Science Grade 9 q2

9
Science
Quarter 2
Matter
DO_Q2_Science 9_Module 1-8

Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2: Matter
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Published by the Department of Education
Development Team of the Module

Writers:
Janice C. Cabrito, Ruby V. Villanueva, Rowena L. Asis, Mary Jane G.
Roncal, Dannalyn T. Emnil, Anicia B. Rivera, Lolita B. Fornillos, Jakki Mae
L. Pineda, Marivic B. Palisoc, Pamela Luz C. Labios, and Jocelyn C.
Villarta
Reviewers:
Dannalyn T. Emnil, Ryan Joseph H. Espiritu, Lolita B. Fornillos, and Mary
Jane G. Roncal
Content Editors:
Anicia B. Rivera and Pamela Luz C. Labios
Language Editor:
Nancy Hira N. Lim, Rosalinda Quilates
Layout Artist:
Pamela Luz C. Labios, Raphael A. Lopez
Management Team:
Meliton P. Zurbano, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent (OIC-SDS)
Filmore R. Caballero, CID Chief
Jean A. Tropel, EPS LRMS
Dr. Maria Lea Q. Prondo, EPS Science
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Office Address: Pio Valenzuela St., Marulas, Valenzuela City

Telefax: (02) 292-3247
E-mail Address: sdovalenzuela@deped.gov.ph
What I Need to Know
In your Grade 8 Chemistry, you have learned that several scientists conducted
a study about how an atom looks like, and they proposed different models of the
atoms.
Around 400B.C., the Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that matter is
composed of “tiny, indivisible particles”. The idea of atom continued with the work of
John Dalton, who developed and proposed the atomic theory of matter in 1803. In
1897, J. J. Thomson discovered “electrons” through his cathode ray experiment. He
also proposed the “plum pudding” model of an atom.
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

Explain how the Quantum Model of the atom describes the energies and
position of electrons. (S9MT-lla-22)
Specifically, you will:

1. Trace the scientific breakthroughs leading to the development of the
quantum mechanical model of the atom;
2. Describe the set of quantum numbers and complete the given set of
quantum numbers for each given element; and
3. Supply the following data from the electron configuration such as: period
number, group number, number of paired and unpaired electron/s,
number of valence electron/s, and number of core electrons.
What I Know
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Based on Rutherford’s model of an atom, which subatomic particle is
present in the nucleus of an atom?
A. proton C. proton and neutron
B. proton and electron D. neutron and electron
1 DO_Q2_Scicence9_Module1-8
2. If the first and second energy levels of an atom are full, then what would be
the total number of electrons in the atom?
A. 6 B. 8 C. 10 D. 18
3. Which atomic model is proposed by Schrodinger?
A. nuclear model C. raisin bread model
B. planetary model D. quantum mechanical model
4. Which of the following sublevels is correctly designated?
A. 1p5 B. 3f9 C. 2p6 D. 3d11
5. In the Bohr theory of atomic structure, which does the symbol “n” refer to?
A. energy of electron
B. total energy of the atom
C. orbit in which an electron is found
D. number of electrons in an energy level
Lesson Quantum Mechanical Model of the

1 Atom
Pudding model” of the atom in 1904 in which the electrons as negatively
charged parties are embedded in a sea of positive charge. Ernest Rutherford proposed
the Nucleus Theory in 1910 based on his alpha particle gold foil experiment.
According to him, an atom’s mass is mostly in the nucleus which is consists of
protons and neutrons.
What’s New
OBJECTIVES
• Predict the probable location of electron/s in an atom (electron cloud,
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
Directions:
PART A.
Identify the set of quantum numbers of each of the following elements.
1. Li3 n=_____ l= ________ ml = ________ ms = _______
2. C6 n=_____ l= ________ ml = ________ ms = _______
3. Ne10 n=_____ l= ________ ml = ________ ms = _______
4. Ca 20 n=_____ l= ________ ml = ________ ms = _______
5. Si14 n=_____ l= ________ ml = ________ ms = _______
PART B.
Complete the table by filling in the given element’s electron configuration, period
number, group number, number of unpaired electron/s, number of valence
electron/s.
Number of
Electron Period Group Unpaired
Elements Valence
Configuration Number Number Electron(s)
Electron(s)
Ne10
Cl17
Mg12
Number of
Electron Period Group Unpaired
Elements Valence
Configuration Number Number Electron(s)
Electron(s)
Br35
Ca20
What is It
Quantum Numbers
Quantum Number is a value that is used to describe the energy levels
available to atoms and molecules. It is the exact location of an electron. An orbital
can be described by the four quantum numbers n, l, ml, and ms.
In writing quantum numbers, here are the steps in determining the quantum
numbers.
• Start by writing out the electron configuration and orbital diagram for the
element (recall Bohr Planetary Model).
• Locate the electrons in the orbital diagram.
• Determine the 4 quantum numbers
Example 1: H1
n 1 Hydrogen is located at first shell in energy level
l 0 1s1 sub energy level s = 0
ml 0
the spin is located at the 0
the arrow or spin indicate the number of electron in an element
ms ½
since the arrow is upward the ms is +
Example 2. B5
n 2 Boron is located at period 2 of the Periodic table
l 1 1s2 2s2 2p1 the last in electron configuration is 2p1 where p = 1
ml -1
the spin is located at the -1
ms ½ the arrow or spin indicate the number of electron in

an element since the arrow is upward the m s is positive (+)
Below is the example of the last electron configuration of Boron (1s 2 2s2 2p1 ).
In this given, we can still identify the set of quantum numbers.
2p1 n= 2
Period is the horizontal row of the periodic table. There are seven periods in
the periodic table, with each one begins from left to right.
Group/Family is the vertical column in the periodic table.
Valence electrons are those electrons found in the outermost shell of an
atom.
Group number and valence electron are equal. If the group number is 1 the
valence electron is also 1.
Core electrons are the electrons in an atom that are not
valence electrons and do not participate in chemical bonding.
Unpaired Electron is an electron that occupies an orbital singly, rather than
as part of electron pair.
Paired Electron occurs when two electrons occupying the same orbital in an
atom or molecule.
1. N7 -1s2 2s2 2p3
What’s More
1. What is the importance of understanding the structure and behavior of the

