Using simple present and progressive to export

Tabla de contenido

Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1

Concept map.......................................................................................................... 1

1. Foreign trade process vocabulary ................................................................... 2

2. Simple present and present progressive ........................................................ 8

Simple present .................................................................................................... 8
Present progressive .......................................................................................... 12

References ........................................................................................................... 16
 Introduction

Fuente: Pixabay (2014)

Colombia has increased the number of treaties with other countries whose
language is English. For this reason, English has become in the most useful tool
for the processes that involve products export. It is important to know how to use
the structures to understand and communicate the messages between the
Colombian exporters and the buyers who speak English. In this section, there will
be a vocabulary about the international trade process and about the simple present
and simple past tense structure.

Concept map

In the conceptual map that is shared below, you can see the thematic content
interrelationship that arises in this learning material:

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 1. Foreign trade process vocabulary

Trade agreements are important in nowadays Colombian economy and

businesses. Important agreements have been signed with English language
countries and it is necessary to study and learn the key words to manage these
processes in the right way. The next chart contains important words in English
referring to foreign trade processes and their corresponding meaning.

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have

proved to be one of the best ways to
open up foreign markets to U.S.
exporters. Trade Agreements reduce
barriers to U.S. exports, and protect
U.S. interests and enhance the rule of
law in the FTA partner country. The
reduction of trade barriers and the
creation of a more stable and
FTA Free Trade TLC: Tratado de transparent trading and investment
Agreement Libre Comercio. environment make it easier and
cheaper for U.S. companies to export
their products and services to trading
partner markets. Forty-one percent of
U.S. goods exports went to FTA
partner countries in 2010, with exports
to those countries growing at a faster
rate than exports to the rest of the
world from 2009 to 2010, 23 % vs. 20
%.
(Also called an agriculture) is a person
engaged in agriculture, raising living
organisms for food or raw materials.
The term usually applies to people who
do some combination of raising field
Agricultores, crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or
Farmers granjeros, other livestock. A farmer might own the
campesinos. farmed land or might work as a laborer
on land owned by others, but in
advanced economies, a farmer is
usually a farm owner, while employees
of the farm are farm workers,
farmhands, etc.

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 The flow of cash or cash-equivalents
Income Ingresos. received from work (wage or salary),
capital (interest or profit), or land (rent).
A negative difference between retail
Loss Pérdida.
price and cost of production.

Denied Denegado. Word used when a process is refuse.

Published list of fares, freight charges,

Tariff Tarifa.
prices, rates, etc.
To send goods or services across
national frontiers for the purpose of
Export Exportar.
selling and realizing foreign exchange.
See also exports.
Ethical, legal, or moral accountability,
owed always or for a certain period,
Duties Deberes. especially to someone who has a
corresponding right to demand
satisfaction of an obligation.
Bargaining (give and take) process
between two or more parties (each with
its own aims, needs, and viewpoints)
seeking to discover a common ground
Negociation Negociación.
and reach an agreement to settle a
matter of mutual concern or resolve a
conflict. Noun form of the verb
negotiate.
Encarar de
Deal Trade.
manera, tratar.
Products that have strong financial
Heavily- Los productos support from a party. A subsidy is a
subsidized fuertemente grant or other financial assistance
products subsidiados. given by one party for the support or
development of another.

Expensive Costoso. Costing a lot of money.

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 Agriculture, also called farming or
husbandry, is the cultivation of animals,
Agricultural El sector plants, fungi, and other life forms for
sector agrícola. food, fiber, biofuel, drugs and other
products used to sustain and enhance
human life.
Commercial transaction involving the
Trade Comercio. sale and purchase of a good, service,
or information.
To give, provide, or allow. “Amy
granted her daughter the right to act on
Granted Concesión.
her behalf if she becomes incompetent
due to her illness.”
Merchandise on which import duty is
not charged because it is sold only to
departing passengers in an airport's or
port's departure lounge (which are
Libre de bonded areas). Non-residents can buy
Duty-free
impuestos. it outside of bonded areas on
presentation of valid travel documents
(such as a passport and travel ticket)
but can collect the purchased item only
at the departing point.

