PHY1901

Introduction to Innovative
Projects

FALL SEMESTER–2021∼2022
TE1 SLOT

DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT - 3

Submitted by
Name of the Student:
GANESHANAND A R

Reg. No.: 20BIT0122

B.Tech.(IT)–II Year

Name ofthe School: SITE

Date:07-12-2021
1.What are the biggest challenges to Innovation and how can barriers to
innovation be overcome?

Innovation can be complicated and can sometimes feel like an uphill battle for heads of
innovation at large companies, but that can’t stop you from moving forward in the midst
of constant digital disruption.

Politics/Turf Wars/No Alignment

As a company grows, so does the complexity of its internal politics. This is why smaller
startups often have an easier time innovating than larger corporations.

Implementing a new innovation program can require sweeping internal changes,

meaning that some employee roles will change for the better, and others will change for
the worse.

As such, people begin to think politically when the idea of organized innovation efforts
come up. Those who feel threatened by the change might then actively work to
undermine it.

First, create an environment where people feel comfortable being open and honest. Many
times, people will voice objections to a change, but remain silent on what truly drives
their hesitation. In order to steer clear of rumors, hearsay and personal attacks, make
sure everyone’s cards are on the table in order to even the playing field when advocating
for innovation.
Also, be sure to illustrate how innovation as a whole and individual innovation initiatives
can benefit the company, to pull everyone together on the same team.

Cultural Issues

Risk and innovation go hand-in-hand. As the cliche goes, you can’t make an omelet
without breaking a few eggs.

Innovation will inevitably lead to some failures, and for some businesses, any missteps
are viewed as unacceptable.

This stigma of failure can slow down a company’s innovation processes, and in many
cases even grind them to a halt. Considering that innovation can save a company by
helping them to avoid becoming obsolete, this can be a big issue.

One great way to minimize risk aversion in an innovation program is by optimizing your
proof-of-concept process. While this will not completely eliminate risk, it can allow your
company to make informed decisions that will have a higher rate of success.

Inability to Act on Signals

A large part of enacting an innovative new product, service or procedure is recognizing

the need for the change in the first place.
KPMG states that executives identified the inability to act on signaled market changes as
the third highest obstacle to innovation.

This is how Uber surprised the taxi industry and Airbnb upended the vacation rental
sector. These service companies recognized how their respective industries were failing
to take advantage of the benefits of new technology and changing market demands, and
they innovated to fill that void.

Make sure that your business has a dedicated innovation program with an established
leader at the helm who has experience in the technical and/or business side of innovation,
and the knowledge to recognize relevant trends.

Lack of Budget

As innovation is an ongoing endeavor that often has long-term goals, it can be difficult
to measure its impact. This can lead to a frustrating back-and-forth with those allocating
the company budget because if innovation takes time to deliver, funds may be cut. But if
innovation funds are cut, then it is virtually impossible to deliver.

According to the Harvard Business Review, the key to making your innovation budget a
priority is to start small and to stop thinking about innovation as a one-size-fits-all
undertaking. In the beginning, only start a few projects.

Don’t overextend your resources, but think of it as an investment. Once one of those
smaller projects begins showing results, then you can slowly expand until you have a
thriving innovation culture that cannot be stopped.

Lack of Strategy, Vision

For many companies, the benefits of innovation are well understood. For those
companies, staying relevant is important and they encourage disruption wherever
possible.

However, that can also be part of the problem. Many innovation experts cited a lack of
vision and strategy as one of the biggest issues facing potential innovators.

What companies need to avoid is having several different departments sinking resources
into overlapping issues. It’s a waste of money, and a sure way to prevent any real
innovation because every department will have diverging goals.

A dedicated innovation unit can streamline the innovation process and ensure that
nobody is doubling up on the work and the research.
2.Discuss the various steps for innovation & JUGAAD innovation with an
example.

