INDEX

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1 Declaration Letter 2
2 Certificate 3
3 Acknowledgement 4
4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-11
1.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
PROBLEM
1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.4 HYPOTHESIS
1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.6 LIMITATIONS
5 CHAPTER 2 : HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF 12-41
THE TRADEMARK LAW:
2.1 CONCEPTS AND BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
TRADEMARK LAW
2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE MARK LAW
2.3 ENACTMENT OF TRADE MARKS ACT, 1958
2.4 ENACTMENT OF TRADE MARKS ACT, 1999
2.4.1 The Statement of Objects and Reasons of
1999 Act
2.4.2 Salient features of the Trade Marks
Act, 1999
2.4.3 Summary of new act
2.5 COMPATIBILITY OF TRADE MARKS ACT

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WITH INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
2.5.1 WIPO - Trademark Law Treaty
2.5.2 Paris Convention
2.5.3 Madrid Agreement
2.5.4 Madrid Protocol
2.5.5 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT) and the Agreement of Trade
Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS) WIPO - Trademark Law
Treaty
2.6 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BASIC
PRINCIPLES OF TRIPS AGREEMENT
2.6.1 Introduction
2.6.2 Object of TRIPS Agreement
2.6.3 TRIPS Agreement in relation to
Trademarks
a Protectable subject-matters
b Rights of owners of registered trademark
and term of protection
c Requirement of use of trademark
d Licensing an assignment of trademarks
2.7 EFFECT OF TRIPS WITH RESPECT TO TRADE
MARKS LAW
2.7.1 Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights
2.7.2 Preamble to the Act
2.7.3 Registration and better protection of trade

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marks
2.8 PRINCIPLES OF TRADE MARK LAW
2.8.1 Rules
2.8.2 Changes Made By Co. Act 1956 in Light of
Trademark Act
2.9 AMENDMENT IN 2010
2.9.1 Position under the Madrid Protocol
2.9.2 Scope of the amending legislation
6 CHAPTER 3 : DEFINITIONS 42-91
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 DEFINITION OF TRADE MARK
3.2.1 A Broad scope of definition
3.2.2 Capable of being represented graphically
3.2.3 Capable of distinguishing the goods or
services
3.2.4 Used or proposed to be used
3.2.5 In relation to goods
3.2.6 For the purpose of indicating or so as to
indicate
3.2.7 Connection in the course of trade
3.2.8 With or without any indication of the
identity of that person
3.2.9 Function of trade mark
3.3 DEFIN ITION OF MARK
3.3.1 Colour - whether a trade mark
3.3.2 Name

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3.3.3 Numeral Mark
3.3.4 Other types of marks
a Brand
b Heading
c Label
d Ticket
e Signature
f Letter

g Shape of goods
h Package
i Combination of colours

j House Mark as distinguished from product

mark
3.4 DECEPTIVELY SIMILAR
3.4.1 Principles for determining deceptive
similarity
3.4.2 Factors in determining likelihood of
deception or confusion
3.4.3 Consumer protection angle
3.4.4 Quality of Trade Mark
3.5 ASSOCIATED TRADE MARK
3.6 COLLECTIVE MARK
3.7 JOINTLY OWNED TRADE MARKS
3.8 WELL KNOWN TRADE MARK
3.9 OTHER DEFINITIONS
3.9.1 Appellate Board

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3.9.2 Judicial Member
3.9.3 Member
3.9.4 Technical Member
3.9.5 Tribunal
3.9.6 Vice Chairman
3.9.7 Assignment
3.9.8 Transmission
3.9.9 Trade Description
3.9.10 False trade description
3.9.11 Goods
3.9.12 Services
3.9.13 Package
3.9.14 Permitted Use
3.9.15 Prescribed
3.9.16 Registered
3 9 17 Registered Proprietor
3.9.18 Registered T.M.
3.9.19 Registrar
3.9.20 Use of Mark
3.9.21 Exclusive rights to use of a mark
3.10 DEFIN ITIONS UNDER TRADE MARK
RULE*5,2002
3.10.1 Appropriate Office of the TRADE MARK
Registry
3.10.2 Convention Country
3.10.3 Divisional Application

