NCM 1208 2021 Health Promotion Disease Prevention

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2021-2022
NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)
MODULE 5: HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Overview:
Health and Promotion - process for developing the guideline on health promotion
interventions for maternal and child health. This will help parents understand and involve
on the developmental stages of their children.
As a nurse we can also integrate knowledge we know to promote well being of a child and
parents understand.
Learning Outcomes:
LO1: Assess normal growth and development milestones from infancy to adolescence age
LO2: Identify expected outcomes to promote optimal growth and development needs
from
infancy to adolescence
LO3: Integrate knowledge of infancy to adolescence growth and development with
nursing
process to achieve quality maternal and child health nursing care
LO4: Promote better understanding of parents on the different milestones and health
wellness of their child
LO5: Help parents participate on the developmental milestones of their children
Topic Outline:
I. Health and Promotion Infancy
1. Developmental Task
2. Promoting Safety
2.1 Aspiration
2.2 Fall
2.3 Motor vehicle
2.4 Suffocation
2.4.1 Drowning
2.4.2 Bathing
2.4.3 Sleeping
2.5. Poisonous
3. Promoting Nutrition
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NUR 1208 – MODULE 5: HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers August 2021
3.1. Introduction of solid food

3.1.1. Techniques for feeding
3.1.2. Reflexes
3.2. Establish healthy eating pattern
3.2.1. Weaning
3.2.2. Self – feeding
4. Activities of daily living
4.1 Hygiene
4.1.1. Bathing
4.1.2. Care of teeth
4.1.3. Diaper care
4.2. Exercise
5. Parents Concern and Family Functions
5.1. Teething, Thumb sucking and Pacifiers
5.2. Sleep problem
5.3. Constipation, Loose stools
5.4. Colic
5.5. Diaper dermatitis and Milaria
II. Health and promotion for Toddler

1. Developmental Stage
1.1. Emotional
1.2. Cognitive
2. Promote Safety
2.1. Animal Bite
2.2. Lead poisoning
2.3. Falls and Burns
3. Nutrition
4. Daily Activities
5. Family functions and Parents Concern
5.1. Toilet training
5.2. Ritualistic behavior
5.3. Negativism
5.4. Tantrums
5.5. Discipline and Punishment
5.6. Separation anxiety
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III. Health and Promotion for Pre- schooler

1. Promote safety
2. Nutrition
3. Hygiene
3.1 Care of teeth
3.2 Night grinding
4. Family Function
4.1 Discipline and Behavior
4.2 Communication
4.3 Fears
4.4 Sex education
4.5 Preparation for school
IV. Health and Promotion for School Age
1. Promote safety
2. Nutrition /Obesity
3. Activities of daily living
3.1. Dress
3.2. Sleep
3.3. Exercise
3.4. Hygiene
4. Family function
4.1 Language development
4.2 Fears/ Phobia
4.3 Sex education
4.4 Violence and Stealing
4.5 Drugs and Alcohol
V. Heath and Promotion for Adolescent
1.Promote Safety
2. Nutrition
3. Daily Activities
4. Family Function
4.1. Body piercing and tattoos
4.2 Hypertension
4.3 Body Image
4.3.1. Menstruation
4.3.2. Acne
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4.4. Sexuality
4.5. Substance abuse and Depression
PRE TEST
1. A mother brings her 4-month-old infant to the clinic. The mother asks the nurse when
should wean the infant from breast-feeding and begin using a cup. The nurse should explain
that the infant will show readiness to weaned by
A. Taking solid foods well.
B. Sleeping through the night
C. Shortening the nursing time
D. Eating on a regular schedule
2. The mother says that the infants physician recommends certain foods, but the infant
refuses to eat them after breast-feeding. The nurse should suggest that the mother alter
the feeding plan by
A. Offering dessert followed by vegetables and meat
B. Offering breast milk as long as the infant refuses to eat solid foods
C. Mixing pureed food with cow’s milk and feeding it to infant through a large-hole
nipple
D. Giving infant a few minutes of breast milk and then offering solids foods
3. An infant is observed to be competent in the following developmental skills: stares at an

object placed in her hand and takes it to her mouth , coos and gurgles when talked to, and
sustain part of her own weight when held in standing position. The nurse correctly assess
the infant’s age as .
A. 2 months
B. 4 months
C. 6 months
D. 8 months
4. A mother states that she thinks her 9 month old is developing slowly. When evaluating the
infants development the nurse would expect a normal 9-month-old to be able to . which of
the following will need further explanation to the mother
A. Creep and crawl
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B. Begin to use imitative verbal expressions

