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Subject History of the Muslim Filipinos and Indigenous Peoples of Minsupala (HIS003)
Chapter/Unit 2
Title
Lesson Title The Setting: Minsupala and Its People at Present
Time Frame 3 Hours

Lesson At the end of the module, the students should be able to:
Objectives 1. Describe the geographical features of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan.
2. Locate the traditional places of the native inhabitants in Minsupala.
3. Identify the inhabitants of Minsupala.

Overview/ Mindanao, which means “land of many lakes”, is one of the major administrative
Introduction divisions of the Philippine archipelago aside from Luzon and Visayas. Because of its
geological development, the region has a long and irregular coastline with many bays and
large peninsulas, high, rugged, faulted mountain ranges, a numbers of volcanoes, broad,
level and swampy plains, high rolling plateaus, and thousands of islands and islets which
home of today’s tri-people of Moros, Lumads and Christian migrants.
This module would discuss about the geographic location of Minsupala, its
geological periods and land formation that could have influenced that lifestyle of the Moros
and Lumads people in the region. It would also highlight the inhabitants of the region, their
traditional territories and classification.
Activity The students will create a vlog about introducing themselves using their own
native tongue (with English subtitle).

Analysis The student’s introduction may be guided by the following questions:

1. What is your name and what is the history behind it?
2. Where is your place of origin (specific hometown/province)?
3. What language do you use at home/your community?
4. What are the major ethnic groups in your hometown/province?
5. How do you feel about cultural differences in your community/Mindanao?
6. What is the relationship between your self-introduction and the History 003
subject?

Abstraction Mindanao can be described in two (2) ways. First, Mindanao as an island, is the
second largest island in the Philippine archipelago, next to Luzon island, with an area of
94,630 square kilometers. Second, Mindanao as a group of islands which include the
mainland Mindanao island, and other islands in the southern part of the country with a total
area of 101,000 square kilometers.
The mainland of Mindanao is one of the richest islands in the archipelago in terms
of natural resources which provides a large amount of agricultural, industrial, commercial
and tourism potentials. In the national economy, the Mindanao islands group contributes
99.99% of the country’s rubber production; 90.82% of the country’s palm oil production;
89.42% of the country’s production; 88.85% of the country’s pineapple production; 82% of
the country’s banana production; 73.59% of the country’s coffee production; 57.35% of the
country’s seaweeds production; 49.32% of the country’s coconut production; 67% of cattle
and tuna; more than 50% of corn, fish and chicken; 90% of plywood and lumber; 63% (1
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Billion metric tons) of nickel reserves; 48% (50.3 Million metric tons) of gold reserves;
38.5% (2.6 Million hectares) of forest and 38% (3.73 Million hectares) of farmlands.
The Mindanao islands group, with the southern portion of Palawan, is home to the
tri-people of Lumads (at least 18 ethnolinguistic groups), Moros (13 groups), and Christians
(at least 9 migrant ethnic groups) from Luzon and Visayas. Administratively, the islands
group is divided into 6 Regions which are Western Mindanao/Zamboanga Peninsula,
Northern Mindanao, Davao Region, SOCCSKSARGEN, Caraga and the newly organized
BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao), and further subdivided
into 27 Provinces which are the provinces of Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte,
Zamboanga del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental,
Misamis Oriental, Bukidnon, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Dinagat Islands, Agusan
del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur, Davao de
Oro, Davao Occidental, Sultan Kudarat, Cotabato (North Cotabato), South Cotabato,
Sarangani, Maguindanao, Sulu, Basilan and Tawi-Tawi. It is bounded on the north by
Bohol Sea, on the east by the Philippine Sea, on the west by the Sulu Sea, and on the
south by the Celebes Sea. Mindanao island is mountainous and is home to the highest
peak of the country which is the Mount Apo.
Palawan is not in Mindanao but administratively part of Region 4 (Tagalog
Region/MIMAROPA). The province is named after its largest island, Palawan Island,
measuring 450 kilometers (280 miles) long and 50 kilometers (31 miles) wide. It is included
in the setting of History 003 because it has important significance in the history of
Mindanao. At the time of the great sultanates in the southern Philippines, some part of
Palawan especially the southern portion, were under the jurisdiction of the Sulu Sultanate.
And, the place is home to 3 Islamized tribes of Jama Mapun, Panimusan and Molbog
culturally linking the island to Mindanao.
The peoples of Minsupala may be categorized into 2 groups namely the Migrants
and their descendants and the Indigenous groups. The migrant populations of Mindanao
refer to the people who were not originally inhabitants of the island. Most of them were
natives of Luzon or Visayas who came to Mindanao and stayed beginning from the early
20th century. They usually migrated as a response to the American invitation for permanent
settlers on Mindanao, either through resettlement programs sponsored by the government
or through private efforts. Among these groups are the Cebuano (from Cebu), Ilonggo
(Panay and Negros), Bol-anon (Bohol), Waray (Samar and Leyte), Siquijodnon (Siquijor),
Tagalog (Central Luzon), Bicolano (Bicol), Kapampangan (Pampanga) and Ilocano
(Ilocos). The Chinese and other non-Filipino may well be included in the migrant category
of “other settlers” from Luzon and Visayas.
The indigenous groups, therefore, refer to the people who inhabited Mindanao
since time immemorial. These group can be categorized into three (3) groups: The
Indigenous Christian, the Moros and the Lumads. The indigenous Christians were original
Mindanao IPs who became Christianized. When the Spaniards arrival on Mindanao in the
second decade of the 17th century, they already recorded a significant number of Visayan-
speaking people in the northern and eastern parts of the island. These people would
eventually become the Christian communities in the Spanish controlled territories of
Mindanao. They are known locally by their place names like Davaweno (in Davao
provinces), Butuanon (Butuan), Iliganon (Iligan), Dapitanon (Dapitan), Chavacano
(Zamboanga) and several others.
The Moro (from Spanish term Mauru/s or Moor in English) is the second group of
indigenous people in the Mindanao islands group. It refers to the 13 Islamized tribes of
Mindanao, Sulu Archipelago and Palawan. These group are the Panimusan of mainland
southern Palawan), Molbog of Balabac Island (east of southern Palawan), Jama Mapun of
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Cagayan de Sulu (south of Palawan), Sama’a of Tawi-Tawi cluster of islands, Tausug of

