Task 5 - Pragmatics

Número de grupo:
518017_12

Nombre del tutor:

Diego German Uribe Cuellar

Nombre del estudiante:

Arlintong Estrada Rivera
December 2021

Universidad Nacional abierta y a distancia-UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación ECEDU
Introduction to Linguistics

1
 a. Regional and Social Dialects
- Introduction.

In general terms, a dialect is the way in which we speak our languages in

different ways, when we say this we are referring to the fact that in different
geographical areas within the same country, locals do not always tend to speak
the same language. It forms the general language of the region, being especially
frequent that in small populations these differences that they possess are
accentuated even more.

However, what exactly are those differences we are talking about? Well, in the
vast majority of cases, changes in the way of speaking the language from place
to place fall mainly on vocabulary and grammar; the vocabulary being
understood as the set of words of a language that people know and use, and
grammar as the norms and rules to speak and write a language correctly, make
dialects contain in themselves a large number of variations that are They become
more and more different as we look at different populations from different
countries.

It should not be confused with the accent, since this is about the articulation of
the voice to highlight, with the pronunciation, a syllable of the word. This
distinction occurs through a greater intensity or thanks to a higher tone, it differs
from dialect because it is considered the way in which a group of people
pronounce a language in addition to the vocabulary and grammatical structures
they use, while the accent it only refers to how a language is pronounced by
either one person or group of people.

In the Colombian context we find a presence of different dialects as a result of

the complex geography of the country, marked by three branches of the Andes
mountain range, which resulted in little access and communication between the
regions. For any Spanish speaker, the Andean dialects and the coastal dialects of
the Caribbean and Pacific are distinguishable. In general terms, the two
Colombian macro-dialects, the coastal ones and the interioran ones, show clear
parallels with the southern and northern dialects of Spain, respectively.

Like most other dialects of Spanish, standard Colombian Spanish has five
vowels: two closed vowels, two middle vowels, and one open vowel. However,
vowel changes, reductions and breaks have occurred in many of the populated
regions of Colombia, particularly in Bogotá and the Paisa region. That means
that, in Colombian Spanish, there may also be an additional number of vowels.

2
- Supporting ideas and examples.

Emphasizing a few examples due to the vast number of them, the first and main
dialect that I will emphasize, because I belong to a community where it is widely
used, is the Costeño dialect. The coastal speech of the Caribbean Region of
Colombia has features similar to the Spanish of Andalusia. This Atlantic
Spanish, more or less extended by the low zones of America, presents the
weakening of the final consonants: the preconsonant -s is made aspirated [h],
coast> kóhta. Among the speakers of some areas there is a phenomenon of
consonant budding: Cartagena> Cattagena, truth> veddá, load> caggá, this
feature is present in Sucre, Córdoba and Bolívar; in Magdalena, Cesar, La
Guajira and the northern half of the Atlantic this feature is absent. Unlike the
rest of Colombia, coastal Spanish makes extensive use of the pronoun tú, except
among strangers or in formal situations. It should be noted that voseo is
combined with tuteo and is relatively common among the natives of the
departments of La Guajira (south) and El Cesar (north): "¿Tú me queréi (s)?"
"Look where you sit (s)".

The Paisa dialect is spoken in the vast majority of the territory of the department
of Antioquia and the typically coffee-growing area, populated by people from
the Paisa region: Risaralda, Quindío, Caldas, northwest of Tolima and the East
and North of Valle del Cauca, Its base is the Castilian of the north of Spain since
a good part of its settlers came from Asturias, Cantabria, Navarra, Aragon and
the Basque Country. This accent is unique in Latin America, although in the
Andean region of Venezuela specifically the municipalities of Trujillo and
Boconó a similar accent is spoken, but the voseo is combined with the ustedeo,
this probably by immigrants from other regions of the country who have settled
in these municipalities for the cultivation of coffee.

Although it is difficult to speak of a single Bogota accent, there are characteristic

features of authentic Bogota or old Cachaco, of a moderate character and quite
linear in accentuation, speech that shows a certain resemblance to Castilian
Spanish. It is also typical of Bogotá, as of the entire interior of Colombia, the
alveolar final -n as in Castilla, the non-confusion or barter of -l and -r, the final
syllable of the last word of the sentence is often pronounced with a Higher tone,
but not louder if it is not the stressed syllable. In older speakers, the distinction
between the lateral palatal phoneme of "pollo" and the semiconsonant of "poyo"
is still heard, although Yeísmo has spread today among almost all speakers of
the capital, even among the most educated speakers. . There is a certain tendency
to use you instead of you among family and friends, although educated speakers
usually use you and you according to the pan-Hispanic norm, while voseo has
no presence, but was used until the 19th century.

3
- Conclusions

It doesn't matter where we're from: we all speak a dialect. There may be adverse
reactions to such an idea: after all, the notion of dialect in the common mind is
associated with an inferior, minority style of speech, without official
endorsement. The truth is that the word dialect is tinged with a negative
connotation; in fact, this is precisely what explains why in official documents it
has been replaced by more neutral ones such as variety or linguistic modality.
But in the language of the specialists, a dialect is, simply and without any
prejudice, a term that is used to designate a variety of language that is shared by
a community; a dialect is the way we speak a language.

APA References

➢ McMahon, A. M. S. (2002). An Introduction to English Phonology. Edinburgh

University
Press. https://drive.google.com/file/d/12V2AdHoNKbfkOaFXPL8Zn176myo0g
y3r/view?usp=sharing

➢ Coxhead, P. (2006). Natural Language Processing & Applications Phones and

Phonemes. [PDF FILE]. https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~pxc/nlp/NLPA-Phon1.pdf

➢ Korta, Kepa and John Perry. (2020). "Pragmatics", The Stanford Encyclopedia
of Philosophy, Edward N.
Zalta (ed.). https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pragmatics/

➢ Muñoz, M. (2020). Language Identity. [Video

File]. https://repository.unad.edu.co/handle/10596/35907