THE NOUN

TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW: part of speech, person (first, second, third), number
(singular/plural), case forms (the common case and the genitive case), gender (masculine, feminine
and neuter), morphological composition, simple nouns, derived nouns and compound nouns,
common and proper nouns, collective nouns, class nouns, abstract nouns, nouns of materials,
countable and uncountable nouns.

STRUCTURES YOU NEED TO USE:

The noun is _____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
According to their morphological composition nouns can be divided into simple nouns, derived
nouns and compound nouns.
Nouns can be grouped into a small number of classes which differ in meaning and grammatical
behaviour.
Proper nouns are_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Common nouns are _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
There are different groups of common nouns: class nouns, collective nouns, nouns of material and
abstract nouns.
Class nouns denote/ refer to persons or things belonging to a class. They are countables and have
two numbers: singular and plural. They are generally used with an article (animal, tree).
Collective nouns denote/ refer to_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Nouns of material denote/ refer to____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Abstract nouns denote/ refer to ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Common nouns are further subdivided into countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable common nouns refer to entities which can be counted: they have both a singular and a
plural form (a table, two tables, etc.).
Uncountable common nouns refer to something which cannot be counted. They do not vaiy for
number, cannot occur with the indefinite article, but they allow a contrast between indefinite and
definite
For example /instance, …
________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Morphological Categories of Nouns
The noun has the following morphological characteristics:
1. Nouns that can be counted have two numbers: singular and plural (e.g. singular: a table, plural:
tables).
2. Nouns denoting living beings (and some nouns denoting lifeless things) have two case forms: the
common case and the genitive case.
3. In accordance with their meaning nouns may be classed as belonging to the masculine, feminine
and neuter gender.

Find a proverb/saying/quote of a famous person with nouns. Explain its meaning.

________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Ex. 1. Read the following sentences and situations. Define the nouns and characterized them
(morphological composition and morphological categories). Translate into Ukranian.
1) However, I want to get it down in any way before they take us again to the death-house,
because it is my conviction that just as soon as the court refuses a new trial to us they will take us
there. (Nicola Sacco)
2) If I stopped hunger strike the other day, it was because there was no more sign of life in me.
(Nicola Sacco)
3) I knew that and what here I am going to tell you will touch your sensibilities, but don’t cry
Dante, because many tears have been wasted, as your mother’s have been wasted for seven years,
and never did any good. (Nicola Sacco)
4) I am sure that from what your mother told me about what you said during these last terrible
days when I was lying in the iniquitous death-house — that description gave me happiness because
it showed you will be the beloved boy I had always dreamed. (Nicola Sacco)
5) Dante, when I said three human lives buried, I meant to say that with us there is another
young man by the name of Celestino Maderios that is to be electrocuted at the same time with us.
(Nicola Sacco)
6) They are hybrid creatures, neither gay like butterflies nor somber like their own species.
(Virginia Woolf)
7) Many countries are, of course, struggling with budget deficits. (Olof Palme)
8) We may deal with them, practically speaking, in different ways, but they remain the same.
(Olof Palme)
9) When his feet were dry he put on only the linen socks and left. (Barry Lopez)
10) He ate and looked out across the desert and imagined that he had come to life again. (Barry
Lopez)
11) This is the moment for the traditional florid cadenza to mark Will’s first glimpse of London.
(Anthony Burgess)
12) The streets were narrow, cobbled, slippery with the slime of refuse. (Anthony Burgess)
13) Nobody drank water and tea had not yet come in. (Anthony Burgess)
14) The Queen herself was one of the great dancers of the age. (Anthony Burgess)
15) It was late and every one had left the café except an old man who sat in the shadow the
leaves of the tree made against the electric light. (Ernest Hemingway)
16) The two waiters inside the café knew that the old man was a little drunk, and while he was a
good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they kept
watch on him. (Ernest Hemingway)
17) The street light shone on the brass number on his collar. (Ernest Hemingway)
18) The old man sitting in the shadow rapped on his saucer with his glass. (Ernest Hemingway)
19) The waiter took the brandy bottle and another saucer from the counter inside the café and
marched out to the old man’s table. (Ernest Hemingway)
20) “Finished,” he said, speaking with that omission of syntax stupid people employ when
talking to drunken people. (Ernest Hemingway)
21) You put in an early appearance,” the girl said, and the woman who had rung the bell came
into the hall. (Kay Boyle)
22) “Sometimes I have to stand out there in the hall with my hat and coat on, waiting for the
sitting parents to turn up,” the girl said, and, as she turned on the water in the sink, the contempt she
had for them hung on the kitchen air. (Kay Boyle)
23) Ever since then the scientific community, with exceptions, has looked down its nose at
suggestion that ions affect human health and behavior. (Walter Sullivan
24) Much of the early research on this subject was conducted in Israel, where the sharav has a
marked effect. (Walter Sullivan)
25) These winds, in addition to the foehn, sharav and Santa Ana, include and chinook of the
Pacific Northwest, the sirocco of Italy, the ghibli of Libya and the zonda of the Argentine Andes.
(Walter Sullivan)
26) He and his colleagues are now conducting tests with rats to determine the effects on brain
and behavior of various ion doses and lengths of exposure. (Walter Sullivan)
27) The volunteers were unaware of the generator’s role. (Walter Sullivan)
28) It involves plunging one hand into cold water while electrodes attached to the palm of the
other hand record changes in its electrical conductivity. (Walter Sullivan)
29) The great philosopher dismisses this on the ground that the possessions one acquires bear no
meaningful relation to the possessors. (Jerome Bruner)
30) Always too busy: feeding the cattle fixing the fences, putting up salt-lick shelters, throwing
down hay. (Alice Walker)

