Title 29

Labor
Parts 1900 to § 1910.999

Revised as of July 1, 2019

Containing a codification of documents

of general applicability and future effect

As of July 1, 2019

Published by the Office of the Federal Register

National Archives and Records Administration
as a Special Edition of the Federal Register
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
service should perform a critique of the prac-
tice rescue, or have another qualified party
perform the critique, so that deficiencies in
procedures, equipment, training, or number
of personnel can be identified and corrected.
The results of the critique, and the correc-
tions made to respond to the deficiencies
identified, should be given to the employer
to enable it to determine whether the rescue
service can quickly be upgraded to meet the
employer’s rescue needs or whether another
service must be selected. The following ques-
tions will assist employers and rescue teams
and services evaluate their performance.
1. Have all members of the service been
trained as permit space entrants, at a min-
imum, including training in the potential
hazards of all permit spaces, or of represent-
ative permit spaces, from which rescue may
be needed? Can team members recognize the
signs, symptoms, and consequences of expo-
sure to any hazardous atmospheres that may
be present in those permit spaces?
2. Is every team member provided with,
and properly trained in, the use and need for
PPE, such as SCBA or fall arrest equipment,
which may be required to perform permit
space rescues in the facility? Is every team
member properly trained to perform his or
her functions and make rescues, and to use
any rescue equipment, such as ropes and
backboards, that may be needed in a rescue
attempt?
3. Are team members trained in the first
aid and medical skills needed to treat vic-
tims overcome or injured by the types of
hazards that may be encountered in the per-
mit spaces at the facility?
4. Do all team members perform their func-
tions safely and efficiently? Do rescue serv-
ice personnel focus on their own safety be-
fore considering the safety of the victim?
5. If necessary, can the rescue service prop-
erly test the atmosphere to determine if it is
IDLH?
6. Can the rescue personnel identify infor-
mation pertinent to the rescue from entry
permits, hot work permits, and MSDSs?
7. Has the rescue service been informed of
any hazards to personnel that may arise
from outside the space, such as those that
may be caused by future work near the
space?
8. If necessary, can the rescue service prop-
erly package and retrieve victims from a
permit space that has a limited size opening
(less than 24 inches (60.9 cm) in diameter),
limited internal space, or internal obstacles
or hazards?
9. If necessary, can the rescue service safe-
ly perform an elevated (high angle) rescue?
10. Does the rescue service have a plan for
each of the kinds of permit space rescue op-
erations at the facility? Is the plan adequate
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for all types of rescue operations that may
be needed at the facility? Teams may prac-
tice in representative spaces, or in spaces
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§ 1910.147
that are ‘‘worst-case’’ or most restrictive
with respect to internal configuration, ele-
vation, and portal size. The following charac-
teristics of a practice space should be consid-
ered when deciding whether a space is truly
representative of an actual permit space:
(1) Internal configuration.
(a) Open—there are no obstacles, barriers,
or obstructions within the space. One exam-
ple is a water tank.
(b) Obstructed—the permit space contains
some type of obstruction that a rescuer
would need to maneuver around. An example
would be a baffle or mixing blade. Large
equipment, such as a ladder or scaffold,
brought into a space for work purposes
would be considered an obstruction if the po-
sitioning or size of the equipment would
make rescue more difficult.
(2) Elevation.
(a) Elevated—a permit space where the en-
trance portal or opening is above grade by 4
feet or more. This type of space usually re-
quires knowledge of high angle rescue proce-
dures because of the difficulty in packaging
and transporting a patient to the ground
from the portal.
(b) Non-elevated—a permit space with the
entrance portal located less than 4 feet above
grade. This type of space will allow the res-
cue team to transport an injured employee
normally.
(3) Portal size.
(a) Restricted—A portal of 24 inches or less
in the least dimension. Portals of this size
are too small to allow a rescuer to simply
enter the space while using SCBA. The por-
tal size is also too small to allow normal spi-
nal immobilization of an injured employee.
(b) Unrestricted—A portal of greater than
24 inches in the least dimension. These por-
tals allow relatively free movement into and
