Lecture: 4 Air Conditioning System 24/11/2016

 Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air (primarily temperature and
humidity) to more favorable conditions.
 The control of these conditions may be desirable to maintain the health and comfort of the
occupants, or to meet the requirements of industrial processes irrespective of the external
climatic conditions.
PRINCIPLES OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

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Lecture: 4 Air Conditioning System 24/11/2016

THE COOLANT/REFRIGERANT
Good coolant must have features:
 Non toxic
 Non-corrosive components
 Not explosive
 Soluble in oil to lubricate effectively
 Harmless when responding to oil even in the presence of moisture
 Have a high resistance to electricity.

Type of coolant: R-22/R-12/R-11/R-134a etc.

Cooling Capacity:
Ton of Refrigeration (abbreviated as TR): 1 tonne of refrigeration is the rate of heat removal
required to freeze a metric ton (1000 kg) of water at 0°C in 24 hours. Based on the heat of fusion
being 333.55 kJ/kg, 1 tonne of refrigeration = 13,898 kJ/h = 3.861 kW.

Rooms Size (Sq ft) Tonnage Capacity

Up to 90 sq ft 0.8 Ton
Up to 120 sq ft 1.0 Ton
Up to 180 sq ft 1.5 Ton
Up to 220 sq ft 2.0 Ton

AC Brands

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Lecture: 4 Air Conditioning System 24/11/2016

TYPE OF AIR-CONDITIONING
 Window air-conditioning system
 Split air-conditioning system
 Centralized air-conditioning system
 Package air-conditioning system

Windows Air-conditioning System:

 Window air conditioners are one of the most commonly used and cheapest type of air
conditioners.
 To install one of these units, you need the space to make a slot in the wall, and there
should also be some open space behind the wall.
 Window air-conditioner units are reliable and simple-to-install solution to keep a room
cool while avoiding the costly construction of a central air system.
 Better yet, when the summer heat dies down, these units can be easily removed for
storage, and you can use the window sill for other purpose.

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Lecture: 4 Air Conditioning System 24/11/2016

Split Air-Conditioning System:

 The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor unit.
 The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the compressor,
condenser and expansion valve.
 The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and the cooling fan. For this unit
you don’t have to make any slot in the wall of the room.
 Further, the present day split units have aesthetic looks and add to the beauty of the room.
The split air conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms.

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Lecture: 4 Air Conditioning System 24/11/2016

Multi-split system

Centralized Air-Conditioning System:

 The central air conditioning plants or the systems are used when large buildings, hotels,
theaters, airports, shopping malls etc. are to be air conditioned completely.
 The window and split air conditioners are used for single rooms or small office spaces.
 If the whole building is to be cooled it is not economically viable to put window or split air
conditioner in each and every room.
 Further, these small units cannot satisfactorily cool the large halls, auditoriums, receptions
areas etc.

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Lecture: 4 Air Conditioning System 24/11/2016

CHILLER
A device that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cyc
le.This cooled liquid flows through pipes in a building and passes through coils in air handlers, fa
n-coil units, or other systems, cooling and usually dehumidifying the air in the building.
Chillers are of two types:
air-cooled or water-cooled. Air-cooled chillers are usually outside and consist of condenser
coils cooled by fan-driven air. Water-cooled chillers are usually inside a building, and heat from
these chillers is carried by recirculating water to a heat sink such as an outdoor cooling tower.

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Lecture: 4 Air Conditioning System 24/11/2016

Package Air conditioning unit

Packaged Air-Conditioning System:

 The window and split air conditioners are usually used for the small air conditioning
capacities up to 5 tons.
 The central air conditioning systems are used for where the cooling loads extend beyond
20 tons.
 The packaged air conditioners are used for the cooling capacities in between these two
extremes.
 The packaged air conditioners are available in the fixed rated capacities of 3,5, 7, 10 and
15 tons.
 These units are used commonly in places like restaurants, telephone exchanges, homes,
small halls, etc.

Important AC components:
AIR TERMINAL units and devices are usually used in the AC system, used as air inlet or
outlet,with function of decoration. They are usually made from aluminium, steel or plastic.
Includes air grilles,air diffuser, Jet nozzle, air valve, and sometimes also includes fan coil units.

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 Lecture: 4 Air Conditioning System 24/11/2016

DUCT FANS & FILTER are used to extract or blow air from or into the ventilation ducts. During
the air moving, some dust or inpurity are taken into together. It is necessary to install air filter to
improve air quality. You need to often clear or replace the filter to keep clean. In order to keep
silent, need to install air damper.

FANs

Filters Digital Thermostats

Advantages of Air Conditioner
Extreme heat shows a negative impact on the intelligence and on individuals physical activity
and the use of air conditioning and feel of cool air can go some way to correcting this.
 Improves comfort levels at work as well as leisure.

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 Lecture: 4 Air Conditioning System 24/11/2016

 Enhances job performance.

 Results in augmented intellectual and physical activity.
 Lower or chilled temperature diminishes the existence of parasites and insects.
 Lower temperature means less sweating, decreasing the dehydration risk.
 Air conditioning system also assists in excluding external allergens like pollen.
 Good installation and maintenance of air conditioner, renews &enhances the quality of air

Disadvantages of Air Conditioner on Health

In spite of the relief it brings on a hot sunny day, there are some health problems which occurs
due to the 24/7running of air conditioning. The following are some of the Disadvantages of Air
Conditioner on Health.

 Unexpected changes in humidity & temperature affects individual’s respiratory system

 Regular usage of air Conditioner dries skin & mucous membranes
 Its ambient noise, leads to noise pollution.
 Air circulation even transmits infectious respiratory diseases
 Airborne dust & fungi cause allergic reactions
 Air conditioning is related with chronic rhinitis & pharyngitis, hoarseness and throat irritation
 Air conditioning can worsen eye conditions like conjunctivitis & blepharitis, and alos results in
causing problems for contact lens wearers.
 Sometimes indoor air pollution is greater than outdoor air pollution. If indoor air contains
allergens, you may suffer from nasal issues, headaches, itchy eyes, difficulty breathing and
dizziness. In extreme cases, pneumonia and asthma attacks can also develop.
 Spending long hours in air conditioned of offices or home you may cause also suffer heat
intolerance when you go outside.
 If you suffer from allergies in the summer months, running air conditioning constantly worsen
your symptoms if AC system has not been regularly maintained.

CHOOSING AN AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

The factors, or parameters that influence system choice can conveniently be divided into the
following groups:
 Building design
 Location issues
 Utilities: availability and cost
 Indoor requirements and loads
 Client issues

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