To attempt or intend to reach a certain

goal. "I aim to finish this project in a
Aims Objetivos.
week or less." A specific goal or
purpose.
Legal regimen of a country consisting
of (1) a written or oral constitution, (2)
primary legislation (statutes) enacted
by the legislative body established by
the constitution, (3) subsidiary
Legal system Sistema legal. legislation (bylaws) made by person or
bodies authorized by the primary
legislation to do so, (4) customs
applied by the courts on the basis of
traditional practices, and (5) principles
or practices of civil, common, Roman,

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 or other code of law.

For customs purposes, the party who

makes (or on whose behalf an agent or
broker makes) the export declaration.
Exporters Exportadores.
The exporter sells its goods to
someone in another country, known as
the importer.
Ability of a firm or a nation to offer
products and services that meet the
quality standards of the local and world
Competitiveness Competitividad. markets at prices that are competitive
and provide adequate returns on the
resources employed or consumed in
producing them.

Increase in a country's productive

capacity, as measured by comparing
gross national product (GNP) in a year
with the GNP in the previous year.
Increase in the capital stock, advances
in technology, and improvement in the
Economic Desarrollo quality and level of literacy are
growth económico. considered to be the principal causes
of economic growth. In recent years,
the idea of sustainable development
has brought in additional factors such
as environmentally sound processes
that must be taken into account in
growing an economy.

Money committed or property acquired

Investment Inversión.
for future income.

Voluntarily arrangement in which two

or more entities engage in a mutually
beneficial exchange instead of
Cooperation Cooperación. competing. Cooperation can happen
where resources adequate for both
parties exist or are created by their
interaction.

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 Process of converting scientific and
Technology Transferencia
technological advances into
transfer de tecnología.
marketable goods or services.

The part of national economy made up

of private enterprises. It includes the
personal sector (households) and
Private sector Sector privado. corporate sector (companies), and is
responsible for allocating most of the
resources within an economy. See also
public sector.

An individual who commits money to

investment products with the
expectation of financial return.
Generally, the primary concern of an
Investors Los inversores. investor is to minimize risk while
maximizing return, as opposed to a
speculator, who is willing to accept a
higher level of risk in the hopes of
collecting higher-than-average profits.

An agreement between states, regions,

or countries, to reduce barriers to trade
between the participating regions. The
Los bloques most well-known trade bloc is NAFTA,
Trade blocs
regionales. between the United States, Canada,
and Mexico. Some opponents of trade
blocs believe that such agreements are
detrimental to global free trade.

Stage in an economic cycle in which

conditions of relatively low-
Prosperity Prosperidad. unemployment and high total income
prevail, leading to high purchasing
power (if the inflation rate is kept low).

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 It is a document summarizing the
Technical data performance and other technical
/specification Ficha técnica. characteristics of a product, machine,
sheet component, material, a subsystem or
software in sufficient detail to be used.

A duty rate typically refers to the

amount of money owed to the customs
Tarifas
Duty rates collectors for each unit of imported
arancelarias.
goods, such as dollars per pound of
fruit, or per hundred tires, or per unit.

The method by which a customs officer

Custom Valoración determines the customs value. When
valuation aduanera. this method is biased against
importing, it becomes an NTB.

The descriptive name attached to a

Partida
Tariff heading tariff line, indicating the product to
arancelaria.
which it applies.
It is when customs, an authority or
agency in a country responsible for
collecting and safeguarding customs
Liquidation Liquidación. duties, determines the final
computation or ascertainment of the
duties or drawback accruing on an
entry.
Nontariff barrier: Any policy that
interferes with exports or imports other
Barreras no
NTB than a simple tariff, prominently
arancelarias.
including quotas and voluntary export
restraints.

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 2. Simple present and present progressive

Simple present

This tense is commonly used for habits, routines and for things that always
happen:

 I go to the laboratory at 8:00 a.m.

 She prefers to eat oatmeal for breakfast.

 The sun rises every day.

There are some verbs which are commonly used in simple present:

 Believe.
I believe in God.

 Know.
She knows everything about cars.

 Cost.
This product costs $2000.

 Like.
We like classic music.

 Understand.
He doesn‟t understand Math.

Also, there are some key words to say that the sentence is written in simple
present:

 Always.

 Never.

 Usually.

 Sometimes.

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 Often.

 Rarely/seldom.

 Occasionally.

 Frequently.

 Every day/year etc.

 Once a week.

 In the morning, evening, etc.

 At night.

 All the time.

 Regularly.

 Normally.

Affirmative form

Pronoun/noun Verb Complement

We produce shoes
She writes poems

For she, he, it, the –s is added.