out of the permit space.
(4) Space access.
(a) Horizontal—The portal is located on
the side of the permit space. Use of retrieval
lines could be difficult.
(b) Vertical—The portal is located on the
top of the permit space, so that rescuers
must climb down, or the bottom of the per-
mit space, so that rescuers must climb up to
enter the space. Vertical portals may require
knowledge of rope techniques, or special pa-
tient packaging to safely retrieve a downed
entrant.
[58 FR 4549, Jan. 14, 1993; 58 FR 34845, 34846,
June 29, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 26114, May
19, 1994; 63 FR 66038, 66039, Dec. 1, 1998; 76 FR
80739, Dec. 27, 2011]
§ 1910.147 The control of hazardous
energy (lockout/tagout).
(a) Scope, application, and purpose—(1)
Scope. (i) This standard covers the serv-
icing and maintenance of machines and
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 § 1910.147
equipment in which the unexpected
energization or start up of the ma-
chines or equipment, or release of
stored energy could cause injury to em-
ployees. This standard establishes min-
imum performance requirements for
the control of such hazardous energy.
(ii) This standard does not cover the
following:
(A) Construction and agriculture em-
ployment;
(B) Employment covered by parts
1915, 1917, and 1918 of this title;
(C) Installations under the exclusive
control of electric utilities for the pur-
pose of power generation, transmission
and distribution, including related
equipment for communication or me-
tering;
(D) Exposure to electrical hazards
from work on, near, or with conductors
or equipment in electric-utilization in-
stallations, which is covered by sub-
part S of this part; and
(E) Oil and gas well drilling and serv-
icing.
(2) Application. (i) This standard ap-
plies to the control of energy during
servicing and/or maintenance of ma-
chines and equipment.
(ii) Normal production operations are
not covered by this standard (See sub-
part 0 of this part). Servicing and/or
maintenance which takes place during
normal production operations is cov-
ered by this standard only if;:
(A) An employee is required to re-
move or bypass a guard or other safety
device; or
(B) An employee is required to place
any part of his or her body into an area
on a machine or piece of equipment
where work is actually performed upon
the material being processed (point of
operation) or where an associated dan-
ger zone exists during a machine oper-
ating cycle.
NOTE: Exception to paragraph (a)(2)(ii):
Minor tool changes and adjustments, and
other minor servicing activities, which take
place during normal production operations,
are not covered by this standard if they are
routine, repetitive, and integral to the use of
the equipment for production, provided that
the work is performed using alternative
measures which provide effective protection
(See subpart 0 of this part).
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(iii) This standard does not apply to
the following.
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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–19 Edition)
(A) Work on cord and plug connected
electric equipment for which exposure
to the hazards of unexpected
energization or start up of the equip-
ment is controlled by the unplugging of
the equipment from the energy source
and by the plug being under the exclu-
sive control of the employee per-
forming the servicing or maintenance.
(B) Hot tap operations involving
transmission and distribution systems
for substances such as gas, steam,
water or petroleum products when they
are performed on pressurized pipelines,
provided that the employer dem-
onstrates that (1) continuity of service
is essential; (2) shutdown of the system
is impractical; and (3) documented pro-
cedures are followed, and special equip-
ment is used which will provide proven
effective protection for employees.
(3) Purpose. (i) This section requires
employers to establish a program and
utilize procedures for affixing appro-
priate lockout devices or tagout de-
vices to energy isolating devices, and
to otherwise disable machines or equip-
ment to prevent unexpected
energization, start-up or release of
stored energy in order to prevent in-
jury to employees.
(ii) When other standards in this part
require the use of lockout or tagout,
they shall be used and supplemented by
the procedural and training require-
ments of this section.
(b) Definitions applicable to this sec-
tion.
Affected employee. An employee whose
job requires him/her to operate or use a
machine or equipment on which serv-
icing or maintenance is being per-
formed under lockout or tagout, or
whose job requires him/her to work in
an area in which such servicing or
maintenance is being performed.
Authorized employee. A person who
locks out or tags out machines or
