WECHSLER SCALE

Fakultas Psikologi Univ. Mercu Buana Yogyakarta 2011

 David Wechsler
• David Wechsler designed intelligence tests
made up of items that are appropriate for a
wide range of ages
 Three main types of Wechsler intelligence tests

• Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of

Intelligence (WPPSI) - 3-7 years
• Wechsler Intelligence scale for Children (WISC)
- 7-16 years
• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) - 16
years and over
 WAIS
• The first was the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale
(Wechsler, 1939).

• The original WAIS (Form I) was published in February

1955 by David Wechsler, as a revision of the Wechsler-
Bellevue Intelligence Scale.
 Cont….
• The WAIS-R, a revised form of the WAIS,
was released in 1981 and consisted of six
verbal and five performance subtests
 Cont….
• The verbal tests were: Information,
Comprehension, Arithmetic, Digit Span,
Similarities, and Vocabulary.
• The Performance subtests were: Picture
Arrangement, Picture Completion, Block
Design, Object Assembly, and Digit Symbol.
 Cont….
• A verbal IQ, performance IQ and full
scale IQ were obtained
 Cont…
• The WAIS-III, a subsequent revision of the
WAIS and the WAIS-R, was released in 1997. It
provided scores for Verbal IQ, Performance
IQ, and Full Scale IQ, along with four
secondary indices (Verbal Comprehension,
Working Memory, Perceptual Organization,
and Processing Speed).
 Cont….
• The fourth edition of the test
(WAIS-IV) was released in 2008
by Pearson.
 WAIS
• Revisi tes WAIS digunakan di US pada tahun
1997 dan menghasilkan skala edisi ketiga yang
dikenal dengan nama WAIS-III. Revisi
dilakukan dengan mengubah hampir 80 % dari
tes aslinya. Sejumlah perbaikan dilakukan
termasuk usaha untuk membuat tes ini
menjadi lebih bebas dari budaya
 WAIS
• The WAIS(R) Distandardisasi dengan
menggunakan sampel sebanyak 1.800 warga US
dengan rentang usia 16 -74 tahun yang kemudian
dibagi menjadi 9 kelompok usia. Jumlah subjek
pria dan wanita yang seimbang dengan variasi
warna kulit yang juga seimbang. Kemudian
terbagi dalam 4 daerah dan 6 jenis pekerjaan
 WAIS
• The mean I.Q. for each age group on this test
is 100, with a standard deviation of 15. The
WAIS scales have impressive reliability and
validity.
• Tes ini merupakan tes individual
 WAIS
• Sudah diadaptasi di
Australia (1989) dan
Indonesia
 WAIS
• Terdiri dari 11 sub tes
• 6 sub tes Verbal (IQ Verbal): Informasi,
Pengertian, Hitungan, Persamaan, Rentangan
angka, Perbendaharaan kata
• 5 sub tes Performance (IQ Performance): Simbol
angka, Melengkapi gambar, Rancangan balok,
Mengatur gambar, Merakit objek
 KEMAMPUAN VERBAL
• Informasi
Berisi 29 pertanyaan pengetahuan umum untuk mengukur
kemampuan umum.
• Rentang Angka
Berupa rangkaian angka antara 3 sampai 9 angka yang
disebutkan secara lisan dan subjek diminta untuk mengulangnya
dengan urutan yang benar. Untuk mengukur kemampuan
immediatte auditory recall dan freedom from disctraction
 Cont…..
• Kosa Kata
Mendefinisikan 40 kata-kata dari yang paling mudah sampai
yang paling sulit. A measure of expressive word knowledge. It
correlates very highly with Full Scale IQ

• Hitungan
Berupa problem hitungan yang setaraf dengan soal hitungan di
sekolah dasar. Tests distractibility as well as numerical reasoning
 Cont…..
• Pemahaman
Isi subtes ini dirancang untuk mengungkap pemahaman
umum. Focus on issues of social awareness

• Kesamaan
Berupa 13 soal yang menghendaki subjek untuk menyatakan
pada hal apakah dua benda memiliki kesamaan. A measure of
concept formation
 SKALA PERFORMANSI
• Kelengkapan Gambar
Menyebutkan bagian yang hilang dari gambar dalam kartu
yang jumlahnya 21 kartu. A test of attention to fine detail.
• Susunan Gambar
Berupa delapan seri gambar yang masing-masing terdiri dari
beberapa kartu yang disajikan dalam urutan yang tidak teratur.
Kemudian subjek diminta untuk mengaturnya dalam urutan yang
logis
Cont….
 Cont…
• Rancangan Balok
Terdiri atas suatu seri pola yang masing-masing tersusun atas
pola merah-putih. Setiap macam pola diberikan di atas kartu
sebagai soal.
• Perakitan Objek
Terdiri dari potongan-potongan lengkap bentuk benda yang
dikenal sehari-hari yang disajikan dalam susunan tertentu.
 Cont…
• Simbol Angka
Berupa Sembilan angka yang masing-masing mempunyai
simbolnya sendiri-sendiri. Subjek diminta menulis symbol untuk
masing-masing angka di bawah deretan angka yang tersedia
sebanyak yang dapat dia lakukan selama 90 detik.
 Skoring Tes WAIS
• Three IQ scores are obtained from the
WAIS(R):
1. Verbal IQ
2. Performance IQ
3. Full Scale IQ
 Contoh Hasil Tes WAIS
• Tes Informasi, angka kasar = 21, angka skala =13
Tes pengertian, angka kasar = 22, angka skala = 14
Tes berhitung, angka kasar = 14, angka skala = 13
Tes persamaan, angka kasar = 24, angka skala = 17
Tes rentang angka, angka kasar = 11, angka skala = 10
Tes perbendaharaan kata, angka kasar = 71, angka skala = 16

