H.V.A.C.

SYSTEM
Prepared by: Leobert G. de Villa
What is HVAC?
H - Heating
V - Ventilation
AC - Air Conditiong
HVAC SYSTEM
This system provides heating and cooling to residential and commercial
buildings. You can find HVAC systems anywhere from single-family homes
to submarines where they provide the means for environmental comfort.
Becoming more and more popular in new construction, these systems use
fresh air from outdoors to provide high indoor air quality. The V in HVAC,
or ventilation, is the process of replacing or exchanging air within a space.
This provides a better quality of air indoors and involves the removal of
moisture, smoke, odors, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and
other gases as well as temperature control and oxygen replenishment.
FUNCTIONS OF HVAC

 The purpose of a heating, ventilating and air conditioning (hvac)

system is to provide and maintain a comfortable and safe environment
within a building for the occupants or for the process being conducted.

 Control of air temperature.

 Control of moisture content in the air.

 Proper air movement.

 To hold the air contamination within acceptable limits.

VARIOUS APPLICATION OF AIR CONDITIONING
 Shopping Malls
 Auditoriums and Theatres
 Hospitals
 Hotels and Restaurants
 Offices
 Commercial Complex
 Luxury Apartments
 Infotech Parks
 Pharma Industry
 Telecom Industry……. and many more
BASIC COMPONENT OF AIR CONDITIONING

Compressor
Condenser
Expansion Valve
Evaporator
Compressor
The compressor is a big electric pump that works with
the condenser to turn the refrigerant back to liquid. It
does this by pressurizing the refrigerant gas. The
compressor is also located in the hot side of the air
conditioner with the condenser.
Condenser
The condenser is the counterpart to the evaporator
and is located in the hot side of the air conditioner. It
functions to bring that hot, condensed refrigerant gas
back outside to vent the heat and turn the refrigerant
back into a liquid form.
Expansion valve
The expansion valve works with the evaporator, but
is usually located in-between the evaporator and
condenser. Its job is to regulate how much liquid
refrigerant is moving into the evaporator, where it then
changes into gas.
Evaporator
The evaporator is located in the cold side of the air
conditioner. Its main function is to receive liquid
refrigerant and turn it into gas, which then cools and
dehumidifies the air. The gas absorbs all of the heat
from the air and takes it to the condenser.
6 DIFFERENT TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONERS
CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING WINDOW AIR CONDITIONER

DUCTLESS, MINI-SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER

PORTABLE AIR CONDITIONER

HYBRID AIR CONDITIONERS

GEOTHERMAL HEATING & COOLING
CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING

Of all the different types of air conditioners, this is the most common
type of cooling system as it is the most preferable for larger homes due
to its ability to cool efficiently. Central air conditioners circulate cool air
through supply and return ducts. Supply ducts and registers, which are
in the wall or floors, carry cooled air into the home. Then, once the air
becomes warm it circulates back into the supply ducts and registers
where it will then be transported back to the air conditioner.

Installing a central air conditioning system requires a lot of planning

and preparation as sizing is crucial to the functionality of the system. If
you install a system that is of the wrong size, even if it’s energy-
efficient, you’ll find that your utility costs are more than they should be.
DUCTLESS, MINI-SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER

Ductless, mini-split systems are most common in parts of the home that
have been retrofitted. Like central air conditioning systems, these systems
have an outdoor compressor/condenser and an indoor handling unit.

If you’re looking to cool individual rooms in your house, this system might
be just for you. Many ductless, mini-split systems can have as many as four
indoor handling units, which are all connected to the outdoor unit.

Each zone has its own thermostat, allowing you to adjust the
temperature for each room accordingly. This is especially advantageous if
you’re wanting to cool only a particular part of the house that is being
used.
WINDOW AIR CONDITIONER

Think of a window air conditioner as a compact unit, cooling

only one particular room. Also known as a “unitary unit,” this
system is installed in the window of a room.