subatomic particles of the atom? _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the importance of quantum numbers? _________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the advantages of using data/ information using electron
configuration? _______________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Directions: Choose the correct word from the box below to complete the
blanks in the given paragraph.
regions of space electrons nucleus
quantum mechanical model model proton
The _______________ of an atom describes the atom as having a __________ at
the center around which ____________ move. The ____________ describes the
______________ where the electron most likely to be found.
Assessment
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.
_____ 1. The scientist who believes that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible
particles.
A. Niels Bohr C. J.J Thomson
B. Democritus D. Ernest Rutherford
_____ 2. He developed and proposed the atomic theory of matter.
A. Niels Bohr C. John Dalton
B. Democritus D. J.J Thomson
_____ 3. Based on the gold foil experiment of E. Rutherford, the nucleus of an atom
consists of __________.
A. proton only C. proton and electron
B. proton and neutron D. neutron and electron
_____ 4. He is the scientist discovered the electron by his studies of magnetic and
electric fields on Cathode rays.
A. John Dalton C. Ernest Rutherford
B. J.J Thomson D. Werner Heisenberg
_____ 5. The scientists who proposed the probability that electrons will be found in
a certain location around the nucleus of an atom.
A. Neil Bohr C. Ernest Rutherford
B. J.J Thomson D. Erwin Schrodinger
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the topic on chemical bonding. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

Recognize different types of compounds (ionic or covalent) based on their
properties such as melting point, hardness, polarity, and electrical and
thermal conductivity. (S9MT-llb-14)

1. Enumerate and discuss different physical properties of ionic and covalent
compounds;
2. Distinguish ionic from covalent compounds based on their physical
properties; and
3. Cite natural phenomena that uses different physical properties of ionic and
covalent compounds (ex. Snowflakes, voltaic cells)
What I Know

1. Which of the properties of atoms is the most suitable reference for the
kind of bond that will take place between/among them?
A. atomic size C. electron affinity
B. electronegativity D. ionization energy
2. Which of the following type of bonds will have the highest electrical and
thermal conductivity?
A. ionic bond C. polar covalent bond
B. metallic bond D. nonpolar covalent bond
3. Which among the following shows that an atom is stable?
A. having 2 valence electrons C. having 6 valence electrons
B. having 4 valence electrons D. having 8 valence electrons
4. When does covalent bonding take place?
A. It takes place when atoms attain stability.
B. It takes place when atoms collide with one another.
C. It takes place when the attraction between atoms is strong.
D. It takes place when atoms share electrons with one another.
5. How does ionic bonding take place?
A. Two non-metallic elements of the same kind form strong forces of
attraction.
B. Two non-metallic elements of different kinds form strong forces
of attraction.
C. A non-metallic element like fluorine is attracted to a metallic
element like sodium.
D. A metallic element like sodium transfers an electron to a non-
metallic element like fluorine.
Lesson
Chemical Bonding
2
An atom of different elements, to become stable, must have a closed
configuration similar to those of noble or inert gases. Because of this, atoms tend to
lose, gain, or share their electrons with the other atoms, forming a certain linkage or
bond.
For example, an atom, like Sodium (Na), will tend to give away its one electron
in the outer shell to have a closed configuration similar to Neon (Ne). In the same
way, a Chlorine (Cl) atom that has seven electrons (one less than the number needed
to fill the orbit) in its outermost shell, must accept or receive an electron to fill the
shell and obtain a closed configuration similar to Argon (Ar).
What’s New
OBJECTIVE
• Enumerate and discuss the different physical properties of the ionic and
covalent compounds.
Directions:
PART A: Classify Me!
Classify the following properties as either IONIC or COVALENT compounds. Write (I)
for Ionic or (C) for Covalent on the space before the number.
______1. atoms share electrons to become stable

______2. high melting and boiling points
______3. conduct electricity when melted
______4. usually occurs between nonmetals
______5. poor electrical conductors in all phases
PART B:
Complete the table and briefly answer the following questions below.
FORMULA METALS NON-METALS TYPE OF BOND
1.HF Hydrogen Fluoride Covalent
2. NaCl Sodium Chlorine Ionic
3.C4H10
4.Al203
1. In your own words, what is an ionic bond?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What is Lewis's contribution to our understanding of the covalent bond?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How can you relate the concept of chemical bond to real-life situation?
___________________________________________________________________________
What is It
Ionic and Covalent Bonds
If you know the chemical formula of a compound, you can predict whether it
contains ionic bonds, covalent bonds, or a mixture of bond types. Nonmetals bond
to each other via covalent bonds while oppositely charged ions, such as metals and
nonmetals, form ionic bonds. Compounds that contain polyatomic ions may
have both ionic and covalent bonds.
This is where the properties of ionic and covalent compounds can be useful.
But how can we identify the physical properties of ionic and covalent compounds?
Here are some characteristics to be considered in determining their

physical properties with some exceptions:
● Covalent compounds tend to have lower boiling and melting points than ionic
compounds.
● Covalent compounds tend to be softer and more flexible while ionic
compounds tend to be hard and brittle.
● Covalent compounds do not typically conduct electricity because they dissolve
into molecules while ionic compounds do conduct electricity.
Properties of IONIC and COVALENT Bonds
We know that atoms bond to each other. Scientists have found that there are
only three types of bonds: Ionic bond, Covalent bond, and Metallic bond. If atoms
have an ionic bond, the compound they form is called an ionic compound. If atoms
have a covalent bond, the compound they form is called a covalent compound. These
compounds have different properties that did not happen by chance but are greatly
influenced by the nature of chemical forces in the substances.
What’s More
Directions: Enumerate the properties of ionic and covalent compounds.
Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds
What I Can Do
Directions: Explain whether the following items are ionic or not ionic based on
the properties given.
1. Compound 1 has a melting point of 545 °C and dissolves well in water.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Compound 2 is a brittle material that is used to melt road ice during storms.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Assessment

