Classification of chemical reactions

Chemical reactions are categorized by observing what happens to the reactants involved in the reaction
and the type of product formed. As you know, chemical reactions fall into three types:

Bond reaction:

2 When two or more reactants combine to form a single product

General formula: \ rm A + B \ rightarrow ABA + B → AB Example: Water-2 mol of hydrogen combines

with 1 mol of oxygen to form 2 mol of water:

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Decomposition reaction:

When the reactant decomposes into two or more simpler products

General formula: \ rm AB \ rightarrow A + BAB → A + B Example: Hydrogen peroxide-If a bottle of

hydrogen peroxide is left to stand for a long time, the compound will break down into water and oxygen.

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Alternate Response There are two types of

Alternate Response, Single and Double.

Single reaction:

When one element of the reactant is replaced by another

General formula: \ rm A + BC \ Right arrow AC + BA + BC → AC + B. B in BC is replaced by A to form a

new product AC

Dual reaction:

When two elements of different compounds occur in one reaction.

General formula: \ rm AB + CD \ Right arrow AC + BDAB + CD → AC + BD. The C on the CD is replaced by

A and the A on AB is replaced by C, forming two different products.

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Energy in a chemical reaction Every reaction involves a change in energy. Some reactions release energy
and others absorb energy. The energy flow in a reaction is divided into an exothermic reaction and an
endothermic reaction, and each reaction is called an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction.

All chemical reactions, regardless of reaction type, require energy to proceed. Activation energy is the
minimum amount of energy required to trigger a reaction. The comparison of energy changes between
exothermic and endothermic reactions can be easily understood as follows.

Exothermic reaction

A reaction in which energy is released in the form of heat

Example: Sweat of the body-The body cools and heat is released to the surroundings.

Example: When gasoline burns in a car engine, carbon dioxide, water, other products, and energy are
released in the form of heat. When an exothermic reaction occurs, the temperature of the environment
rises.

Endothermic reaction

A reaction in which energy is normally absorbed from the environment in the form of heat.

Example: When baking soda and vinegar are mixed in a glass container, the surface of the glass
becomes cold and you can see that heat is absorbed from the environment. In the case of an
endothermic reaction, the temperature of the environment drops.

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Factors that depend on the rate of chemical reaction Different chemical reactions occur at different
rates. For example, iron slowly rusts. The reaction rate depends on various factors. The four factors are:
the concentration of reactants, the temperature of the reaction, the surface area of the reactants, and
the presence of a catalyst.

Concentration of Reactants

It is defined as the amount of reactant present in the given volume. Many reactants in a solution
provides a large number of particles for a reaction. For example, less fuel can keep a fire ignited for a
short time but, if the amount of fuel is increased, it can keep the reaction running for a longer duration

Temperature of the Reaction

Temperature helps in two ways by increasing the movement of the particles in the reactant. Firstly, it
increases the chances of the interaction of the molecules of the compound and secondly, it increases
the energy with which the particles move. Contrary, lower temperature slows the reactions. An example
of this factor is it helps to store food for a greater period, as low temperature slows down the growth of
microorganisms that spoil food items.

Surface Area of the Reactants

Surface area increases and decreases the rate of reaction. This can be observed when dissolving a sugar
cube and sugar powder in different glasses, that contain an equal amount of water. The powdered sugar
will dissolve early due to its smaller surface area, as compared to the sugar cube.

Presence of a Catalyst

It allows an increase in the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy. Catalysts do not cause
any permanent effect on the reaction.