Ex.2. Comment on the morphological composition of the following nouns.

Ox, painkiller, princess, teacup, magazine, playground, teacher, equality, pressure, mother-in-law,
spoonful, supporter, enthusiasm, ex-president, policeman, smelling-salt, mother-of-pearl, snowball,
passer-by, usefulness, face, sugar-tongs, reason, sister-in-law, typewriter, misunderstanding,
handful, humanity, banknote, eyebrow, freedom, economics, discoveryadmiration, morality,
decoration, starvation, activity.

Ex.3. Divide the following nouns into hvo groups: a) nouns used only in the singular; b) nouns
used only in the plural.
Stairs, news, information, knowledge, oats, opera-glasses, clothes, wages, scales, progress, money,
hair, contents, margins, people, fruit, fighting, love, friendship, goods, advice, Phonetics, thongs,
spectacles, sugar, scissors, trousers, billiards, Mathematics, Chemistry, curtains, jeans.

Ex.4. Divide the following nouns into three groups: a) countable; b) uncountable; c) nouns
that can be both countable and uncountstole,
Coal, paper, book, idea, kindness, library, power, brick, stone, law, lront, watch, influence, beauty,
hour, sadness, wine, speech, animal, oil, information, story, sand, vegetable, entertainment, glass,
land, education, experience, government, country, genius, sky, feeling, emotion, generosity.

Ex.5. Give the plural fori of the following nouns.

Glass, photo, house, box, solo, city, custom-house, hero, fly, bed, clock, echo, bridge, bench,
mouth, potato, goose, knife, cuckoo, roof, hotel-keeper, piano, wife, man, smile, muff, child, nose,
hat, proof, ox, brush, cap, mouse, month, cargo, army, flower, key, thief, half, play, woman, pin,
bee, family, prize, forget-me-not.

Ex.6. Give the singular form of the following nouns

Beds, bridges, horses, days, families, tomatoes, leaves, wolves, deer, men, teeth, bases, sheep, ships,
noses, chiefs, stories, toys, factories, heroes, prizes, dishes, classes, books, rivers, wa swine, geese,
mouths, wharves, pence, means, mothers-in-law, house-keepers, crises, data, buses, foxes, cases,
pianos, gentlemen, jokes, mice, oxen, fish, merry-go-rounds, enemies.

Ex.7. Give the plural form of the following nouns.

Fish, memorandum, face, handkerchief, phenomenon, penny, safe, finger, country, trout, pie, fox,
louse, foot, book, life, scarf, dove, shelf, fly, beauty, Negro, valley, school, kiss, key, shirt, dozen.