1. Which of the following type of bonds will have the highest electrical and
thermal conductivity?
A. ionic bond C. polar covalent bond
B. metallic bond D. non-polar covalent bond
2. Which of the following will have the highest melting temperature?
A. lead wire C. sucrose (table sugar)
B. sodium chloride (salt) D. paraffin wax (candle wax)
3. Why do atoms react with one another to form chemical bonds?
A. to produce ions C. to form molecules
B. to attain stability D. to form compounds
4. Which of the following substances when dissolved in water will conduct
electricity?
A. oil C. gasoline
B. glucose D. monosodium glutamate
5. Which of the following set of samples has a metallic bond, covalent bond,
and ionic bonding respectively?
A. alloy, vetsin, and water
B. bronze, paraffin wax, and salt
C. coins, salt, and carbon dioxide
D. gold ring, baking soda, and starch
What I Need to Know
master the formation of ions and Lewis’s electron dot structure. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

Determine how ions are formed. (S9MTIIe-f-16)

1. Differentiate cations from anions based on their tendency to lose or gain
electrons; and
2. Show the formation of ions using the Lewis Electron Dot Symbols (LEDS).
6.
7.
8. What I Know
9.
10.
Directions: Match Column A to Column B. Write the letter on the space
provided before each number.
Column A Column B
_____ 1.
It is a charged atom. A. Ion
_____ 2.
It is a positively charged ion. B. Anion
_____ 3.
An ion that is composed of only one atom C. Cation
_____ 4.
Tends to lose electrons and become D. Metals
positively charged E. Monatomic
_____ 5. These are electrons in the outermost F. Valence Electrons
shell on highest energy level of the atom
Lesson
How Ions are Formed
3
Everyone is seeking stability. Stability refers to the strength to stand or
resistance to chemical change or physical disintegration. If humans seek stability,
so are atoms. Stability in atoms involves the possession of eight electrons in its
outermost energy level of valence electrons. We call this octet rule, which was
proposed by an American chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis. He spent one year in the
Philippines as the Superintendent of the Bureau of Weights and Measures.
What’s New
OBJECTIVES
• Draw the Lewis Electron Dot Symbol of the given elements.
• Differentiate Cations from Anions based on their tendency to lose or gain
electrons.
MATERIAL:
Periodic Table of Elements
Directions:
PART A.
Complete the following table with the required number of electrons to lose or gain to
acquire stability use. (Use your periodic table)
ELEMENT SYMBOL GAIN LOSE
Electrons gained Electrons to lose
Calcium Ca - 2e
Selenium
Argon
Lithium
Aluminum
Cesium
PART B.
Complete the Lewis Electron Dot Structure for each element.
What is It
Lewis Electron Dot Structure (LEDS)

A system known as LEDS proposed by Gilbert N. Lewis is used to emphasize
the atom's valence electron. It is a shorthand method that consists of a symbol of the
element surrounded by dots. The symbol represents the number of atoms while the
dots represent the valence electron of the atom.
Rules on How to Write LEDS

1) Count the number of valence electrons around the atom.
2) Distribute the valence electrons around the atomic symbol by using dots in
any order.
Examples: Show the Lewis Electron Dot Structure on each of the following atoms.
What’s More
Directions: Explain how ions gain or lose electrons.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
In your own words, why are ions important?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Directions: Fill in a Venn Diagram for comparing Cation from the Anion.
CATION ANION
What I Need to Know
to learn best when you are given the task that enables you to discover and experience
the science concepts they need to be understood. The scope of this module is packed
with different activities which will help you in the development of conceptual
understanding which permits you to use it in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

Explain how the structure of the Carbon atom affects the type of
bonds it forms. (S9MT-IIg-17)

1. Explain why carbon is a unique atom (valence electron, bond length,
strength, multiple bond formation. etc.);
2. Differentiate organic from inorganic compounds specifically on its
chemical formula, uses, and properties;
3. Determine the different uses of organic compounds and cite examples
of each organic compound; and
4. Find the properties of common organic compounds through
experimentation.
What I Know

1. Which is true about organic compounds?
A. contain carbon C. can be produced artificially
B. contain calcium D. can be produced by a living organism
2. Why are carbon atoms able to form many organic compounds?
A. Carbon atoms attract electrons from other atoms.
B. Carbon atoms have a strong attraction to other elements.
C. Carbon atoms can form many types of bonds with other carbon.
D. None of the above
3. How many types of bonds can a carbon atom form?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
4. Marcy’s car stopped in the middle of the road. She found out that her
car has run out of fuel. Which compound must she buy?
A. gasoline C. diesel oil
B. kerosene D. lubricating oil
5. What type of bonds are there in the following carbon compound?
H-C=C-H
A. triple C. double
B. single D. single and double bonds
Lesson
The Carbon Compounds
4
Carbon is an element that has unique properties that makes it essential to
human life. Without this element, life as we know it would not exist. Carbon has an
exceptional ability to bind with a variety of other elements because of its four valence
electrons to form a huge number of large, complex molecules called organic
molecules. What’s so great about Carbon? About 98% of all the chemical substances
used today are made up of carbon, the very sociable atom. Carbon is also known as
the covalent “diamond star”.
Almost every day, we encounter several organic compounds- the food we eat,
the clothes we wear, plastic wares, rubber products, protein-based materials,
alcohol, acetone, school and office supplies, some construction materials-paints,
PVC pipes, plywood to name a few.
What’s New
THE CARBON COMPOUNDS

OBJECTIVES:
• Determine the different uses of organic compounds and cite examples of each
organic compound.
• Find the properties of common organic compounds through experimentation
Directions: Use the word bank to match the concept stated below. Write the
letter of your answer in the space provided before each number.
A. catenation C. tetra E. valence electron
B. multiple bonds D. carbon F. hydrocarbon
_____ 1. Carbon can form four bonds which makes it a very sociable atom.
_____ 2. The central element of a compound necessary for life organic compounds.
_____ 3. Leads to the formation of single, double and triple bonds to form polymers.
_____ 4. Responsible for the exceptional ability of carbon to bind with a wide variety
of other elements.
_____ 5. It is the process of forming strong bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
sulfur and to other carbon atoms to become stable.
What is It
Carbon Compounds
Most organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and sometimes other
elements such as nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, or phosphorus. All living organisms
contain carbon while inorganic compounds are compounds that don't contain
carbon. Thus, the main difference is in the presence of a carbon element.
What’s More
Part A: Graphic Organizer
Table 1. Chemical Formula of Selected Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Organic C6H12O6 C8H7COOH C2H5OH C6H8O6
Inorganic H2O NaCl CaO CaCO3
GUIDE QUESTION:
1. Based on the data presented, how would you differentiate the chemical
formula of organic from inorganic compounds element?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
PART B: Study the table presented below and write “FACT” if the statement is true
and “BLUFF” if the statement is false.
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
COMPOSITION INORGANIC ORGANIC

Quantity of Compounds 500,000 3,000,000
Elements All C, H, O, N
Number of Atoms/Molecule Few Many
Structure Simple Complex
Bonding Ionic Covalent
Melting Point High Low
Boiling Point High Low
Flammability Not flammable Flammable
Soluble in solvents Polar Non-Polar
_________ 1. Organic compounds are flammable.

