1.

The use of gene amplification technology by PCR detects nucleic acid sequences specific to the parasite in
question because Real-time PCR assays using SYBR Green are simpler and less expensive than TaqMan probe
assays. (1 and 2 are true)
2. Adult whipworm has a curved anterior end because male threadworm appears like pins. (1 and 2 are false)
3. Triatoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chaga’s disease because the trypomastigote of T. cruzi do not multiply in
the bloodstream (1 false, 2 true)
4. Wuchereria bancrofti is sheathed because microfilaria is fork-tailed. (1 true, 2 false)
5. Eggs of hookworms are similar to threadworm because the infective filariform larva is a feeding stage. (1 true, 2
false)
6. The proven vector of Japanese encephalitis in the Philippines is Culex tritaeniorynchus because Aedes aegypti is
primarily known as tiger mosquito. (1 and 2 true)
7. Albendazole is larvicidal and ovicidal because necatoriasis is both percutaneous and orally acquired. (1 and 2
true)
8. Acanthamoeba has only two stages: cyst and flagellated stage because Naegleria spp. are thermophilic
organisms. (1 false, 2 true)
9. Paired adult worms of blood flukes migrate to mesenteric venules of bowel because egg deposition of
schistosomes can occur in any organ but those most commonly involved are the kidneys and the brain. (1 true, 2
false)
10. Seatworm is meromyarian because rhabditiform larva of hookworm undergoes pulmonary migration. (TF)
11. Internal quality control allows the laboratory to look at its own processes while in external quality control allows
comparison of performance and results among different test sites. (TT)
12. In a paratenic host, the parasite remains alive and is able to infect another susceptible host because humans are
always the final host. TF
13. The adult worms of Echinococcus spp. inhabit the small intestine of man because sparganosis is diagnosed
through recovery of fertilized eggs in human stool.In a paratenic host, the parasite remains alive and is able to
infect another susceptible host because humans are always the final host. FF
14. Egg reduction rate cannot be determined because eggs of Strongyloides stercoralis are not passed out in the
feces while reinfection rate is difficult to calculate because of autoinfection. FT
15. Direct fecal smear is the preferred egg-counting technique for schistosomes because hepatosplenic disease is the
least serious consequence of chronic schistosomiasis. FF
16. A complete patient history is the primary tool for diagnosing Chaga’s disease because members of the T. brucei
complex belong to the family Salivaria. TT
17. Adult Parastrongylus cantonensis can be recovered from pulmonary arteries of man because trichinellosis is
associated with contaminated beef. FF
18. Oxyuriasis agent has symmetrical eggs because capillariasis agent has peanut-shaped eggs. TT
19. Neglected tropical diseases are biologically diverse group of acute diseases unified by their strong association
with developed countries because successful control of NTDs require active surveillance programs of the
national level. FF
20. Only the epimastigote form is exhibited by T. brucei complex, because trupanosomes are able to evade the
immune response of the host through a process called antigenic variation. FT
21. Cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease because thorough cooking of meat can prevent and control taeniasis. TT
22. Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of primary amebic meningoencephalitis because Acanthamoeba keratitis
is diagnosed by epithelial biopsy or corneal scrapings. TT
23. Pediculus humanus capitis is found in the body because genital louse has a crab-like body. FT
24. Filarial worms of Loa loa lives in the eyes because mosquito vectors of Brugia malayi belongs to the genus
Aedes. FF
25. “Delhi” boil” is associated with sleeping sickness because visceral leishmaniasis is an important opportunistic
infection in AIDS patients. FT
26. The eggs of fasciolid digenetic trematode embryonates in water because echinostomids have a collar of spines
around their ventral suckers. TF
27. E. moshkovskii is osmotolerant because E. dispar is morphologically similar to E. histolytica. The intermediate
host of Paragonimus cantonensis is Achatina fulica because the primary site of parastrongyliasis infection is the
liver. TT
28. The intermediate host of Paragonimus cantonensis is Achatina fulica because the primary site of parastrongyliasis
infection is the liver. FF
29. E. polecki is found in the intestines of dogs because E. nana cyst is quadrinucleate when mature. FT
30. A stereoscopic microscope is for easier examination of large specimens such as adult worms because in the
identification of helminth cysts, size is taken into consideration. TF
31. The pig is both the final and intermediate host in trichinellosis infection because latex agglutination technique may
be utilized for rapid confirmation of trichinellosis. TT
32. The primary hosts of Babesia are mammals because ticks are intermediate hosts or vectors of Babesiosis. TF
33. Excystation of pathogenic ameba occurs in the stomach because ingested RBCs of trophozoites appear as
greenish refractile bodies in the cytoplasm of the ameba. FT
34. The dwarf tapeworm has a retractable rostellum while the rat tapeworm has a spherical egg. TT