Ex.8. Give the plural form of the following nouns in case they have it.
Mouse, house, news, country, potato, furniture, knife, child, sheep, foot, man, bed, donkey,
knowledge, roof, classroom, sister-in-law, luggage, fly, tooth, thief, safe, rice, weather, cargo, hair.

Ex. 9. Give the singular form of the following nouns in case they have it.
Armchairs, schools, pyjamas, children, data, clothes, wages, scissors, glasses, skirts, shorts, keys,
valleys, brushes, leaves, pianos, breeches, women, fish, goods, wives, centuries, ages, houses, teeth.

Ex. 10. Give the feminine of the following nouns.

Ram, stag, boar, prince, actor, waiter, lion, man, boy, landlord, policeman, widower, bull, king,
host, nephew, husband, brother, son, hero, gander, drake, stallion, fox, buck, dog.

Ex. 11. Give the masculine of the following nouns.

Daughter, tigress, hen, mother-in-law, stewardess, girl, niece, heroine, vixen, doe, ewe, mare, duck,
goose, bitch, cow, sister, grandmother, aunt, schoolgirl, headmistress, hind, sow, poetess, actress.

Ex.12. Form the plurals of the compounds:

1. attorney general; 2. notary public; 3. passer-by; 4. assistant director; 5, boy friend; 6. grown-up;
7. sit-in; 8. take-off; 9. forget-me-not; 10. cover-up; 11. show-off; 12. looker-on; 13. bird of prey;
14. comrade-in-arms; 15. bride-to-be; 16. man-of-war; 17. fountain pen; 18. breakdown; 19. stand-
by; 20. spoonful; 21. summing-up; 22. tooth brush; 23. postman; 24. commander-in-chief.

Ex.13. Give the plural form of the following nouns.

Addendum, album, analysis, apex, appendix, aquarium, axis, bacillus, bacterium, basis, bonus,
cactus, campus, circus, codex, corpus, crisis, criterion, curriculum, desideratum, diploma, diagnosis,
electron, ellipsis, erratum, formula, genus, hypothesis, index, libretto, matrix, medium,
memorandum, metropolis, neutron, nucleus, oasis, ovum, parenthesis, phenomenon, proton, radius,
solo, stimulus, stratum, syllabus, symposium, synopsis, terminus, thesis, vertex, veto, virtuoso,
vortex.

Ex.14. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below using the verb to be in singular or plural.
1. The scissors _______ sharp. 2. Measles _______ quite serious. 3. Mathematics _______ difficult
for many people. 4. The tights _______ pretty expensive. 5. The pants _______ quite worn-out. 6.
Their politics _______ complicated. 7. Mumps _______ said to be pretty dangerous. 8. Braces
_______ absolutely necessary here. 9. The clothes _______ really smart. 10. The billiards _______
interesting, and the draughts _______ exciting. 11. Diabetes _______ painful. 12. The surroundings
_______ pleasant. 13. The archives _______ important. comfortable. 14. The premises _______
comfortable. 15. The outskirts _______ wretched. 16. Shingles _______ infectious. 17. Cards
_______ popular with many people. 18. The summons _______ issued. 19. Youth
________reckless. 20. The hangings _______ striped. 22. The statistics _______ inaccurate. 23.
The pajamas _______ loose. 24. The cattle _______ thoroughbred. 25. The committee _______
unanimous. 26. The family _______ amiable. 27. The people _______troublesome. 28. The
majority _______ against the project. 29. The crowd _______ violent. 30. The herd
_______branded with the letter B.

Ex.15. If a word in bold is correct, put a tick. If it is in the wrong sentence, write the correct
word on the line.
1. I'm off to the newsagent'’s to get a pair of chocolate. Do you want anything_______
2. Could you get me a flock of chewing gum when you go to the shops? _______
3. I think I'll have another herd of toast. _______
4. Just add a breath of milk if the mixture starts to get a bit dry. _______
5. I'm popping out for a pack of fresh air. Do you want to come? _______
6. There was a block of cows being taken down the lane for milking, and it took us ages to get
by. _______
7. You said you wanted to get a new bar of trousers, didn’t you? _______
 8. Get us a bunch of bread when you go to the shops, won't you? _______
9. I was thinking of getting Jill a blade of flowers for our anniversary. Do you think that’s
romantic? _______
10. There was a really strong drop of wind and it blew a man’s wig off! _______
11. My mum's so houseproud; there’s never a gust of dust anywhere in the house. _______
12. Could you cut me off a small slice of that cheese? _______
13. That speck of birds will be migrating south for the winter, I'd imagine. _______
14. Since we got the goat, there’s not a loaf of grass longer than about two centimetres!
_______
15. We do like a nice bit of steak every now and again, don’t we, Francis?_______
16. How heavy’s that sheet of concrete, would you say? _______
17. We'll give you a set of keys and a security pass. _______
18. There’s not a grain of truth in what she said. _______
19. Is one piece of sugar enough? _______
20. I'll tear you off a lump of paper if you're going to take notes. _______