_________ 2. The boiling point of carbon compounds is high.
_________ 3. Inorganic compounds have high melting points.
_________ 4. Organic compounds usually have a simple structure.
_________ 5. The main element of inorganic compounds is carbon.
What I Can Do
Directions: Give some common examples of organic compounds found at home.

State also its Chemical name as well as its Chemical Formula.
Organic Compounds Chemical Name Chemical Formula
Organic Compounds Chemical Name Chemical Formula
Assessment

1. Why are carbon atoms able to form many organic compounds?
A. Carbon atoms attract electrons from other atoms.
B. Carbon atoms have a strong attraction to other elements.
C. Carbon atoms can form many types of bonds with other
carbon.
D. None of the above.
2. Eren’s car stopped in the middle of the road. She found out that her
car has run out of fuel. Which compound must she buy?
A. diesel C. kerosene
B. gasoline D. lubricating oil
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
4. What type of bond(s) is/are present in the given carbon compound?
H-C=C-H
A. triple C. double
B. single D. single and double bonds
5. Which is true about organic compounds?
A. contains carbon
B. contains calcium
C. can be produced artificially
D. can produce by living organisms
What I Need to Know
know the uses and properties of organic compounds. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
Recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds
(S9MTIIh-18).

1. Differentiate organic from inorganic compounds specifically on its
chemical formula, uses, and properties; and
2. Determine the different uses of organic compounds and cite examples of
each organic compound.
What I Know
Directions: Fill in the K-W-H-L Chart below to assess your prior knowledge and
understanding of the topic, Organic Compounds.
K W H L
How can I found
What do I want
What do I know? out what I want What did I learn?
to find out?
to learn?
Lesson Organic Compounds: Are They

5 Useful?
Carbon is found in organic compounds which are found mainly in living
things. Organic compounds make up the cells and other structures of organisms and
carry out life processes. Carbon is the main element in organic compounds, so
carbon is essential to life on Earth. Furthermore, the answer lies with carbon’s
unique properties. It has an exceptional ability to bind with a wide variety of other
elements forming stable bonds which may form single, double, or even triple bonds.
Due to these ways, it produces molecules of different shapes, including straight
chains, branched chains, and rings which resulted in multiple products that
mankind is enjoying nowadays.
What’s New
OBJECTIVE
• Determine the physical properties of organic compounds.
Directions:
Read the article below and answer the questions that follow.
Kerosene is typically pale yellow or colorless and has an unpleasant odor. It
is obtained from petroleum and is used for burning in kerosene lamps and
domestic heaters or furnaces, as a fuel or fuel component for jet engines, and as a
solvent for greases and insecticides.
Diesel oil has a sour or pungent odor, similar to rotten eggs. It occurs when
the hydrocarbon constituents of lube oil combine chemically with oxygen. As with
most chemical reactions, oil oxidation is accelerated by heat and pressure.
Today's diesel models aren't smelly, and they barely make any sound than a
traditional gasoline engine. If there's a noticeable thick burning oil smell coming
from your car, it may mean that your oil is leaking. Oil can drip out onto the hot
engine parts, creating this acrid smell. If your oil is leaking, it could also mean that
your vehicle is overheating.
Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic, agreeable odor. In
dilute aqueous solution, it has a somewhat sweet flavor, but in more concentrated
solutions and has a burning taste.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Which material has thick burning oil smell? _____________________________
2. Which materials a creating this acrid smell? _____________________________
3. Which liquid materials have somewhat sweet flavor? _____________________
What is It
Common Properties of Organic Compounds

Every kind of organic compound has specific properties or characteristics.
Although these compounds may show similarities in some properties, each of these
compounds also had distinct properties. Gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, lubricating
oil, vanillin, acetic acid, and ethyl alcohol are organic compounds with different
properties. Gasoline, for example, has a strong odor, is volatile, and is highly
flammable.
The common properties of organic compounds are the following; odor,
viscosity, volatility, and flammability of some other common organic compounds.
Odor is the smell of the compound. Every compound has its specific odor. Viscosity
is a measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow. Volatility is the measure of the tendency
of a compound to evaporate or turn into a gaseous state. Flammability is the
measure of how a material can burn easily.
What’s More
Uses of Organic Compounds
OBJECTIVE
• Recognize the uses of common compounds.
Directions: Complete the table by putting a check mark on the use of the
following substances. There may be more than one check mark per
item depending on their use/s.
*Table 1. Organic Compounds and Their Uses
Organic Compounds
Acetic
Substances Gasoline Ethanol Acetone LPG Kerosene
Acid
Fuel
Food
Antiseptic
Beverage
Cleaner
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Are the given examples of substances useful or not? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What common properties of the given substances make them useful?
___________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Directions: State the advantages as well as the disadvantages of knowing the

different uses of some organic compounds. _______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Assessment

1. What is the maximum number of bonds can a carbon atom form?
A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5
2. Pamela is applying something to the ball bearing of the wheels of her bicycle
so that friction will be minimized. Which of the following materials do you
think she is using?
A. vinegar C. lubricating oil
B. kerosene D. isopropyl alcohol
3. A gasoline boy was being scolded by his store manager for smoking in the
vicinity of the gasoline station. Why do you think the manager scolded his
employee?
A. because gasoline is volatile C. because gasoline is flammable
B. because gasoline is viscous D. all of the choices
4. Which of the following statements best describe organic compounds?
A. Organic compounds are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen
B. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms only
C. Organic compounds are compounds that are produced by living things
D. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon and oxygen
only
5. How do carbon atoms form many organic compounds?
A. By attracting other elements toward themselves to form the bonds
B. By transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements
C. By sharing their electrons with other metals and non-metal elements
D. By forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements
What I Need to Know
familiarize and master the concept of hydrocarbons. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

Recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds
(S9MTIIh-18).

