Pest Free Places of

Production (PFPP) and Pest

Free Production Sites (PFPS)
and Areas of Low Pest
Prevalence (ALPP)
Pest Free Area

Pest Free Places of Production

(PFPP)

Pest Free Production Sites

(PFPS) and Areas of Low Pest
Prevalence (ALPP)
Definition
 all of a part of
all or parts of several countries

low levels
effective surveillance,
control or eradication measures.”
 Areas of low pest prevalence must be
isolated by a natural barrier or protected
with buffer zones where continuous
effective phytosanitary actions can be
applied.

ALPP
Can be applied to large geographic
areas, smaller places of production
such as a block of contiguous orchards,
and individual production sites
 An area temporarily subject to population suppression
(to reach the threshold for low prevalence), whose
final objective is eradication.
Low
prevalence A permanent low prevalence area acting as a buffer
zone to protect a Pest Free Area (PFA).

concept can
A place of production within a PFA that is under
be applied as Emergency Action Plan.

follows A production area (places of production or production

sites) permanently under the low prevalence status
where products are exported subject to additional
control measures, e.g., systems approach.
 An established and
maintained ALPP may
be used


 Advantages in using ALPPs

biological control methods facilitation of market access less restrictive movement Movement of commodities
that rely on low pest for products from areas that controls including from one ALPP to another
populations being present were previously excluded movement of commodities ALPP.
may reduce pesticide use may be permitted from:
Movement of commodities from
an ALPP to a PFA.
Movement of commodities from
an ALPP through a PFA.
Movement of commodities from
an ALPP through an ALPP.
 The main difference between an
ALPP and a PFA is that the
presence of the pest below a
specified population level is
accepted in an ALPP, whereas
the pest is absent from the PFA.

ALPP -- PFA
The choice of an ALPP or PFA as
a risk management option will
depend on the characteristics of
the pests, distribution of the
pests in the exporting country,
and overall feasibility of the
program.
 ALPP -- PFA
The main security of the PFA lies in
the application of common
phytosanitary measures to an area
covering many places of production.
The main security of the ALPP is
that specific phytosanitary
measures are applied more
intensive
 


Determination of an
area of low pest 

prevalence

 Key elements to consider in determining the
feasibility of establishing an ALPP


 Determination of specified pest levels


 Geographic description

Supporting maps demonstrating the boundaries of the area roads, places of

production, location of host plants in proximity to commercial production areas,
and isolation of the area by a natural barrier (annex 1). In the absence of an
isolating natural barrier, describe, with supporting maps and documentation, the
buffer zone adjacent to the ALPP.

In cases where the biology of the target fruit fly species is such that it is likely to
disperse from an infested area into a protected area, it may be necessary to
define a buffer zone with a low fruit fly prevalence (see ISPM 26:2006).
 general surveillance – specific surveilance

General surveillance is a process whereby

Surveillance information on particular pests which are of
concern for an area is gathered from many
activities sources, wherever it is available and provided
for use by the NPPO

Specific surveys are procedures by which NPPOs

obtain information on pests of concern on
specific sites in an area over a defined period of
time.
 

Protocols specific for 

the target pest(s)
 Validation of detection techniques.

Visual inspection.
Key elements
of the quality Host sampling.
control
program would Verification of trap and lure efficacy.
include:
Regular reviews of survey documentation.

Audits of trap placement and servicing.

 Continued application of phytosanitary
procedures directed at the target pest(s)

Maintenance of
Monitoring surveys in the low prevalence
an area of low area and buffer zone during specific
periods of time and at a level of
pest prevalence sensitivity that will detect target pests,

Records should be retained for at least

the two previous years or as long as
necessary to support the program.
 Apply control measures to maintain the target pest(s)
populations below threshold levels in commercial, non-
commercial, or wild hosts in the proposed ALPP. The control
measures should be relevant to the biology and life cycle of the
target pest(s).

Control Document control measures used to maintain the target pest(s)

populations below threshold levels in commercial, non-
Measures commercial, or wild hosts in the proposed ALPP.

The NPPO should maintain a monitoring program to assure that

the control measures are properly applied. (See Annex 1).
 Identification of the pathways and regulated articles
that require control to maintain the ALPP

Movement
controls Establishment of an inspection program for regulated
articles moving into the ALPP.