Ex.16. Choose the correct words in italics. If both options are possible, choose both.
Snow Falling on Cedars
by David Guterson
This novel (0) open/opens in the courthouse of San Piedro, a small sleepy island off the Pacific
coast of the north-west United States. Underneath the courtroom windows, four tall narrow arches
of (1) leaded / a leaded glass, (2) drama /a drama which will divide the island’s communities (3) is /
are unfolding. The defendant stands erect in the dock; the local press and the jurors await the start
of this trial. Kabuo Miyamoto is accused of the murder of Carl Heine, a young fisherman. The
alleged crime by a young man of Japanese descent stirs up the emotions of the islanders and
questions their beliefs and their politics. It takes place in the 1950s – not many years (4) has / have
passed since the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbour and the horrors of World War II. Although the
Japanese on San Piedro 5) was / were eager to defend their adopted country against the country of
their ancestors, a number of people in the community (6) was / were unable to forgive Japan its role
in the war, and the trial causes their deeply-held prejudices to surface. . ‘Snow Falling on Cedars’
(7) is / are not only one of the best mysteries of recent years, it also raises issues which affect us all.
However, it ends with (8) great / a great optimism. David Guterson has succeeded in combining the
best from both classic and populist American (9) literatures / literature into (10) spellbinding / a
spellbinding work of art. Buy and read this beautiful novel.

Ex.16. Fill in the table below like in the example.

ANIMAL MALE FEMALE YOUNG GROUP
Cattle bull cow calf herd
Bee
Cat
Goose

Goat
Chicken
Lion
Fox
Tiger

Horse
Dog
Sheep
 Duck
Pig

Ex.17. Translate from Ukrainian into English.

1. Усі були раді побачити королеву під час прийому: 2. У цьому
монастирі колись жили монахи — чоловіки, жіночого монастиря у цьому
районі не було. 3. Жінку, в якої помер чоловік, називають вдовою. 4. Було
вкрай цікаво побачити жінок-інженерів на такому "чоловічому"
підприємстві. 5. Під час рейсу іх обслуговували дві стюардеси та один
стюард. 6. Пітер любив своїх тітку та дядька більше, ніж батьків. 7. Як
називається літній неодружений чоловік? – Холостяк. 8. А як називається
літня неодружена жінка? - Стара діва. 9. У цій країні найпопулярнішою вважається богиня
кохання. 10. Старенька більше любила, коли уколи їй робив медбрат. 11. Як назива ють
дружину графа? - Графиня. 12. А як називають дружину герцога? - Герцогиня. 13. У старій
сільській лікарні працювали тільки три мсдсестри та літня жінка - лікар. 14. Iноді у цю
церкву приходили помолитися монашки, які жили в монастирі неподалік. 15. Ця поетеса
залишила після себе багато книг. 16. Ніколи ще місто не бачило такої пари, як ці наречений
та наречена. 17. Оратор зазвичай починає свою промову словами "Пані та панове". 18. У
старої було невелике господарство: всього лише один цап та дві кози. 19. Як називають
тварину чоловічого роду великої рогатої худоби? - Бик. 20. А як називають тварину жіночого
роду? - Корова. 21. До початку прийому господар та господиня зустрічають гостсй на порозі
будинку. 22. Головними героями цієї повісті є дружина ювеліра та її сестра. 23. На вході до
кінотеатру стояла білетерка і перевіряла квитки. 24. Деяким подобається, коли іх
обслуговують офіціантки, а іншим -
коли працюють офіціанти. 25. Начальницею пошти була жінка сорока років. 26. Батько та
мати поета прожили разом до глибокої старості. 27. Bін любив приходити у долину та
спостерігати, як пасуться череди корів та отари овець. 28. Коли хлопчику виповнилося 5
років, йому подарували кошеня. 29. Цей симпатичний молодий чоловік часто міняє подруг.
30. Кажуть, кухар набагато кращий кухарки.