1. Differentiate alkanes, alkenes and alkynes based on the presence of bonds
and their physical properties; and
2. Name different structures of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes,
alcohol, aldehydes, ester, carboxylic acid, ether, amines, amides, etc.); and
3. Identify different functional groups and their uses in organic compounds.
What I Know

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2. Ms. Ellen’s car suddenly stopped in the middle of the road at Mc- Arthur
highway. She found out that her car has run out of fuel. Which compound
must she buy?
A. water C. lubricating oil
B. gasoline D. liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
3. Mrs. Annie accidentally cut her skin when she was cutting her nails. She
must apply something to her wound so that it will not get infected. Which
of the following materials do you think will she use?
A. vinegar C. formalin
B. acetone D. isopropyl alcohol
4. My mother always says not to play with gasoline. Why do you think she
does not allow me to do it?
A. because gasoline is volatile
B. because gasoline is viscous
C. because gasoline is flammable
D. all of the above
5. Clark wants to protect his favorite bicycle’s parts from rusting fast. Which
of the following materials do you think he will use?
A. vinegar C. lubricating oil
B. kerosene D. isopropyl alcohol
Lesson
Hydrocarbons
6
Organic compounds are groups of compounds that contain the element
carbon. Organic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen combined with other
elements namely oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and halogens (fluorine,
chlorine, bromine, and iodine) Ethyl alcohol, acetone, gasoline, naphthalene, acetic
acid, vanillin, acetylene, and esters are just a few examples of many useful organic
compounds. These kinds of compounds are produced by plants and animals.
However, these carbon-containing compounds can also be produced artificially.
There are also organic compounds that are produced from petroleum: liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, lubricating oil, and kerosene. These compounds have
different uses in the community.
What’s New
Directions: Use the data in Tables 1 to 3 to answer the questions in this activity.
Table 1. Alkanes
Boiling Point
Name Phase Condensed Structural Formula
(°C)
Methane Gas CH4 -162
Ethane Gas CH3CH3 -89
Propane Gas CH3CH2CH3 -42
Butane Gas CH3CH2CH2CH3 -0.5
Pentane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 36
Table 2. Alkenes
Boiling Point
(°C)
Ethene Gas CH2 = CH2 -104
Propene Gas CH2 = CHCH3 -47
1-Butene Gas CH2 = CHCH2CH3 -6
Boiling Point
(°C)
1-Pentene Liquid CH2 = CHCH2CH2CH3 30
1-Hexene Liquid CH = CHCH2CH2CH3 63
Table 3. Alkynes
Boiling Point
(°C)
Ethyne Gas C2H2 -84
Propyne Gas CH C ---CH3 -47
2-Buthyne Gas CH3C C CH3 8.08
Pentyne Liquid H C C CH2CH2CH3 40.2
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What are the types of bonds present in the following: alkanes, alkenes, and
alkynes? __________________________________________________________________
2. Using Tables 1 to 3, what pattern did you observe in terms of phase, number
of carbon atoms, structure, and boiling point of alkanes, alkenes, and
alkynes? Explain your observations. ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What do you think will be the boiling point of the next alkanes, alkenes, and
alkynes? Will the boiling point of each hydrocarbon be higher or lower?
Explain your answer. ______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
What is It
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
atoms only. Hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, and butane are components of
natural gas. Hydrocarbons are grouped into families namely: alkanes, alkenes, and
alkynes. The compounds in each group have certain structures that make their
properties different from the others. Alkanes are hydrocarbons that have single
bonds between carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have double bonds
between carbon atoms and Alkynes have triple bonds between carbon atoms.
What’s More
A Functional Group is an atom, group of atoms, or bond that gives a molecule

a particular set of chemical or physical properties. Members of this group include
the following in the table.
Functional Groups, Examples, and Uses
Name Example Uses

Alcohol Methyl alcohol • commonly used as a reagent, solvent,
Ethyl alcohol and fuel. It is colorless and transparent.
Isopropyl alcohol
Ester Ethyl methanoate (rum) • used as artificial flavorings and
Octyl ethanoate (orange) fragrances.
Ketone Acetone or propanone • used in perfumes and paints to stabilize
the other ingredients so that they do not
degrade as quickly over time.
Ether Diethyl ether • diethyl ether is used as an anesthetic for
Dimethyl ether surgical procedures.
• dimethyl ether is used as a refrigerant
and aerosol spray propellant.
Aldehyde Formaldehyde or • methanal or formaldehyde is used as a
methanal disinfectant and preservative with a
pungent odor common in hospitals and
morgues.
Carboxylic Citric and acetic acids • used in the production of polymers,
Acid Formic acid pharmaceuticals, solvents, and food
additives.
Amine Ephedrine • medically important since they are used
Antihistamine as a decongestant (ephedrine), an anti-
Chlorpromazine allergy substance (antihistamine), and
tranquilizer (chlorpromazine)
Amide Penicillin • have extensive uses in the plastic,
Paracetamol rubber, and dye industry.
• most drugs are amides including
penicillin an antibiotic to treat bacterial
infections
Directions: Identify the functional groups of the given structural symbol.
Functional Group Structural Symbol

1. E N K O T E
_______________________
2. I M N A E
_______________________
3. L A E D D H E Y
_______________________
4. C O O L H A L
_______________________
5. A C I L C A R D I C L O X B Y
_______________________
What I Can Do
Directions: Answer the questions as best as you can.