Tes simbol angka, angka verbal = 67, angka skala = 13

Tes melengkapi gambar, angka verbal = 16, angka skala = 11
Tes rancangan balok, angka verbal = 45, angka skala = 14
Tes mengatur gambar, angka verbal = 24, angka skala = 10
Tes merakit obyek, angka verbal = 29, angka skala = 9
Cont….
• Angka verbal = 83,
IQ =125
Angka performance =
57, IQ = 110
Total Score = 140,
IQ = 120
Klasifikasi IQ Wechsler
• Very superior (130 ke atas; 2,2%)
• Superior (120-129; 6.7%)
• Bright Normal (110-119; 16.1%)
• Average (90-109; 50%)
• Dull Normal (80-89; 16.1%)
• Borderline (70-79; 6.7%)
• Defective (69 ke bawah; 2.2%)
 WISC
• The original WISC (Wechsler, 1949) was an adaption
of several of the subtests which made up the
Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale (Wechsler,
1939) but also featured several subtests designed
specifically for it.
 Cont….
• The subtests were organized into Verbal and Performance scales,
and provided scores for Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ),
and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ).
• A revised edition was published in 1974 as the WISC-R
(Wechsler, 1974), featuring the same subtests however the age
range was changed from 5-15 to 6-16.
• The third edition was published in 1991 (WISC-III; Wechsler,
1991) and brought with it a new subtest as a measure of
processing speed.
 Cont…
• The current version, the WISC-IV, was
produced in 2003 followed by the UK version
in 2004.
 KEGUNAAN WISC
• The WISC is used not only as an intelligence test, but
as a clinical tool. Many practitioners use it to
diagnose attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) and learning disabilities
• WISC can be used as part of an assessment battery
to identify intellectual giftedness, learning
difficulties, and cognitive strengths and weaknesses
 SUBTES WISC
• Terdiri 12 subtes, yaitu 6 subtes verbal dan 6
subtes performance.
• Subtes verbal : informasi, pengetahuan,
berhitung, persamaan, perbendaharaan kata dan
rentang angka.
• Subtes performance : melengkapi gambar,
menyusun gambar, rancangan balok, merakit
objek, coding dan mazes
Cont….
• Rentang angka dan mazes sebagai subtes
tambahan yg digunakan jika ada subtes lain
yang tidak disajikan. Kedua subtes memiliki
korelasi yg rendah thd subtes lain.
• IQ full = 5 verbal + 5 performance
 WPPSI
• The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of
Intelligence (WPPSI) is an intelligence test
designed for children ages 2 years 6 months to
7 years 3 months developed by David
Wechsler in 1967
 Cont….
• The original WPPSI (Wechsler, 1967) was developed
as an intelligence measure for 4-6:6yr olds in
response to an increasing need for the assessment of
preschoolers.
• The WPPSI was divided into eleven subtests, all of
which were retained in the revision in 1990.
 Cont….
• The WPPSI-R expanded the age range to 3–7
years 3 months and introduced a new subtest,
Object Assembly.
• WPPSI-III incorporates a number of significant
changes.
 Subtes WPPSI
• Terdiri 11 subtes (6 verbal & 5 performance)
• Subtes verbal : informasi, vocabulary,
aritmatik, similarity, comprehension dan
kalimat
Cont….
• Subtes performance :
animal house, picture
completion, maze,
geometric design dan
block design.
 PENYAJIAN
1. Tidak selalu dimulai dr nomor 1  prinsip
sama spt WAIS
2. Disajikan scr individual
3. Tidak urut verbal semua, boleh diselang-
seling
Cont…
4. Subtes kalimat tidak disajikan, sifatnya hanya
suplemen  digunakan untuk kepentingan
konseling
5. Soal-soal verbal di buku manual, soal
performance di record booklet
 for all Wechsler Scales
• below 70 is Extremely Low,
• 70-79 is Borderline,
• 80-89 is Low Average,
• 90-109 is Average,
• 110-119 is High Average,
• 120-129 is Superior,
• 130+ is Very Superior.
 The WPPSI can be used in several ways
• As an assessment of general intellectual
functioning.
• As part of an assessment to identify
intellectual giftedness.
• To identify cognitive delay and learning
difficulties.