35. Health education is an important component of prevention and control because anisakids have elongated
vermiform bodies with uniform segmentation. TF
36. Iodamoeba butschlii cyst stains dark brown with iodine because trophozoites are best demonstrated by direct
fecal smear. TT
37. The eggs of Fasciola spp. and Fasciolopsis spp. are distinguishable from each other because the heterophyids
inhabit the small intestine of fish. FF
38. Malaria is the world’s most important tropical parasitic disease because malaria can also be transmitted through
blood transfusion. TT
39. The presence of an endoparasite is called an infection because the presence of an ectoparasite on a host is
called an infestation. TT
40. A procedure manual must be made available to the laboratory personnel for reference because the most
important instrument used in diagnostic parasitology laboratory is the slide for stool examination. TF
41. Balantidium coli creates a flask-shaped ulcer with a narrow neck because Entamoeba ulcer has a rounded base
and a wide neck. FF
42. Asexual multiplication in Toxoplasma gondii is by a variation of binary fission called endodyogeny because
toxoplasmosis is commonly asymptomatic as long as the immune system of the patient is functioning well. TT
43. Dipylidium caninum is a very common intestinal parasite of dogs and cats because dipylidiasis can be established
upon recovery of eggs in routine stool examination. TF
44. Trichomonas vaginalis cyst is pyriform in shape because the cyst of Chilomastix mesnili is lemon-shaped. FT
45. Opisthorchis and Clonorchis parasitize the bile ducts of humans and the most important aspect of infection with
the flukes is their role in carcinogenesis. TT
46. Intestinal anisakidosis usually mimics appendicitis because salting and marinating are effective against anisakid
larvae. TF
47. Dientamoeba fragilis has two flagella because Blastocystis hominis belongs to an informal group called
Straminophiles. FT
48. Toxocara canis completes its life cycle in children because human toxocariasis is a soil-transmitted zoonosis.FT
49. The strobila of the fish tapeworm is spatulate because the eggs of this parasite are embryonated when laid. FF
50. The end goal of a parasite is to reproduce and perpetuate the species because multiple processes can
predispose a person to infection by compromising the anatomical and physical barriers of the host. TT
51. Lymphedema (W. bancrofti and B. Malayi)
52. DEC (W. bancrofti and B. Malayi)
53. Smoothly curved in blood films. W. bancrofti
54. Pink Sheath in Giemsa. B. malayi
55. 2 terminal nuclei (B. Malayi)
56. Liver abscess. Pathogenic ameba
57. Entamoeba moshkovskii. Nonpathogenic ameba
58. Splinter-like chromatoidal bodies. Nonpathogenic ameba
59. Quadrinucleate cyst. Pathogenic ameba
60. Ingested RBC. Pathogenic ameba
61. Large lateral spine. Blood fluke
62. Aquatic plants. Nonblood fluke
63. Snail. Blood and nonblood fluke
64. Operculum. Nonblood fluke
65. Miracidium. Blood and Nonblood fluke
66. 15-20 lateral uterine branches. T. aginata
67. Ingestion of eggs causes pathology. T. solium
68. Beef. T. saginata
69. Cysticercosis. T. solium
70. Man as an intermediate host. T. solium
71. Skin penetration. Not with A. lumbricoides and T. Trichiura
72. Embryonated when laid. Ascaris and Trichuris
73. Chinese lantern eggs. Trichuris
74. Rectal prolapse. Trichuris
75. Pulmonary migration. Ascaris
76. 8-24 merozoites in a schizont. Falciparum
77. Sausage-shaped gametocytes, falciparum
78. All stages present in peripheral blood. Malariae
79. 72 hours asexual cycle. Falciparum
80. Merozoites in rosette form. Malariae
81. Pila luzonica. Intestinal fluke
82. Trapa bicornis. Intestinal fluke
83. Fascioliasis. Liver fluke
84. Echinostomids. Intestinal fluke
85. Eating raw water-grown vegetables. Liver and Intestinal Fluke
86. Echinococcosis. Extraintestinal Cestodes
87. Taeniasis. Intestinal Cestodes
88. Surgical removal of larvae from the infected tissues. Extraintestinal Cestodes
89. Flour beetle. Intestinal cestodes
90. Sparganosis. Intestinal cestodes
91. Meromyarian type of smooth muscle. Old and New world hookworms
92. Cutting plates. New world hookworm
93. Eggs have bluntly rounded ends. (old and New)
94. Curved ventral teeth. Old
95. Head is curved opposite to the curvature of Eggs have bluntly rounded ends the body. New
96. Toxocariasis. Detection of Antibody
97. Immunoblot for schistosomiasis. Detection of Antibody
98. Immunocapture utilizing two antibodies. Ag
99. Microscopy is impossible in asymptomatic infection. Ab
100. Distinguishes pathogenic from nonpathogenic ameba. Ag
101. Definitive host. Sexually mature parasite
102. Paratenic host. No further development of the parasite
103. Intermediate host. Larval stage of the parasite
104. Reservoir host. Additional sources of human parasites
105. Trichuris trichiura. Whipworm
106. Ascaris lumbricoides. Giant roundworm
107. Ancylostoma duodenale. Hookworm
108. Enterobius vermicularis. Pinworm
109. Echinococcus granulosus. Hydatid tapeworm
110. Dipylidium caninum. Dog tapeworm
111. Diphyllobothrium latum. Fish tapeworm
112. Hymenolepis diminuta. Rat tapeworm
113. Fascioliasis. Snail-aquatic plants
114. Echinostomiasis. Snail-snail
115. Clonorchiasis. Snail-fish
116. Paragonimiasis. Snail-crab
117. Entamoeba hartmanii cyst. 5-10 um
118. Entamoeba coli cyst. 10-35um
119.