. In contrast, In
France, people exchange "la bise", which consist on giving a first kiss on one cheek and after that first
kiss, another kiss is given at least once on the opposite cheek and while you are exchanging "la bise",
you should not shake the other person hands.

Secondly, In the West, it’s often polite to find and hold eye contact, and can even be interpreted as a
sign of friendship in business settings. In Japan, however, prolonged eye contact can be seen as
aggressive, and sometimes makes Japanese people very uncomfortable. This is once again the opposite
of the French side; Direct eye contact is understood as a form of respect. It is considered to be
extremely rude not to make and maintain eye contact.

Lastly, using a card case is proper Japanese etiquette, while placing cards into your wallet or pocket
gives the impression of disrespect or that the other person’s card is of no importance to you. Whereas
there is no ritual for exchanging business cards in France. However, when you are given a business card,
examine it thoroughly before putting it away, which shows your respect to your partner.

13. What are some criteria for ethical decision making of corporations?

Making ethical business decisions consistently is a key to long-term success for any business, although
ethical decision makers may, at times, achieve weaker short-term financial results than their shadier
counterparts. Knowing how to make ethical business decisions can help you to set the standard
throughout your organization, helping your company to garner a strong, positive reputation in the
marketplace while securing a loyal customer base. The three ethical decision criteris are utiliratrianism,
rights and justices.

First, utilitarianism criterion is on their outcomes, which has a goal such as efficiency, productivity, and
high profits. With the increase in efficiency, productivity increase and if the productivity increases
automatically profit increase. In this technique, a decision maker is supposed to examine the impact of
each choice option on all parties and choose the one that maximizes the number of people satisfied.
Because actual computations can be complicated, it's a good idea to simplify them.

The second ethical decision is rights. A right in decision is to protect and respect the basis rights like free
speech, privacy right, etc. of the coporation. Managers must avoid interfering with others' basic rights
when making ethical judgments. A choice to spy on workers, for example, is a violation of the right to
privacy. Human beings have basic rights and liberties, which cannot be taken away by an individual's
decision, according to the moral rights perspective. As a result, an ethically sound action is one that best
protects the rights of individuals who are impacted.

The last ethical decision criterion is justice. The decision must be fair and impatial, also the equal
distribution of benefits and costs. Managers are expected to specify the characteristics that justify
differing treatment of personnel. It's tough to answer questions like how minorities should be
compensated for past prejudice. This perspective, on the other hand, justifies attempts to right past
wrongs, play by the rules, and insist on job-relevant disparities as the foundation for various levels of
compensation or advancement prospects as ethical conduct.

18. What are some current intense conflicts (at least 2) between countries?
Talking about current intense conflicts, I cannot ignore two extremely hot conflicts recently, one is
between the US & Iran and the another is between Russia and Turkey. I would like to discuss about the
conflict between the US and Iran first.

In January 2020, the U.S. killing of Iranian commander Qassem Suleimani brought U.S.-Iran tensions
close to a boiling point. In the end, Iran’s response was relatively limited, and neither side chose to
escalate, though the temperature remained perilously high. The new U.S. administration could calm one
of the world’s most dangerous standoffs, notably by returning to the 2015 nuclear deal, also known as
the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The Trump administration's Iran policy pulled the US
out of the JCPOA so throughout Trump’s presidency, Iran’s nuclear program grew, increasingly
unconstrained by the JCPOA. The regional picture grew more, not less, fraught, with incidents – from
Suleimani’s killing on Iraqi soil to attacks on Saudi energy industry targets widely attributed to Tehran –
triggering multiple brushes with open war. After Trump, Biden has signalled that he will shift course,
agree to rejoin the JCPOA if Iran resumes compliance, and then seek to negotiate a follow-on deal
tackling ballistic missiles and regional policy. But if they return to the JCPOA, the larger challenge will be
to address the regional tensions and polarisation that, left to fester, will continue to jeopardise the deal,
and could trigger conflict.

About the conflict between Russia and Turkey, these two coutries are not at war, often in cahoots, yet
frequently backing opposing sides. They often see one another as partners, compartmentalise discord
on one issue from discussions on others. Yet as Turkey’s 2015 downing of a Russian jet near the Turkey-
Syria border and the 2020 killings of dozens of Turkish soldiers in airstrikes by Russian-backed Syrian
forces show, the risk of unexpected confrontations is high. Any falling-out could exacerbate the conflicts
in which they are both entangled.

17. Explain the need for ethical behavior in either social or business contexts.

I cannot deny one thing that the need for ethical behavior is always essential regardless of the context
whether it is in society or in business.

Ethical behavior is based on written and unwritten codes of principles and values held in society. Ethics
are the set of moral principles that guide a person’s behavior. These morals are shaped by social norms,
cultural practices, and religious influences. Ethics reflect beliefs about what is right, what is wrong, what
is just, what is unjust, what is good, and what is bad in terms of human behavior. Therefore, they serve
as a compass to direct how people should behave toward each other, understand, and fulfill their
obligations to society, and live their lives.

In business, ethics, also called corporate ethics, is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that
examines the ethical and moral principles and problems that arise in a business environment. It can also
be defined as the written and unwritten codes of principles and values, determined by an organization’s
culture, that govern decisions and actions within that organization. It applies to all aspects of business
conduct on behalf of both individuals and the entire company. In the most basic terms, a definition for
business ethics boils down to knowing the difference between right and wrong and choosing to do what
is right.

Ethics are a central concern for businesses, organizations, and individuals alike. Behaving in a way that
adds value without inappropriate conduct or negative consequences for any other group or individual,
organizational leaders must be completely aware of the consequences of certain decisions and
organizational trajectories and ensure alignment with societal interests. There are many examples of
ethical mistakes in which organizational decision makers pursued interests that benefited them at the
cost of society. The 2008 economic collapse saw a great deal of poor decision-making on behalf of the
banks. The Enron scandal is another example of individuals choosing personal rewards at the cost of
society at large. These types of situations are extremes, but they highlight just how serious the
consequences can be when ethics are ignored.