Bett is a flexible band used to connect pulleys or to com materials by transmitting motion and power. Uses of Belts 4. Power transmission 2, Conveyor service 3. Elevator service ‘Types of Belt Connections 4,Open Belt ‘Types Transmission Belts i A. Flat Belt B. V-Belt C, Toothed Belt MACHINE DESIGN FORMULAS 287 A” Flat aeiT Usual Flat Bolts Materials 4. Leather 2. Rubber 3, Stiched Canvass 4. Balata Advantages of Flat Beit 1. Itcan be used with high speed drives, 2. Itcan be used in dusty and abbrassive environments. 3. It allows long distances between shafts. 4.it offers long life high efficiency, low cast and low maintainance Disadvantages of Flat Belt 41. The tension must be kept high so as to keep the slow two (2) percent. This tension results in high bearing, loads and belt stress, 2. Noise ELT DESIGN Belt Design, the following parameters are to be considered: 4. The strenght of the bet materials The are of contact. ‘The center distance. ‘The effect of the centrifugal force. ‘The coefficient of friction The belt thickness. The belt width ‘The working stress Z 3 4 6 6 Fr a iT (Flat Belt) DESIGN FORMULAS 1. Belt Tension Ratio FR. ge me where © = angle of contact, rad cee eo | Sp ean eaaeaa =Chapter 28-—Beltom force on the tight side, NV orb force on the slack side, Nor Ib centrifugal force, Vor fb f= coefficient of friction The ceofficient of friction depends on the belt materials ete pulley surface material, the belt slip and the speed. bell speed, ms or Ms Gravitational ccceleration, m/s? or 1s? belt weight, N or ib radius of pulley, mr or in. 3. Effective Belt Pull @ = angle of contact rad FF, = force onthe ight side, Nor b force on the slack side, Worf ccentrtugal force, Nor b Coefficient of fition ] 4, Angle of Contact MACHINE DESIGN FORMULAS. B. Crossed Belt Connection, 9s tee ran (Pee) © = angle of contact, deg = larger diameter, mm or in smaller diamter, mm orn. © = center distance, mm or in. 5. Arc of Contact, ‘A. Open Belt Connection Se = iG) tors ouley Sz = R:02 forte putey B. Crossed Belt Connection 8 er Si = ReG2 ferlorge puey where: 8; = angle of contact for small pully, rad 2 = angle of contact for large pulley, rad R; = radius of the small pulley, mm or in. Ri = radius of the large pulley, mm ot in, S; = arc of contact of the small pulley, rad ac of contact ofthe large pulley, rad 6, Power Transmitted P= (Fi-F)V were: F, = force onthe tight sidebh 290 Chapter 28 — Belvst Fz = force on the slack side. V = beltspeed P = power 7. Cross-sectional Area of the Belt ‘A = cross-sectional area, mm? or in? = Srrking stress, Mpa os! ote tamed KY or Ho reited, Gravatoal secelerston m'? ors? belt density, kg/m* or lb/ft? ceefioent ftcion fngle of contac, rad 8. Belt Length ‘AOpen Belt Connection diameter of the small pulley, mm or in. diameter of the large pulley, mm or in. L = length of the belt, mm or in. © = center distance, mm or in. MACHINE DESIGN FORMULAS. 291 A.crossed belt wider than 8 inches should be avoided. Accrossed belt with reversing type of drive with idler Pulleys should be used ‘The capacity of a crossed belt shoud be reduced to 75%. that of an open belt If the pulley ratio is 3:1 or more, the reduction should be 50% more, Belt Speed “Wenn = Veapn” ‘ate For econical speed use the recommendetion oF pp. 448, Fares “4 Ed, where; Vn = 4000 to 4500 fp Belt Speed if PERCENT SLIP is given Di = diameter of the small pulley, 72 or in, Dz = diameter of the large pulley, mm or in, Ni = rotational speed of the driver, as or ram Nz = rotational speed of the driven, 72s or ram V = belt speed, m/s or M/s292 >. V-Flat drive — the driving pulley is a sheave while the _ Standardization results in better intial installation and chapter 28 — Belts MACHINE DESIGN FORMULAS: 293 Procedures for V-Belt Calculations 1. Determine the size of the belts. 2 Determine the standard sizes ofthe sheaves termine the standard length of the belt with Serie its standard 4. Determine how many belts will be used in the installation, V-BELT FORMULAS + Belt tension ratio es ete Classifications of V-Belt Drives V-V drive ~ both the driving and the driven pulleys are sheaves. angle of contact, rad force on the tight side, \V or fh force on the siack side, Nor ib centrifugal force, Nor ib coefficient of friction 112 of sheave engle, deg driven pulley has a plane surface. Sizes of V - Belts eee aie Effective belt pull 241182 "x 13/82" ) 718." x 17132") te 1%" x 3/4") Ss esne 1 1x 29182") ee ae eane ‘Standa: ‘A~section ( bxt B-section ( bxt C= section ( bxt D= section ( bxt E-section ( bx Advantages of V- Belts The belt cannot come out of the grooves. ‘The wedging action permits a smaller are of contact. Shorter center distances can be used. Gripping action results in lower belt tension. ‘The drives are quiet of high speeds. ‘The drive is capable of absorbing high shock. angle of contact, rad force on the tight side, \N or Ib force on the slack side, Nor ib ‘centrifugal force, V or lb coefficient of friction 1/2 of sheave angle, deg replacementChapter 28 ~ Beis 294 +3, Rated horsepower for standard size A, 8, C, D, BE. z ae : TPs 10% \s een aes ae 4, Rated horsepower for standard size of B only. ‘The rated Hp for standard size of B has the same formulae as 402) cj Nae [Vm Raster, (ir) TDi 10° \10° ve 2G feesmereom 5, Adjusted Rated Horsepower “Adjusted Rated Hp = ek (Rated Hp) ‘where: a ka = are contact factor y k = length correction factor i 6. Design Horsepower ii “Design Hp = Power transmitied ( Ns) ) where: i Na = service factor MACHINE DESIGN FORMULAS ee Number of Belts Design Hp “= ‘Adjusted Rated ip where Ns = number of belts Belt Length (Open Belt ) D2 -D, )? te 20) spas oe ee e ac Belt Length (Crossed Bet ) ‘5 2 bef (pap. ts 26 fBarh 2 40 where Di = diameter ofthe small pulley, mm orn De= diameter of the large puley, mm or in L= length of the bet, mmr or © = center distance, mm or in. TOOTHED BELT (Timing Bett) vantages of Timing Belts 1. positive grive eliminates slippage and speed variation 2. low initial tension 3. uniform speed due to the absence of chordal effect. 4, high horsepower to weight ratio. 5. low maintenance costs 6. wide speed range 7, elimination of friction, ow initial tension and thin belt Construction prevents heat build-up 8. low noise level 8. small sprockets short center distances, narrow belts and high capacity reduce space requirements 10. smooth running due to minimum backlash 41. economical drive 12, back of belt may be run over a flat faced pulley