12/06/2018

Peran Jasa Lingkungan

Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Jasa Hutan Lainnya
dalam Aksi Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim

Ani Mardiastuti

Disampaikan pada
Lokakarya Metodologi Pemanfaatan Jasa Lingkungan Berbasis Karbon di Taman Nasional
Bogor, 17 April 2018

Mitigation vs. Adaptation in climate change

Bio-technology
Geo-engineering

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Levels of biodiversity:
genetic → species → ecosystem

Ecosystem Services
Jasa Ekosistem; Jasa Lingkungan; Environmental Services

• “The benefits people obtain from ecosystems” -

manfaat yang diperoleh masyarakat dari ekosistem MEA (2016)
• The processes by which the environment produces
resources utlilised by humans
• Goods (barang) and services (‘jasa’)

• The key to sustaining ecosystem services → resilience

• Resilience: the capacity of a system to maintain its
equilibrium in the face of impacts or pressures that arise from natural or
human-made interactions or events ~related to speed

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Jasa penyediaan Jasa pengaturan Jasa budaya

Genetic
Species
Ecosystem Ecosystem Ecosystem

Jasa penunjang
Ecosystem

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Biodiversity and Climate Change

IPCC AR4 (2007)

• The main roles of biodiversity in climate change

mitigation: regulating service → carbon storage
and sequestration
• Terrestrial ecosystems: 2,000 GtC storage (mostly in
forest ecosystems), sequester (capture) 2.1-3 Gt of
atmospheric C/year
• Emissions from deforestation: 1.5 GtC/year
• Deforestation → release C in atmosphere, removes
sequestration capacity of forest, reduce ability of
forest as C sink

Mitigation Strategies
• Two main strategies:
1. maintenance of stored carbon through
REDD+ → NP’s function
2. sequestration of C from atmosphere through
afforestation, reforestation and restoration
(ARR) → ARR in NP? In rehab zone?
• REDD+ → benefit for climate change mitigation,
people/community, and biodiversity

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Benefit of REDD+

In Indonesia:
- REDD+ implementation? REDD+ in national parks?
- The roles of national parks in C storage and sequestration?
- Variation in C storage and sequestration in Indonesia’s NP

Sebangau

Sebangau

Gunung Palung

Meru Betiri Gunung Halimun-Salak

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Kelimutu

Gunung Bromo-Tengger-Semeru

Komodo

Teluk Cendrawasih
(blue carbon?)

Valuing Ecosystem Service

• For climate change mitigation → carbon estimation
in the national parks
• Future plan: also include wildlife, forest ‘quality’, and
ecosystem service → Valuing Ecosystem Service in
National Parks → more relevant for Payment for
Ecosystem Service (PES)
• Current approach for ecosystem service valuation:
• Total Economic Value Approach
• Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Approach
• Common International Classification of Ecosystem
Services (CICES) Approach (v5.1); Jan. 2018;
www.cices.eu

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Paris Agreement

National Parks in Climate Change Mitigation:

Key Messages
• Climate change mitigation in national parks →
related to carbon (‘biomass’)
• Carbon in national parks need to be maintained, if
applicable → C enhanced through reforestation
and restoration
• Ecosystem Service (‘non-carbon benefit’):
• has been recognized in UNFCCC (Paris
Agreement), but guidance is not available yet
• Options for valuation are available → needs
some exercises

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TERIMAKASIH