Chittagong University of Engineering And Technology

STUDEN T ' S IDENTITY

Name of the student : Ataharuse Samad

Student ID : 1807020
Course code : EEE - 273
Course Title : Fundamental of Electrical Engineering
Level : Level - 2
Term : Term - 1
Batch no. : 18
Group :2
Name of Department : Department of Petroleum & Mining
Engineering
Experiment no. : 04
Experiment Name : Creep Test of Concrete/Rock in
Compression
Date of Submission : 25/09/2021
Objective :
To determined the creep rate of a specimen by Creep Test of Concrete/Rock in Compression.

Theory :
Creep testing is conducted using a tensile specimen to which a constant stress is applied at a
constant temperature, often by the simple method of suspending weights from it. The test is
recorded on a graph of strain versus time. The use of metals at high temperatures introduces
the possibility of failure in service by a mechanism known as creep. This test method can be
used to compare creep potentials of different concretes.
The figure shows a typical creep curve shape. It is helpful
to divide the in the curve in three periods of time. Primary
creep occurs first, typified by a continuously decreasing
creep rate; that is the slope diminishes with time. This
suggests that the material is experiencing an increase in
creep resistance or strain hardening. In the secondary creep
section, the creep rate is constant, so the plot becomes
linear. This is often the stage of creep that is of longer
duration. Finally, for the tertiary creep, there is an
acceleration of the rate and ultimate failure. This type of
failure is called rupture; it occurs due to grain boundary separation, and the formation of
internal cracks, cavities, and voids. For tensile loads, it is often to see a neck formation in the
specimen during this creep stage.

Age at Loading: When the aim of the test is to compare the creep potential of different
concretes, initially load the specimens at an age of 28 days. When the complete creep
behavior of a given concrete is desired, prepare the specimens for initial loading in the
following ages: 2, 7, 28, and 90 days, and 1 year.
Loading Details: Immediately before loading the creep specimens, determine the
compressive strength of the strength specimens in accordance with Test Method C 39/C 39M.
At the time unsealed creep specimens are placed in the loading frame, cover the ends of the
control cylinders to prevent loss of moisture. Load the specimens at an intensity of not more
than 40% of the compressive strength at the age of loading. Take strain readings immediately
before and after loading, 2 to 6 h later, then daily for 1 week, weekly until the end of 1
month, and monthly until the end of 1 year. Before taking each strain reading, measure the
load. If the load varies more than 2% from the correct value, it must be adjusted. Take strain
readings on the control specimens on the same schedule as the loaded specimens.

1
Equipment :
 Creep Machine
 Versatile data acquisition system (VDAS)
 Lead creep test specimen
 Loading Frame :
1. Four threaded rods 8. Hoek cell / sample
2. Upper plate 9. Spacer
3. 300KN load cell 10. Lower plate
4. Hydraulic cylinder 11. Four load-retaining springs
5,7. Intermediate plate 12. Four fixing feet
6. Spherical joint 13. Manual pump with pressure gauge F.S. 300 KN

Sample preparation :
 Sample is straight, circular cylinder having a length to diameter ratio of 2.5-3.0 and
diameter preferably not less than NX Core size (i.e. approx. 54 mm). In our lab we
have NX size hock cell which can hold cylindrical sample of 54.7 mm diameter and
10 cm height. The diameter of sample is related to the size of the largest grain in rock
by the ratio of at least 10:1.
 The ends of the sample are cut parallel to each other and at right angle to the
longitudinal axis.
 The sides of the sample are smooth and free of abrupt irregularities and straight to
within 0.3 mm over the full length of the sample.

 Samples are stored for no longer than 30 days in such a way as to preserve the natural
water content as far as possible until the time of specimen preparation. The specimen
2 is stored prior to testing for 5 to 6 days in an environment of 20℃ + 2℃ and 50% 
5% humidity.
Test Procedure :
Testing device, mechanical loading : Creep tests are being performed on cylindrical salt
samples, D = 70 mm, H = 140 mm. The sample is set between two duralumin plates (Fig.).
Dead weights are set on the lower part of a rigid frame. The frame weight is transmitted to
the upper duralumin plate through a small metallic ball. The applied stress is calculated by
dividing the overall weight of the steel frame by the initial cross section of the salt cylinder.
The range of stresses that can be applied to a sample is 0.05 to 1 MPa.
Sensors : During a test, four high-resolution displacement sensors are
positioned in two vertical planes at 90° angles. Their accuracy is 0.5 µm
and their resolution is 0.0125 µm (1/80 µm). They allow both the relative
rotation and the vertical displacement of the upper plate to be measured
and provide some redundancy. In addition to the four vertical displace-
ment sensors, two additional sensors measure the horizontal displace-
ments generated by a possible sample torsion.
Rotation of the upper plate : An example of plate rotation measured by the
apparatus. The displacements of the four vertical sensors were measured
during an 8-week-long period at the beginning of a test performed on an
Avery Island salt sample. It can be observed that, the four measured
displacements are consistent and strongly suggesting that the upper plate
is rotating along the 2–4 horizontal axis.

Figure 1

Calculation:
Calculate the total load-induced strain per pound per square inch (or kilopascal) at any time
as the difference between the average strain values of the loaded and control specimens
divided by the average stress. To determine creep strain per pound-force per square inch (or
kilopascal) for any age, subtract from the total load-induced strain per pound-force per square
inch (or kilopascal) at that age the strain per pound-force per square inch (or kilopascal)
immediately after loading. If desired, plot total strain per pound-force per square inch (or
kilopascal) on semilog coordinate paper, on which the logarithmic axis represents time, to
determine the constants 1/E and F (K) for the following equation:

ε =(1/E) + F(K)ln (t+1)

where;
ε = total strain psi (or kPa),
E = instantaneous elastic modulus, psi (or kPa),
F(K) = creep rate, calculated as the slope of a straight line representing the creep curve
on the semilog plot,
t = time after loading, days.
The quantity 1/E is the initial elastic strain per pound per square inch (or kilopascal) and is
determined from the strain readings taken immediately before and after loading the specimen.
If loading was not accomplished expeditiously, some creep may have occurred before the
after loading strain was observed, in which event extrapolation to zero time by the method of
least squares may be used to determine this quantity

CONCLUSION
We performed a successful creep test to the lead specimen. The creep diagram reflected the
typical creep behavior, so we can conclude that the results were pretty accurate. In the tertiary
creep, the slope increases because the specimen is about to fail and internal cracking is
occurring within the material