Ex.18. Translate from Ukrainian into English.

А. 1.Економіка - одна з наук, якій приділясться багаго уваги в нашому університеті. 2. Вона
побачила поля, на яких паслись отарн овець, неподалік були бики та гуси 3. У цьому
магазині товар був занадто дорогим. 4. Де мої гроші? Я поклав їх, але зараз не можу знайти.
5. Штаб армії знаходився у лісі, але ніхто не може сказати де саме. 6. Піжама на ньому
просто висіла. Три місяці перебування у лікарні змінили його до невпізнанності. 7. Примірте
ці окуляри. Вони, без сумніву, личать вам. 8. Компанія повинна забезпечити харчування та
проживання туристів під час відвідання визначних пам'яток. 9. Кір - дуже поширена хвороба
серед дітей дошкільного віку. 10. Лорд зберігав архіви, які залишив йому його батько. 11.
Сполучені Штати Америки - це країна, де живуть вихідці з усього світу. 12. У святковий день
уся сім'я зібралася за столом. 13. Електрони - це негативно заряджені частки, що рухаються
навколо ядра. 14. Щоб зрозуміти таку складну ситуацію, треба використати кілька критеріїв
оцінки. 15. "Усі ці вівці - мої", - сердито сказав він. 16. Відомий професор має намір дати дві
серії лекцій про життя комах. 17. Нещодавно коло нашого селища спорудили великий
хімічний завод. 18. Поліцейський намагався змусити розійтися перехожих, які зібралися біля
пошкодженого автомобіля. 19. Ці чудові незабулки подарував мені однокласник. 20.
Найбільш поширені свійські птахи і тварини у наших краях — це гуси, кури та велика рогата
худоба.
В. 1. Помідори - мої улюблені овочі. 2. Уряд стривожений ситуаціею у країні. 3. Його завжди
захоплювала політика. 4. Наприкінці війни по всій країні були створені військово-польові
суди. 5. Публіка палала бажанням дізнатися більше про свого улюбленого актора. 6. У цей
період буржуазія зірала революційну роль у країні. 7. Сніги та морози Сибіру відомі у всьому
світі. 8. Шашки - це гра, що розвиває мислення. 9. Kімната виглядала жахливо. Усюди був
розкиданий одяг. 10. Усі відомості були дуже важливі. 11. Уболівальникам завжди приємно
слухати про успіхи їхньої команди. 12. Фрукти Iспанії експортуються до багатьох країн. 13.
Він показав мені фотокартки свого заміського будинку. 14. Учора я познайомився з кількома
іноземними акторами. Серед них було двос датчан та двоє голландців. 15. Щоб тягнути цього
воза, достатньо двох биків. 15. Miстер Піквік відчинив двері і побачив у кімнаті двох
грабіжників. 17. Генії народжуються в усі часи. 18. Лінійні кораблі були головною ударною
силою під час війни. 19. Я чекав на вас до того, як ворота були зачинені. 20. Щипці для цукру
були занадто великими для її руки.

Ex.19. Make your own sentences according to the model.

Model: population / New York / greater / London
A. The New York's population is greater than London's
B. Yes, the population of New York is greater than that of London.
1.car/John/faster/Peter; 2. memory/the teacher/better/the student; 3.territory/Ukraine/bigger /France;
4. scheme/the director/smarter/ the assistant; 5. business/grandfather/more promising/Mr. Willins;
6. proposals/ Mike/more far reaching/his friend; 7. standard of life/Germans/higher/Ukrainians; 8.
Susan/knowledge/ deeper/her mother; 9. house/Bill/ more beautiful/ his colleague; 10.
resourses/Ukraine/richer/Japan.

