Slide 1:

Title
Assalamu’alaikum wr.wb.
Hallo, my name is Sri Magfirah,
I’m just finished my study in environmental management, postgraduate Hasanuddin University,
Indonesia
I’m the first author of this paper, and the title of this paper is …….
Reduction of Metal Pollution from Domestic Wastewater (Greywater) Using
Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) With Aeration for Water Reuse
And this is what my research has been looking at…
So lets get start it

Slide 2:
Introduction
The better standard of human life, causing the world demands for water is also increasing much faster
than its inhabitants.

As we know, Water covers about 70% of the earth's surface. However, of all the water on earth, 97.5%
of it is saltwater, and only 2.5% is fresh water that humans can use every day. About one-third of the
fresh water on earth is stored as ice or snow, and the other half is stored as groundwater.

This means that only about one percent of the total availability of water can be consumed by humans
While the total population of the earth that needs water reaches around 6 billion people. Thus, Humans
should make efforts to conserve water and reuse wastewater

One of the wastewaters that can be an alternative source of water to be managed again is domestic
wastewater. This domestic wastewater is a combination of liquid and liquid waste originating from
settlements, office trade, and industry together with possible groundwater, surface water and rainwater

Domestic wastewater is characterized as greywater and blackwater. Greywater is domestic wastewater

that comes from kitchens, bathrooms, and laundry, not including waste from toilets, while blackwater is
domestic wastewater that is released through toilets, urinals, and bidets. The average expenditure volume
of greywater is very high compared to other types of wastewater, which ranges from 200 to 400 litres per
person per day, depending on the type of housing, so that about 80% of the water used is wasted, even
though it has the potential to be reused as recycled or reused water.

Greywater Contains more than 90% of the liquid. Substances contained include organic elements
suspended or dissolved such as proteins, carbohydrates and fats and also inorganic elements such as
granules, salts and metals and microorganisms

So, how to remove the contaminants?

To maximize the removal of contaminants in wastewater this requires a combination of three types of
treatment namely physical, chemical, and biological which are believed to be represented by the
processing of the SMFC (Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell) system

Slide 3:
Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell
It is cost-effective and environmentally friendly, can also work in a variety of environmental conditions,
including at low operating temperatures. The lack of maintenance requirements also further enhance
the advantages of this system, simple construction, easy placement in remote locations, and no
emissions from toxic components.

The SMFC is expected to eliminate all contaminants in wastewater in large removal efficiency.
Therefore, in this study, a Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell system was created with the addition of aeration
on a laboratory or experimental scale to test the effectiveness of pollution reduction in domestic
wastewater (greywater) specifically to reduce metal pollution.

Slide 4:
Method
 Two main ingredients, domestic wastewater (greywater) and sediment were used. For a scale of
the settlement area, the wastewater (greywater) sample was taken from Old Bitoa Street, Borong,
Manggala district, Makassar, while sediment samples were taken from Tallo river, Makassar.
 This study was carried out by designing an SMFC device made from a polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
cylinder, using carbon electrodes with a surface area of 15.5744 cm 2. The anode was placed in the
sediment zone, while the cathode in the domestic wastewater zone (greywater). The SMFC was
operated in open circuit voltage mode and then monitored for 240 hours under ambient
temperature conditions (25 oC - 30 oC).

Slide 5:
Analysis Method
The quality of domestic wastewater (greywater) is analyzed using metal parameters (Ferrous and
Manganese metals) according to the Indonesian national standard method (SNI) SNI 6989-82:2018
While the performance of SMFC in producing bioelectric can be seen from the current strength (I) and
voltage (V) generated through measurements using a digital multimeter, using current and voltage data,
the power density value (W m-2) which is the power per unit electrode surface area according to the
following equation:

Slide 6:
Result and discussion (Bioremediation)
  Bioremediation is a way to restore a contaminated environment by exploiting the various
metabolic abilities of microorganisms to turn contaminants into harmless products. The SMFC
system is one of the bioremediation techniques that can currently be carried out with the
additional result is bioelectricity.

 In this study, the analysis of ferrous metals was carried out before and after processing, with a
removal efficiency value of 78.06% and the analysis of manganese metal is 61.73%

 The results of this greywater treatment expected to be an alternative water source for reuse,
such as sanitation hygiene requirements that are following the quality standard, and Based on
several parameters that have tested for metal parameters (Fe metals, and Mn) shows the value
that has met the quality standard.

Slide 7:
Result and discussion (Bioremediation)
Comparison of aerated and non-aerated SMFCs
(based on previous research)

In previous studies I have tested SMFC without aeration, and at this point, I will compare it woth this
study, which show that :
 The metal removal efficiency of the SMFC with aeration (SMFC-2) is higher than the SMFC
without aeration (SMFC-1).
 However, the value of the bioremediation results shown in SMFC-1 is not so far from that of
SMFC-2. So that this treatment system does not need to depend on the addition of the aeration
system required by other aerobic treatment systems.

Slide 8:
Result and discussion (Bioelectricity)
 The performance of SMFC in producing electrical energy is observed from the value of the
strong current (I) and the voltage (V) generated for 240 hours.
 We then put this power density value into a graph, which then shows a sharp increase in the
bioelectricity generated every 20 hours.
 This electrical energy can have considerable potential for energy sources in the future, although
the value of the power obtained in this study is still relatively small.
Slide 9:
Result and discussion (Bioelectricity)
Comparison of aerated and non-aerated SMFCs
(based on previous research)

 If we compare it to smfc without aeration, SMFC with aeration has a more stable electricity
production compared to SMFC without aeration (SMFC-1), although at the beginning of the
operation, the electrical energy production of SMFC without aeration was higher than SMFC
with aeration, but at 140 hours there was a decrease in electricity production which continued
until the end of operation. This reduction in electricity production is likely influenced by the
amount of oxygen that enters the SMFC system, where SMFC is an electrochemical based
technology, in which an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs which involves the presence of
oxygen as an oxidizing agent at the cathode.

Slide 10:
Conclusion
So, the conclusion of this paper are…..
 Greywater had excellent potential as an alternative water source to meet water availability.
However, the reuse of greywater without going processing had an impact on health, so the right
treatment was needed, such as SMFC.
 This system was a bioelectrochemical system that could bioremediate wastewater with
additional results in the form of electrical energy.
 In this studied, the quality before and after domestic wastewater (greywater) was analyzed and
showed a high contaminant removal efficiency of 88.05 % for turbidity, 78.06 % for Fe metal,
and 61.73 % for Mn metal. While the performance of SMFC in producing electrical energy was
observed from the value of the power density produced for 240 hours, the highest power
density value was 0. 0313 W m-2.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION, ANYBODY WOULD LIKE TO ASK?