C. Put an arm through a sleeve while being dressed
D. Hold a bottle with good hand-mouth coordination
5. When a nurse assess for pain in toddlers, which of the following techniques would be least
effective?
A. Ask them about the pain.
B. Observe them for restlessness
C. Watch their faces for grimaces
D. Listen for pain cues in their cries
LEARNING CONTENT
I. Health and Promotion for infant (from 1 month – 1year)

1. Developmental task
2. Promote safety
• accidents are a leading cause of death in children from 1 moth through 24
years of age.
• They re the second common morbidity aside from acute infections (NVSS
2009). For infants’ accidents happens when parents underestimate or
overestimate a child’s ability
Common accidents in infants:
a. Aspiration- a potential threat to infants on first year of age. Infants love
to grasps things and put into their mouth. Round cylindrical objects
(1inch) or flexible objects are dangerous to infants. This can obstruct an
infant’s airway passage.
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What are the symptoms of aspiration in babies and children?
Aspiration can cause signs and symptoms in a baby such as:
• Weak sucking
• Choking or coughing while feeding
• Other signs of feeding trouble, like a red face,
watery eyes, or facial grimaces
• Stopping breathing while feeding
• Faster breathing while feeding
• Voice or breathing that sounds wet after
feeding
• Slight fever after feedings
• Wheezing and other breathing problems
• Repeated lung or airway infections
And aspiration can cause signs and symptoms in an older child such as:
• Choking or coughing while eating

• Voice that sounds wet after eating
• Slight fever after meals
• Complaints of food feeling stuck or coming back up
• Wheezing and other breathing problems
• Repeated lung or airway infections
Posturing methods to treat aspiration include:
• Place infants in an upright/prone position during feedings

• Avoid placing babies under 6 months in a lying position for approximately 1 ½ hours
after feeding
• Avoid feedings before bedtime (within 90 minutes)
• Elevate the head of your child’s bed by 30˚
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FALL - Falls are a second major cause of infant accidents. Infants roll over by 2 months of age.
As a preventive measure, no infant, beginning with a newborn, should be left unattended on a
raised surface.
How to prevent infant from Fall?
• Never leave your baby unattended in high places, such as on a tabletop, in a crib with
the sides down, or even on a bed or sofa.
• Don't leave your baby unattended in any infant seat or "sitting" toy, such as a swing or
jumper. Use all the safety straps provided.
• Remember that a baby with a pacifier or other object in his or her mouth is at risk for
face and mouth injuries in addition to other injuries from a fall.
MOTOR VEHICLE -Teaching car safety for infants (as well as for the whole family) is a vital
preventive health measure.
How to prevent vehicular accidents:
• Parents should never transport unless an infant is buckled into an infant car seat in the
back seat of the car.
• Be aware of the proper technique for placing an infant in a car seat.
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• Do not be distracted by an infant while driving.
• Do not leave an infant unattended in a parked car (can become dehydrated from excess
heat, move gear shift, or be abducted
According to RA11229 Sec 1: “ Child Safety in Motor Vehicles Act – states that Child
restrain system refers to a device , capable of accommodating a child occupant in a sitting or
supine position is also designed to diminish the risk of injury to the wearer in an event of
collision or vehicular accident. Also, no child 12 years below of age shall be allowed to sit in
front seat of a motor vehicle.
POISONOUS and BURNS - Never present medication as a candy.
• Buy medications in containers with safety caps; put away immediately after use.
• Never take medication in front of infants.
• Place all medication and poisons in locked cabinets or overhead shelves.
• Never leave medication in a pocket or handbag.
• Use no lead-based paint in any area of the home.
• Hang plants or set on high surface.
• Do not smoke or drink hot liquids while holding or caring for infant.
• Monitor infants carefully near candles.
• Do not leave infants unsupervised near hot-water faucets.
• Do not allow infants to blow out matches (don’t teach children that fire is fun).
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• Keep electric wires and cords out of reach; cover electrical outlets with safety plugs.
• Promoting Nutrition:
Breastfeeding - The first choice for feeding an infant during the first 12 months of life is breast
milk. All the necessary nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and water are provided by human milk for
the first 6 months of life.
Solid Food: Ages 4 months to 6 months, most babies are ready to begin eating solid foods as
a complement to breast-feeding or formula-feeding.
Extrusion reflex - it is automatically extruded or thrust out of the mouth by the tongue.
When to start Solid Foods:
• Your child can sit with little or no support.
• Your child has good head control.
• Your child opens his or her mouth and leans