Ex.20. Find nine more mistakes in the conversation and correct them.
SOPHIE Who’s coming with us to the exhibition on Saturday?
MAREK Well, apart from me and Kylie, there’s Mike and Sandra, my brother’s-in-law’s /
brother-in-law’s nephew, Paul, and Harry.
SOPHIE Harry? Is he a friend of you?
MAREK No, he’s coming with Paul — he’s a cousin of him.
SOPHIE What’s the exhibition about, anyway?
MAREK It’s an exhibition by the art’s gallery’s new discovery – Stephen Brewer.
SOPHIE Oh yes, I’ve just read an article about him in the local’s paper culture section.
MAREK Yes, it was written by our next-door’s neighbour’s wife – she’s a well-known art critic,
apparently.
SOPHIE OK. It sounds like it might be interesting.
MAREK Great. I thought we might all meet up for lunch first.
SOPHIE Good idea. That French place’s in Green Street reputation is excellent – a colleague mine
told me about it, although I haven’t been there myself.
MAREK Right, let’s try that place then. By the way, will you be coming by car?
SOPHIE Why?
MAREK Well Mike’s and Sandra’s car is in the garage so they need a lift. Could you take them?
They’re neighbours of your, aren’t they?
SOPHIE Yes, they are. OK, I suppose so. Shall we meet at one?
MAREK Fine. I’ll tell the others.

Ex.21. Translate from Ukrainian into English.

1. Це нове видання поем Байрона буде подарунком Джона. 2. Він був
на волосині від смерті, і тільки диво врятувало його. 3. Я не згодний із
рішенням менеджера з фінансових питань. 4. Промова Mіністра
іноземних справ Великої Британії передавалася усіма каналами. 5. Ви
можете відвідати її. Вона живе у п'яти хвилинах ходьби звідси. 6.
Коли ми прийшли, президентська гвардія була вже коло палацу. 7.
Познайомтеся! Це мама Джона і Мері 8. Усі відвідувачі були вдягнені
для вечірньої церемонії. 9. Причиною падіння космічного корабля було тяжіння Мaрса. 10.
Для зручності туристів було побудовано баcейн. О. Територія США набагато більша
території Iспанії. 12. Наказ головнокомандувача було негайно передано. 13. Третій праворуч
- це магазин взуття Стівенсона. 14. Вiрші Байрона та Шеллі вивчаються у школі. 15. Hixто
не міг пояснити поведінку Джейн на вчорашній вечірці. 16. По дорозі додому ми купили
великий букет троянд-улюблених квітів моеї мами. 17. Я вважаю, що чоловіча дружба
набагато міцніша за жіночу. 18. Джек провів тиждень, гостюючи у мicic Bайт. 19 Після
хвилинної нерішучості Джон підійшов до нареченої сказав правду. 20. Будь-який злочин
може бути наслідком суспільного ладу в країні. 21. Де кошенята? - Я віднесла їх до сусідів.
22. Для влаштування на роботу мені не вистачало характеристики начальника відділу кадрів.
23. Знання англійської мови у Сюзан набагато краще, ніж знання Мері. 24. У присутності
поліцейського містер Крамер боявся заговорити зі своїм братом. 25. Населення Лондона з
передмістям становить більше 12 мільйонів. 26. Перерва у 3 години - ось що потрібно після
такої нелегкої праці. 27. У часи Маргарет Тетчер у Великій Британії відбулися великі зміни.
28. Я почув Цю новину від одного з родичів містера Ханта. 29. Усі були впевнені, що це одна
з витівок сина Мері.

Ex.22. Read the text below and use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a
word that fits in the space in the same line. Write your word in the answer boxes provided.
TEXT A.
Choosing the right career to suit your (0) personality (person) that lives
up to your (1) ___________________ (expect) can be rather difficult.
We usually take certain factors into (2) ___________________
(consider) when making such a (3) ___________________ (decide).
First of all, what are the (4) ___________________ (require) of the job?
You need to find out what (5) ___________________ (qualify) are necessary before you hand in
your (6) ___________________ (apply) form. Then, think of your career prospects and consider
whether there is ample (7) ___________________ (opportune) for (8) ___________________
(promote) Finally, you need to decide on the level of (9) ___________________ (responsible) you
would be happy with and whether you will achieve a sense of job (10) ___________________
(satisfy) equal to the work you put in.
TEXT B.
Most people’s political (0) activity (active) is limited to voting in an
(1) ___________________ (elect) every few years. Other, more
committed, people regularly attend (2) ___________________
(demonstrate) about particular issues. Then, there are those who
enter into (3) ___________________ with the (4)
___________________ (politics) who represent them. The may
write with (5) ___________________ (refer) to some national law which concerns them, with a (6)
___________________ (propose) for a change in a party policy or something concerned purely
with local (7) ___________________ (govern) – anything , in fact, which they feel deserves (8)
___________________ (attend) of their Member of Parliament.However, waiting for a reply
requires a lot of (9) ___________________ (patient), and few would expect a profound and
lengthy (10) ___________________ of their original letter.