equipment in order to perform serv-
icing or maintenance on that machine
or equipment. An affected employee be-
comes an authorized employee when
that employee’s duties include per-
forming servicing or maintenance cov-
ered under this section.
Capable of being locked out. An energy
isolating device is capable of being
locked out if it has a hasp or other
means of attachment to which, or
498
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 Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor
through which, a lock can be affixed, or
it has a locking mechanism built into
it. Other energy isolating devices are
capable of being locked out, if lockout
can be achieved without the need to
dismantle, rebuild, or replace the en-
ergy isolating device or permanently
alter its energy control capability.
Energized. Connected to an energy
source or containing residual or stored
energy.
Energy isolating device. A mechanical
device that physically prevents the
transmission or release of energy, in-
cluding but not limited to the fol-
lowing: A manually operated electrical
circuit breaker; a disconnect switch; a
manually operated switch by which the
conductors of a circuit can be discon-
nected from all ungrounded supply con-
ductors, and, in addition, no pole can
be operated independently; a line
valve; a block; and any similar device
used to block or isolate energy. Push
buttons, selector switches and other
control circuit type devices are not en-
ergy isolating devices.
Energy source. Any source of elec-
trical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneu-
matic, chemical, thermal, or other en-
ergy.
Hot tap. A procedure used in the re-
pair, maintenance and services activi-
ties which involves welding on a piece
of equipment (pipelines, vessels or
tanks) under pressure, in order to in-
stall connections or appurtenances. It
is commonly used to replace or add
sections of pipeline without the inter-
ruption of service for air, gas, water,
steam, and petrochemical distribution
systems.
Lockout. The placement of a lockout
device on an energy isolating device, in
accordance with an established proce-
dure, ensuring that the energy iso-
lating device and the equipment being
controlled cannot be operated until the
lockout device is removed.
Lockout device. A device that utilizes
a positive means such as a lock, either
key or combination type, to hold an
energy isolating device in a safe posi-
tion and prevent the energizing of a
machine or equipment. Included are
blank flanges and bolted slip blinds.
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Normal production operations. The uti-
lization of a machine or equipment to
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§ 1910.147
perform its intended production func-
tion.
Servicing and/or maintenance. Work-
place activities such as constructing,
installing, setting up, adjusting, in-
specting, modifying, and maintaining
and/or servicing machines or equip-
ment. These activities include lubrica-
tion, cleaning or unjamming of ma-
chines or equipment and making ad-
justments or tool changes, where the
employee may be exposed to the unex-
pected energization or startup of the
equipment or release of hazardous en-
ergy.
Setting up. Any work performed to
prepare a machine or equipment to per-
form its normal production operation.
Tagout. The placement of a tagout
device on an energy isolating device, in
accordance with an established proce-
dure, to indicate that the energy iso-
lating device and the equipment being
controlled may not be operated until
the tagout device is removed.
Tagout device. A prominent warning
device, such as a tag and a means of at-
tachment, which can be securely fas-
tened to an energy isolating device in
accordance with an established proce-
dure, to indicate that the energy iso-
lating device and the equipment being
controlled may not be operated until
the tagout device is removed.
(c) General—(1) Energy control pro-
gram. The employer shall establish a
program consisting of energy control
procedures, employee training and
periodic inspections to ensure that be-
fore any employee performs any serv-
icing or maintenance on a machine or
equipment where the unexpected ener-
gizing, start up or release of stored en-
ergy could occur and cause injury, the
machine or equipment shall be isolated
from the energy source, and rendered
inoperative.
(2) Lockout/tagout. (i) If an energy iso-
lating device is not capable of being
locked out, the employer’s energy con-
trol program under paragraph (c)(1) of
this section shall utilize a tagout sys-
tem.
(ii) If an energy isolating device is
capable of being locked out, the em-
ployer’s energy control program under
paragraph (c)(1) of this section shall
utilize lockout, unless the employer
can demonstrate that the utilization of
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