forward when food is offered.
Suggested Schedule for Introduction of Solid Food:
AGE Food to Introduce Rationale
5-6 months Iron fortified like cereals, orange juice Aids in preventing iron-
or formula milk deficiency anemia; the least
allergenic type of food; an easily
digested food
7 months Vegetables Good source of vitamin A; adds

new texture and flavors to die
8 months Fruit Best source of vitamin C, good

source of vitamin A; adds new
texture and flavors to diet
9 months Meat Good source of protein, iron,

and B vitamins
10 months Egg yolk Good source of iron
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Limit to 2 To assess if they can tolerate it

tablespoon/feeding and avoid obesity
*Wheat, tomatoes, oranges, fish, and egg whites should be omitted if there are allergies in the
family, because these foods are most likely to cause allergies.
*This is still supported by breastmilk
Weaning: The mother chooses one to feed a day and then begins offering fluid by the new
method at that feeding. After 3 days to 1 week, the mother changes a second
feeding.
TEETHING The gums are sore and tender before a new tooth
break the surface. As soon as the tooth is through, the
tenderness passes.
THUMB SUCKING Parents can be assured that thumb sucking is normal

and does not deform the jaw line if it stops by school
age.
PACIFIERS Used when infants are discontent after feeding and

searching something put into mouth
CONSTIPATION Breastfed infants rarely have constipation
Constipation may occur in formula-fed infants if their

diet is deficient in fluid. This can be corrected simply
with the addition of more fluid. Just take note there
should be no fresh blood and hard stool
LOOSE STOOLS Stools of breastfed infants are generally softer than

those of formula-fed infants
Dehydration – occurs fast in infants so attention must
practice
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COLIC Colic is paroxysmal abdominal pain that generally

occurs in infants under 3 months of age and is
marked by loud, intense crying (Bolte, 2007)
DIAPER Infants have such sensitive skin that diaper dermatitis
DERMATITIS (diaper rash) is a problem from the first few days of
life.
MILARIA Prickly heat rash occurs in warm weather

Clusters of pinpoint, reddened papules with
occasional vesicles and pustules surrounded by
erythema usually appear on the neck first and may
spread upward to around the ears and onto the face
or down onto the trunk.
II. Health and Promotion for TODDLERS: (1 year – 3 years of age)
1. Developmental Task:
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
2. Promoting Safety:
a. Accidents – is the major cause of death in toddlers
Potential Accidents Prevention Measure
Motor vehicles • Maintain child in car seat; do not be distracted from safe
driving by a child in a car.
• Do not allow child to play outside unsupervised.
• Do not allow child to operate electronic garage doors.
Supervise toddler who is too young to be left alone on a
tricycle.
• Teach safety with pedaling toys (look before crossing
driveways; do not cross streets) but do not expect that
toddler will always obey these rules (in other words, stay
close by).
FALLS • Keep house windows closed or keep secure screens in
place.
• Place gates at top and bottom of stairs. Supervise at
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playgrounds.
• Do not allow child to walk with sharp object in hand or
mouth
ASPIRATION • Examine toys for small parts that could be aspirated;
remove toys that appear dangerous.
• Do not feed toddler popcorn, peanuts, etc.; urge children
not to eat while running.
• Do not leave toddler alone with a balloon.
DROWNING • Do not leave toddler alone in a bathtub or near water
(including buckets of cleaning water and washing
machines)
ANIMAL BITES • Do not allow toddler to approach strange dogs. Supervise
child’s play with family pets
POISONING • Never present medication as candy.
• Place all medication and poisons in locked cabinets or
overhead shelves where child cannot reach them.
• Never leave medication in parents’ purse or pocket, where
child can reach it.
• Hang plants or set them on high surfaces beyond toddler’s
grasp.
• Be certain that small batteries or magnets are out of reach.
• Post telephone number of nearest poison control center by
the telephone
BURNS • Do not leave toddlers unsupervised near hot-water faucets.

