Nombre de los responsables de la evidencia:

MIGUEL ANGEL ALVARADO CARABALI

LUZ ELENA MICOLTA

Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Tener los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para comprender las normas y
pasos a seguir, sino que es necesario saber comprender y extraer los aspectos
más importantes de cada texto. Sobre el tema existe un buen número de
materiales en inglés, de los cuales se puede obtener información relevante para lo
cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax
liability, and other important considerations. Each form of business
organization has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the
entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals of the
entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate business
organization is a task that requires accounting and legal expertise and
should be done with the advice of a competent attorney or accountant.

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole

proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No

separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and
requires little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of
the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors
need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C,
Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.
 3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations
versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought
to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, de por lo menos 15 palabras

junto con su respectivo significado en español.
Word Meaning
structure estructura
sufficient suficiente
disadvantage suficiente
business negocio
however sin embargo
running corriendo
proprietorship propiedad
accounts cuentas
death muerte
 disability discapacidad
operational Operacional
calendar calendario
examine examinar
entrepreneur empresario
decisions decisiones

3. Escriba las ideas principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés.

 The individual companies are governmental

 The sole proprietors are simple and lows in costs
 The ower has total control over the finances and other assets.
 The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rate
 Because of the unlimited liability it is recomented to choose a Good
insurance to avoid personal financial ruin.
 The director controls all export and import operations

4. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

The owner has full control over finances and other assets Compared to
other forms, it is poorly regulated by the government As a sole proprietor.

It is important to choose the right business form. In the following selection,

you read about sole proprietorships: a company with everything and
operated by a single person. An advantage is that it is easy to maintain and
organize because the registration procedures are cheap and require almost no
government approval.

Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will
apply different processes why you should know what you should apply to have
greater knowledge and not have legal consequences in the environment even
with a single administrator or boss immediately co-author all the legal health and
tax aspects for a better export or import in order to provide the company with
better quality and good recognition at the international level and to conquer or
reach large countries for its advertising and industry growth.

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de

formación “Using simple present and progressive to export” asociado a esta
actividad de aprendizaje.
Esta evidencia es GRUPAL

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Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un texto técnico en
inglés.