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3.11 PUBLIC INTEREST AND PURITY OF THE
REGISTER
3.12 JUDGMENTS OF TRADE MARKS
7 CHAPTER 4 : PASSING OFF OF TRADE MARKS 92-
189
4.1 DEFINITIONS:
4.1.1 Section 27
4.1.2 Section 134
4.1.3 Section 135 (3) (C)
4.1.4 Comment
4.2 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PASSING-
OFF
4.3 OBJECT
4.4 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PASSING -OFF
4.4.1 Essential Characteristics of a passing off
action - modem formulation
4.4.2 Right to passing off action not affected
4.4.3 Passing off action may succeed although
action for infringement fails
4.4.4 Statement of the law of passing off:
4.4.5 The Spanish Champagne Case
4.4.6 Plaintiff must establish proprietary right
and probability of confusion
4.4.7 Issues in a passing off action
4.4.8 Plaintiffs title to sue
4.4.9 Mark, name, or get-up must distinguish the

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plaintiffs goods
4.4.10 Natural Product:
4.4.11 Descriptive words and names:
4.4.12 Law of Tort by Winfield
4.4.13 Action for passing-off
4.4.14 Tests of passing-off in relation to trade
names
4.4.15 Action for passing-off on the basis of
unregistered trade mark
4.4.16 In passing off, one of the ingredients is that
man must have goodwill
4.5 passuMG OFF ACTION, RULE OF THE
COMAION LAW AND EQUITY
4.6 PASSING OFF ACTION AVAILABLE AGAINST
A REGISTERED TRADE MARK:
4.6.1 The rule of passing off action rests on
trinity of reputation, misrepresentation and
damage
4.6.2 Reputation
4.6.3 Mi srepresentation
4.6.4 Damages
4.6.5 Party entitled to file an action
4.6.6 Same activities not necessarily required
4.6.7 Claimant’s occupation need not be
commercial
4.7 DOMAIN NAMES AND INTERNET

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4.8 IMPORTED GOODS: PASSING OFF ACTION
BY AN IMPORTER
4.9 ASSIGNED UNREGISTERED TRADE MARK
4.10 RELIEFS AND DEFENSES:
4.10.1 General principles for grant of temporary
injunction
4.10.2 Reliefs in suits for passing off
4.11 IMPORTANT JUDGMENTS OF PASSING - OFF
ACTION OF SUPREME COURT OF INDIA AND
VARIOUS HIGH COURTS OF INDIA.
8 CHAPTER 5 : INFRINGEMENT ACTION OF 190-
TRADE MARKS 290
5.1 STATUTORY PROVISION
5.1.1 Sec 28-Rights conferred by Registration.
5.1.2 Sec 29- Infringement of Registered Trade
Mark.
5.1.3 Sec 30-Limits on Effect of Registered
Trade Mark
5.1.4 Sec 31-Registration to be prima facie
evidence of validity.
5.1.5 Sec 32-Protection registration of ground
distinctiveness in certain cases.
5.1.6 Sec 33-Effect of Acquiescence.
5.1.7 Sec 52-Right of registered user to take
proceedings against infringement.
5.1.8 Sec 53-No right of permitted user to take

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proceedings against infringement.
5.1.9 Sec 54-Registered user not to have right of
assignment or transmission.
5.2 PERSONS ENTITLED TO SUE FOR
INFRINGEMENT
5.2.1 Registered proprietor
5.2.2 A registered user
5.3 WHAT CONSTITUTES INFRINGEMENT
5.3.1 Use in course of trade
5.3.2 For trademark infringement action, specific
instances are not necessarily required to be
alleged at the threshold
5.3.3 Use of registered mark by a non-permitted
user, without due course, to take unfair
advantage of or detrimental to the mark
5.3.4 The whole of the mark not used, essential
features used
5.3.5 Infringement by mere use of abbreviation,
no defense
5.3.6 Non-user of a mark by the proprietor, no
excuse for infringement
5.3.7 Two marks identical
5.4 DISPARAGEMENT, ITS MEANING,
DISPARAGEMENT OF COMPETITOR’S
GOODS
5.4.1 Meaning : Disparagement

