ACTIVIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 15: EVIDENCIA 5: SUMMARY «EXPORT-

IMPORT THEORY”

PRESENTADO POR:

DARWIN ADRIAN BEDOYA CONTRERAS

PRESENTADO A:

ALEXANDRA SANCHEZ AREVALO

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA

TEC.GESTION LOGISTICA

2022
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability,
and other important considerations. Each form of business organization has
its own advantages and disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select
the one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business.
Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that requires
accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a
competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole

proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No

separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and
requires little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of
the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors
need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C,
Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought
to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

 o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.

1. Whether: Conjunction. If, or not. Used especially in reporting questions and

expressing doubts.

2. Liability: Noun. The fact that someone is legally responsible for something.

3. Entrepreneur: Noun. Someone who starts their own business, especially when
this involves seeing a new opportunity.

4. Fulfill: Verb. To do something that is expected, hoped for, or promised, or to

cause it to happen.

5. Attorney: Noun. A lawyer.

6. Sole proprietorship: Noun. A business that is owned and operated by only

one person.

7. Profit: Noun. Money that is earned in trade or business after paying the costs
of producing and selling goods and services.

8. Offset: Verb. To balance one influence against an opposing influence, so that

there is no great difference as a result.

9. Taxable income. Noun. the part of someone's earnings or a company's profits

that is used to calculate how much tax is owed after allowing for particular
amounts that are free of tax.

10. Exempt: Verb. To excuse someone or something from a duty, payment, etc.

11. Insurance. Noun. An agreement in which you pay a company money and they
pay your costs if you have an accident, injury, etc.
12. Loan: Noun. an amount of money that is borrowed, often from a bank, and has
to be paid back, usually together with an extra amount of money that you have
to pay as a charge for borrowing.

13. Lack: Noun. the fact that something is not available or that there is not enough
of it.

14. Ownership: Noun. The fact that you own something

15. Afford: Verb. to be able to buy or do something because you have enough
money or time

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se
puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas

principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

The entrepreneur selects the business
The entrepreneur is selecting the
that best fulfills him and the business
business that best fulfills him and the
goals according to its legal form orbusiness goals according to its legal
structure. from or structure.
You find different forms of businessYou are finding different forms of
organizations. business organizations.
A sole proprietorship is a firm thatA sole proprietorship is a firm that is
owns and operates one individual. owning and operating by one individual
Business as a sole proprietorship isBusiness as a sole proprietorship is
easy to organize, simple to control,easy to be organizing, simple to be
inexpensive and requires little or no
controlling, inexpensive and is
government approval. requiring little or no government
approval.
The owner makes all operational and The owner is making all operational
management decisions concerning the management decisions concerning the
business, that makes them more business, that is making them more
flexible to manage. flexible to manage
 Sole proprietorships are subject to
minimal government regulations
versus other business concerns.
The owner of a sole proprietorship tax
as an individual.
The major disadvantage of runs an
export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited
liability.
Sole proprietorships are being subject
to minimal government regulations
versus other business concerns.
The owner of a sole proprietorship is
taxing as an individual.
The major disadvantage of running an
export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited
liability.

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

There are different form of business organizations where the entrepreneur has to
select the business that best fulfills his goals and the business goals according to
the business legal forms or structure. One of them is sole proprietorship. Sole
proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. Business as a sole
proprietorship is easy to organize, simple to control, inexpensive and requires little
or no government approval. The owner makes all operational and management
decisions concerning the business, that makes them more flexible to manage. Sole
proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations versus other
business concerns. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at
a rate lower than the corporate income tax rate and also, they are allowed to
establish tax retirement accounts. The major disadvantage of running an export-
import concern as a sole proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. Also very
few individuals have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business so it
can terminate upon the death or disability of the owner

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de

formación “Using simple present and progressive to export” y el material
complementario asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su preferencia y envíe el

archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en
formato .doc o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el botón "Ver Evidencia".

2. Adjuntar el archivo el cual debe estar previamente guardado en el equipo.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de
aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades
propuestas, saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas correctamente.
 Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un texto técnico en
inglés.