• Check temperature setting for hot water
• Do not leave coffee/tea pots on a table where child can
reach them.
• Never drink hot beverages when a child is sitting on your
lap or playing within reach.
• Do not allow toddlers to blow out matches (teach that fire
is not fun); store matches out of reach.
• Keep electric wires and cords out of toddler’s reach; cover
electrical outlets with safety plugs
b. Nutrition:
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Self-feeding - is a major way to strengthen independence in a toddler. Offering

finger foods and allowing a choice between two types of food helps promote
independence while exposing children to varied foods (Williamson, 2007).
c. Daily Activities:
A toddler’s new independence and developing abilities in
self-care
Dressing - By the end of the toddler period, most children can put on
their own socks, underpants, and undershirt.
Sleep: The amount of sleep children need gradually decreases as

they grow older (Goldson & Reynolds, 2008).
A toddler loves a bedtime routine: bath, pajamas, a story,

brushing teeth, being tucked into bed, having a drink of water,
choosing a toy to sleep with, and turning out the lights
Bathing: Toddlers usually enjoy bath time, and parents should

make an effort to make it fun by providing a toy, such as a rubber
duck, boat, or plastic fish. Bath time is usually so enjoyable for
toddlers.
Care of teeth: Tooth care, toddlers need to have a toothbrush

they recognize as their own.
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3. Healthy Family Functioning:

Parental concerns of the toddler period usually arise because of a conflict over Autonomy.
a. Toilet Training: Most first-time parents ask when to starts when training should be
completed, and how to go about it.
Signs that your child may be ready to start heading for the potty, such as being able to
• follow simple instructions
• understand and use words about using the potty
• make the connection between the urge to pee or poop and using the potty
• keep a diaper dry for 2 hours or more
• get to the potty, sit on it for enough time, and then get off the potty
• pull down diapers, disposable training pants, or underpants
• show an interest in using the potty or wearing underpants
Parents tips when to start toilet training:
 Set aside some time to devote to the potty-training process.
 Don't make your child sit on the toilet against his or her will.
 Show your child how you sit on the toilet and explain what you're doing
(because your child learns by watching you).
 Establish a routine. For example, you may want to begin by having your
child sit on the potty after waking with a dry diaper, or 45 minutes to an
hour after drinking lots of liquids.
 Have your child sit on the potty within 15 to 30 minutes after meals to
take advantage of the body's natural tendency to have a bowel
movement after eating (this is called the gastro-colic reflex). Also, many
kids have a time of day they tend to have a bowel movement
b. Negativism: As part of establishing their identities as separate individuals,
toddlers typically go through a period of extreme negativism. They do not want
to do anything a parent wants them to do. Their reply to every request is a very
definite “no.”
c. Discipline: Toddler period when they should start to discipline their child or
when toddlers are old enough to be punished. “Discipline” and “punishment” are
not interchangeable terms. Discipline means setting rules or road sign so
children know what is expected of them. Punishment is a consequence that
results from a breakdown in discipline, from the child’s disregard of the rules
that were learned.
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d. Separation Anxiety: Many toddlers skip separation anxiety in infancy and start
demonstrating challenges at 15 or 18 months of age.
Parents should be consistent, create a quick good by rituals, give them attention,
keep your promise, be specific
e. Temper Tantrums: Tantrums are a normal part of child development.

This is how young children show that they're upset or frustrated.
How Can We Avoid Tantrums?