Ex.23. Find ten more mistakes in the advertisement and correct them.
ART CLASSES FOR ADULTS
Are / Is art your passion?
Are you interested in a drawing, painting or the sculpture?
Would you like to improve your knowledge and skills?
Would you like to experience deep sense of satisfaction you get from creating
your own original work?
At East Hamley College a team of highly qualified tutors are available to help you improve
your technique. We run art classes on Tuesday and Thursday evenings from 6.30 to 9.00. Each
session costs £15 and lasts for two hours with a 30-minute break. We think you'll agree that £15
aren't a lot to pay for over two hours with the personal attention of our art teachers!
 Both the painting and the sculpture classes takes place in the new annexe on Becton Road.
This also has a relaxing café selling a coffee and a range of snacks where you can take a break and
socialise with your fellow students.
You won't need to bring anything with you – we supply paint, papers and any other
materials you need. But wear something that you don’t mind covering in paint – a jeans and an old
shirt is fine.
Every year, the work of our students are exhibited in a local gallery. So, if you're lucky,
your work might get spotted – you could be the next Damien Hirst!
For details and enrolrnent forms contact us on 0330 676750.

PHOTO DESCRIPTION

Picture A Picture B

1. What topic are both photos connected to?

2. How are these pictures similar?
3. How are these pictures different?

Where do you think these pictures are taken?

VIDEO DISCUSSION: Word-Formation

BEFORE YOU WATCH: Read the text below and complete it with correct forms of the
words provided.
What Exactly is Diversity? by Justin Fragapane
In terms of the workplace, diversity refers to an organization ensuring the talent pool they recruit,
retain, and develop is a varied one. This means making efforts so that everything from different
races and ……………(ETHNIC), genders, religions, sexual ……………(ORIENT), and abilities
are all well-represented within your walls. It’s also something that you should view as an
opportunity – not an obligation, or an exercise in political ……………. (CORRECT). It’s about
looking past the notion of ……………. (SIMPLE) employing a diverse group of people, and
instead seeing such initiatives as your organization’s chance to tap into a diverse set of experiences,
backgrounds, world views, and methods of problem-solving.
Your clients and your audience – not to mention the world at large – aren’t ……………
(HOMOGENEITY). after all, so why would it benefit you to build a team that is? But one of the
main things to understand when considering diversity is that it counts for very little without
inclusion – which represents the flip-side of the same coin – and its success begins and ends with
your company’s culture. It’s not just up to HR leaders, but every member of an organization to help
foster a culture of inclusion and …………….(ACCEPT). In relation to diversity, inclusion is
specifically where team managers working on the frontlines ……………(PERSONAL) hold the
greatest sway over how integrated and …………….(RESPECT) each employee feels.

Watch a short video Purl and answer the questions below:

o What is the video about?

o What problem in the workplace does the video show?

https://cutt.ly/zffRSFG

Then watch a short interview with the writer-director of

Purl. Were you right? https://cutt.ly/vffRMHk

 AFTER YOU WATCH: Discuss the following questions:

 What is diversity? What does it mean to you?
 What is inclusion? What does it mean to you?
 What’s the ratio of men and women in the company you work in? Is it above or below the
average for your industry?
 Do you feel that your unique attributes, traits, characteristics, skills, experience and
background are valued at work?
 Do you feel comfortable being yourself at work?
 Do you ever feel left out at work – either when engaging in work activities or socially?
 What successful initiatives or best practices has your organization identified concerning
diversity and inclusion issues?
 How does the composition of your board and management team reflect the environment
where you live?