Maintenance of sampling records, identification of

intercepted specimens, verification ofdocuments,
confirmation that required treatments occurred, and
documentation of anyother phytosanitary
procedures.(See Annex 1).
 Change in the status of an
area of low pest prevalence


 Emergency action plan should include the
delimiting survey, commodity sampling,
increased regulatory, and control measures

Emergency actions should be initiated within 48

Emergency hours of confirmation that the threshold level
Action Plan has been exceeded in the ALPP or detection of
target pest(s) during inspection of host products.

Importing country should be notified

immediately upon initiation of the emergency
action plan. Failure to implement emergency
actions will result in termination of ALPP status
 

Suspension and
termination
non compliance
ALPP for Qfly (Bractocera tryoni)
 PFPP

 HIRARKI

CENTRAL
DUNIA (WTO, IPPC,
FAO, dll)

REGIONAL (APPPC) ASEAN/ASIA

EU ..dll
PACIFIC

NASIONAL Negara 2 ..
Negara 1 Negara 3 ….
(BARANTAN) dst
NPPO
WTO – SPS AGREEMENT AND RELATED
ISSUES
(TBT, GSP: generalized system
preferences)
Apa yang bisa saudara cermati dari gambar ini
terkait dg “Karantina”?
 A B
Impor

Ekspor

Lalu-lintas perdagangan antar negara

SPS measures....what???

 Sanitary ‣ means clean

 Phyto-sanitary ‣plants
 Measures ‣creating rules - ISPM
The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures sets out the basic rules
for food safety and animal and plant health
standards.

The basic aim of the SPS Agreement is to

maintain the sovereign right of any
government to provide the level of health
protection it deems appropriate, but to ensure
that these sovereign rights are not misused for
protectionist purposes and do not result in
unnecessary barriers to international trade.
 


Perbedaan
kepentingan terkait 
perbedaan antar
negara



Upaya yang dilakukan oleh masing-masing negara

Dumping Barrier tarif – Bisa terjadi

(halus dan pajak (saat saat perang
kasar) ini susah) dagang

Prinsip tidak diperbolehkan

Tariffs or taxes on agricultural imports and
exports have been eliminated totally or
gradually, and other non-tariff barriers such as
advance permits and overall import quotas have
been eliminated or restricted, the only
regulations remaining to regulate international
agricultural trade now and in the future are
sanitary and phytosanitary measures.
 SPS - production to delivery

 Exporting Country  Importing Country

1. Regulation and procedure 1. Product criteria

2. Processing and production 2. Testing inspection
3. Testing Inspection 3. Quarantinetreatments
4. Certification and approval
procedure
5. Risk assessment method
6. Packaging and labelling
 Bahan tanaman dan pangan
WTO : World segar dan turunannya -
scientific based
Trade
Organization SPS (Sanitary-Phyto
Sanitary) – scientific based
Non-barrier
trade - TBT (Technical Barrier
arbritase Trade)
BAHAN TANAMAN DAN PANGAN SEGAR

 SPS – ISPM : Badan Karantina Pertanian

 Codex allimetarius – FAO : Badan karantina dan BPOM

 TBT – between parties

BAHAN PANGAN OLAHAN

 Codex allimetarius : BPOM

 The Sanitary Phytosanitary (SPS) International Standards –
Setting Bodies

BPOM
Food Safety Chemical Substances
(Codex) MRL (Max. Residue Limit)

Badan Karantina Animal Health

(OIE)
SPS Plant Health
(IPPC)
ISPM
Pertanian Badan Karantina
Flu burung dll Pertanian
 Importance?

Need for protection of Need for

Food Safety as a
human, animal, and harmonization of food
public health priority,
plant life and health legislation

The influence of
international
recommendations on
the national legislation
 All countries have
rights to take Sanitary
and Phytosanitary
SPS (SPS) – ISPM no 1 ---
?
Agreement,
Article 2.1. Measures for
protection of human,
animal and plant
health
 SPS measures:

 Must be based on scientific evidence

and risk assessment
 Must not create any sort of unjustified
barriers and
 Must not create any restrictions in
international trade.
 Definition of SPS Measures (1)

To protect: From:
Human or animal  Additives,
life
 Contaminants,
 Toxins
 Disease-causing
Organisms
Definition of an SPS Measures (3)

To protect From

 Animal or plant  Pests,

life  Diseases or
 Disease-causing
organisms
Definition of an SPS Measures (4)

To protect From
 a country
 Damage caused by
the entry, establishment
or spread of pests
 What types of measures?
All measures with SPS purpose including:

 Product criteria,  Certifications,

 Quarantine  Inspection,
measures,  Testing,
 Processing  Health-related labeling
requirements,
 HARMONIZATION, RISK ASSESSMENT, APPROPRIATE
LEVEL OF
Key Principles of PROTECTION,

SPS Measures:

REGIONAL TRANSPARENCY.
CONDITIONS,
 Harmonization (1)

Harmonization means:

 Establishment,
common SPS measures
 Recognition and by different countries.
 Application of
 Harmonization (2)
The International Organizations are:

 Codex Alimentarius for food safety and human health,

 International Office of Epizootics for animal health and zoonoses,
 International Plant Protection Convention for plant health.
 Tries to ensure that regulations,
standards, testing and certification
procedures do not cause
unnecessary obstacles to trade

TBT :
Technical TBT covers any regulations which do
not fall under SPS

Barrier Trade
Food related examples: shape of
food cartons; packaging, labelling,
food quality standards (halal etc)
 COVERS ALL TECHNICAL COVERS PRODUCTS,
REGULATIONS, STANDARDS PROCESSES AND SERVICES
AND CONFORMITY
ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES

Scope of TBT OTHER THAT SPS

MEASURES

Agreement

COVERS ALL PRODUCTS, COVERS ALL STANDARDS

INCLUDING INDUSTRIAL & PREPARED BY RECOGNIZED
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS STANDARDIZATION BODIES
If a producer in country A wants to
export to country B,

He will be obliged to satisfy the

technical requirements that apply in
country b, with all the financial
consequences this entails.
 The agreement also encourages countries to recognize
each other’s procedures for assessing whether a product
conforms.

 Without recognition, products might have to be tested

twice, first by the exporting country and then by the
importing country.

 The Technical Barriers to Trade Committee is the major

clearing house for members to share the information and
the major forum to discuss concerns about the
regulations and their implementation.
Scope of TBT Agreement Definitions

Conformity Assessment
Conformity assessment procedures are technical procedures — such as
testing, verification, inspection and certification — which confirm that
products fulfil the requirements laid down in regulations and standards.

May include, among other things, procedures for:

 sampling, testing & inspection
 evaluation
 verification & assurance of conformity
 registration, accreditation, and approval
 Difference Between SPS &TBT

 Regulation regarding fertilizers

 SPS if relating to residues in food or animal feed
(objective protection of human/ animal health)
 TBT if related to quality or efficacy of the product
or health risk to handlers
 Labelling requirements for foods
 SPS if related to food safety
 TBT if the regulation concerns issues such as;
positioning, letter size, nutrient content, grade, etc.
Difference Between SPS &TBT

 Regulation regarding containers for the shipment of

grains
SPS if relating to fumigation or other treatment of
these containers, i.e., disinfection in order to prevent
the spread of disease TBT if the regulation regards
the size or structure of the containers
 Differences between SPS and TBT Agreements

SPS TBT
Based on risk assessment, Based on legitimate objective:
Risk assessment from
pests, diseases, additives,  National security,
contaminants, toxins...
 prevention from deceptive practice,
Based on scientific
evidence,  environmental protection ,
Regulation regarding fertilizers
 SPS it relating to residues in food or animal feed
(objective protection of human/ animal health
 TBT it related to quality or efficacy of the product or health risk to
handlers

Labeling requirements for foods

 SPS it related to food safety
 TBT it the regulation concerns issues such as; positioning, letter
size, nutrient content, grade, etc.
Regulation regarding containers for the shipment of grains

SPS it relating to fumigation or other treatment of these

containers, i.e., disinfection in order to prevent the spread of
disease
TBT it the regulation regards the size or structure of the
containers
Perhatikan perbedaan cara pemuatan barang dlm kontainer di atas
 WTO : World Trade Organization

World Trade Organization (WTO) merupakan satu-satunya organisasi internasional

yang mengatur perdagangan internasional. Terbentuk sejak tahun 1995, WTO
berjalan berdasarkan serangkaian perjanjian yang dinegosiasikan dan disepakati
oleh sejumlah besar negara di dunia dan diratifikasi melalui parlemen

Pendirian WTO berawal dari negosiasi yang dikenal dengan "Uruguay Round"
(1986 - 1994) serta perundingan sebelumnya di bawah "General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade" (GATT). WTO saat ini terdiri dari 154 negara anggota, di mana
117 di antaranya merupakan negara berkembang atau wilayah kepabeanan
terpisah. Saat ini, WTO menjadi wadah negosiasi sejumlah perjanjian baru di
bawah "Doha Development Agenda" (DDA) yang dimulai tahun 2001.