• Give plenty of positive attention. Get in the habit of catching
your child being good. Reward your little one with praise and
attention for positive behavior.
• Try to give toddlers some control over little things. Offer minor
choices such as "Do you want orange juice or apple juice?" or "Do
you want to brush your teeth before or after taking a bath?" This
way, you aren't asking "Do you want to brush your teeth now?" —
which inevitably will be answered "no."
• Keep off-limits objects out of sight and out of reach. This makes
struggles less likely.
• Distract your child. Take advantage of your little one's short
attention span by offering something else in place of what they
can't have.
• Help kids learn new skills and succeed. Help kids learn to do
things. Praise them to help them feel proud of what they can do.
• Consider the request carefully when your child wants something.
Choose what is good and not to give in on what they want
• Know your child's limits. If you know your toddler is tired, it's not
the best time to go grocery shopping or try to squeeze in one
more errand.
III. Health and Promotion for Preschool (3yrs -5 years old)
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Initiative vs Guilt
Promote Safety: Preschoolers imitate adult roles. Close supervision and good
communication must practice
a. Keeping Children Safe, Strong, and Free:
The preschool years are not too early a time to educate children about
the potential threat of harm from strangers or even how to address
bullying behavior from people
• Warning a child never to talk with or accept a ride from a stranger
• Teaching a child how to call for help in an emergency (yelling or
running to a designated neighbor’s house)
• Describing what police officers look like and explaining that police
officers can help in an emergency
• Explaining that if children or adults ask them to keep secrets about
anything that has made them uncomfortable, they should tell their
parents or another trusted adult, even if they have promised to keep
the secret
• Explaining that bullying behavior from other children is not to be
tolerated and should be reported so they can receive help managing
it
b. Nutrition:
Preschool years are not a time of fast growth, so preschool
children are not likely to have big appetites.
Daily Activity:
a. Dressing
b. Sleep
c. Exercise
d. Care of teeth
Healthy Family Functioning:
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A major parental role during this time is to encourage vocabulary

development
Discipline : A major parental responsibility when this happens is to guide
a child through these struggles without discouraging the child’s right to
have an opinion.
a. Common Fears:
Fear of the Dark.The tendency to fear the dark is an example of a fear
heightened by a child’s vivid imagination: If parents are prepared for this
fear and understand it is a phase of growth, they are better able to cope
with it.
.Fear of Mutilation. Fear of mutilation is also significant during the
preschool age, as revealed by the intense reaction of a preschooler to
even a simple injury such as falling and scraping a knee or having a needle
inserted for an immunization.
Fear of Separation or Abandonment. Fear of separation continues to be
a major concern for preschoolers.
c. Behaviors:
Telling Tall Tales. Stretching stories to make them seem more interesting
is a phenomenon frequently encountered in this age group. Help the
child separate fact from fiction by saying, “That’s a good story, but now
tell me what really happened.”
Imaginary Friends. Many preschoolers have an imaginary friend who
plays with them (Goldson & Reynolds, 2008).
Difficulty Sharing. Sharing is a concept that first comes to be understood
around the age of 3 years.
d. Sex education: Children during the preschool age become acutely
aware of the difference between boys and girls, because it is a normal
progression in development and because this may be the first time in
their lives they are exposed to the genitalia of the opposite sex
e. Preparing a Child for School:
Essential to this preparation is the parents’ attitude. If school is always
discussed as something to look forward to, as an adventure that will be
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satisfying and rewarding, a child comes to view it as a positive

experience.
IV. Health and Promotion for School-Age Child (6 years- 12 years old)
Industry vs. Inferiority-
2. Promote Safety:
School-age children are ready for time on their own without direct adult
supervision.
a. Protect your school-age child:
• Continue to follow car safety guidelines appropriate for your

child's age and size.
• Inform your child concerning school bus safety and bicycle safety.
• Know the safe way to participate in organized sports. Learn how
to play it safe.
• Continue to follow general home safety guidelines.
• Practice Internet safety.
• Practice gun safety.
• Teach your child to swim, and practice water safety.
• Teach your child fire safety, and make sure the whole family
knows what to do in case of a fire.
• Make sure your child is aware of "stranger danger" and knows the
difference between "good touch" and "bad touch.
b. Nutrition:
School-age children (ages 6 to 12) need healthy foods and nutritious

