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Revised Sweet Potato-Cassava
Revised Sweet Potato-Cassava
Introduction
The use of plastic (polyethylene) has increased throughout these years. Non-
biodegrable and high cost raw materials used for making film making products creates an
adverse impact on the world’s environment that prompted the biodegradable, eco-friendly,
low-cost material for production of plastics. (Oluwasina, O. O., et al., 2019) Bioplastic are
made of biodegradable materials that has capability to degrade easily when disposed. Many
researches mainly focuses on improving the properties while maintaining the low cost of
material used for making plastics. Global demand for biodegradable plastics will continue
to rise. Production of root and tuber crops are still stable while there is rapid increase in
The starch used for the bioplastic solution were made from root crops such a sweet
potato and cassava, and had found that they have characteristics viable for making biofilms.
such as potato starch, cassava starch, and corn starch. These starch-based bioplastics are
exploited as a promising type of commercially preserved bioplastics to extend the shelf life
of food. However, it was found out that starch-based bioplastics have some disadvantages,
including low thermal resistance and poor mechanical properties. (De Azêvedo, L. C.,
Rovani, S., Santos, J. J., Dias, D. B., Nascimento, S. S., Oliveira, F. F., … Fungaro, D. A., 2020)
The considered using of different plasticizer to make a great impact to their product.
Different researches have different components added to their bioplastic solution that aims
to enhance its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break,
Several research has found out that adding more concentration to the starch can
heighten the tensile strength of a biofilm. Making it harder and tends to resist if it interacts
with water substances. In the study of researchers Abdullah, A. H. D., et al. (2018) the
highest amount of concentration of starch can increase the hardness or strength of the
bioplastic. Using the lowest concentration resulted to 0.71 MPa while using the highest
concentration resulted 2.57 MPa. The result of elongation at break it showed using the
2.75:1 ratio of starch reached the highest percentage. The ratio 3.5:1 has the lowest
percentage.
Researches that used it as a plasticizer showed a result that can decrease the films tensile
strength. The outcome of the product was less stiff, flexible, and sometimes opaque.
Increasing the amount of glycerol content can make it more flexible and able to bend.
Researchers Mukuze, S, et al (2019) tried decreasing the content but it made the film more
brittle and resulted to increase the percentage elongation at break of the films. In the study
of Ballesteros-Má rtinez, L., et al. (2020), The results showed that increasing the plasticizer
concentration from 10 to 50% decreased puncture strength values from 85.89% for
glycerol-plasticized films and only 49.85% for sorbitol-plasticized film, while its elongation
percentages presented values that ranged between 1.82 and 13.24% for glycerol-
plasticized films and 1.84 and 9.00% for sorbitol-plasticized films. Bharti, et al.’s study
revealed an 8 of 11 decrease in the tensile strength of composite film with the increasing
concentration of glycerol. The elongation at break for the composite film indicated a
significant (p < .05) increase with the increase of plasticizer content. Glycerol can create
intermolecular spaces between polymer chains and can only result to a decrease of the
bonds attached to starch chains. Thus, lowering its strength and allowing it to expand. Also,
Sorbitol was also a commonly used plasticizer that have an opposite effect than
Glycerol. The product made in the study of Lim, W. S., et al. (2020) using sorbitol content
was harder and rigid. The film was hard but not extendable. Adding more can make it
harder while decreasing can make it brittle. The % elongation at break have very low
values when sorbitol was used. The sorbitol has lower chance of loosening or breaking
when it interacts with water due to its structure similarity with starch.
effect or impact to their product. Researchers Nuriyah, L., et al. (2018). Used egg white and
resulted to have effect in increasing the tensile strength and resulted to a rise and fall
values for its elongation at break. Oluwasina, O. O. et al. (2019) research on oxidized starch
also turned to be a factor that can change the mechanical properties of a starch-based films.
The bioplastic became more compact and resulted to being harder to break. As for the
elongation at break, the more amount of oxidized starch the more its elongation increase.
For Souza, A. C., et al (2012) study about nano clay, due to a large number of nanoclay
particles tend to interact with larger particles, which affect the intercalation effect of
nanoclay particles in the bioplastic. As reported, adding amounts of clay caused a decrease
in the tensile strength of the films. While the elongation at break of the films with clay
nanoparticles increased.
Chitosan coating study of Bangyekan, C., et al, added chitosan coating to the starch
film at the maximum load using machine direction and transverse direction. It was
reported that tensile strength values from using both machine direction and transverse is
higher than the other test. That resulted the film to be harder to break. While the %
elongation values from using the machine direction is more than using the transverse
direction. Fakhouri, F. M.,et al (2012) conducted a study for edible biofilms and adding
gelatin in the solution. Gelatin has been also used to be added in the solution that resulted
to an increased in tensile strength and the percentage elongation at break was also
observed and it also produced higher values. For Siagian, M., et al. (2016) study for
microcrystalline cellulose content also resulted to increase its tensile property but its
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Conclusion
that aims to enhance its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at
plasticizers at a time can either be harmful or useful. Glycerol, due to its hydrophilic
component, it can hold water substance and able to break hydrogen bonding that allow the
biofilm to expand which make it a good plasticizer. In the other side, sorbitol has higher
stiffness and firmness that resulted to a bio plastic having a high value in terms of tensile
strength.
strength and elongation at break are mostly required for films to withstand the stress and
maintain its form as well as packaging properties during applications in food packaging.
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