1. How do carbon compounds benefit and harm the human’s health and
environment? __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Benzene is known to be carcinogenic. How do you think one can protect
himself from exposure of this compound? _______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Assessment

1. Methane is a component of natural gas. What is the common use of
methane?
A. fuel C. disinfectant
B. medicine D. cleaning agent
2. Why is it important to know the properties of common liquid materials?
A. to know the uses of the liquids
B. to know how these liquids, affect people
C. to know possible dangers of these kinds of materials
D. all of the above
3. Which hydrocarbon compound has a double bond in the molecule?
A. Ethane B. Methane C. Propene D. Propyne
4. How many types of bonds are there in the following hydrocarbon
compounds?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
5. Which of the following compounds is a carbonyl compound?
A. C.
B. D. all of the choices
What I Need to Know
master the mole concept. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

Use the mole concept to express the mass of substances
(S9MT-IIi-19)

1. Define mole and calculate for the number of moles of given compounds;
and
2. Convert number of moles, mass, and number of particles from one
unknown to another.
What I Know

1. Which of the following units is used in expressing the amount of substance
in terms of the number of particles?
A. mole B. gram C. liter D. Celsius
2. The following are representative particles of matter, which among them
represents a covalent compound?
A. ion B. atom C. molecule D. particle unit
3. How many particles are equal to 1 mole?
A. 6.02 x 1022 particles C. 6.02 x 1024 particles
B. 6.02 x 1023 particles D. 6.02 x 1025 particles
4. This refers to a combination of the symbol of elements and subscript
numbers representing a compound.
A. molar mass C. chemical formula
B. formula mass D. percentage composition
5. Why is mole concept important?
A. It can be applied to any type of particle representative
B. It gives us a convenient way to express large numbers
C. It is useful when converting between grams and atoms or molecules.
D. All of the above
Lesson
Mole Concept
7
The things we need in everyday life can either be bought or traded. We
usually buy things by piece. Some others, we buy in sets, dozen, or even in bulk.
We use these terms to show how much of something we would want to buy or
trade. We can call these terms counting units.
Most counting units can be used for physically visible objects such as plates,
shoes, and many other things. But how can we count the objects that cannot be
physically seen, such as the particles of a given solution or a substance?
What’s New
Activity 1: MOLEY’S ADVENTURE
Directions:
Write down the words, phrases, or sentences that you see in the news flash, that
could help you understand the mole.
COUNTDOWN TO NATIONAL MOLE DAY
It is the day we celebrate the mole. No, not the mole the animal, and not mole
the congenital growth; not mole the sauce, or even mole the spy. Mole day celebrates
the mole that the SI unit in measuring the quantity of a substance. And, scientists,
who are known for letting loose and partying, have a great time on Mole Day.
The term mole is likely derived from the German word Molekũl meaning
molecule. The first usage in English dates from 1897, in a work translated from
German. Some sources place the date of the first usage as 1902.
Celebrated annually on October 23 from 6.02 am to 6.02 pm. Mole Day
commemorates Avogadro’s Number (6.02 x 10 23), which is the basic measuring unit
in Chemistry. Schools in the United States and around the world celebrate Mole Day
with various activities related to chemistry and/or moles.
For a given molecule, one mole is a mass (in grams) whose number is equal to
the mass of the molecule. For example, the water molecule has a formula mass of
18, therefore, one mole of water weighs 18 grams. An atom of neon has an atomic
mass of 20, therefore, one mole of neon weighs 20 grams. In general, one mole of any
substance contains Avogadro’s number of molecules or atoms of that substance. This
relationship was first discovered by Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1858), and he received
credit for this after his death.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What are the words from the news flash that you have written? _________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What number corresponds to your words? _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2: I CAN SEE YOUR MASS
Directions: Refer to the Periodic Table of Elements to calculate the molar

masses of the given compounds. Number 1 is done for you.
Table 1. Data on the Mass of one mole of substances
Sample Element Compound Molar Mass (g)/mole

Substance
H2O
Water 2 H: 2x1= 2 18
H and O 1 O: 1 x 16=16
18
H2O2
Agua
Oxinada
NaHCO3
Baking Soda
NaCl
Rock Salt
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Do one mole of water and one mole of rock salt in Table 1 have the same mass?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Would 1.50 moles of H2O2 have the same number of particles as 1.50 moles of
any of the substances in the table? Explain your answer.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
What is It
The mass of one mole of a given compound is the numeric equivalent of the
formula mass/molecular mass but in grams.
H= 1.01 amu
(atomic mass of H
found in the
periodic table}
1 mol H=1.01 g
MOLAR MASSES OF
oxygen and hydrogen
atoms
H2O: 2 x 1.01=2.02
1 x 16 =16.00
18.0 amu
1mol H2O = 18.02 g
What is the mass in grams of 2.0 moles of H2O?
1 mol H2O =18 g

2.0 mols = ___g?
2.0 mols H2O x (18 g H2O)
1.0 mol H2O

2 x 18 = 36 g H2O
1
To calculate the number of particles of a given number of moles of a

substance;
How many particles are in 2.0 moles of H 2O?
1 mol H2O= 6.02 x 1023 particles/molecules of H2O
2.0 mols H2O = ___molecules of H2O?
2.0 mols H2O x (6.02 x 1023 particles/molecules of H2O)

1.0 mol H2O
2 x 6.02 x 1023 particles/molecules H2O
1.204 x 1024 molecules H2O
What’s More
Directions:
PART A: Mole Seesaw
Refer to the Periodic Table of Elements to calculate the molar masses of the given
substances. Write the corresponding number of moles or particles of the given mass
or number of moles of substance on one side of the seesaw to balance it.
PART B: The Mass is Right
Draw a smiling face after the given mass if it is correct, and a sad face if it is
incorrect.
What I Can Do
Directions: Calculate the number of moles/ grams of each of the following.
Given Solution
174 g of NaCl (Sodium Chloride)
1.60 g of KNO3 (Salitre-

preservative)
How much mass does 3.00 mol

of NH3 (Ammonia) have?
Assessment
_____ 1. What is the SI unit for the measurement of the number of particles in a
substance?
A. mole B. ampere C. candela D. kilogram
_____ 2. Avogadro's number is _____.
A. mole C. 6.02 x 1023 particles
B. dozen D. weight of the carbon
_____ 3. What is the molar mass of NaOH?
A. 23 g/mol C. 44 g/mol
B. 38 g/mol D. 39.997 g/mol
_____ 4. How many moles are there in 3g of H2O?
A. 0.15 mol C. 0.25 mol
B. 0.17 mol D. 0.30 mol
_____ 5. Molar Mass unit is given as
A. mole C. grams per mole
B. molecules D. meter per second
What I Need to Know
master the percentage composition. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

Determine the percentage composition of a compound given its chemical
formula and vice versa (S9MT-IIj-20)

1. Determine the percentage composition of each element in a given
compound;
2. Differentiate empirical and molecular formula; and
3. Calculate for the empirical and molecular formula of a compound given its
percentage compositions.
What I Know