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5.4.2 Disparagement of Goods

5.5 ACTIONABLE WRONGS OTHER THAN
INFRINGEMENTS
5.6 PERMITTED ACTS, DEFENSES TO AN
ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT
5.7 LIMITS ON EFFECT OF REGISTERED
TRADEMARK, DEFENSES TO THE CHARGE
OF INFRINGEMENT
5.7.1 Own name defense and other like defenses
5.7.2 Bona fide use
5.8 SPECIAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING
INFRINGEMENT OF PARTICULAR MARKS
5.8.1 Collective trade marks
5.8.2 Certification trade marks
5.9 ILLUSTRATIONS WHERE INFRINGEMENT
CHARGES UPHELD/ NOT UPHELD
5.10 USER HELD TO BE BY CONSENT, HENCE NO

INFRINGEMENT
5.11 INFRINGEMENT, A CONTINUING TORT
5.12 REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT

5.12.1 Approach to grant of interim relief in trade

mark cases involving comparative
advertising
5.12.2 Reliefs- permanent

5.13 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PASSING OFF

ACTION AND AN ACTION FOR

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INFRINGEMENT OF A TRADE MARK
5.14 REMEDIES FOR INFRINGEMENT
5.14.1 Temporary or Interlocutory Injunctions:
General Principles
5.14.2 Offences
5.14.3 Certain proceedings pending in the High
Court transferred to the Boards; substantive
law is the 1958 Act.
5.15 IMPORTANT JUDGMENTS OF SUPREME
COURT AND VARIOUS HIGH COURTS OF
INDIA.

9 CHAPTER 6 : PASSING OFF AND 291-

INFRINGEMENT OF TRADE MARKS IN 495
RELATION TO PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

6.1 Pharma Trade Mark Law Pharmaceutical Trade

Mark (Halsbury’s Law of India)
6.1.1 Intellectual Property Rights
6.2 Provision of drugs and cosmetics acts.
Provisions of Drugs and Cosmetics
Pharmaceutical products special what is drug?
6.3 Provisions of The drugs rules
6.4 Various judgments of supreme court of india, high
courts of india and english judgements.
6.5 List of Judgments on Pharmaceutical Products
English Judgments on Pharmaceutical Products
6.6 The Following are instances of Pharmaceutical

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trademarks
6.7 The Following are instances of pharmaceutical
trademarks not held deceptively similar
10 CHAPTER 7 : RECTIFICATION 496-
536
7.1 REMOVAL FROM REGISTER AND
LIMITATIONS ON NON-USE (SECTION 47)
7.2 CANCELLATION OF REGISTRATION AS
REGISTERED USER [SECTION 50]
7.3 POWER TO CANCEL OR VARY
REGISTRATION AND TO RECTIFY THE
REGISTER [SECTION 57]
7.4 CORRECTION OF REGISTER [SECTION 58]
7.5 ALTERATION OF REGISTERED TRADE
MARKS [SECTION 59]
7.6 IMPORTANT JUDGMENTS OF THE SUPREME
COURT:
11 CHAPTER 8 : CONCLUSION 537-
630
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SUPREME
COURT JUDGMENTS OF PHARMACEUTICAL
PRODUCTS
8.3 SUGGESTIONS
8.4 REPLY OF QUESTIONNAIRE
12 CHAPTER 9 : SCOPE FOR FUTURE STUDIES 631

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13 BIBLIOGRAPHY (ALPHABETICAL ORDER) 632-
635
14 TABLE OF CASES 636-
649

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