snacks. They have a consistent but slow rate of growth and usually eat
four to five times a day (including snacks). Many food habits, likes, and
dislikes are established during this time.
3. Daily Activities:
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a. Dressing:
School-age children can fully dress

themselves; they are not good at taking care
of their clothes until later in the school-age
years.
b. Exercise:
School-age children need daily exercise. Exercise need not involve

organized sports. It can come from neighborhood games, walking with
parents or a dog, or bicycle riding.
c. Hygiene:
Both boys and girls become interested in showering as they approach

their teens. This can be encouraged as perspiration increases with
puberty, along with sebaceous gland activity. Healthy Family Function:
a. Language Development
The common speech problem of the preschool years is broken fluency;

the most common problem of a school-age child is articulation. Unless it
persists, speech therapy for this normal developmental stage is not
necessary.
b. Anxiety Related to Beginning School.
Adjusting to grade school is a big task for 6-year-olds. Even if they

attended preschool, grade school is different: the rules are firmer, and
the elective feeling (“If I don’t like it, I can quit”) is gone
c. School Refusal or Phobia.
School refusal is fear of attending school. It is a type of “social phobia.

This may occur from fear of separation from parents.
d. Sex Education
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It is important that school-age children be educated about pubertal

changes and responsible sexual practices, so they are well prepared for
these.
e. Stealing and Violence:
During early school age, most children go through a period during which
they steal loose change from their mother’s purse or father’s dresser.
children first learn how to make change and discover the importance of
money.
f. Smoking and Drinking Alcohol:
This age makes child curious on what they see on their parents or adults.
Parents should be role model and know the reasons of young children.
V. Health and Promotion for Adolescence: (12 years- 18 years old)
1. Developmental task:
Identity versus
2. Promote Safety:
a. Accidents:
Accidents, most commonly those involving motor vehicles, are the

leading cause of death among adolescents.
Nutrition:
An adolescent needs an increased number of calories to support the

rapid body growth that occurs. Good sources of iron are meat and green
vegetables; calcium is abundant in milk and milk products; meat and milk
are also high in zinc.
3. Daily Activities:
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a. Dress and Hygiene Adolescents are capable of total self-care and,

because of their body awareness, may even be overly conscientious
about personal hygiene and appearance.
b. Sleep: Many adolescents attempt to get by with too little sleep,

because they are constantly busy and because staying up late is a symbol
of the adult status they long for.
Healthy Family Function:
Body Piercing and Tattoos Body piercing and tattoos - are a strong mark
of adolescence (Armstrong, 2007).
Acne - is a self-limiting inflammatory disease that involves the sebaceous

glands that empty into hair shafts (the pilosebaceous unit).
Sexuality and Sexual Activity- Adolescents are usually interested in

discussing sexuality concerns with a health care provider because they
are concern, they are exposing themselves to HIV infection or other
sexually transmitted diseases and to pregnancy.
Mental Health:
Depression is one of the leading

causes of illness and disability
among adolescents, and suicide is
the second leading cause of death
in adolescents.
Parents Function and Role to Teenagers
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Teenage friends are important to them

VI. Scope and Standards of Maternal and Child Practice in the Philippines
The strategy aims to achieve the following intermediate results:
1. Every pregnancy is wanted, planned, and supported
2. Every pregnancy is adequately managed throughout its course
3. Every delivery is facility-based and managed by skilled birth attendants/skilled health
professionals (health centers or birthing centers)
4. Every mother and newborn pair secures proper post-partum and newborn care with
smooth transitions to the women’s health care package for the mother and child
survival package for the newborn
Services to implement
1. Pregnant mothers to undergo pre-natal check-ups especially during the first
trimester.
2. Pregnant women include provision of tetanus vaccine and essential vitamins and
minerals like calcium and iron which will continue even after the child's delivery.
3. After childbirth, women will still be monitored by barangay health workers who will
teach them the proper way of breastfeeding while children will be entitled to various
vaccines and immunization programs of the City Health Office
VII. Legal Considerations of Maternal and Child Practice:

Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012, also known as
the Reproductive Health Law or RH Law, and officially designated as Republic Act No. 10354, is
a law in the Philippines, which guarantees universal access to methods on contraception,
fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Sex education 1. Religious issues
2. Family Planning 2. Unplanned pregnancies
3. Rights of female employees 3. Contraceptives
4. Prenatal Care in Health Centers 4. Abortion
5. Right of the newborn
6. Elimination of violence against women
VII. Contraceptives:
Contraceptive use is also important to combat the alarming spread of HIV and sexually
transmitted diseases, which has been on the rise in the Philippines, especially among young
people
8 types of contraception .
The Condom The Oral Contraceptive Pill Intrauterine Device (IUD)
The Contraceptive Implant The Contraceptive Injection Contraception Pill (The 'Morning After' Pill)
Diaphragm Sterilization
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VIII. Advance Genetics:
Genetic testing can provide information about a person's genes and chromosomes. Available types of
testing include:
1. Newborn screening
2. Diagnostic testing
3. Carrier testing
4. Prenatal testing
5.. Preimplantation testing
IX. Alternative Method of Birth:
1. Cesarean Section
2. Home Birth
3. Water Birth
4. Lamaze method
A method by which an expectant mother is prepared for childbirth by education, psychological
and physical conditioning, and breathing exercises.
LEARNING RESOURCES:
1. https://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/MNCHNMOPMay4withECJ.pdf
REFERENCES:
Cunningham, F. (2014). Williams Obstetrics (24th ed)
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Pillitteri, A. (2014). Maternal and child health nursing (9th ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott,
Williams and Wilkins.
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NCM 1208 2021 Health Promotion Disease Prevention

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NCM 1208 2021 Health Promotion Disease Prevention

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FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

MODULE 5: HEALTH PROMOTION AND DISEASE PREVENTION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

3.1. Introduction of solid food

II. Health and promotion for Toddler

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

III. Health and Promotion for Pre- schooler

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

3. An infant is observed to be competent in the following developmental skills: stares at an

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

B. Begin to use imitative verbal expressions

I. Health and Promotion for infant (from 1 month – 1year)

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

What are the symptoms of aspiration in babies and children?

Aspiration can cause signs and symptoms in a baby such as:

• Choking or coughing while eating

Posturing methods to treat aspiration include:

• Place infants in an upright/prone position during feedings

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

• Be aware of the proper technique for placing an infant in a car seat.

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

• Do not be distracted by an infant while driving.

POISONOUS and BURNS - Never present medication as a candy.

• Never take medication in front of infants.

• Place all medication and poisons in locked cabinets or overhead shelves.

• Never leave medication in a pocket or handbag.

• Use no lead-based paint in any area of the home.

• Hang plants or set on high surface.

• Monitor infants carefully near candles.

• Do not leave infants unsupervised near hot-water faucets.

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

• Your child can sit with little or no support.

• Your child has good head control.

• Your child opens his or her mouth and leans

AGE Food to Introduce Rationale

7 months Vegetables Good source of vitamin A; adds

8 months Fruit Best source of vitamin C, good

9 months Meat Good source of protein, iron,

10 months Egg yolk Good source of iron

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

Limit to 2 To assess if they can tolerate it

THUMB SUCKING Parents can be assured that thumb sucking is normal

PACIFIERS Used when infants are discontent after feeding and

CONSTIPATION Breastfed infants rarely have constipation

Constipation may occur in formula-fed infants if their

LOOSE STOOLS Stools of breastfed infants are generally softer than

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

COLIC Colic is paroxysmal abdominal pain that generally

MILARIA Prickly heat rash occurs in warm weather

II. Health and Promotion for TODDLERS: (1 year – 3 years of age)

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

BURNS • Do not leave toddlers unsupervised near hot-water faucets.

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

Self-feeding - is a major way to strengthen independence in a toddler. Offering

Sleep: The amount of sleep children need gradually decreases as

A toddler loves a bedtime routine: bath, pajamas, a story,

Bathing: Toddlers usually enjoy bath time, and parents should

Care of teeth: Tooth care, toddlers need to have a toothbrush

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

3. Healthy Family Functioning:

NUR1208/NCM 107 CARE OF MOTHER & CHILD, ADOLESCENT (WELL CLIENT)

e. Temper Tantrums: Tantrums are a normal part of child development.