Module 2 Rizal and The Theory of Nationalism

9/7/21, 10:13 AM Module 2 Rizal and the Theory of Nationalism
Module 2 Rizal and the Theory of Nationalism
Site: New Era University Printed by: Shiela Mae P. Quezada

Course: GECLWR-18 - The Life and Works of Rizal Date: Tuesday, 7 September 2021, 10:13 AM
Book: Module 2 Rizal and the Theory of Nationalism
https://collvle.neu.edu.ph/mod/book/tool/print/index.php?id=97968 1/10
Description
Lesson 1: Title
Table of contents
1. Introduction/Overview
2. Learning Outcomes
3. Module 2: RIZAL AND THEORY OF NATIONALISM
4. Module 2 Assignment 1
1. Introduction/Overview
Introduction:
This lesson introduces the concept

of nationalism in the Philippine context. It discusses the nation as an
“imagined community” in
connection with Rizal and popular nationalism. It also
explains the theory of nationalism in relation to the enactment of the Rizal
Law.
2. Learning Outcomes
Learning Objectives:
At
the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Assess
what characterizes a nation
2. Define
what nationalism is
3. Express how Rizal and his works

contribute to Philippine Nationalism
3. Module 2: RIZAL AND THEORY OF NATIONALISM
Content:
Nationalism is best understood by

first looking into the term nation. Benedict Anderson, a
prominent historian and political scientist who
explored the origins of
nationalism, defined the nation as a fabrication, a bond between people who did
actually exist prior to its own
recognition. For him, the nation “ is an
imagined community- and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign”
(2006). Anderson argues
that the nation is imagined as a community because
regardless of the actual inequalities that prevail, the nation is always
conceived as deep,
horizontal comradeship. It is imagined because it exists in
the figment of the people’s collective imagination. According to Anderson,
nation-
ness is a cultural artefact that is felt as having existed since time
immemorial but is objectively modern as it first emerged toward the end of
18th
century.
Following this conceptualization by Anderson, the Philippine nation is a imagined community because one who identifies himself or herself as a
Filipino will never meet all the other Filipino will never meet all the other Filipinos around the world, yet
he or she is convinced that they exist
and he or she is related to them. Anderson also present the concept of homogenous empty time, borrowed from the ideas of Walter Benjamin,
Which replaced the idea of simultaneity-along-time which referred to the
medieval conception of time as situating events in the past, present,
and future simultaneously. Homogenous empty time suggest that a nation can be imagined as a unit, moving through time. Rizal’s works and
Nationalism- Anderson points out that
Rizal Noli Me tangere conjured an imagined community as if the readers and the author were familiar to
and intimate with each other, with the characters and readers being situated in the same context of time and space. The novel provided the
means
of representing the nation as an imagined community that operated on empty time enabling the reader to be omniscient to see a
delimited society and the actuations of key people in it.
Noli Me Tangere and El filibusterismo emerged as the founding texts of Philippine Nationalism. These novels exposed the ills of Spanish
colonial government and the evils prevailing in the Philippine society by presenting a narrative that contextualizes
the country in terms of
politics, economy, and culture.
Rizal was able to go against the colonizers and show how literature can be used to arouse people to be catalysts of social change. In both his
novels, Rizal was able to portray the Filipino in different dimensions, from those who had colonial mentality,
to those who willingly fought for the
country at all costs. (The Life and Works of Rizal, Clemente and Cruz 2019, P.19-20)
The Novel’s Legacy -For fearlessly depicting the corruptions and abuses by the Spaniards clergy and the colonial government during the
Spanish in the Philippines, the two novels are historically very significant. Basically a social sketch of the country
then, the Noli and Fili reveal
the true setting and condition of the Filipino society in the era.
As essential sources of sociological and anthropological studies, the books provide rich insights into the culture of the 19th and 20th century
Philippines. Their realistic depictions expose a conflicted colonial society seriously split between the oppressors
and the suffering local slaves.
The novel’s characters mimic the various elements and types of individuals in the society. Furthermore, they show favourable positive traits of
the natives then, like the sense of gratitude, the fidelity of women to
their loved ones, and the yearning for freedom and equality.
For their explicit portrayal of what the locals really wished for their country, the books were instrumental in forming the Filipinos (Indios) sense
of national identity but significantly, the novels influenced the revolution led by the Katipunan as they
inspired Andres Bonifacio and the other
revolutionaries in their cause.
Rizal was arrested, exiled to Dapitan, and ultimately executed in 1896 based principally on his writings. In 1956, the Spanish Congress passed
the Rizal Law (Republic Act 1425) requiring all levels of the Philippine schools to teach as part of the curriculum
the hero’s two novels.
Originally written in Spanish, the Noli and the Fili had been translated into various languages like Filipino, English, German, French, Chinese,
and some other Philippine languages. In 2007, an English version of the Noi Me Tangere was released to major
Australian bookstores. It was
published by Penguin Books Classics as part of the publication’s commitment to publish the major literary classic of the world.( Life and works
of Rizal Biography, Writings, and Legacies of our
Bayani, Manebog et.al 2018 p.126)
Imagined Communities
Imagined Communities Benedict Anderson
The Development of Nationalism in the Philippines from Ri…

Ri…
Anderson, Benedict.
1991. Introduction. In Imagined
communities: Reflections on the
origins and spread of nationalism,1-7. Revised ed.
London and New York:
Verso. Pasig City: Anvil, 2003 PH edition.
Anderson,
Benedict.1991,Cultural roots. In Imagined
communities: Reflections on the
origins and spread of nationalism,9-36 Revised ed.
London New York : Verso.
Pasig City: Anvil, 2003PH edition.
Anderson,Benedict. 1991. Creole pioneers. In Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and

spread of nationalism, 47-65 Revised
ed. London
New York : Verso. Pasig City: Anvil,
2003PH edition.
4. Module 2 Assignment 1
Answer
https://collvle.neu.edu.ph/mod/assign/view.php?id=98139&forceview=1

Module 2 Rizal and The Theory of Nationalism

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9/7/21, 10:13 AM Module 2 Rizal and the Theory of Nationalism

Module 2 Rizal and the Theory of Nationalism

Site: New Era University Printed by: Shiela Mae P. Quezada

3. Module 2: RIZAL AND THEORY OF NATIONALISM

This lesson introduces the concept

3. Express how Rizal and his works

3. Module 2: RIZAL AND THEORY OF NATIONALISM

Nationalism is best understood by

Imagined Communities Benedict Anderson

The Development of Nationalism in the Philippines from Ri…

Anderson,Benedict. 1991. Creole pioneers. In Imagined communities: Reflections on the origins and

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