STEPS FOR INNOVATION

1. Idea Generation and Mobilization

2. Advocacy And Screening
3. Experimentation
4. Commercialization
5. Diffusion And Implementation

JUGAAD INNOVATION

Innovation in the West has become too rigid, insular and bloated to remain effective,
according to Judge Business School’s Navi Radjou, Jaideep Prabhu and Simone Ahuja.
During the recent economic downturn, in particular, once favoured structured approaches
to innovation have failed where agility and differentiation were required. These approaches
do not seem to address the problem of innovating in an environment where there is limited
capital but a lot of creativity. Here is where Jugaad Innovation steps in.

Jugaad is a Hindi term that roughly translates as an improvised arrangement or work-

around, born from ingenuity and the use of scarce resources - also known as ‘frugal
innovation.’ This approach of doing more with less has been instrumental in getting
emerging markets such as India, China and Brazil noticed on the map. Take the successful
efforts of YES Bank in India, which aim to effectively serve the six hundred million
unbanked Indians. Similarly, China’s Nessoft has developed low-cost but high-tech
solutions for rural hospitals to serve low-income patients, such as affordable health
monitoring devices.

There are notable examples of Jugaad-style innovation in the West too, such as the $25
portable baby incubators produced for developing countries by Standford MBA graduate
Jane Chen’s Embrace company. Prabhu also gives the example of Design for America’s
efforts to minimize hospital-acquired infections; in this situation, students simply observed
doctors in a local Chicago hospital and came up with the idea of creating disinfectant
dispensers that can clip onto doctors’ scrubs.
Overall, Jugaad innovation is based on six operating principles:

1. Seek opportunity in adversity;

2. Do more with less;
3. Think and act flexibly;
4. Keep everything about the business simple;
5. Tap the margins of society for employees and customers; and
6. Follow your heart.

The last principle, follow your heart, is an important one. “Passion is crucial to the whole
innovation and entrepreneurship process,” says Prabhu, and even more true in
environments where resources are constrained and there are more challenges related to
development and commercialization.

EXAMPLE

MittiCool, the low cost, biodegradable refrigerator made out of clay is a great
example of jugaad innovation. Creating a product and a new industrial process
with very limited education and capital, flexible thinking that allowed the
innovator to use a millennia old material like clay to create a fridge out of it. And
yes, simplicity that allowed his community to have refrigerated produce and dairy
for the first time ever in an environmentally friendly fashion. Interestingly, many
users of the MittiCool say that food actually tastes better when stored in it as
compared to a regular fridge, because it provides moisture to the food rather than
drying it out.
3.How to write an effective proposal for Innovation in Teaching
Grant/Consultancy Project/Health Sector?

Proposals for new courses or for significant course redesign should be based on
innovative teaching methodologies, development of new teaching materials for active
teaching and learning, and/or new technologies.

The proposal should be approximately three- five typed, double-spaced pages and must
address the following:
1. Description of the need for the design or redesign of the course.
2. Description of the project
3. Teaching innovation, active learning.
4. Impact on learning.
5. Evaluation.
6. Timeline.

 Describe how you expect this project to improve student engagement, student learning
outcomes, and student success.

 Clearly describe the relationship between the proposed activities and the anticipated
student learning outcomes.

 Include a proposed assessment plan that will evaluate the effectiveness of the course or
project on the quality of student learning resulting from the new approach to teaching
developed with this fellowship.

 Multiple methods of evaluation are encouraged.

 Evaluation measures might include midterm assessments, peer reviews, student focus
groups, pre-and post-tests, questionnaires, end of term student ratings, interviews,
samples of student work, reflective student writing, etc.

 Indicate the proposed timeline for the project from the preparation and planning during
the summer period, through actual implementation with students when the course is
taught, and the point at which final assessments and your final report will be completed.

 Please include the percentage of a normal work week (40 hours), during the summer
period that will be devoted to this project.

TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE PROPOSAL

 Demonstrate the implementation of “innovations in teaching and learning” , “active

learning”, “student engagement”, “learning outcomes”, “student success” and “student
retention”

 Include specific examples of what you plan to do

 Establish clear need and rationale

 Support with pedagogy (research on teaching practice)

 Demonstrate how this goes “beyond normal planning”

 Develop clear evaluation procedures

 Address each component in application with focus on the evaluation criteria

 3-5 pages well written