1. The percentage by mass of each element in the compound is called
A. molar mass C. Avogadro’s number
B. formula mass D. percentage composition
2. Suppose you were asked to prepare 250-g chocolate mousse which is 35%
chocolate, 30% cream, and 20% milk, 10% sugar, and 5% butter, how much
cream are you going to use?
A. 75 g cream B. 60 g cream C. 73 g cream D. 62 g cream
3. The presence of SO2 in the atmosphere causes acid rain. How many percent
of sulfur is present in SO2 (Molar Mass = 64.07g/mole)?
A. 40.00% B. 49.95% C. 60.00% D. 50.05%
4. How many percent of hydrogen (H) is present in water (H 2O)?
A. 11% B. 10% C. 12% D. 13%
5. Where can you apply knowledge on percentage composition?
A. In maintaining the quality of food products.
B. In checking the amount of sugar present in the soft drink.
C. In identifying the correct amount of substance present in a sample.
D. All of the above
Lesson
Percentage Composition
8
Are you interested to know how much of an element is present in a compound?
You can answer this question by determining percentage composition. The mass of
each element in a compound compared to the entire mass of the compound
multiplied by 100 percent is called the percentage composition of the compound. So,
the percentage composition of a compound tells you the percentage of the mass made
up by each element in a compound.
What’s New
ACTIVITY 1: FILL ME!
Directions: Complete the table by solving the percentage compositions of all

the elements in the following compounds.
Table 1: Percentage Composition

% Composition % Composition
Compound Total
1st Element 2nd Element
CaO
H2O2
NaCl
Fe2O3
CuBr2
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What is the percentage composition of oxygen in Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)?
chlorine in Sodium chloride (NaCl)? ________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Based on Table 1, is there a change in the total percentage of the five
substances? What does it mean? ___________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2: IT’S GROCERY TIME!
Directions:
1. Get 3 samples of containers or packages of grocery items such as canned
goods, snacks, and beverages.
2. List the substances written as contents/ingredients on the label. Choose two
(2) substances from each type of grocery item.
3. Research from a chemistry book or the internet the chemical formula of the
substances on your list.
4. Compute for the percentage composition of the substances you have listed.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Based on this activity, what food do you regularly consume which gives your
body a lot of carbon (C) atoms and sodium (Na) ions?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Are these good for your body? Why? Research on how much of these types of
foods are recommended for your age group. _________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. In what other ways can you make use of the concept on percentage
composition? ______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
What is It
Given an example on how to compute the percentage composition:
Calculating percentage composition

Calculate the percentage composition of magnesium carbonate MgCO 3.
Formula mass of magnesium carbonate:
𝟐𝟒. 𝟑𝟏 𝒈 + 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟏 𝒈 + 𝟑(𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟎 𝒈) = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟑𝟐 𝒈
24.31
𝑀𝑔 = ( ) ∙ 100 = 28.83%
84.32
12.01
𝐶= ( ) ∙ 100 = 14.24 %
84.32
48
𝑂= ( ) ∙ 100 = 56.93%
84.32
100.00 %
From the example above, we can compute the percentage composition of a

given substance by dividing the mass by the formula mass times 100. In
mathematical symbols,
% Composition = mass of a substance X 100

Formula mass
Empirical measurements are based on a measurable (empirical) quantity like

mass. Knowing the mass of each element in a compound we can determine its
formula. There are two types of formulas, empirical and molecular.
a. Empirical Formula: Lowest whole number ratio of the elements in a
compound
b. Molecular Formula: Actual whole number ratio of the elements in a
compound.
Steps in calculating Empirical Formula:
1. Obtain Mass of Each Element (in grams)

o if given total mass you need the mass of all but one element (sum
of masses equals total mass).
o if given % composition assumes 100 g and converts to mass.
o if given % composition you need data for all but one element (sum
of percent equals 100%).
2. Calculate # of moles of each element present (from masses and
atomic weights).
o You now have a formula representing the mole ratio of the
elements in the compound and you need to make these integers.
3. Divide # of Moles of each element by the one with the smallest
value (forcing it to one and making all other values greater than one).
4. Multiply the results of step 3 by the smallest integer which will
convert them all to whole numbers.
Let’s have an example. Consider a sample of a compound that contains 1.71g

C and 0.287g H.
We can summarize the steps using the table.
Mass Atomic Empirical

Element Mole Mole Ratio
(g) Mass(g/mol) Formula
C 1.71 12 0.142 1
CH2
H 0.287 1 0.287 2
The empirical formula for this compound is thus CH 2. This may or not be the
compound’s molecular formula as well; however, we would need additional
information to make that determination.
Recall that empirical formulas are symbols representing
the relative numbers of a compound’s elements. Determining the absolute numbers
of atoms that compose a single molecule of a covalent compound requires knowledge
of both its empirical formula and its molecular mass or molar mass.
MOLECULAR FORMULA - Actual whole number ratio of the elements in a

compound. This can be obtained by dividing molecular or molar mass by empirical
formula mass. In symbols,
𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔
𝒏=
𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔
Let’s combine both empirical and molecular formula in one problem.

1. Calculate the empirical and molecular formula of a compound consisting of
5.88%H and 94.12% O. Its molecular mass is found to be 34. Identify the
compound.
Mass Molar Empirical

H 5.88 1 5.88 1
HO
O 94.12 16 5.88 1
The empirical formula is HO. The mass of this empirical formula is 17.
H = 1(1) = 1 Total mass is 17.

O = 1(16) = 16
Adding the two (1 and 16) will give 17. Dividing this into the molecular mass
(34/17=2), we find that there are two of these formula units, (HO)2, in a molecule of
the compound. Thus, the molecular formula is H2O2. This is the molecular formula
of hydrogen peroxide.
What’s More
SOLVE ME!
PART A:
1. Determine the empirical and molecular formula of a compound that
contains 40 g C, 6.61g H, and 53.39 g O. The molecular mass is found to be
180.
Element Mass Molar Mole Mole Ratio Empirical
For Molecular Formula, write your

answer in the box on the right side.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Is the empirical formula the same as molecular formula? ___________________
2. What does the empirical formula tell us? Molecular formula? _______________
___________________________________________________________________________
PART B:
Solve the problem below. Show your complete solution inside the box.
Styrofoam is a polymer made from monomer styrene. Elemental analysis of
styrene shows its percentage composition to be 92.26 % C and 7.75% H. Its
molecular mass is found to be 104.15 g/mol. What are the empirical and molecular
formulas of styrene?
Solution:
What I Can Do
Directions: Compute the empirical formula of the given compound.

