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    Shafeeu Muhammad
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    Python Cheat Sheet

    Uploaded by

    Shafeeu Muhammad

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 1

    Python Language & Syntax Cheat Sheet

    Python is white-space dependent; code blocks are indented 4 spaces (not tabs)
    Variable Assignment Accessing Variable Values
    integer = 1 value = dictionary[key]
    string = “string” value = dictionary.get(key, default_value)
    unicode_string = u”unicode string” value = list[index] e.g. [5,6,7][2] → 7
    mutli_line_string = “““ multi-line value = string[start:end] e.g “string”[0:3] → “str”
    string value = list[start:end] e.g. [1,2,3][1:2] → [2]
    ””” value = ClassName.class_variable
    tuple = (element1, element2, element3, …) value = class_instance.instance_variable
    list = [ element1, element2, element3, ... ] value = class_instance.function(args)
    dictionary = { key1 : value1, key2 : value2, ... }
    dictionary[key] = value Comparisons
    class_instance = ClassName(init_args) value1 == value2 “str” == “str” → True
    value1 != value2 “str” != “str” → False
    Frequently Used Built-in Types value1 < value2 1 < 2 → True
    True False None value1 <= value2 2 <= 2 → True
    str unicode int value1 > value2 2 > 3 → False
    float list dict value1 >= value2 3 >= 3 → True
    Other than True, False and None, these can also be used as value is [not] None
    functions to explicitly cast a value to that type value in list 1 in [2,3,4] → False
    isinstance(class_instance, ClassName)
    Functions
    def function_name(arg1, arg2, Basic Arithmetic
    keyword1=val1, keyword2=val2, ...): i=a+b i=a-b
    <function body> i=a/b i=a*b
    return return_value i=a%b e.g. 11 % 3 → 2
    e.g.
    def my_function(x, y, z=0): my_function(1, 2) → 3 Comments
    sum = x + y + z my_function(1, 2, 3) → 6 """ # Line Comment
    return sum my_function(1, 2, y=4) → 7 Multi-line comment
    """
    Classes
    class ClassName(SuperClass): Control Flow
    class_variable = static_value if conditional: if i == 7:
    def __init__(self, value1, <...>): <body> print “seven”
    self.instance_variable1 = value1 elif conditional: e.g. elif i == 8:
    self.instance_function() <body> print “eight”
    def instance_function(self, arg1, <...>): else: else:
    <function body> <body> print str(i)
    return return_value for value in list: for i in [1, 2, 3, 4]:
    e.g. <body> e.g. if i == 2: continue
    class MyClass(object): MyClass.offset → 1 continue if i == 3: break
    offset = 1 break print i
    def __init__(self, value): c = MyClass(2) while conditional: while True:
    self.value = value c.value → 2 <body> e.g. print “infinity”
    def get_offset_value(self): c.get_offset_value() → 3 continue
    return MyClass.offset + break
    self.value
    Exceptions
    Imports try: try:
    import module <body> database.update()
    from module import class, function, variable raise Exception() e.g. except Exception as e:
    except Exception as e: log.error(e.msg)
    Frequently Used String Manipulations <exception handling> database.abort()
    string1 + string1 “str” + “ing” → “string” finally: finally:
    "%s%s" % (string1, string2) “%s%s” % (“s”, “g”) → “sg” <clean-up> database.commit()
    string.split("delim", limit) “s/g”.split(“/”) → [“s”, “g”]
    string.strip() “ string “.strip() → “string” File & Path Manipulation
    string.startswith("prefix") “str”.startswith(“s”) → True import os # import the os module first
    substring in string “str” in “string” → True os.path.join(path_segment1, path_segment2, ...)
    print string os.path.exists(path)
    os.listdir(directory_path)
    List Comprehension os.remove(file_path)
    [ value for value in list if condition ] os.rmdir(directory_path)
    e.g. file = open(path, "rw")
    [x for x in [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] if x % 2 == 0] → [2,4,6,8] file.read()
    string.write("string")
    by Cottage Labs (http://cottagelabs.com)
    for Dev8D (http://www.dev8d.org/)

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