VIDEO DISCUSSION: The category of number of nouns

BEFORE YOU WATCH: Discuss Discuss the following questions.

 Do you think you generate a lot of plastic waste every month?
 Do you pay attention to the packaging of food and beverages you buy
 Do you dispose of all plastic packaging or do you give it a second life?
 If you give a second life to plastic packaging, which ways do you reuse: plastic bags, plastic
bottles, plastic box, etc.?
 What measures can we take to combat ubiquitous plastic packaging?
 What other materials do you know that are durable and could replace plastic packaging?
 What, in your opinion, is a major impediment to the reduction of plastic packaging?

Watch a short video Can we turn the tide of plastic packaging?

and mark which sentences relate to which company: Nestle,
CupClub or Vegware.:
 a)People can compost all of the products that this company
produces.
b)The company has a three-part strategy to make all their
packaging recyclable or reusable by 2025.
c)Apart from its own role in reducing plastic packaging, the
company recognizes the role of society in that issue.
d)People have protested against this company’s packaging
policy.
e)The material used by this company is more expensive than
plastic.
f)This company uses only recyclable plastics for production.
https://cutt.ly/2fgxVw4

AFTER YOU WATCH: The video you have watched ends with this statement:
“Ingrained business practices, customer habits and the availability of cheaper plastic products
mean the scale of the challenge shouldn't be underestimated”.
Complete the table below with your own ideas about what action companies, customers and
governments can take to reduce their plastic use. The facts below may give you some clues.
•50% of plastic is created for single use. This includes plastic bottles, coffee cup lids and food
packaging.
•Shoppers in the United States use almost 1shopping bag per resident per day. Shoppers in
Denmark use an average of 4 plastic bags a year
•Nearly a million plastic bottles are sold every minute around the world. In 2015, Americans
purchased about 346 bottles per person.
•Unprocessed fruit and vegetables are more and more often sold in packaging. In the Netherlands,
for example, 76% of unprocessed vegetables and 60% of such fruit are sold in packaging.

Companies Customers Government

VIDEO DISCUSSION: Word-formation

BEFORE YOU WATCH: Read this short text and answer two questions below.
Dan Buettner is an author of a bestseller The Blue Zones Solution. The term Blue Zones refers to
places with top longevity, i.e. places where people live the longest and with a high rate of
centenarians (people who are 100 or older). Dan Buettner identifies 5 Blue Zone regions: Sardinia
in Italy, Okinawa in Japan, Loma Linda in California, Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica, and Icariai n
Greece. By observing the lifestyles of people in these places, Buettner’s team has identified critical
everyday choices that contribute to their longevity.
 What are the Blue Zones?
 In your opinion, what factors might contribute to people’s longevity in these places?

Watch a short video Why do the people of the Nicoya

Peninsula live so long? and answer the questions:

o What 4 principles does the interviewer Dr. Sanjay Gupta

list?
 o When in our lives can the chances of having a heart
attack or dying increase dramatically?
o How is volunteering beneficial to our health?
o What steps have been taken to apply the Blue Zones
principles in the Beach Cities?
o What are the results of these lifestyle changes?

https://cutt.ly/bfgcDBU

AFTER YOU WATCH: Form nouns from adjectives in bold and rewrite the sentences so that they
have a similar meaning as the original sentences.

a)To stay flexible, you should stretch at least three times a week.
- To maintain flexibility, you should stretch at least three times a week.
b)As people age, they become increasingly more jealous of money and wealth.
- ______________________________________________________________________________
c)Being curious makes people want, learn and do more.
- ______________________________________________________________________________
d)People who live the longest don’t waste time focusing on the things they’re weak at.
- ______________________________________________________________________________
e)Some people say it’s better to die than to stop being autonomous.
- ______________________________________________________________________________
f)A lot of older people keep going every day because they’re willing to spend time with their
friends and family.
- ______________________________________________________________________________
Discuss the sentences from the exercise. Do you agree or disagree with them?

Writing task
EXTENSION ACTIVITY
A. Choose a page in a magazine, newspaper or a book and make a list of collective nouns,
abstract nouns, compound nouns.
B. Choose 20 words and look them up in a dictionary. Translate them into your language.