A long narrow rod has an atomic density of 5 × 1028 𝑚−3 .

Each atom has a

1. polarizability of 10−40 𝐹. 𝑚2 . Find the internal electric field 𝐸𝑙𝑜𝑐 when an axial
field (E) of 1.0 V/m is applied.
Among the following materials, explain which are what type of material and why;
2. and mention their potential applications:
(i) PET, (ii) bird poop, (iii) chocolate, (iv) SF6
Introduce the Langevin function and explain its use in the derivation of orientational
3.
polarizability. Show the complete derivation.
Explain the terms DNG, SNG and ENZ metamaterials. Discuss their potential
4.
applications in engineering sectors.
Magnetic susceptibility (𝑋𝑚 ) values for water and bismuth are −0.91X10−5 and
−16.6X10−5 respectively. Explain why water shows diamagnetic properties more
5.
despite having a low 𝑋𝑚 than bismuth. Suggest some applications of diamagnetic
property in water-based materials.
Show that, in an iron core toroidal coil the hysteresis power loss per 𝑚3 is given by
6. kfB𝑚 𝑛
[Symbols have their usual meanings]. Explain how the area enclosed within
a B-H curve corresponds to energy dissipation.
Why type-II superconductors show promises for high-temperature super
7.
conductivity?
Explain the physical origin of Debye Loss peak. Derive the equivalent circuit of a
8.
Debye dielectric.
Consider a CsBr crystal (a = 4.3Å). The 𝛼𝑒 corresponding to Cs + and Br − ions are
3.35 × 10−40 F. m2 and 4.5 × 10−40 F. m2 , respectively. Mean αI per ion pair is
9.
5. 8 × 10−40 F. m2 . Find the low frequency and optical frequency dielectric
constant.
What do you mean by negative index material? Briefly describe how one can attain
10.
such a material.
11. What is Birkhausen effect? Explain why the hysteresis loop is not a reversible loop.
Explain, in detail, the differences and similarities of soft and hard magnetic
12.
materials. Mention some of their applications.