Jolo cluster of islands, Yakan of Basilan, Badjao/Sama Dilaut of Sulu archipelago,
Kalibugan/Kolibugan of Zamboanga Peninsula, Iranun of Illana bay area,
Meranaw/Maranao of Lanao provinces, Maguindanaon of Cotabato provinces, Sangir of
Sarangani and Samal islands, and Kalagan of Davao provinces.
The Lumads, a Cebuano term means indigenous, refer to the tribes who were
neither Islamized nor Christianized upon the arrival of the Spaniards. These groups are the
Manobo of Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Davao Provinces, Cotabato Provinces, Sarangani
Province and Sultan Kudarat, Subanen/non of Zamboanga Peninsula and Misamis
Occidental, Blaan of Davao del Sur, South Cotabato and Sarangani Province, T’boli of
South Cotabato particularly in Lake Sebu, Siluton and Lahit, Mandaya of Davao Oriental,
Davao del Norte and Surigao del Sur, Tiruray/Teduray of Maguindanao and North
Cotabato, Higaonon of Bukidnon, Iligan, Agusan del Norte and Misamis Oriental, Bagobo
of south and east of Mount Apo, eastern part of Cotabato and Davao del Sur, Bukidnon of
Bukidnon province, Ata Manobo of west and northwest of Mount Apo, Davao del Norte and
Davao City, Tagakaolo of Davao del Sur, south of Mount Apo and Sarangani Province,
Dibabawon of Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte and Agusan del Sur, Mangguwangan
of Davao de Oro, Davao del Norte and Davao oriental, Mansaka of Davao del Norte and
Davao de Oro, Banwaon of Agusan del Sur, Matigsalug of Bukidnon/Tigwa-Salug Valley
and others.

Mandatory Reading: Read the article “A Brief Historical Geology of Mindanao” by Linda
Burton, “Land Forms of Mindanao” by Robert E. Huke, “Mindanao: The Land of Promise”,
“Muslim Filipinos and Their Homeland” by Peter Gowing, and “A Story of Mindanao and
Sulu in Question and Answer” by B.R. Rodil in your Compilation of Readings in History of
Phil. Muslims and Indigenous Peoples in Minsupala (His 003)
Application Create three (3) sets of Map of Minsupala showing the location (province) of its inhabitants.
and Assessment You can manually draw your map or use computer aided apps and highlight the
inhabitant’s location using colors/symbols/pictures/other forms of legend.
1. Set A- The Moros and their locations in Minsupala
2. Set B- The Lumads and their locations in Minsupala
3. Set C- The Indigenous Christians and their locations in Minsupala
References
Gowing, Peter P. (1979). Muslim Filipinos: Heritage and Horizon. Quezon City: New Day
Publishers.
History of Filipino Muslims and Other Indigenous Peoples of Minsupala: A Teaching and
Learning Guide (2015). MSU System resource material for History 003 classes.

Kadil, J. Ben. (2002). History of the Moro and Indigenous Peoples in Minsupala. Marawi
City: OVCRE.

Majul, Caesar Adib (1999). Muslims in the Philippines. Quezon City: UP Press.

Rodil, Rudy B. (2003). A Story of Mindanao and Sulu in Question and Answer. Davao City:
MINCODE.