Black iron oxide is an ore containing iron and oxygen that occurs in magnetite.
A 2.4480 g sample of the ore is found to contain 1.7714 g of iron. Calculate the
empirical formula of black iron oxide. Write your answer in the table below.
Mass Molar Empirical

Assessment
_______1. Which of the following is the empirical formula?

A. N2O B. H2O2 C. C2H4 D. P4O10
_______2. Which is the correct empirical formula of C 4H10?
A. C4H10 B. C8H20 C. C2H5 D. CH2.5
_______3. All of the following are empirical formulas EXCEPT
A. C3H8 C. Na2SO4
B. N2O4 D. Al2(SO4)3
_______4. Determine the empirical formula for a compound with 87.1% Ag and 12.9
%S
A. AgS2 B. Ag2S C. Ag3S5 D. Ag4S2
_______5. The empirical formula of a substance is CH2O. Its molar mass is 180. What
is the molecular formula?
A. C4H8O4 C. C2H4O2
B. C8H16O8 D. C6H12O6
References
DepEd. “PDF.” Pasig: DepEd, April 29, 2014.
GARRETT, EMMA. “How Atoms Work.” Science at Your Doorstep, February 16, 2018.
https://scienceatyourdoorstep.com/2017/10/18/how-atoms-work/.
“Atomic Orbital.” ATOMIC ORBITAL. Chemical Facts, June 15, 2011.
http://chemicalfacts4u.blogspot.com/2011/06/atomic-orbital.html.
Cappell, Adina. “Chemistry: How Do Atomic Quantum Numbers Work?” Quora, April
3, 2016. https://www.quora.com/Chemistry-How-do-atomic-quantum-
numbers-work.
Admin. “Electron Configuration - Detailed Explanation with Examples.” BYJUS.
BYJU'S, May 28, 2021. https://byjus.com/chemistry/electron-configuration/.
Cruz, Shakira. “The Flame Test Experiment.” November 7, 2013.
http://cshakira1.blogspot.com/2013/11/the-flame-test-experiment.html.
PH MegaLab - Flame Test - Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cu. YouTube. YouTube, 2012.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEUbBAGw14k.
Aquino, Marites D., Estrelita A. Madriaga, Meliza P. Valdaz, Jonna A. Biong, and Gil
Nonato C. Santos. Science Links Worktext for Scientific and Technological
Literacy. 2017th ed. Manila: Rex Bookstore, 2017.
Religioso, Teresita F., Genevieve Darvin Faraon, Lilia G. Vengco, and Delia Cordero
Navaza. You and The Natural World Science: The New Grade 9. Quezon City:
Phoenix Publishing House, Incorporated, 2014.
Organic Chemistry, or Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds Organic Chemistry 1st
Edition with Study Guide/Student Solutions Manual Molecular Model Kit 7th
Edition Chemistry Course 2 Semester Set Hardcover – Dec 15, 2011
Glencoe Physical Science Texas Edition. (1997). Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Companies
Inc., page 369)
Tan Yin Toon, Chen Ling Kwong, John Sadler, Emilt Clare “GCE ‘O’ Level Chemistry
Matters
Padolina, Ma. Cristina, Simon-Antero, Echel, Alumaga, Marie Jessica, Estanilla,
Loida “Conceptual and Functional Chemistry, A Modular Approach
Francisco, Marivic B. “Interactive Activities in Science Grade 9 2nd Quarter (2013)
Francisco, Marivic B. “My Mole Magazine (” Created on June 2009) Padolina, Ma.
st
Cristina D., Salubarse, Veronica C., Marquez, Leah A. “Chemistry for the 21
century”
Photo credits
Saint Chemistry 10. Weebly. Accessed August 26, 2021.
https://saintschemistry10.weebly.com/uploads/5/1/9/3/51932861/may1-
17_orig.jpg.
“Chemistry: How Do Atomic Quantum Numbers Work?” Quora. Accessed August
26, 2021. https://www.quora.com/Chemistry-How-do-atomic-quantum-
numbers-work.
Admin. “Electron Configuration - Detailed Explanation with Examples.” BYJUS.
BYJU'S, May 28, 2021. https://byjus.com/chemistry/electron-
configuration/.
Offnfopt. Simple Periodic Table Chart. September 9, 2017. Wikipedia.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-
en.svg#/media/File:Simple_Periodic_Table_Chart-en.svg .
By Lukáš Mižoch - Own work, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1005405
By De.Nobelium - Own work, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1623926
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Office Address: Pio Valenzuela Street, Marulas, Valenzuela City
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Development Team of the Module

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – National Capital Region – SDO VALENZUELA

Office Address: Pio Valenzuela St., Marulas, Valenzuela City

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

Specifically, you will:

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

Lesson Quantum Mechanical Model of the

ms ½ the arrow or spin indicate the number of electron in

1. N7 -1s2 2s2 2p3

1. What is the importance of understanding the structure and behavior of the

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______1. atoms share electrons to become stable

Ionic and Covalent Bonds

Here are some characteristics to be considered in determining their

Properties of IONIC and COVALENT Bonds

Directions: Enumerate the properties of ionic and covalent compounds.

Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds

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Lewis Electron Dot Structure (LEDS)

Rules on How to Write LEDS

Directions: Explain how ions gain or lose electrons.

In your own words, why are ions important?

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THE CARBON COMPOUNDS

Part A: Graphic Organizer

Table 1. Chemical Formula of Selected Organic and Inorganic Compounds

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

COMPOSITION INORGANIC ORGANIC

_________ 1. Organic compounds are flammable.

Directions: Give some common examples of organic compounds found at home.

Organic Compounds Chemical Name Chemical Formula

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What I Need to Know

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Lesson Organic Compounds: Are They

Common Properties of Organic Compounds

Uses of Organic Compounds

*Table 1. Organic Compounds and Their Uses

Directions: State the advantages as well as the disadvantages of knowing the

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What I Need to Know

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A Functional Group is an atom, group of atoms, or bond that gives a molecule

Name Example Uses

Directions: Identify the functional groups of the given structural symbol.

Functional Group Structural Symbol

Directions: Answer the questions as best as you can.

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B. D. all of the choices

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Specifically, you will: