Stlutiony > lupe 4 Pos :- covertd (0 shy, by — Concenvahm a oh gt ‘ wt? volt, Aly M,N, e, ps ) PP Solubility The mariroum ant & Solute that can be dicsdved Ina qiven arnt of Solvent (124) 1s called Solubility - = Based on solubility Solns are Clas fied ay Satuxated Soln , unsatusxated and Supensiia - unsaturated '- The Sdn jn chich the amtg Solute ‘is lon than th Solubility & called unsatuaty) bolas whieh which Can disolve some mote amt init: Soturotid !- Thy Soln in which amt o Seale equch td Solubility. Dn this soln clynarnfe equ 15 Btablished lig Aimarlued § cndioled Solie- Supersartuvated Solns:- The soln in which the aunt oy Svluk is mde than fir Solubility E Called Puper Secwotid .Pt % unstable Scanned with CamScannerSolublilyg a sail ine tqued een ty \ rernprver tiny e re sn _ YP aiassdlatiny | a delta {na Heald te, encdotb ONO A AN Is ave CelhaiK tip rac acace bili i See NMMyeh, Nano, , bof NN akolation of fg neiltw. ero thei anf enodlhernc Solubility ches not depend 09 Len. CD disschatton ts exothermic Aico & ve Solubilrhy \ wilh Q tn Jorn yr | Ene No SOy | NAO, Cag» 2) Pressure i Thee 1s noejfect G proagure On Solubifily qa colid i Moyuil , g) glatwe of solute and solvent + - Tonic compounds ay golubl tn pla compo | Hike coder and covalent compounds ane Sulu blr in Non poli, golvents like Beageaw 1 Carbon letra chlovide Scanned with CamScannerSolubility fa, gas In ali: cAubility ofa gos ina \tquid ckeper ds cn D) Pnatureof the ges *- Easily liquitgra ble 4cue ave more Soluble jn wWatear-- Exi- Nis YR HC), COy ane erde soluble in unt than 0) §H, . Ges with high vanderwaal forces have high Cv tical temp + and are easily liquifable. 2) Nature of Solvent :- Solubility of gases depends On Nature of Sdvent. Ey: ia He ° ** olay GUY ase move Scuble In polar soleni like water. 3) Effect of temp i As the temp 1S Tneveased af Solubs|i ty of a gas ‘ina lig, Cecreases, H) Presa AS the presune ‘is fncveare d Solubilriy ck a qos Th a lig t. Henvy § law !- According to Henry mass o} the qa disolvd ina lig, & partiat presuse of the qa: ve MaP Scanned with CamScannerOe rp pag? &c d form 4 Henrys law fs partial prone directly proportional to mole fraction fs 4 a q as 0. the qu $n the "4" vn PK gor Pe ky Eger above He P—> partial prenurt Qe qu sjde liq. > yole faction 4 the gar in th liq. . > Henvys gon st [ Depends.en gaas . Temp) unit. KH 1g atm - x As temp q ke 49 Gose wolf High Ky value have Loe Solubihity P m=ke x kyo = P =e : Cee ae ae ‘Z E Scanned with CamScannerUmitations of Henrys aug > trenry§ law is not applicable cohen prentae iS vey high and Hmpevatwn is vey lou. — Te ga ‘is highly soluble fn liq, — TF qos dissociates or veacti sith [fauid- Applications of Henrys low: > To incense the solubility q co, in-settds~ Soft-obvin ka — Subaciivers uxt ahr diluted with 1.97 He, FOR/ me, B2Ir OL+ (B+ DEN) mele / yatto - a c 5 To avoid a condition Know as bends - — m high altitude when Favttah Presure % Og, 16 Led He leads by 0 Cond en ronia fa Golubsili® & Hem low wnt kn of NL QM F atro + Then Caleta rman 4 of water in tho of Ui is [Xto pet NL trom ai d imodlved in ro moles At aggk and satmpesut od air = gabe Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerTotal VP exerted by Sdn [Py = +P] Pa > Portiak presose of tig A. in Solo. According te Raoult) laws (t =Pa-xa| Peo Partial prewuse of ligB in Soln. Po= PB Xe According to Rapult dalton taro i= mde fraction of A’ tn Vapour state - Pa Lathe B role frach on df ‘8 in Vapow State+ Yo =f = %e | P =| Leas T PRxate¥B | qe ——<——— rl Scanned with CamScanneree { Yn = a | 46 OB OMe rh OM | | ( Taeal Soln) cahich obey Raoulls lau ane called Teal Doeal ! Solns :- The sins ond that all. conditions S\ns" consider a gain of two’ Volatile liq + ano Sly) As Spteractions axe Some As) n,n Anteracions then ‘the, Solin is’ Called .- soln Por Tdeat soln [aveo, an= 0) B= A ag ~.B \( deal Soln) - Ext a6 Hot Tater "eGtete + ntep to. he) (ethy| chloride +ethyl brornfde), Chlove bezore 4 bromo benzene ) ethylene chlovile + ethylene bromide) e % 6.0 ‘Ideal ron Bae Peas Solnst - le Solns ewhich ‘ canhot obey Ragult lou, ane Called 1 0 Azeot » ideal Solns~ oo Tea) soln cate called | unnoe Ron man et | canheéd with CamScannerNon Tdeal Solr Udith —ve deviation !- df ae ‘inteacdion aa > A--A ABB they ‘the Soln Shows —ve deviation. For thue solu jAv = ve , An.z-ve- \Po# PS pe £ pe _ fa? Fate § : # Par Pr # Fate + Pa Xe\ In this Solns Partial prenuxe 4 each licy is less than Calculated value Exi~ Chlorofomy Acetone , Chloroform + Ben gene , Chlovofpwo + Diethylether , tNds+ 420 7 HCE H20 Yq=l ° %e=0 | Non dSdeal Solr sith sve deviation ‘- HoA--B < A.A § B....B then the soln Shows +ve. deviation + For thee Solns Pp FP a Xp Scanned with CamScannereach Myf 9n this solns fartial prenure 4 | more than calaudated volun | Exr- CClyt CMe 7» Colyactels , CClat loubery | | Acetone + elhy aleohol , Acetone 4 CONG , Cthylaleohol+ water melby! alenbof 1 veer fe Ae | qr! eC Ye*? Level-v Qno! ) os fait Ba (Nos), — Pal? 20g n-l X= Qay-) = way , 4c, qnioe Q we GH) Qn0:3 wt d solvent 2504 wt of solute = 204 qQimw 4. Solute Coy z,00) = 1979 kp Ben qne= 197 1p ils - Of up Te7hx20 89 Scanned with CamScanner2 Ageomopes (or) Const boiling mirtutes s- mixture of two or move Components whi behawe, \iKe a Single Coronent , boils ata fixed termp. and dishlis Ove comple tely ad the Same temp - Lolthout avy chomege 30 Compost tron 1S called Ageotvope- Non ideal Shey dowre “Ayeotrop es. Ageohrops axe d too typa :. i) Ageotvopic mix» vith mintmum or low boiling point. These *rzechopes farnecl by lig, showin g i®) +Vve deviatfon: An “ntermedicte compoes tor) of Hq; howe hhghet U»P and boils at lootmp, fae ISS CHacthot (eltuslatesho!) 4. 4. 67wala Boiling .P is ese Sav pyridine +US7 wooden. RiP ~ 49-6 U it) Pgeohtbic mins with man. & high BP : Thy e 1S formed by Ira dowing — ve deviaki® An intermediate COMP Ey hion A ligqs- having Scanned with CamScannerminimum vep has higher Py Giver th Agpobrepe: Such Agpohep an ran Be Pe h gia, dH. puse Cormporerd eur Egih Hibs + Beh wal iP — 25.56 ist pyridine $267 CHgWOH +B. Pec Experienen bad lelermning ve g- colle propertln: >RLVP can be determined by ostwald dramic meth od + ' =~ Tb aeevrine dy Piorerelite methed - Here bebmen thermomede, « — oly jo) détdeymined by Ror rmuthed - Ta yout method wethdd Coun phor is Wed golven t+ — 7 is determined by Berkeley — Hartly methed: Ostwald dynamic methed !- + Tnthis mettod dry oly is poned th San bulbs, then posed theough solvent bulbs Grd Aralky Poned Hough U-tube with Contain, Grrughyy dv. Catlr- ~ Ih Sdn bulbs dry aly ts calwotd wilh Scanned with CamScanner rough