ACTIVIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 15

EVIDENCIA 5: SUMMARY “EXPORT-IMPORT THEORY”

APRENDIZ: LUIS ALEJANDRO LEÓN CUESTA

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE-SENA REGIONAL CHIA

CENTRO AGROINDUSTRIAL
TECNÓLOGO GESTIÓN LOGÍSTICA (2330185)
FACATATIVA CUNDINAMARCA 2022
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada
texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación en
inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability,
and other important considerations. Each form of business organization has
its own advantages and disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select
the one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business.
Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that requires
accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a
competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole

proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No

separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships are
as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and requires
little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of the business
name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors need to keep
accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss statement for the
business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue
Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar year and can use the
cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations versus

other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate lower

than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import business
can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other sources. Sole
proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt retirement accounts.
(Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought to
protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the owner
may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the death or
disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?
RTA. It is not about having the intention of being the sole owner of the
company in case of export and import, but there are companies that use this
method and they are sole proprietorships.

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

RTA. The entrepreneur needs to have experience

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

RTA. The sole proprietorship structure

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?
RTA. The individual entrepreneur way
  Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?
RTA. The structure of sole proprietorships

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

RTA. The importance is to protect the company against possible debts or
obligations

 Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).
RTA. The structure of the sole proprietorship

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.

 EXPORT: is any good or service sent outside the national

territory. Exports are the set of goods and services sold by a country in
foreign territory for use. Together with imports, they are an essential
tool for national trade.

 ATTORNEY: Person legally authorized to advise and defend the rights

and interests of another person in legal matters and represent it in a
lawsuit.

 LEGAL ENTITY is the term used to refer to individuals, corporations, or

other types of organizations that are legally authorized to own property,
enter into commercial contracts or agreements, and conduct business
transactions.

 JUDGMENT: Faculty of understanding, by virtue of which man can

distinguish good from evil and true from false.

 TAX is a kind of tribute governed by public law, which is characterized by

not requiring a direct or determined consideration by the tax
administration.
  ENTREPRENEUR: is a person who identifies an opportunity and,
knowing the risks, undertakes the action of organizing the
necessary resources to become the creator or founder of a company or
business.

 PROPERTY OR DOMAIN: is a direct and immediate power over a thing,

which attributes to its owner the ability to enjoy and dispose of the thing
without more limitations than those established by law.

 RETURNS: The return is the act of giving something back to someone. Itis
a process that is based on a right of possession of a certain person with
respect to a certain good that was delivered with some type
of specific objective.

 MANAGING implies optimizing the use of scarce resources through the

tasks of planning, organization, execution and control.

 SOCIETY refers to a polysemy concept that designates a particular type of

grouping of individuals that occurs both among humans and among some
animals.

 KNOWLEDGE: is the familiarity, awareness or understanding of

someone or something, such as facts, skills or objects.

 IMPORTS are the transport of goods and services from abroad, which are
acquired by a country to distribute them within it.

 GOVERNMENT is the main pillar of the State; the authority that directs,
controls and administers its institutions, which consists of the general
political conduct or exercise of the executive power of the State.

 BUSINESS: is to carry out a project or set up an activity that carries out

commercial operations, buying and selling merchandise or services.

 COMPANY is an organization or institution dedicated to activities

that seek economic or commercial benefit.

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se puede
encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.
4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas
principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga transcripción
literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a presente
progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

The individual companies are
Individual companies are being
government. government.
The director controls all export and
The director is controlling all export
import operations. and import operations.
The owners are in charge of making all
The owners are being in charge of
the decisions. making all the decisions.
There are different types ofDifferent types of business
business organizations. organizations are emerging.
The sole proprietors are simple andSole proprietors are being simple
low in costs. and inexpensive.
Method to start a business Methods for them to be putting
a business in place.
The individual owners have a lower Individual owners are having a lower
rate than the tax rate. rate than the tax rate.

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

How to conduct an export and import business is very important for the company
considering the different types of business organizations, since, the director controls
all the export and import operations within the processes, where individual owners
are simple and low cost, thus, taking all the decisions in front of the company.
Individual companies are governmental and have a lower rate than the tax rate, thus
carrying the responsibility of the business.

We know that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will apply
different processes so you should know what to implement to lead to have a
greater knowledge and not have legal consequences in the future in
the environment, even with a single administrator or chief immediately co-author of
all legal aspects of health and taxes for better export or import in order to provide the
company with better quality and good recognition internationally and to conquer or
reach large countries for their advertising and growth of the industry.
Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de
formación “Using simple present and progressive to export” y el material
complementario asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su preferencia y envíe el

archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en formato .doc
o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de

aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades propuestas,
saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas correctamente.