Window units cool a room be emitting the warm air out the
back of it and blowing cool air into it. These types of units are best
for those who live in small spaces. It would not be ideal for a
larger home as you will discover that it doesn’t cool efficiently in
that kind of environment.
PORTABLE AIR CONDITIONER
Portable air conditioners are considered as the next generator
of window units. This type of air conditioning unit takes in air from
the room and cools it, then directs it back into the room. The unit
then vents any warm air outside by means of an exhaust hose that
is installed in a window.

Like window air conditioning units, portable air conditioners are

designed to cool only one room. They’re easy to install, versatile,
and an affordable option. You’ll find that the portability of your air
conditioner makes staying cool on a hot summer day that much
easier.
HYBRID AIR CONDITIONERS
Like hybrid cars, hybrid heat pump systems alternate between burning fossil
fuels and using electricity to run. The system intelligently chooses between
the two energy sources in order to save money and energy. You won’t have
to be held hostage by rising energy prices.

In the summer, your heat pump works as it normally does, pulling heat from
your home and distributing it outdoors. In the winter, your hybrid heat pump
system works in reverse, pulling heat from the outside environment and
distributing it into your home. If you remember the Second Law of
Thermodynamics from high school, you know that heat gets transferred from
a hot object to a cold object. When the refrigerant drops below the outside
temperature, the heat from the outdoors gets transferred to your heat
pump’s coils and thus into your refrigerant. Now, the extracted heat can be
turned into warm, conditioned air for your home.
GEOTHERMAL HEATING & COOLING

Geothermal energy is sustainable, energy-efficient, and has

a long lifespan. Since the ground temperature below us
remains a fairly consistent 55 degrees no matter how hot or
cold it is in the atmosphere, geothermal technology is able to
extract the heat from below and transfer it into your home. A
geothermal coil (”loops” or “wells”) is installed deep in the
ground and can be used to heat and cool your home. In the
winter, heat is extracted from the earth; in the summer, heat
is extracted from your home and distributed back into the
ground.
SYSTEM SELECTION
TYPES OF HVAC SYSTEMS DUCTABLE SPLIT UNIT SYSTEM
PACKAGE TYPE SYSTEM

CHILLED WATER SYSTEM

DX SYSTEM
DIAGRAM OF HVAC SYSTEM ON BUILDING
STEPS INVOLVED IN DECIDING THE SYSTEM

Calculation Of Cooling Load Requirement

Selection Of Techno-economical System
Selection Of Equipment
Designing Air Distribution System
Designing Water Distribution System
Evaluation Of System To Be Used
IMPORTANT FACTORS FOR CALCULATION OF COOLING LOAD
REQUIREMENT
Use Of Space
Physical Dimension Of Space
Ceiling Height
Construction Material
Inside Room Design Conditions
Ambient Conditions
Glass Area Exposed To Sun
Occupancy
Lighting Load
Equipment Load
Fresh Air Requirement
Infiltration Of Outside Air
FOUR REQUIREMENTS ARE THE BASES FOR ANY HVAC SYSTEMS
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SYSTEM SELECTION
Budget Of Client
Need Of Client
Use Of Space
Aesthetics
Floor Layout
Depth Of Beam
Location Of Columns
Power Availability
Water Availability
Space For Servicing
TYPES O CHILLERS

AIR COOLED TYPE WATER COOLED TYPE

TYPES OF HVAC COMPRESSORS

ROTARY TYPE

RECIPROCATING TYPE

SCREW TYPE

CENTRIFUGAL TYPE
ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY REFRIGERANTS

R-134a
R-123
R-407C
R- 410A
R-22 (phase out on 2040)
COMMONLY USED HVAC EQUIPMENTS
HVAC DUCTING
CHILLER

AIR-HANDLING UNIT

PUMPS

CHILLER PIPING
COOLING TOWER
FAN COIL UNIT
COMMOMNLY USED MATERIALS FOR INSULATION

Expanded Polystyrene (Thermacole)

Expanded Polyethelene
Polyurethane Foam Sections
Fibre Glass Wool
Nitrile Rubber
Phenotherm
Rock Wool
TYPES OF DUCTING
Factory Fabricated Ducts
Site Fabricated Ducts

DUCTING
ACCESORIES
THANK
YOU