 For verbs ending in –sh, –ch, -x, -ss, -o, -z.

Go Goes
Catch Catches
Wash Washes
Fix Fixes
Kiss Kisses
Buzz Buzzes

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 For verbs ending in consonant + y.

Marry Marries
Carry Carries
Study Studies
Worry Worries

 For verbs ending in vowel + y.

Play Plays
Enjoy Enjoys
Say Says

 Other verbs.

Take Takes
Come Comes
Hit Hits
Read Reads

Examples:

o I study the budget for the company.

o He studies the budget for this year.

o We plan to buy a new brand car.

Negative form

Noun - pronoun Auxiliary+ neg Verb Complement

She/He/ It does not Work for us.
We/I/You/They do not produce toys.

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Examples:

 He doesn‟t speak Chinese.

 You don‟t speak Chinese.

 We don‟t speak Chinese.

 I don‟t speak Chinese.

 She doesn‟t speak Chinese.

 They don‟t speak Chinese.

Important: The –s is only added in the affirmative form.

Interrogative form

Auxiliary Noun - pronoun Verb Complement

Do You/I/We/They/ speak Chinese?
Does She/He/It work here?

Examples:

 Do you organize the meetings?

Yes, I do /No I don’t.

 Do they organize the meetings?

Yes, they do / No, they don’t.

 Do we organize the meetings?

Yes, we do / No, we don’t.

 Does he organize the meetings?

Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t.

 Does she organize the meetings?

Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t.

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Present progressive

This tense is used for action happening at the moment someone is speaking.

 In this moment, employees are having lunch.

 Now she is working in the lab.

 Look! The sun is rising!

Key words for present progressive:

 Now.

 At the moment.

 At present.

 This morning/evening, etc.

 Today/tonight.

 Nowadays.

 Look! Listen! (At the time of espeaking).

This tense has the next structure:

Noun- Pronoun To be Verb-ing Complement

She/He/It Is working at home
I Am living In USA
We/They/You Are producing cookies

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There are some rules to add the –ing:

 The basic rule is just adding the –ing.

Work Working
Play Playing
Assist Assisting
Be Being

 Verbs ending in consonant + stressed vowel + consonant.

Stop Stopping
Run Running
Begin Beginning

 When the last syllable is not stressed, the last rule does not apply.

Open Opening

 Verbs ending in –ie.

Lie Lying
Die Dying

 Verbs ending in –e.

Come Coming
Produce Producing
Mistake Mistaking
Have Having

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Affirmative form

Noun - Pronoun To be Verb+ing Complement

She is playing tennis.
We are packing shoes.

Examples:

 I am writing letters.

 You are writing letters.

 We are writing letters.

 They are writing letters.

 She is writing letters.

 He is writing letters.

Negative form

Noun - Pronoun To be + neg Verb Complement

She is not/ isn‟t playing tennis
We are not/ aren‟t packing shoes

Examples:

 I „m not/am not writing letters.

 You aren‟t/ are not writing letters.

 We aren‟t/ are not writing letters.

 They aren‟t/ are not writing letters.

 She isn‟t/is not writing letters.

 He isn‟t/is not writing letters.

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Interrogative form

To be Noun - Pronoun Verb Complement

Is she playing tennis.
Are we packing shoes.

Examples:

 Are you writing letters?

Yes, I am / No I’m not.

 Are we writing letters?

Yes, we are / No, we aren’t.

 Are they writing letters?

Yes, they are / No they aren’t.

 Is she writing letters?

Yes, she is / No, she isn’t.

 Is he writing letters?
Yes, he is / No, he isn’t.

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 References

 Alexander, L. (1990). Longman English Grammar Practice. Consultado el 08 de

noviembre de 2016, en https://english4u.com.vn/

 Pixabay. (2014). Barco de contenedores. Consultado el 08 de noviembre de

2016, en https://pixabay.com

 Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA). (s.f.). Vocabulary Foreign Trade

Process. Armenia, Colombia: Autor.

 Zandvoort, R. (1976). A Handbook of English Grammar. (7th ed.). London,

England: Longman Group Ltd.

Control del documento

Nombre Cargo Dependencia Fecha

Centro de Servicios
Autor Ismari Herrera Experta Empresariales y Julio de
Jerez técnica Turísticos. 2016
Regional Santander
Guionista - Centro
Luz Clarena Noviembre
Adaptación línea de Agroindustrial.
Arias González de 2016
producción Regional Quindío

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